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Melnik BC, Kakulas F, Geddes DT, Hartmann PE, John SM, Carrera-Bastos P, Cordain L, Schmitz G. Milk miRNAs: simple nutrients or systemic functional regulators? Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:42. [PMID: 27330539 PMCID: PMC4915038 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is rich in miRNAs that appear to play important roles in the postnatal development of all mammals. Currently, two competing hypotheses exist: the functional hypothesis, which proposes that milk miRNAs are transferred to the offspring and exert physiological regulatory functions, and the nutritional hypothesis, which suggests that these molecules do not reach the systemic circulation of the milk recipient, but merely provide nutrition without conferring active regulatory signals to the offspring. The functional hypothesis is based on indirect evidence and requires further investigation. The nutritional hypothesis is primarily based on three mouse models, which are inherently problematic: 1) miRNA-375 KO mice, 2) miRNA-200c/141 KO mice, and 3) transgenic mice presenting high levels of miRNA-30b in milk. This article presents circumstantial evidence that these mouse models may all be inappropriate to study the physiological traffic of milk miRNAs to the newborn mammal, and calls for new studies using more relevant mouse models or human milk to address the fate and role of milk miRNAs in the offspring and the adult consumer of cow's milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Foteini Kakulas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Peter E Hartmann
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Loren Cordain
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinics of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Human Milk Cells Contain Numerous miRNAs that May Change with Milk Removal and Regulate Multiple Physiological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060956. [PMID: 27322254 PMCID: PMC4926489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is a complex biofluid conferring nutritional, protective and developmental components for optimal infant growth. Amongst these are maternal cells, which change in response to feeding and were recently shown to be a rich source of miRNAs. We used next generation sequencing to characterize the cellular miRNA profile of HM collected before and after feeding. HM cells conserved higher miRNA content than the lipid and skim HM fractions or other body fluids, in accordance with previous studies. In total, 1467 known mature and 1996 novel miRNAs were identified, with 89 high-confidence novel miRNAs. HM cell content was higher post-feeding (p < 0.05), and was positively associated with total miRNA content (p = 0.014) and species number (p < 0.001). This coincided with upregulation of 29 known and 2 novel miRNAs, and downregulation of 4 known and 1 novel miRNAs post-feeding, but no statistically significant change in expression was found for the remaining miRNAs. These findings suggest that feeding may influence the miRNA content of HM cells. The most highly and differentially expressed miRNAs were key regulators of milk components, with potential diagnostic value in lactation performance. They are also involved in the control of body fluid balance, thirst, appetite, immune response, and development, implicating their functional significance for the infant.
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Title A, Denzler R, Stoffel M. Reply to Diet-responsive MicroRNAs Are Likely Exogenous. J Biol Chem 2016; 290:25198. [PMID: 26462297 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.l115.688358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Title
- Institute of Molecular Health Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich), Otto-Stern Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Remy Denzler
- Institute of Molecular Health Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich), Otto-Stern Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich), Otto-Stern Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Zempleni J, Baier SR, Hirschi K. Diet-responsive MicroRNAs Are Likely Exogenous. J Biol Chem 2016; 290:25197. [PMID: 26453700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.l115.687830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0806 and
| | - Scott R Baier
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0806 and
| | - Kendal Hirschi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Villard A, Marchand L, Thivolet C, Rome S. Diagnostic Value of Cell-free Circulating MicroRNAs for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 27308097 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9929.1000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. Because of population aging and increasing trends toward obesity and sedentary lifestyles, the number of affected individuals is increasing at worrisome rates. While both environmental and genetic factors are known to contribute to the development of T2DM, continuous research is needed to identify specific biomarkers that could aid both in prevention of the disease and development of newer therapeutic options. Circulating miRNAs are considered as potential biomarkers because they are stable and resistant to degradation by blood RNAses and are modified under different pathophysiological conditions. In this study we carried out a systematic electronic search on PubMed to retrieve all articles that have investigated circulating miRNAs for diagnosing obesity andT2DM in human. We also included lifestyle intervention studies known to be highly effective in delaying onset of diabetes, and studies analyzing the effect of bariatric surgery and anti-diabetic treatment. A total of 26 studies were enrolled in the global meta-analysis. Candidate miRNAs were defined as those reported in at least 2 studies with same direction of differential expression. Ten miRNAs altered in blood of patients suffering fromT2DM were identified (increased: miR-320a, miR-142-3p, miR-222, miR-29a, miR-27a, miR-375; decreased: miR-197, miR-20b, miR-17, miR-652) and 7 miRNAs in blood of obese subjects were identified (increased: miR-142-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-222; decreased:miR-21-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-125-5p, mir-103-5p). Both obese and T2DM patients had elevated concentrations of miR-142-3p and miR-222. MiRNAs target genes were predicted and their cellular functions are discussed in relation with the pathologies. Although a significant number of studies were taken into account in this review, we found a strong discrepancy between miRNA detection and quantification indicating that many of pre-analytical variables have yet to be normalized. Pre-analytical and analytical challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Villard
- CarMen laboratory (UMR INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France
| | - Lucien Marchand
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Endocrinologie Diabète Nutrition, Lyon, France
| | - Charles Thivolet
- CarMen laboratory (UMR INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Endocrinologie Diabète Nutrition, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Rome
- CarMen laboratory (UMR INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France
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Lugli G, Cohen AM, Bennett DA, Shah RC, Fields CJ, Hernandez AG, Smalheiser NR. Plasma Exosomal miRNAs in Persons with and without Alzheimer Disease: Altered Expression and Prospects for Biomarkers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139233. [PMID: 26426747 PMCID: PMC4591334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the value of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD), the expression of microRNAs was measured in a plasma fraction enriched in exosomes by differential centrifugation, using Illumina deep sequencing. Samples from 35 persons with a clinical diagnosis of AD dementia were compared to 35 age and sex matched controls. Although these samples contained less than 0.1 microgram of total RNA, deep sequencing gave reliable and informative results. Twenty miRNAs showed significant differences in the AD group in initial screening (miR-23b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-139-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-152-3p, miR-185-5p, miR-338-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-342-5p, miR-548at-5p, miR-659-5p, miR-3065-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-3916, miR-4772-3p, miR-5001-3p), many of which satisfied additional biological and statistical criteria, and among which a panel of seven miRNAs were highly informative in a machine learning model for predicting AD status of individual samples with 83–89% accuracy. This performance is not due to over-fitting, because a) we used separate samples for training and testing, and b) similar performance was achieved when tested on technical replicate data. Perhaps the most interesting single miRNA was miR-342-3p, which was a) expressed in the AD group at about 60% of control levels, b) highly correlated with several of the other miRNAs that were significantly down-regulated in AD, and c) was also reported to be down-regulated in AD in two previous studies. The findings warrant replication and follow-up with a larger cohort of patients and controls who have been carefully characterized in terms of cognitive and imaging data, other biomarkers (e.g., CSF amyloid and tau levels) and risk factors (e.g., apoE4 status), and who are sampled repeatedly over time. Integrating miRNA expression data with other data is likely to provide informative and robust biomarkers in Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lugli
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Cohen
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Neil R. Smalheiser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang J, Farmer LM, Agyekum AAA, Elbaz-Younes I, Hirschi KD. Detection of an Abundant Plant-Based Small RNA in Healthy Consumers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137516. [PMID: 26335106 PMCID: PMC4559308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of delivery of plant small RNAs to consumers must be investigated in order to harness this technology to positively impact biotechnology. Two groups have used honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) feeding regimes to detect a plant-based small RNA, termed MIR2911, in sera. Meanwhile, numerous groups have failed to detect dietary plant-based small RNAs in consumers. Here we catalog levels of MIR2911 in different herbs, and suggest that in particular herb MIR2911 levels are elevated. Feeding these different herb-based diets to mice, we found MIR2911 levels in the sera and urine were associated with dietary intake levels. Abundance was not the sole determinate of apparent RNA bioavailability, as gavage-feeding large-doses of synthetic MIR2911 permitted only small transient increases in serum levels. Dietary MIR2911 were not modified in circulation by association with the host’s RNA-induced silencing complex, as the RNA did not co-immunoprecipitate with AGO2. The stability of dietary MIR2911 in circulation differed from synthesized small RNAs, as tail vein administration of various synthetic plant-based small RNAs resulted in rapid clearance. However, synthetic MIR2911 appeared to be more stable than the other plant miRNAs tested. Notably, this uptake of dietary MIR2911 was not related to perturbations in the host’s microbiome or gut permeability. We suggest dietary uptake of MIR2911 is commonplace in healthy consumers, and reproducible detection of plant-based small RNAs in consumers depends on dietary abundance, RNA stability and digestion from within the food-matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Farmer
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Abia A. A. Agyekum
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ismail Elbaz-Younes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kendal D. Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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