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Muñoz-González C, Brulé M, Feron G, Canon F. Does interindividual variability of saliva affect the release and metabolization of aroma compounds ex vivo? The particular case of elderly suffering or not from hyposalivation. J Texture Stud 2018; 50:36-44. [PMID: 30520036 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effects of interindividual variability of human elderly saliva on aroma release and metabolization by ex vivo approaches. Thirty individuals suffering or not from hyposalivation were selected from a panel formed by 110 elderly people (aged >65 years old) that were matched by age and sex. Then, their stimulated saliva samples were independently incubated in presence of three aroma compounds (ethyl hexanoate, octanal, 2-nonanone) to perform headspace-gas chromatography and liquid/liquid extraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses. These assays revealed that the extent of saliva effect on the release and metabolization of aroma compounds was highly dependent on the chemical family of the compounds (octanal>ethyl hexanoate>2-nonanone). Moreover, salivas from the hyposalivator (HPS) group exerted a significant lower release and/or higher metabolization than those of the control group for the three assayed compounds. Regarding the biochemical characterization of the saliva samples, no significant differences were found in the total protein content between the two groups. This does not preclude the involvement of specific proteins on the observed results that need to be clarified in further experiments. Saliva from the HPS group presented a significantly higher total antioxidant capacity than that of the control group, which suggests that this parameter could be related to the metabolization of aroma compounds by saliva. Such effects might alter aroma perception in individuals suffering from hyposalivation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The world population is getting older so fast that most countries are not prepared to handle this demographic challenge, characterized by an increasing prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders) associated to inadequate eating patterns. Thus, supporting a balanced diet is one of the most cost-effective strategies to maintain a good quality of life. A suitable diet needs to take into account both, specific sensory and nutritional individual needs. However, aging is often accompanied by deterioration in oral health (e.g., low salivary secretions), which could alter the capacities to taste and smell. Results from this work contribute to a better understanding of the role of human saliva in aroma release and metabolization, a first step to comprehend retronasal aroma release and perception. This knowledge will help to propose innovative solutions for the reformulation of food products better adapted to the elderly's needs, thus allowing delayed onset of dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muñoz-González
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Marine Brulé
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Gilles Feron
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Francis Canon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, Dijon, France
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Suzuki A, Iwata J. Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Exocytosis in the Salivary Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3208. [PMID: 30336591 PMCID: PMC6214078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, salivary glands produce about 0.5 to 1.5 L of saliva, which contains salivary proteins that are essential for oral health. The contents of saliva, 0.3% proteins (1.5 to 4.5 g) in fluid, help prevent oral infections, provide lubrication, aid digestion, and maintain oral health. Acinar cells in the lobular salivary glands secrete prepackaged secretory granules that contain salivary components such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins. Despite the important physiological functions of salivary proteins, we know very little about the regulatory mechanisms of their secretion via exocytosis, which is a process essential for the secretion of functional proteins, not only in salivary glands, but also in other secretory organs, including lacrimal and mammary glands, the pancreas, and prostate. In this review, we discuss recent findings that elucidate exocytosis by exocrine glands, especially focusing on the salivary glands, in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Program of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Canon F, Neiers F, Guichard E. Saliva and Flavor Perception: Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7873-7879. [PMID: 29962207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the main trends and perspectives related to the current understanding of the relationships between saliva and flavor perception. Saliva is a key factor in flavor perception and controls the transport of flavor molecules to their receptors, their adsorption onto the mouth surfaces (i.e., oral mucosa), their metabolism by enzymatic modification, and the friction force in the oral cavity. The proteins in free saliva or in the mucosal pellicle contribute to flavor perception by interacting with or metabolizing flavor compounds. Most of these reactions were observed when using fresh whole saliva; however, they were absent or less frequently observed when using artificial saliva or depleted/frozen whole saliva. There is a need to better understand the role of protein aggregates in flavor perception. Within humans, there is great interindividual variation in salivary composition, which has been related to differences in flavor perception. However, the relative role of salivary proteins and the microbiota should be deeply investigated together with the impact of their composition on individual perception during life. Finally, future results must also consider cross-modal interactions at the brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Canon
- UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 21000 Dijon , France
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 21000 Dijon , France
| | - Elisabeth Guichard
- UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 21000 Dijon , France
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Genovese A, Rispoli T, Sacchi R. Extra virgin olive oil aroma release after interaction with human saliva from individuals with different body mass index. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3376-3383. [PMID: 29277918 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interindividual variability observed in saliva characteristics raises the question of its relationship with variability in fat sensory perception, particularly in aroma compounds. In the present study, which aimed to measure aroma release from different individuals, eleven key aroma compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) were monitored and quantified in dynamic headspace after an in vitro interaction between EVOO and human saliva. Therefore, 60 individuals were studied from those who were normal weight (NW), overweight (OW) and obese (O). RESULTS OW and O demonstrate a higher release of C6 compounds compared to NW. By contrast, NW have a higher release of C5 compounds. Pentanal and hexanal also increased after saliva interaction in a refined olive oil that is free from volatiles. Among the saliva samples with a higher release in NW individuals, only pentanal was different. However, the low levels of these lipid oxidation end-products do not appear to be very important with respect to increasing odorous fat sensitivity. CONCLUSION The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the important role of saliva in the aroma release of EVOO, indicating that humans can perceive it differently in relation to their body mass index. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Genovese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rispoli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sacchi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Gao X, Zhang M, Xue J, Huang J, Zhuang R, Zhou X, Zhang H, Fu Q, Hao Y. Body Mass Index Differences in the Gut Microbiota Are Gender Specific. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1250. [PMID: 29988340 PMCID: PMC6023965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the development of obesity, but the influence of gender remains elusive. Using a large cohort of Chinese adults, our study aimed to identify differences in gut microbiota as a function of body mass index (BMI) and investigate gender specific features within these differences. Methods: Five hundred fifty-one participants were categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese, based on their BMI. Fecal microbiome composition was profiled via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Generalized linear model (GLM), BugBase, PICRUSt, and SPIEC-EASI were employed to assess the variabilities in richness, diversity, structure, organism-level microbiome phenotypes, molecular functions, and ecological networks of the bacterial community that associated with BMI and sex. Results: The bacterial community of the underweight group exhibited significantly higher alpha diversity than other BMI groups. When stratified by gender, the pattern of alpha diversity across BMI was maintained in females, but no significant difference in alpha diversity was detected among the BMI groups of males. An enrichment of Fusobacteria was observed in the fecal microbiota of obese males, while obese females demonstrated an increased relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Analysis of microbial community-level phenotypes revealed that underweight males tend to have more anaerobic and less facultatively anaerobic bacteria, indicating a reduced resistance to oxidative stress. Functionally, butyrate-acetoacetate CoA-transferase was enriched in obese individuals, which might favor energy accumulation. PhoH-like ATPase was found to be increased in male obese subjects, indicating a propensity to harvest energy. The microbial ecological network of the obese group contained more antagonistic microbial interactions as well as high-degree nodes. Conclusion: Using a large Chinese cohort, we demonstrated BMI-associated differences in gut microbiota composition, functions, and ecological networks, which were influenced by gender. Results in this area have shown variability across several independent studies, suggesting that further investigation is needed to understand the role of the microbiota in modulating host energy harvest and storage, and the impact of sex on these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gao
- Shenzhen HRK Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meirong Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junmian Xue
- Shenzhen HRK Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Shenzhen HRK Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayue Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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56
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Main effects of human saliva on flavour perception and the potential contribution to food consumption. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 77:423-431. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665118000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whole saliva is a mixture composed by the secretions of the major and minor salivary glands and the crevicular fluid, bacteria, cells and food debris. Its properties (flow and composition) are highly intra- and inter-individually dependent and reflect the health status of individuals. Saliva plays a key role in the eating process and on the perception of flavour. Flavour corresponds to the combined effect of taste sensations, aromatics and chemical feeling factors evoked by food in the oral cavity. It is a key determinant of food consumption and intake. This review summarises the evidence about the role of saliva in flavour perception and its potential contribution to food intake. All in all, evidence on the relationships between salivary parameters and both food perception and feeding behaviour is presented. This review emphasises that new studies accounting for the effect of salivary constituents on flavour alterations due to diseases (i.e. cancer, obesity and diabetes) are lacking and are expected in the incoming years.
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Wu Y, Chi X, Zhang Q, Chen F, Deng X. Characterization of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4458. [PMID: 29576948 PMCID: PMC5858547 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interactions between the gut microbiome and obesity have been extensively studied. Although the oral cavity is the gateway to the gut, and is extensively colonized with microbes, little is known about the oral microbiome in people with obesity. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome in obese and normal weight healthy participants using metagenomic analysis. The subjects were categorized into two groups, obesity and normal weight, based on their BMIs. Methods We characterized the salivary microbiome of 33 adults with obesity and 29 normal weight controls using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq). None of the selected participants had systemic, oral mucosal, or periodontal diseases. Results The salivary microbiome of the obesity group was distinct from that of the normal weight group. The salivary microbiome of periodontally healthy people with obesity had both significantly lower bacterial diversity and richness compared with the controls. The genus Prevotella, Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, Solobacterium, Catonella, and Mogibacterium were significantly more abundant in the obesity group; meanwhile the genus Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Staphylococcus were less abundant in the obesity group. We also performed a functional analysis of the inferred metagenomes, and showed that the salivary community associated with obesity had a stronger signature of immune disease and a decreased functional signature related to environmental adaptation and Xenobiotics biodegradation compared with the normal weight controls. Discussion Our study demonstrates that the microbial diversity and structure of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity are significantly different from those of normal weight controls. These results suggested that changes in the structure and function of salivary microbiome in people with obesity might reflect their susceptibility to oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopei Chi
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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59
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Higher prevalence of FTO gene risk genotypes AA rs9939609, CC rs1421085, and GG rs17817449 and saliva containing Staphylococcus aureus in obese women in Croatia. Nutr Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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60
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Walliczek-Dworschak U, Schöps F, Feron G, Brignot H, Hähner A, Hummel T. Differences in the Density of Fungiform Papillae and Composition of Saliva in Patients With Taste Disorders Compared to Healthy Controls. Chem Senses 2018; 42:699-708. [PMID: 28981826 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relation of the fungiform taste papillae density and saliva composition with the taste perception of patients suffering from diagnosed taste disorders. For this purpose, 81 patients and 40 healthy subjects were included. Taste was measured by means of regional and whole mouth chemosensory tests, and electrogustometry. Olfaction was assessed using the Sniffin Sticks. Fungiform papillae were quantified using the "Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae". In addition, salivary parameters [flow rate, total proteins, catalase, total anti-oxidative capacity (TAC), carbonic anhydrase VI (caVI), and pH] were determined and the Beck Depression Inventory was administered. Patients showed less taste papillae compared to healthy subjects. The number of papillae correlated with total taste strip score and salivary flow rate. Regarding salivary parameters, the flow rate, protein concentration, and TAC of patients were higher compared to controls. In addition, salivary flow rate, protease, caVI, and catalase values correlated with the summed taste strip score. Regarding various taste disorders, salty-dysgeusia patients showed the lowest taste test scores compared to those with bitter or metal-dysgeusia. Olfactory function of patients was significantly worse compared to healthy controls. This difference was most pronounced for ageusia patients. Compared to controls, patients also exhibited higher depressive symptoms. The density of fungiform papillae seemed to be positively associated with taste perception. Furthermore, patients exhibited changes in saliva composition (higher salivary flow rate, increased protein concentration, proteolysis, and TAC) compared to controls indicating that assessment of saliva may be critical for the diagnostic procedure in taste disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Walliczek-Dworschak
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Marburg, University of Giessen and Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Franz Schöps
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gilles Feron
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Helene Brignot
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Antje Hähner
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Parolin C, Giordani B, Ñahui Palomino RA, Biagi E, Severgnini M, Consolandi C, Caredda G, Storelli S, Strohmenger L, Vitali B. Design and validation of a DNA-microarray for phylogenetic analysis of bacterial communities in different oral samples and dental implants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6280. [PMID: 28740183 PMCID: PMC5524749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The quali-quantitative characterization of the oral microbiota is crucial for an exhaustive knowledge of the oral ecology and the modifications of the microbial composition that occur during periodontal pathologies. In this study, we designed and validated a new phylogenetic DNA-microarray (OralArray) to quickly and reliably characterize the most representative bacterial groups that colonize the oral cavity. The OralArray is based on the Ligation Detection Reaction technology associated to Universal Arrays (LDR-UA), and includes 22 probe sets targeted to bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Spirochaete. The tool is characterized by high specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The OralArray was successfully tested and validated on different oral samples (saliva, lingual plaque, supragingival plaque, and healing cap) collected from 10 healthy subjects. For each specimen, a microbial signature was obtained, and our results established the presence of an oral microbial profile specific for each subject. Moreover, the tool was applied to evaluate the efficacy of a disinfectant treatment on the healing caps before their usage. The OralArray is, thus, suitable to study the microbiota associated with various oral sites and to monitor changes arising from therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Clarissa Consolandi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Caredda
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Storelli
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Strohmenger
- Dental Clinic, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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63
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Muñoz-González C, Feron G, Brulé M, Canon F. Understanding the release and metabolism of aroma compounds using micro-volume saliva samples by ex vivo approaches. Food Chem 2017; 240:275-285. [PMID: 28946273 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the behaviour of key aroma compounds in the presence of human saliva (200μL) from different individuals (n=3) submitted or not to centrifugation (whole vs clarified saliva). HS-GC results showed that human saliva strongly decreased the release of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones). This effect was dependent on i) the structure of the aroma compounds and ii) the saliva composition. Whole saliva exerted a higher effect than clarified saliva on aroma compounds. Moreover, this effect was individual-dependent and related to the total protein content and the total antioxidant capacity of saliva. HS-SPME and LLE-GC/MS analyses revealed that metabolism of the compounds by salivary enzymes was involved. This observation indicates that some aroma compounds could be metabolized in the oral cavity in an individual manner, which could have implications for aroma perception (e.g., formation of new metabolites with different odor thresholds and qualities) and/or organisms' health status (e.g., compound detoxification).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muñoz-González
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Gilles Feron
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marine Brulé
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Francis Canon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Ployon S, Morzel M, Canon F. The role of saliva in aroma release and perception. Food Chem 2017; 226:212-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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65
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Araniti F, Scognamiglio M, Chambery A, Russo R, Esposito A, D'Abrosca B, Fiorentino A, Lupini A, Sunseri F, Abenavoli MR. Highlighting the effects of coumarin on adult plants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. by an integrated -omic approach. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 213:30-41. [PMID: 28315793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the allelochemical coumarin through a metabolomic, proteomic and morpho-physiological approach in Arabidopsis adult plants (25days old) were investigated. Metabolomic analysis evidenced an increment of amino acids and a high accumulation of soluble sugars, after 6days of coumarin treatment. This effect was accompanied by a strong decrease on plant fresh and dry weights, as well as on total protein content. On the contrary, coumarin did not affect leaf number but caused a reduction in leaf area. An alteration of water status was confirmed by a reduction of relative water content and an increase in leaf osmotic potential. Moreover, coumarin impaired plant bio-membranes through an increase of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content suggesting that coumarin treatment might induce oxidative stress. Coumarin reduced the effective quantum yield of the photosystem II, the energy dissipation in the form of heat, the maximum PSII efficiency, the coefficient of the photochemical quenching and the estimated electron transport rate, while it significantly stimulated the fluorescence emission and the coefficient of the non photochemical quenching. Finally, the proteomic characterization of coumarin-treated plants revealed a down-regulation of the ROS detoxifying proteins, responsible of oxidative damage and consequently of physiological cascade effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Monica Scognamiglio
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Brigida D'Abrosca
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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66
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Weiss S, Xu ZZ, Peddada S, Amir A, Bittinger K, Gonzalez A, Lozupone C, Zaneveld JR, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Birmingham A, Hyde ER, Knight R. Normalization and microbial differential abundance strategies depend upon data characteristics. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:27. [PMID: 28253908 PMCID: PMC5335496 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1027] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicon sequencing present challenges to ecological and statistical interpretation. In particular, library sizes often vary over several ranges of magnitude, and the data contains many zeros. Although we are typically interested in comparing relative abundance of taxa in the ecosystem of two or more groups, we can only measure the taxon relative abundance in specimens obtained from the ecosystems. Because the comparison of taxon relative abundance in the specimen is not equivalent to the comparison of taxon relative abundance in the ecosystems, this presents a special challenge. Second, because the relative abundance of taxa in the specimen (as well as in the ecosystem) sum to 1, these are compositional data. Because the compositional data are constrained by the simplex (sum to 1) and are not unconstrained in the Euclidean space, many standard methods of analysis are not applicable. Here, we evaluate how these challenges impact the performance of existing normalization methods and differential abundance analyses. RESULTS Effects on normalization: Most normalization methods enable successful clustering of samples according to biological origin when the groups differ substantially in their overall microbial composition. Rarefying more clearly clusters samples according to biological origin than other normalization techniques do for ordination metrics based on presence or absence. Alternate normalization measures are potentially vulnerable to artifacts due to library size. Effects on differential abundance testing: We build on a previous work to evaluate seven proposed statistical methods using rarefied as well as raw data. Our simulation studies suggest that the false discovery rates of many differential abundance-testing methods are not increased by rarefying itself, although of course rarefying results in a loss of sensitivity due to elimination of a portion of available data. For groups with large (~10×) differences in the average library size, rarefying lowers the false discovery rate. DESeq2, without addition of a constant, increased sensitivity on smaller datasets (<20 samples per group) but tends towards a higher false discovery rate with more samples, very uneven (~10×) library sizes, and/or compositional effects. For drawing inferences regarding taxon abundance in the ecosystem, analysis of composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) is not only very sensitive (for >20 samples per group) but also critically the only method tested that has a good control of false discovery rate. CONCLUSIONS These findings guide which normalization and differential abundance techniques to use based on the data characteristics of a given study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Weiss
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Zech Xu
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0763, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amnon Amir
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0763, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 18014, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0763, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Jesse R Zaneveld
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Embriette R Hyde
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0763, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0763, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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67
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Long J, Cai Q, Steinwandel M, Hargreaves MK, Bordenstein SR, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Shu XO. Association of oral microbiome with type 2 diabetes risk. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:636-643. [PMID: 28177125 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The oral microbiome may help to maintain systemic health, including how it affects blood glucose levels; however, direct evidence linking the oral microbiome with diabetes is lacking. MATERIAL AND METHODS We compared the oral microbiome profiles of 98 participants with incident diabetes, 99 obese non-diabetics and 97 normal weight non-diabetics, via deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS We found that the phylum Actinobacteria was present significantly less abundant among patients with diabetes than among the controls (p = 3.9 × 10-3 ); the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.27 (0.11-0.66) for those individuals who had relative abundance higher than the median value. Within this phylum, five families and seven genera were observed, and most of them were less abundant among patients with diabetes. Notably, genera Actinomyces and Atopobium were associated with 66% and 72% decreased risk of diabetes with p-values of 8.9 × 10-3 and 7.4 × 10-3 , respectively. Stratified analyses by race showed that most taxa in this phylum were associated with diabetes in both black and white participants. This phylum was also less abundant among non-diabetic obese subjects compared to normal weight individuals, particularly genera Mobiluncus, Corynebacterium and Bifidobacterium, which showed p < 0.05. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that multiple bacteria taxa in the phylum Actinobacteria are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Some are also associated with the prevalence of obesity, suggesting that the oral microbiome may play an important role in diabetes etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Q Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Steinwandel
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M K Hargreaves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S R Bordenstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W J Blot
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - X O Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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68
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Guichard E, Repoux M, Qannari EM, Laboure H, Feron G. Model cheese aroma perception is explained not only by in vivo aroma release but also by salivary composition and oral processing parameters. Food Funct 2017; 8:615-628. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01472k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to determine, from four model cheeses differing in fat content and firmness, the respective impacts ofin vivoaroma release, bolus rheology, chewing activity, mouth coating and salivary composition on dynamic aroma perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Guichard
- UMR CSGA (Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation): INRA
- CNRS
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comte
- AgroSupDijon
- F-21000 Dijon
| | - M. Repoux
- UMR CSGA (Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation): INRA
- CNRS
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comte
- AgroSupDijon
- F-21000 Dijon
| | - E. M. Qannari
- LUNAM University
- ONIRIS
- USC “Sensometrics and Chemometrics Laboratory”
- Nantes
- France
| | - H. Laboure
- UMR CSGA (Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation): INRA
- CNRS
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comte
- AgroSupDijon
- F-21000 Dijon
| | - G. Feron
- UMR CSGA (Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation): INRA
- CNRS
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comte
- AgroSupDijon
- F-21000 Dijon
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69
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De Angelis M, Vannini L, Di Cagno R, Cavallo N, Minervini F, Francavilla R, Ercolini D, Gobbetti M. Salivary and fecal microbiota and metabolome of celiac children under gluten-free diet. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 239:125-132. [PMID: 27452636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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70
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Fourie NH, Wang D, Abey SK, Sherwin LB, Joseph PV, Rahim-Williams B, Ferguson EG, Henderson WA. The microbiome of the oral mucosa in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:286-301. [PMID: 26963804 PMCID: PMC4988452 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1162363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a poorly understood disorder characterized by persistent symptoms, including visceral pain. Studies have demonstrated oral microbiome differences in inflammatory bowel diseases suggesting the potential of the oral microbiome in the study of non-oral conditions. In this exploratory study we examine whether differences exist in the oral microbiome of IBS participants and healthy controls, and whether the oral microbiome relates to symptom severity. The oral buccal mucosal microbiome of 38 participants was characterized using PhyloChip microarrays. The severity of visceral pain was assessed by orally administering a gastrointestinal test solution. Participants self-reported their induced visceral pain. Pain severity was highest in IBS participants (P = 0.0002), particularly IBS-overweight participants (P = 0.02), and was robustly correlated to the abundance of 60 OTUs, 4 genera, 5 families and 4 orders of bacteria (r2 > 0.4, P < 0.001). IBS-overweight participants showed decreased richness in the phylum Bacteroidetes (P = 0.007) and the genus Bacillus (P = 0.008). Analysis of β-diversity found significant separation of the IBS-overweight group (P < 0.05). Our oral microbial results are concordant with described fecal and colonic microbiome-IBS and -weight associations. Having IBS and being overweight, rather than IBS-subtypes, was the most important factor in describing the severity of visceral pain and variation in the microbiome. Pain severity was strongly correlated to the abundance of many taxa, suggesting the potential of the oral microbiome in diagnosis and patient phenotyping. The oral microbiome has potential as a source of microbial information in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas H. Fourie
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah K. Abey
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - LeeAnne B. Sherwin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bridgett Rahim-Williams
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric G. Ferguson
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy A. Henderson
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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71
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Bacterial diversity in saliva and oral health-related conditions: the Hisayama Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22164. [PMID: 26907866 PMCID: PMC4764907 DOI: 10.1038/srep22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This population-based study determined the salivary microbiota composition of 2,343 adult residents of Hisayama town, Japan, using 16S rRNA gene next-generation high-throughput sequencing. Of 550 identified species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 72 were common, in ≥75% of all individuals, as well as in ≥75% of the individuals in the lowest quintile of phylogenetic diversity (PD). These “core” OTUs constituted 90.9 ± 6.1% of each microbiome. The relative abundance profiles of 22 of the core OTUs with mean relative abundances ≥1% were stratified into community type I and community type II by partitioning around medoids clustering. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a lower PD was associated with better conditions for oral health, including a lower plaque index, absence of decayed teeth, less gingival bleeding, shallower periodontal pockets and not smoking, and was also associated with tooth loss. By contrast, multiple Poisson regression analysis demonstrated that community type II, as characterized by a higher ratio of the nine dominant core OTUs, including Neisseria flavescens, was implicated in younger age, lower body mass index, fewer teeth with caries experience, and not smoking. Our large-scale data analyses reveal variation in the salivary microbiome among Japanese adults and oral health-related conditions associated with the salivary microbiome.
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72
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Hartman ML, Goodson JM, Shi P, Vargas J, Yaskell T, Stephens D, Cugini M, Hasturk H, Barake R, Alsmadi O, Al-Mutawa S, Ariga J, Soparkar P, Behbehani J, Behbehani K, Welty F. Unhealthy Phenotype as Indicated by Salivary Biomarkers: Glucose, Insulin, VEGF-A, and IL-12p70 in Obese Kuwaiti Adolescents. J Obes 2016; 2016:6860240. [PMID: 27069678 PMCID: PMC4812454 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6860240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the relationships between obesity and the salivary concentrations of insulin, glucose, and 20 metabolic biomarkers in Kuwaiti adolescents. Previously, we have shown that certain salivary metabolic markers can act as surrogates for blood concentrations. METHODS Salivary samples of whole saliva were collected from 8,317 adolescents. Salivary glucose concentration was measured by a high-sensitivity glucose oxidase method implemented on a robotic chemical analyzer. The concentration of salivary insulin and 20 other metabolic biomarkers was assayed in 744 randomly selected saliva samples by multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. RESULTS Obesity was seen in 26.5% of the adolescents. Salivary insulin predicting hyperinsulinemia occurred in 4.3% of normal-weight adolescents, 8.3% of overweight adolescents, and 25.7% of obese adolescents (p < 0.0001). Salivary glucose predicting hyperglycemia was found in only 3% of obese children and was not predictive (p = 0.89). Elevated salivary glucose and insulin occurring together was associated with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor and reduced salivary interleukin-12. CONCLUSION Considering the surrogate nature of salivary insulin and glucose, this study suggests that elevated insulin may be a dominant sign of metabolic disease in adolescent populations. It also appears that a proangiogenic environment may accompany elevated glucose in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor-Li Hartman
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- *Mor-Li Hartman:
| | - J. Max Goodson
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jorel Vargas
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tina Yaskell
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Danielle Stephens
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maryann Cugini
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Roula Barake
- Department of Nutrition, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462 Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Osama Alsmadi
- Genome Center, The Dasman Diabetes Institute, 15462 Dasman, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Pramod Soparkar
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jawad Behbehani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, 13060 Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Francine Welty
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Ercolini D, Francavilla R, Vannini L, De Filippis F, Capriati T, Di Cagno R, Iacono G, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M. From an imbalance to a new imbalance: Italian-style gluten-free diet alters the salivary microbiota and metabolome of African celiac children. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18571. [PMID: 26681599 PMCID: PMC4683525 DOI: 10.1038/srep18571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourteen Saharawi celiac children following an African-style gluten-free diet for at least two years were subjected to a change of diet to an Italian-style gluten-free diet for 60 days. Significant differences were identified in the salivary microbiota and metabolome when Saharawi celiac children switched from African- to Italian-style dietary habits. An Italian-style gluten-free diet caused increases in the abundance of Granulicatella, Porphyromonas and Neisseria and decreases in Clostridium, Prevotella and Veillonella, altering the ‘salivary type’ of the individuals. Furthermore, operational taxonomic unit co-occurrence/exclusion patterns indicated that the initial equilibrium of co-occurring microbial species was perturbed by a change in diet: the microbial diversity was reduced, with a few species out-competing the previously established microbiota and becoming dominant. Analysis of predicted metagenomes revealed a remarkable change in the metabolic potential of the microbiota following the diet change, with increased potential for amino acid, vitamin and co-factor metabolism. High concentrations of acetone and 2-butanone during treatment with the Italian-style gluten-free diet suggested metabolic dysfunction in the Saharawi celiac children. The findings of this study support the need for a translational medicine pipeline to examine interactions between food and microbiota when evaluating human development, nutritional needs and the impact and consequences of westernisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Lucia Vannini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40121, Italy.,Inter-departmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Cesena, Cesena, 47521, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Teresa Capriati
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Di Cristina Children's Hospital, Palermo, 90134, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iacono
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Di Cristina Children's Hospital, Palermo, 90134, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70126, Italy
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75
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Lamy E, Simões C, Rodrigues L, Costa AR, Vitorino R, Amado F, Antunes C, do Carmo I. Changes in the salivary protein profile of morbidly obese women either previously subjected to bariatric surgery or not. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:691-702. [PMID: 26399515 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is a non-invasive source of biomarkers useful in the study of physiological mechanisms. Moreover, this fluid has diverse functions, among which food perception and ingestion, making it particularly suitable for the study of obesity. The aims of this study were to assess changes in salivary proteome among morbidly obese women, with a view to provide information about mechanisms potentially related to the development of obesity, and to evaluate whether these changes persist after weight loss. Mixed saliva samples from morbidly obese women (N = 18) who had been either subjected (group O-BS) or not (group O) to bariatric surgery and women with normal weight (N = 14; group C) were compared for protein profiles, alpha-amylase abundance and enzymatic activity, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) VI abundance. Differences in salivary obese profiles were observed for 23 different spots. Zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein-containing spots showed higher abundance in group O only, whereas cystatin S-containing spots presented higher abundance in the two groups of obese subjects. Most of the spots identified as salivary amylase were present at lower levels in group O-BS. With regard to the amylase enzymatic activity, increases were observed for group O and decreases for group O-BS. One interesting finding was the high correlation between levels of CA VI and body mass index in group O, which was not observed for groups O-BS or C. The differences between groups, mainly regarding salivary proteins involved in taste sensitivity and metabolism, point to the potential of using saliva in the study of obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Lamy
- ICAAM (Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas), Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Carla Simões
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Lénia Rodrigues
- ICAAM (Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas), Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Rodrigues Costa
- ICAAM (Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas), Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal.,Departamento de Química, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- QOPNA (Química Orgânica Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,iBiMED, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA (Química Orgânica Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Célia Antunes
- ICAAM (Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas), Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal.,Departamento de Química, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.,CNC (Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel do Carmo
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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76
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Méjean C, Morzel M, Neyraud E, Issanchou S, Martin C, Bozonnet S, Urbano C, Schlich P, Hercberg S, Péneau S, Feron G. Salivary Composition Is Associated with Liking and Usual Nutrient Intake. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137473. [PMID: 26340090 PMCID: PMC4560437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary flow and composition have an impact on flavor perception. However, very few studies have explored the relationship between saliva, individual liking and usual dietary intake. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of salivary flow and composition with both a liking for fat, saltiness and sweetness and the usual nutrient intake in an adult French population. Liking for fat, saltiness, and sweetness were inferred from liking scores obtained during hedonic tests on 32 food products among 282 French adults participating in the Nutrinet-Santé Study. Before assessing liking, resting saliva was collected. Standard biochemical analyses were performed to assess specific component concentrations and enzymatic activities. Dietary data were collected using three web-based 24h records. Relationships between salivary flow and composition, sensory liking and nutrient intake were assessed using linear regression. Total antioxidant capacity was positively associated with simple carbohydrate intake (β = 31.3, 95% CI = 1.58; 60.99) and inversely related to complex carbohydrate consumption (β = -52.4, 95% CI = -87.51; -19.71). Amylolysis was positively associated with both total (β = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.01; 0.38) and simple carbohydrate intake (β = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.01; 0.39). Salivary flow was positively associated with liking for fat (β = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03; 0.25). Proteolysis was positively associated with liking for saltiness and for fat (β = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.02; 0.59; β = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.01; 0.56, respectively). Amylolysis was inversely associated with liking for sweetness (β = -10.13, 95% CI = -19.51; -0.75). Carbonic anhydrase 6 was inversely associated with liking for saltiness (β = -46.77, 95% CI = -86.24; -7.30). Saliva does not substantially vary according to a usual diet, except for carbohydrate intake, whereas the specific association between salivary flow/composition and sensory liking suggests the influence of saliva characteristics in food acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Méjean
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d’Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 5, Université Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Martine Morzel
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Eric Neyraud
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Issanchou
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Martin
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Bozonnet
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS, INP; LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Urbano
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pascal Schlich
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d’Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 5, Université Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
- Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93300 Bobigny, France
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d’Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Nord, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 5, Université Paris 7, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Gilles Feron
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Vors C, Drai J, Gabert L, Pineau G, Laville M, Vidal H, Guichard E, Michalski MC, Feron G. Salivary composition in obese vs normal-weight subjects: towards a role in postprandial lipid metabolism? Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1425-8. [PMID: 25916910 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the pathophysiological context of obesity, oral exposure to dietary fat can modulate lipid digestion and absorption, but underlying in-mouth mechanisms have not been clearly identified. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that salivary components related to dietary fat sensitivity would differ according to body mass index (BMI) and postprandial lipid metabolism in young men. Saliva was collected from nine normal-weight (BMI=22.3±0.5 kg m(-2)) and nine non-morbid obese (BMI=31.7±0.3 kg m(-2)) men before an 8-h postprandial metabolic exploration test involving the consumption of a 40-g fat meal, in which obese subjects revealed a delayed postprandial lipid metabolism. Nine salivary characteristics (flow, protein content, lipolysis, amylase, proteolysis, total antioxidant status, lysozyme, lipocalin 1 and carbonic anhydrase-VI) were investigated. We show that, under fasting conditions, salivary lipolysis was lower in obese vs normal-weight subjects, whereas proteolysis and carbonic anhydrase VI were higher. We reveal through multivariate and Mann-Whitney analysis that differences in fasting salivary lipolysis and proteolysis between both groups are related to differences in postprandial lipid metabolism including exogenous fatty-acid absorption and β-oxidation. These results suggest a potential role of salivary composition on postprandial lipid metabolism and bring novel causal hypotheses on the links between salivary composition, sensitivity to dietary fat oral income and postprandial lipid metabolism according to BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vors
- INRA, UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, Univ Lyon-1, Oullins, France.,INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Oullins, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA) and Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - J Drai
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - L Gabert
- INRA, UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, Univ Lyon-1, Oullins, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA) and Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - G Pineau
- INRA, UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France.,INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Laville
- INRA, UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, Univ Lyon-1, Oullins, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA) and Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - H Vidal
- INRA, UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, Univ Lyon-1, Oullins, France.,INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Oullins, France
| | - E Guichard
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - M-C Michalski
- INRA, UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, Univ Lyon-1, Oullins, France.,INRA, UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France.,INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA) and Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - G Feron
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France
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Muñoz-González C, Cueva C, Ángeles Pozo-Bayón M, Victoria Moreno-Arribas M. Ability of human oral microbiota to produce wine odorant aglycones from odourless grape glycosidic aroma precursors. Food Chem 2015; 187:112-9. [PMID: 25977005 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grape aroma precursors are odourless glycosides that represent a natural reservoir of potential active odorant molecules in wines. Since the first step of wine consumption starts in the oral cavity, the processing of these compounds in the mouth could be an important factor in influencing aroma perception. Therefore, the objective of this work has been to evaluate the ability of human oral microbiota to produce wine odorant aglycones from odourless grape glycosidic aroma precursors previously isolated from white grapes. To do so, two methodological approaches involving the use of typical oral bacteria or the whole oral microbiota isolated from human saliva were followed. Odorant aglycones released in the culture mediums were isolated and analysed by HS-SPME-GC/MS. Results showed the ability of oral bacteria to hydrolyse grape aroma precursors, releasing different types of odorant molecules (terpenes, benzenic compounds and lipid derivatives). The hydrolytic activity seemed to be bacteria-dependent and was subject to large inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muñoz-González
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Cueva
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Pozo-Bayón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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79
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Vitaglione P, Mennella I, Ferracane R, Rivellese AA, Giacco R, Ercolini D, Gibbons SM, La Storia A, Gilbert JA, Jonnalagadda S, Thielecke F, Gallo MA, Scalfi L, Fogliano V. Whole-grain wheat consumption reduces inflammation in a randomized controlled trial on overweight and obese subjects with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors: role of polyphenols bound to cereal dietary fiber. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:251-61. [PMID: 25646321 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiology associates whole-grain (WG) consumption with several health benefits. Mounting evidence suggests that WG wheat polyphenols play a role in mechanisms underlying health benefits. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess circulating concentration, excretion, and the physiologic role of WG wheat polyphenols in subjects with suboptimal dietary and lifestyle behaviors. DESIGN A placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized trial with 80 healthy overweight/obese subjects with low intake of fruit and vegetables and sedentary lifestyle was performed. Participants replaced precise portions of refined wheat (RW) with a fixed amount of selected WG wheat or RW products for 8 wk. At baseline and every 4 wk, blood, urine, feces, and anthropometric and body composition measures were collected. Profiles of phenolic acids in biological samples, plasma markers of metabolic disease and inflammation, and fecal microbiota composition were assessed. RESULTS WG consumption for 4-8 wk determined a 4-fold increase in serum dihydroferulic acid (DHFA) and a 2-fold increase in fecal ferulic acid (FA) compared with RW consumption (no changes). Similarly, urinary FA at 8 wk doubled the baseline concentration only in WG subjects. Concomitant reduction in plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) after 8 wk and increased interleukin (IL)-10 only after 4 wk with WG compared with RW (P = 0.04) were observed. No significant change in plasma metabolic disease markers over the study period was observed, but a trend toward lower plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 with higher excretion of FA and DHFA in the WG group was found. Fecal FA was associated with baseline low Bifidobacteriales and Bacteroidetes abundances, whereas after WG consumption, it correlated with increased Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes but reduced Clostridium. TNF-α reduction correlated with increased Bacteroides and Lactobacillus. No effect of dietary interventions on anthropometric measurements and body composition was found. CONCLUSIONS WG wheat consumption significantly increased excreted FA and circulating DHFA. Bacterial communities influenced fecal FA and were modified by WG wheat consumption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01293175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vitaglione
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Ilario Mennella
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Rosalia Ferracane
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Sean M Gibbons
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Antonietta La Storia
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Satya Jonnalagadda
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Frank Thielecke
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Maria A Gallo
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Luca Scalfi
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- From the Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples "Federico II," Portici (NA), Italy (PV, IM, RF, DE, ALS, and VF); the Departments of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (AAR) and Public Health (LS), University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli, Italy; Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy (RG); Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (SMG) and Department of Ecology and Evolution (JAG), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (SMG and JAG); General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN (SJ); Cereal Partners Worldwide S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland (FT); and Centro Diagnostico San Ciro, Portici, Italy (MAG)
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Nigro E, Piombino P, Scudiero O, Monaco ML, Schettino P, Chambery A, Daniele A. Evaluation of salivary adiponectin profile in obese patients. Peptides 2015; 63:150-5. [PMID: 25481860 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease significantly risen worldwide, especially among children. Adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue, are hormones involved in various cellular processes such as energy metabolism and inflammation. Among the others, adiponectin is gaining increasing interest for its insulin-sentitizing, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. This adipokine undergoes different post-translational modifications, after which it circulates as oligomers of high, medium and low molecular weight (HMW, MMW, LMW); HMW are the most biologically active oligomers. Serum adiponectin levels as well as the amount of its oligomers are inversely correlated to BMI and closely associated with obesity and related diseases. In this study, we analyzed total adiponectin expression and its oligomeric profile in saliva samples from 27 obese compared to 27 age- and sex-matched controls. Moreover, we compared adiponectin oligomerization between serum and saliva samples. The analysis of the different adiponectin oligomers reveals a slightly higher expression of total, HMW and LMW salivary adiponectin in obese patients compared to controls. Finally, FPLC analysis evidenced that HMW oligomers in saliva have a higher molecular weight than in serum confirming the presence of more complex oligomers in saliva, previously identified as super HMW (S-HMW). Saliva is considered a potential source of novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of metabolic disorders. The assessment of total adiponectin and its oligomeric profiles in saliva samples may represent a promising biological marker for the analysis of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - P Piombino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Portici, Italy
| | - O Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - M L Monaco
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - P Schettino
- Divisione di Oncologia Chirurgica, "F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara" Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Clinica e Sperimentale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - A Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Bajaj JS, Cox IJ, Betrapally NS, Heuman DM, Schubert ML, Ratneswaran M, Hylemon PB, White MB, Daita K, Noble NA, Sikaroodi M, Williams R, Crossey MME, Taylor-Robinson SD, Gillevet PM. Systems biology analysis of omeprazole therapy in cirrhosis demonstrates significant shifts in gut microbiota composition and function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G951-7. [PMID: 25258407 PMCID: PMC4233285 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00268.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been associated with infectious complications in cirrhosis, but their impact on distal gut microbiota composition and function is unclear. We aimed to evaluate changes in stool microbiota composition and function in patients with cirrhosis and healthy controls after omeprazole therapy. Both 15 compensated cirrhotic patients and 15 age-matched controls underwent serum gastrin measurement, stool microbiota profiling with multitagged pyrosequencing, and urinary metabolic profiling with NMR spectroscopy to assess microbial cometabolites before/after a 14-day course of 40 mg/day omeprazole under constant diet conditions. Results before (pre) and after PPI were compared in both groups, compared with baseline by systems biology techniques. Adherence was >95% without changes in diet or MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) score during the study. Serum gastrin concentrations significantly increased after PPI in cirrhosis (pre 38.3 ± 35.8 vs. 115.6 ± 79.3 pg/ml P < 0.0001) and controls (pre 29.9 ± 14.5 vs. 116.0 ± 74.0 pg/ml, P = 0.001). A significant microbiota change was seen in both controls and cirrhosis after omeprazole (QIIME P < 0.0001). Relative Streptococcaceae abundance, normally abundant in saliva, significantly increased postomeprazole in controls (1 vs. 5%) and cirrhosis (0 vs. 9%) and was correlated with serum gastrin levels (r = 0.4, P = 0.005). We found significantly reduced hippurate in cirrhosis vs. controls both pre- and postomeprazole and increased lactate in both groups post vs. preomeprazole, whereas dimethylamine (DMA) decreased in cirrhosis only. On correlation network analysis, significant changes in linkages of bacteria with metabolites (hippurate/DMA/lactate) were found postomeprazole, compared with pre-PPI in cirrhosis patients. In conclusion, omeprazole is associated with a microbiota shift and functional change in the distal gut in patients with compensated cirrhosis that could set the stage for bacterial overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmohan S. Bajaj
- 1Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McGuire VA Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - I. Jane Cox
- 2Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Naga S. Betrapally
- 3Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia;
| | - Douglas M. Heuman
- 1Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McGuire VA Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Mitchell L. Schubert
- 1Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McGuire VA Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;
| | | | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- 5Microbiology, McGuire VA Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Melanie B. White
- 1Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McGuire VA Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Kalyani Daita
- 1Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McGuire VA Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Nicole A. Noble
- 1Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McGuire VA Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Masoumeh Sikaroodi
- 3Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia;
| | - Roger Williams
- 2Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Mary M. E. Crossey
- 4Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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82
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De Filippis F, Vannini L, La Storia A, Laghi L, Piombino P, Stellato G, Serrazanetti DI, Gozzi G, Turroni S, Ferrocino I, Lazzi C, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M, Ercolini D. The same microbiota and a potentially discriminant metabolome in the saliva of omnivore, ovo-lacto-vegetarian and Vegan individuals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112373. [PMID: 25372853 PMCID: PMC4221475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary microbiota has been linked to both oral and non-oral diseases. Scant knowledge is available on the effect of environmental factors such as long-term dietary choices on the salivary microbiota and metabolome. This study analyzed the microbial diversity and metabolomic profiles of the saliva of 161 healthy individuals who followed an omnivore or ovo-lacto-vegetarian or vegan diet. A large core microbiota was identified, including 12 bacterial genera, found in >98% of the individuals. The subjects could be stratified into three “salivary types” that differed on the basis of the relative abundance of the core genera Prevotella, Streptococcus/Gemella and Fusobacterium/Neisseria. Statistical analysis indicated no effect of dietary habit on the salivary microbiota. Phylogenetic beta-diversity analysis consistently showed no differences between omnivore, ovo-lacto-vegetarian and vegan individuals. Metabolomic profiling of saliva using 1H-NMR and GC-MS/SPME identified diet-related biomarkers that enabled a significant discrimination between the 3 groups of individuals on the basis of their diet. Formate, urea, uridine and 5-methyl-3-hexanone could discriminate samples from omnivores, whereas 1-propanol, hexanoic acid and proline were characteristic of non-omnivore diets. Although the salivary metabolome can be discriminating for diet, the microbiota has a remarkable inter-individual stability and did not vary with dietary habits. Microbial homeostasis might be perturbed with sub-standard oral hygiene or other environmental factors, but there is no current indication that a choice of an omnivore, ovo-lacto-vegetarian or vegan diet can lead to a specific composition of the oral microbiota with consequences on the oral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Lucia Vannini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonietta La Storia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Paola Piombino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Stellato
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Diana I. Serrazanetti
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Camilla Lazzi
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- * E-mail:
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83
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Pagès-Hélary S, Andriot I, Guichard E, Canon F. Retention effect of human saliva on aroma release and respective contribution of salivary mucin and α-amylase. Food Res Int 2014; 64:424-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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84
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Gilbert JA, Jansson JK, Knight R. The Earth Microbiome project: successes and aspirations. BMC Biol 2014; 12:69. [PMID: 25184604 PMCID: PMC4141107 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-014-0069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Gilbert
- />Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
- />Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- />College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Janet K Jansson
- />Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, MSIN: J4-18, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Rob Knight
- />Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
- />Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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85
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Salivary microbiota and metabolome associated with celiac disease. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:3416-25. [PMID: 24657864 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00362-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the salivary microbiota and metabolome of 13 children with celiac disease (CD) under a gluten-free diet (treated celiac disease [T-CD]). The same number of healthy children (HC) was used as controls. The salivary microbiota was analyzed by an integrated approach using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Metabolome analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-solid-phase microextraction. Compared to HC, the number of some cultivable bacterial groups (e.g., total anaerobes) significantly (P < 0.05) differed in the saliva samples of the T-CD children. As shown by community-level catabolic profiles, the highest Shannon's diversity and substrate richness were found in HC. Pyrosequencing data showed the highest richness estimator and diversity index values for HC. Levels of Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, and Streptococcus sanguinis were highest for the T-CD children. Streptococcus thermophilus levels were markedly decreased in T-CD children. The saliva of T-CD children showed the largest amount of Bacteroidetes (e.g., Porphyromonas sp., Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Prevotella nanceiensis), together with the smallest amount of Actinobacteria. T-CD children were also characterized by decreased levels of some Actinomyces species, Atopobium species, and Corynebacterium durum. Rothia mucilaginosa was the only Actinobacteria species found at the highest level in T-CD children. As shown by multivariate statistical analyses, the levels of organic volatile compounds markedly differentiated T-CD children. Some compounds (e.g., ethyl-acetate, nonanal, and 2-hexanone) were found to be associated with T-CD children. Correlations (false discovery rate [FDR], <0.05) were found between the relative abundances of bacteria and some volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The findings of this study indicated that CD is associated with oral dysbiosis that could affect the oral metabolome.
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