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Chen S, Zhang D, Augustinos A, Doudoumis V, Bel Mokhtar N, Maiga H, Tsiamis G, Bourtzis K. Multiple Factors Determine the Structure of Bacterial Communities Associated With Aedes albopictus Under Artificial Rearing Conditions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:605. [PMID: 32351473 PMCID: PMC7176356 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect symbionts are major manipulators of host’s behavior. Their effect on parameters such as fecundity, male mating competitiveness, and biological quality in general, can have a major influence on the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique (SIT). SIT is currently being developed and applied against human disease vectors, including Ae. albopictus, as an environment-friendly method of population suppression, therefore there is a renewed interest on both the characterization of gut microbiota and their exploitation in artificial rearing. In the present study, bacterial communities of eggs, larvae, and adults (both males and females) of artificially reared Ae. albopictus, were characterized using both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Mosquito-associated bacteria corresponding to thirteen and five bacteria genera were isolated from the larval food and the sugar solution (adult food), respectively. The symbiont community of the females was affected by the provision of a blood meal. Pseudomonas and Enterobacter were either introduced or enhanced with the blood meal, whereas Serratia were relatively stable during the adult stage of females. Maintenance of these taxa in female guts is probably related with blood digestion. Gut-associated microbiota of males and females were different, starting early after emergence and continuing in older stages. Our results indicate that eggs contained bacteria from more than fifteen genera including Bacillus, Chryseobacterium, and Escherichia–Shigella, which were also main components of gut microbiota of female adults before and after blood feeding, indicating potential transmission among generations. Our results provided a thorough study of the egg- and gut-associated bacteria of artificially reared Ae. albopictus, which can be important for further studies using probiotic bacteria to improve the effectiveness of mosquito artificial rearing and SIT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.,Beneficial Insects Institute, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongjing Zhang
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University-Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Antonios Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vangelis Doudoumis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Naima Bel Mokhtar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Hamidou Maiga
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
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Dionysopoulou NK, Papanastasiou SA, Kyritsis GA, Papadopoulos NT. Effect of host fruit, temperature and Wolbachia infection on survival and development of Ceratitis capitata immature stages. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229727. [PMID: 32191724 PMCID: PMC7082022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), holds an impressive record of successful invasions promoted by the growth and development of international fruit trade. Hence, survival of immatures within infested fruit that are subjected to various conditions during transportation seems to be a crucial feature that promotes invasion success. Wolbachia pipientis is a common endosymbiont of insects and other arthropods generating several biological effects on its hosts. Existing information report the influence of Wolbachia on the fitness traits of insect host species, including the Mediterranean fruit fly. However, little is known regarding effects of Wolbachia infection on immature development in different host fruits and temperatures. This study was conducted to determine the development and survival of immature stages of four different Mediterranean fruit fly populations, either infected or uninfected with Wolbachia, in two hosts (apples, bitter oranges) under three constant temperatures (15, 25 and 30°C), constant relative humidity (45-55 ± 5%), and a photoperiod of 14L:10D. Our findings demonstrate both differential response of two fruit fly lines to Wolbachia infection and differential effects of the two Wolbachia strains on the same Mediterranean fruit fly line. Larva-to-pupa and larva-to-adult survival followed similar patterns and varied a lot among the four medfly populations, the two host fruits and the different temperatures. Pupation rates and larval developmental time were higher for larvae implanted in apples compared to bitter oranges. The survival rates of wildish medflies were higher than those of the laboratory adapted ones, particularly in bitter oranges. The Wolbachia infected medflies, expressed lower survival rates and higher developmental times, especially the wCer4 infected line. High temperatures constrained immature development and were lethal for the Wolbachia infected wCer4 medfly line. Lower temperatures inferred longer developmental times to immature stages of all medfly populations tested, in both host fruits. Implications on the ecology and survival of the fly in nature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki K. Dionysopoulou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Stella A. Papanastasiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Kyritsis
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Msaad Guerfali M, Chevrier C. Determinant factors for sperm transfer and sperm storage within Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and impact on Sterile Insect Technique. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1855901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Morimoto J, Nguyen B, Tabrizi ST, Lundbäck I, Taylor PW, Ponton F, Chapman TA. Commensal microbiota modulates larval foraging behaviour, development rate and pupal production in Bactrocera tryoni. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:286. [PMID: 31870299 PMCID: PMC6929265 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Backround Commensal microbes can promote survival and growth of developing insects, and have important fitness implications in adulthood. Insect larvae can acquire commensal microbes through two main routes: by vertical acquisition from maternal deposition of microbes on the eggshells and by horizontal acquisition from the environment where the larvae develop. To date, however, little is known about how microbes acquired through these different routes interact to shape insect development. In the present study, we investigated how vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota influence larval foraging behaviour, development time to pupation and pupal production in the Queensland fruit fly (‘Qfly’), Bactrocera tryoni. Results Both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota were required to maximise pupal production in Qfly. Moreover, larvae exposed to both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota pupated sooner than those exposed to no microbiota, or only to horizontally acquired microbiota. Larval foraging behaviour was also influenced by both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota. Larvae from treatments exposed to neither vertically nor horizontally acquired microbiota spent more time overall on foraging patches than did larvae of other treatments, and most notably had greater preference for diets with extreme protein or sugar compositions. Conclusion The integrity of the microbiota early in life is important for larval foraging behaviour, development time to pupation, and pupal production in Qflies. These findings highlight the complexity of microbial relations in this species, and provide insights to the importance of exposure to microbial communities during laboratory- or mass-rearing of tephritid fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Morimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 19031, CEP: 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Binh Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Shabnam T Tabrizi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ida Lundbäck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Phillip W Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Fleur Ponton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Toni A Chapman
- The Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Meneagle, NSW, 2568, Australia
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Kyritsis GA, Augustinos AA, Ntougias S, Papadopoulos NT, Bourtzis K, Cáceres C. Enterobacter sp. AA26 gut symbiont as a protein source for Mediterranean fruit fly mass-rearing and sterile insect technique applications. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:288. [PMID: 31870292 PMCID: PMC6929400 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insect species have established sophisticated symbiotic associations with diverse groups of microorganisms including bacteria which have been shown to affect several aspects of their biology, physiology, ecology and evolution. In addition, recent studies have shown that insect symbionts, including those localized in the gastrointestinal tract, can be exploited for the enhancement of sterile insect technique (SIT) applications against major insect pests such as the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata. We previously showed that Enterobacter sp. AA26 can be used as probiotic supplement in medfly larval diet improving the productivity and accelerating the development of the VIENNA 8 genetic sexing strain (GSS), which is currently used in large scale operational SIT programs worldwide. Results Enterobacter sp. AA26 was an adequate nutritional source for C. capitata larvae, comprising an effective substitute for brewer’s yeast. Incorporating inactive bacterial cells in the larval diet conferred a number of substantial beneficial effects on medfly biology. The consumption of bacteria-based diet (either as full or partial yeast replacement) resulted in decreased immature stages mortality, accelerated immature development, increased pupal weight, and elongated the survival under stress conditions. Moreover, neither the partial nor the complete replacement of yeast with Enterobacter sp. AA26 had significant impact on adult sex ratio, females’ fecundity, adults’ flight ability and males’ mating competitiveness. The absence of both yeast and Enterobacter sp. AA26 (deprivation of protein source and possible other important nutrients) from the larval diet detrimentally affected the larval development, survival and elongated the immature developmental duration. Conclusions Enterobacter sp. AA26 dry biomass can fully replace the brewer’s yeast as a protein source in medfly larval diet without any effect on the productivity and the biological quality of reared medfly of VIENNA 8 GSS as assessed by the FAO/IAEA/USDA standard quality control tests. We discuss this finding in the context of mass-rearing and SIT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Kyritsis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou St., 38446, N. Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
| | - Antonios A Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas Sofias 12, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Nikos T Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou St., 38446, N. Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carlos Cáceres
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
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Hadapad AB, Shettigar SKG, Hire RS. Bacterial communities in the gut of wild and mass-reared Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Bactrocera dorsalis revealed by metagenomic sequencing. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:282. [PMID: 31870295 PMCID: PMC6929459 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect pests belonging to genus Bactrocera sp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) pose major biotic stress on various fruits and vegetable crops around the world. Zeugodacus and Bactrocera sp. are associated with diverse bacterial communities which play an important role in the fitness of sterile insects. The wild populations of melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) and Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) were collected from pumpkin and mango fields, respectively. The laboratory populations of Z. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis were mass-reared on bottle gourd and sweet banana, respectively. Bacterial communities present in the gut of wild and mass-reared mature (~ 12 days old) and newly emerged (< 1 h after emergence) male and female adults of Z. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis were assessed. We used Illumina HiSeq next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene to profile the gut bacterial communities of wild and mass-reared mature and newly emerged Z. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis adults. RESULTS We found diverse bacterial composition in the gut of wild and mass-reared Z. cucurbitae (ZC) and B. dorsalis (BD) with varied relative abundance. Few taxonomic groups were common to both the species. The most dominant phyla in all samples of Z. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis adults were Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The phylum Proteobacteria occurred more in wild Z. cucurbitae (~ 87.72%) and B. dorsalis (~ 83.87%) as compared to mass-reared Z. cucurbitae (64.15%) and B. dorsalis (~ 80.96%). Higher relative abundance of Phylum Firmicutes was observed in mass-reared fruit fly than wild adults. Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast and Actinobacteria were also present with very low relative abundance in both wild as well as mass-reared melon fly and Oriental fruit fly. Enterobacteriaceae (61.21%) was dominant family in the gut of both wild and mass-reared adults. Providencia and Lactococcus were dominant genera with varied relative abundance in wild as well as in mass-reared mature and newly emerged fruit fly adults of both species. Some of the genera like Morganella and Serratia were only detected in mass-reared mature and newly emerged Z. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis adults. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) showed that fruit fly adult samples were grouped based on species and age of the adults while no grouping was observed on the basis of sex of the adult fruit fly. CONCLUSIONS The gut bacterial communities associated with wild and mass-reared mature and newly emerged adults of Z. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis showed variation that depends on species and age of the insects. Understanding the gut microbiota of wild and mass-reared Z. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis using high throughput technology will help to illustrate microbial diversity and this information could be used to develop efficient mass-rearing protocols for successful implementation of sterile insect technique (SIT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok B Hadapad
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Suresh K G Shettigar
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Pathology Unit, Medical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Ramesh S Hire
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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Juárez ML, Pimper LE, Bachmann GE, Conte CA, Ruiz MJ, Goane L, Medina Pereyra P, Castro F, Salgueiro J, Cladera JL, Fernández PC, Bourtzis K, Lanzavecchia SB, Vera MT, Segura DF. Gut bacterial diversity and physiological traits of Anastrepha fraterculus Brazilian-1 morphotype males are affected by antibiotic treatment. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:283. [PMID: 31870309 PMCID: PMC6929401 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interaction between gut bacterial symbionts and Tephritidae became the focus of several studies that showed that bacteria contributed to the nutritional status and the reproductive potential of its fruit fly hosts. Anastrepha fraterculus is an economically important fruit pest in South America. This pest is currently controlled by insecticides, which prompt the development of environmentally friendly methods such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). For SIT to be effective, a deep understanding of the biology and sexual behavior of the target species is needed. Although many studies have contributed in this direction, little is known about the composition and role of A. fraterculus symbiotic bacteria. In this study we tested the hypothesis that gut bacteria contribute to nutritional status and reproductive success of A. fraterculus males. Results AB affected the bacterial community of the digestive tract of A. fraterculus, in particular bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which was the dominant bacterial group in the control flies (i.e., non-treated with AB). AB negatively affected parameters directly related to the mating success of laboratory males and their nutritional status. AB also affected males’ survival under starvation conditions. The effect of AB on the behaviour and nutritional status of the males depended on two additional factors: the origin of the males and the presence of a proteinaceous source in the diet. Conclusions Our results suggest that A. fraterculus males gut contain symbiotic organisms that are able to exert a positive contribution on A. fraterculus males’ fitness, although the physiological mechanisms still need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Juárez
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lida Elena Pimper
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Enrique Bachmann
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Claudia Alejandra Conte
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - María Josefina Ruiz
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Goane
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Felipe Castro
- Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julieta Salgueiro
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Jorge Luis Cladera
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Patricia Carina Fernández
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Estación Agropecuaria Delta, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Campana, Argentina
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Beatriz Lanzavecchia
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Vera
- Cátedra Terapéutica Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia (FAZ), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernando Segura
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (IGEAF), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - GV Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO, CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is being applied for the management of economically important pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a number of countries worldwide. The success and cost effectiveness of SIT depends upon the ability of mass-reared sterilized male insects to successfully copulate with conspecific wild fertile females when released in the field. METHODS We conducted a critical analysis of the literature about the tephritid gut microbiome including the advancement of methods for the identification and characterization of microbiota, particularly next generation sequencing, the impacts of irradiation (to induce sterility of flies) and fruit fly rearing, and the use of probiotics to manipulate the fruit fly gut microbiota. RESULTS Domestication, mass-rearing, irradiation and handling, as required in SIT, may change the structure of the fruit flies' gut microbial community compared to that of wild flies under field conditions. Gut microbiota of tephritids are important in their hosts' development, performance and physiology. Knowledge of how mass-rearing and associated changes of the microbial community impact the functional role of the bacteria and host biology is limited. Probiotics offer potential to encourage a gut microbial community that limits pathogens, and improves the quality of fruit flies. CONCLUSIONS Advances in technologies used to identify and characterize the gut microbiota will continue to expand our understanding of tephritid gut microbial diversity and community composition. Knowledge about the functions of gut microbes will increase through the use of gnotobiotic models, genome sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics and metaproteomics. The use of probiotics, or manipulation of the gut microbiota, offers significant opportunities to enhance the production of high quality, performing fruit flies in operational SIT programs.
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Shuttleworth LA, Khan MAM, Osborne T, Collins D, Srivastava M, Reynolds OL. A walk on the wild side: gut bacteria fed to mass-reared larvae of Queensland fruit fly [Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)] influence development. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:95. [PMID: 31847841 PMCID: PMC6918714 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera, Tephritidae) is the most significant insect pest of Australian horticulture. Bactrocera tryoni is controlled using a range of tools including the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Mass-rearing and irradiation of pupae in SIT can reduce the fitness and quality of the released sterile insects. Studies have also showed reduced microbial gut diversity in domesticated versus wild tephritids. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of the bacterial isolates in the mid-gut of mass-reared larvae, and plate counts from individual larval guts showed increased numbers of bacteria in supplemented larvae. Several developmental and fitness parameters were tested including larval development time (egg-hatch to pupation), pupal weight, emergence, flight ability, sex-ratio, and time to adult eclosion (egg-hatch to adult eclosion). Enterobacter sp. and Asaia sp. shortened larval development time, while this was delayed by Lactobacillus sp., Leuconostoc sp. and a blend of all four bacteria. The mean time from egg hatch to adult eclosion was significantly reduced by Leuconostoc sp. and the blend for males and females, indicating that the individual bacterium and consortium affect flies differently depending on the life stage (larval or pupal). There was no impact of bacterial supplemented larvae on pupal weight, emergence, flight ability, or sex ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that bacteria fed to the larval stage of B. tryoni can impart fitness advantages, but the selection of probiotic strains (individual or a consortium) is key, as each have varying effects on the host. Bacteria added to the larval diet particularly Leuconostoc sp. and the blend have the capacity to reduce costs and increase the number of flies produced in mass-rearing facilities by reducing time to adult eclosion by 1.3 and 0.8 mean days for males, and 1.2 and 0.8 mean days for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alexander Shuttleworth
- Biosecurity and Food Safety, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, 2568 Australia
- Present address: NIAB EMR, Department of Pest and Pathogen Ecology, East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ UK
| | - Mohammed Abul Monjur Khan
- Biosecurity and Food Safety, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, 2568 Australia
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - Terrence Osborne
- Biosecurity and Food Safety, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, 2568 Australia
| | - Damian Collins
- Biosecurity and Food Safety, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, 2568 Australia
| | - Mukesh Srivastava
- Biosecurity and Food Safety, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, 2568 Australia
| | - Olivia Louise Reynolds
- Biosecurity and Food Safety, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, 2568 Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650 Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Present address: cesar Pty Ltd, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
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Bhandari K, Crisp P, Keller MA. The oesophageal diverticulum of Dirioxa pornia studied through micro-CT scan, dissection and SEM studies. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:89. [PMID: 31847843 PMCID: PMC6918637 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dirioxa pornia (Diptera, Tephritidae) (Island fly) is an Australian native species related to a number of pestiferous fruit flies but, unlike many of the pest species, has not been studied extensively due to its non-pest status. However, due to D. pornia’s apparent reliance on the bacteria for survival it is an ideal species to undertake studies into interaction between Tephritid species and bacteria associated with the intestinal tract. The oesophageal diverticulum, which is a blind-ended protrusion of the oesophagus, has been studied, described and characterised in many other Tephritid species. Unlike many other species where the oesophageal diverticulum has been observed the organ was only observed in male D. pornia. It is speculated that this sexual dimorphism the organ may be the primary location to host beneficial bacteria in the involved in the production of the nuptial gift and the mating success of this Tephritid species. In case of D. pornia, however, no study on any area of the digestive system has been conducted. This study was conducted to locate and characterize the oesophageal diverticulum in D. pornia. A virtual dissection of the alimentary tract was made through micro-computer tomography studies. These studies were followed by dissection and scanning microscopy studies to elucidate the presence of bacteria. Results The oesophageal diverticulum of D. pornia is part of the foregut and distends from the oesophagus within the head of the fly. The shape of the oesophageal diverticulum corresponds with the Ceratitis type. Scanning microscopy studies of the oesophageal diverticulum show rod-shaped bacterial cells residing along with yeast cells in the lumen. The organ was only observed in male specimens. Conclusions This study classifies the oesophageal diverticulum of D. pornia under the “Ceratitis type” of oesophageal diverticula in Tephritid species. The study also proves that micro-CT scanning is possible to locate soft tissues in Tephritid species and the Avizo® Fire software can be successfully used to visualize 3 dimensional (3D) images from x-rays. The methods used in this experiment can be used in future studies for visualising soft tissues of adult Tephritid species through micro tomography. There is sexual dimorphism with the organ only found in males. Finally this study shows that bacteria are present in the oesophageal diverticulum of D. pornia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kala Bhandari
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter Crisp
- Entomology Unit, South Australian Research and Development Institute, PIRSA, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Michael A Keller
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Asimakis ED, Khan M, Stathopoulou P, Caceres C, Bourtzis K, Tsiamis G. The effect of diet and radiation on the bacterial symbiome of the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett). BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:88. [PMID: 31847902 PMCID: PMC6918631 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Symbiotic bacteria contribute to a multitude of important biological functions such as nutrition and reproduction and affect multiple physiological factors like fitness and longevity in their insect hosts. The melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), is an important agricultural pest that affects a variety of cultivated plants belonging mostly to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is considered invasive and widespread in many parts of the world. Several approaches are currently being considered for the management of its populations including the environmentally friendly and effective sterile insect technique (SIT), as a component of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. In the present study, we examined the effect of diet and radiation on the bacterial symbiome of Z. cucurbitae flies with the use of Next Generation Sequencing technologies. Results Melon flies were reared on two diets at the larval stage, an artificial bran-based diet and on sweet gourd, which affected significantly the development of the bacterial profiles. Significant differentiation was also observed based on gender. The effect of radiation was mostly diet dependent, with irradiated melon flies reared on the bran diet exhibiting a significant reduction in species diversity and richness compared to their non-irradiated controls. Changes in the bacterial symbiome of the irradiated melon flies included a drastic reduction in the number of sequences affiliated with members of Citrobacter, Raoultella, and Enterobacteriaceae. At the same time, an increase was observed for members of Enterobacter, Providencia and Morganella. Interestingly, the irradiated male melon flies reared on sweet gourd showed a clear differentiation compared to their non-irradiated controls, namely a significant reduction in species richness and minor differences in the relative abundance for members of Enterobacter and Providencia. Conclusions The two diets in conjunction with the irradiation affected significantly the formation of the bacterial symbiome. Melon flies reared on the bran-based artificial diet displayed significant changes in the bacterial symbiome upon irradiation, in all aspects, including species richness, diversity and composition. When reared on sweet gourd, significant changes occurred to male samples due to radiation, only in terms of species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias D Asimakis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., 30131, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Mahfuza Khan
- Insect Biotechnology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Ganak bari, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Panagiota Stathopoulou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., 30131, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Carlos Caceres
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., 30131, Agrinio, Greece.
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Azis K, Zerva I, Melidis P, Caceres C, Bourtzis K, Ntougias S. Biochemical and nutritional characterization of the medfly gut symbiont Enterobacter sp. AA26 for its use as probiotics in sterile insect technique applications. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:90. [PMID: 31847833 PMCID: PMC6918548 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterobacter sp. AA26 was recently isolated from the midgut of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and it was shown to have positive effects in rearing efficiency when used as larval probiotics. In this study, biomass production was carried out in bench-scale bioreactors to elucidate the biokinetic properties of Enterobacter sp. AA26 and its nutritional value. Results Strain AA26 is a psychrotolerant, halotolerant, facultatively anaerobic bacterium with broad pH range for growth (pH 4 to 10.2), which possessed the typical biochemical profile of Enterobacter spp. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) was calculated as 63.2 ± 1.26 and 121 ± 1.73 mg O2 g− 1 VSS h− 1, with the yield coefficients in acetate and glucose being equal to 0.62 ± 0.03 and 0.67 ± 0.003 g biomass produced/g substrate consumed, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of strain AA26 grown in fill-and-draw bioreactors at 20 °C and 35 °C was 0.035 and 0.069 h− 1, respectively. Strain AA26 grew effectively in agro-industrial wastewaters, i.e. cheese whey wastewater (CWW), as alternative substrate for replacing yeast-based media. Biomass of strain AA26 could provide all the essential amino acids and vitamins for the artificial rearing of C. capitata. Greater intracellular α- and β-glucosidase activities were observed during growth of strain AA26 in CWW than in yeast-based substrate, although the opposite pattern was observed for the respective extracellular activities (p < 0.01). Low protease activity was exhibited in cells grown in yeast-based medium, while no lipase activities were detected. Conclusions The ability of strain AA26 to grow in agro-industrial wastes and to provide all the essential nutrients can minimize the cost of commercial media used for mass rearing and large scale sterile insect technique applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Azis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Ioanna Zerva
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Carlos Caceres
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100, Xanthi, Greece.
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Khan M, Seheli K, Bari MA, Sultana N, Khan SA, Sultana KF, Hossain MA. Potential of a fly gut microbiota incorporated gel-based larval diet for rearing Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:94. [PMID: 31847853 PMCID: PMC6918544 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important polyphagous pest of horticultural produce. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a proven control method against many insect pests, including fruit flies, under area-wide pest management programs. High quality mass-rearing process and the cost-effective production of sterile target species are important for SIT. Irradiation is reported to cause severe damage to the symbiotic community structure in the mid gut of fruit fly species, impairing SIT success. However, studies have found that target-specific manipulation of insect gut bacteria can positively impact the overall fitness of SIT-specific insects. Results Twelve bacterial genera were isolated and identified from B. dorsalis eggs, third instars larval gut and adults gut. The bacterial genera were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Proteus, and Stenotrophomonas, belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Larval diet enrichment with the selected bacterial isolate, Proteus sp. was found to improve adult emergence, percentage of male, and survival under stress. However, no significant changes were recorded in B. dorsalis egg hatching, pupal yield, pupal weight, duration of the larval stage, or flight ability. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that gut bacterial isolates can be used in conjunction with SIT. The newly developed gel-based larval diet incorporated with Proteus sp. isolates can be used for large-scale mass rearing of B. dorsalis in the SIT program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuza Khan
- Insect Biotechnology Division (IBD), Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Ganak bari, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - Kajla Seheli
- Insect Biotechnology Division (IBD), Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Ganak bari, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Bari
- Insect Biotechnology Division (IBD), Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Ganak bari, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Nahida Sultana
- Insect Biotechnology Division (IBD), Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Ganak bari, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Shakil Ahmed Khan
- Insect Biotechnology Division (IBD), Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Ganak bari, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Anwar Hossain
- Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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De Cock M, Virgilio M, Vandamme P, Augustinos A, Bourtzis K, Willems A, De Meyer M. Impact of Sample Preservation and Manipulation on Insect Gut Microbiome Profiling. A Test Case With Fruit Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2833. [PMID: 31921020 PMCID: PMC6923184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques are of great value for the investigation of microbial communities, and have been extensively used to study the gut microbiome. While most studies focus on the human gut, many others have investigated insects. However, because of the rapid spread of HTS techniques, a lot of variation exists in the protocols for sample preparation. In the present study, we investigated the impact of two widely adopted sample-processing procedures preceding library preparation, i.e., preservation of insect tissue in 70% ethanol (EtOH) and sample dissection. We used the fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a model organism and set up two experiments, one comparing the effects of sample manipulation and preservation across life stages and the other across fruit samples from different sources. The results of this study showed no major effects of dissection on the outcome of HTS. However, EtOH preservation did have effects on the recovered gut microbiome, the main effect being a significant reduction of the dominant genus, Providencia, in EtOH-preserved samples. Less abundant bacterial groups were also affected resulting in altered microbial profiles obtained from samples preserved in 70% EtOH. These results have important implications for the planning of future studies and when comparing studies that used different sample preparation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten De Cock
- Department of Biology and Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Virgilio
- Department of Biology and Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonios Augustinos
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – Demeter, Patras, Greece
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Department of Biology and Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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Draft Genome Sequence of Enterobacter hormaechei ENT5, a Component of the Symbiotic Community of Tephritid Flies. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/49/e01364-19. [PMID: 31806752 PMCID: PMC6895312 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01364-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter strains are among the dominant symbiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of insects, with the ability to fulfill diverse roles. In this announcement, we describe the draft genome sequence of Enterobacter hormaechei strain ENT5, isolated from wild adult Zeugodacus cucurbitae flies. Enterobacter strains are among the dominant symbiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of insects, with the ability to fulfill diverse roles. In this announcement, we describe the draft genome sequence of Enterobacter hormaechei strain ENT5, isolated from wild adult Zeugodacus cucurbitae flies.
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66
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Majumder R, Sutcliffe B, Taylor PW, Chapman TA. Next-Generation Sequencing reveals relationship between the larval microbiome and food substrate in the polyphagous Queensland fruit fly. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14292. [PMID: 31575966 PMCID: PMC6773747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects typically host substantial microbial communities (the ‘microbiome’) that can serve as a vital source of nutrients and also acts as a modulator of immune function. While recent studies have shown that diet is an important influence on the gut microbiome, very little is known about the dynamics underpinning microbial acquisition from natural food sources. Here, we addressed this gap by comparing the microbiome of larvae of the polyphagous fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (‘Queensland fruit fly’) that were collected from five different fruit types (sapodilla [from two different localities], hog plum, pomegranate, green apple, and quince) from North-east to South-east Australia. Using Next-Generation Sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform, we addressed two questions: (1) what bacterial communities are available to B. tryoni larvae from different host fruit; and (2) how does the microbiome vary between B. tryoni larvae and its host fruit? The abundant bacterial taxa were similar for B. tryoni larvae from different fruit despite significant differences in the overall microbial community compositions. Our study suggests that the bacterial community structure of B. tryoni larvae is related less to the host fruit (diet) microbiome and more to vertical transfer of the microbiome during egg laying. Our findings also suggest that geographic location may play a quite limited role in structuring of larval microbiomes. This is the first study to use Next-Generation Sequencing to analyze the microbiome of B. tryoni larvae together with the host fruit, an approach that has enabled greatly increased resolution of relationships between the insect’s microbiome and that of the surrounding host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia. .,Biosecurity and Food Safety, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI), Menangle, NSW, 2567, Australia.
| | - Brodie Sutcliffe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Phillip W Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Toni A Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Biosecurity and Food Safety, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI), Menangle, NSW, 2567, Australia
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Augustinos AA, Tsiamis G, Cáceres C, Abd-Alla AMM, Bourtzis K. Taxonomy, Diet, and Developmental Stage Contribute to the Structuring of Gut-Associated Bacterial Communities in Tephritid Pest Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2004. [PMID: 31555239 PMCID: PMC6727639 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect-symbiont interactions are receiving much attention in the last years. Symbiotic communities have been found to influence a variety of parameters regarding their host physiology and fitness. Gut symbiotic communities can be dynamic, changing through time and developmental stage. Whether these changes represent real differential needs and preferential relationships has not been addressed yet. In this study, we characterized the structure of symbiotic communities of five laboratory populations that represent five Tephritidae species that are targets for pest control management through the sterile insect technique (SIT), namely Bactrocera oleae, Anastrepha grandis, Anastrepha ludens, and two morphotypes of Anastrepha fraterculus (sp.1 and the Andean lineage). These populations are under artificial or semi artificial rearing conditions and their characterization was performed for different developmental stages and age. Our results demonstrate the presence of a symbiotic community comprising mainly from different Enterobacteriaceae genera. These communities are dynamic across developmental stages, although not highly variable, and appear to have a species-specific profile. Additional factors may contribute to the observed structuring, including diet, rearing practices, and the degree of domestication. Comparison of these results with those derived from natural populations could shed light to changes occurring in the symbiotic level during domestication of Tephritidae populations. Further studies will elucidate whether the changes are associated with modification of the behavior in laboratory strains and assess their effects in the quality of the mass rearing insects. This could be beneficial for improving environmentally friendly, species-specific, pest control methods, such as the SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios A Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Carlos Cáceres
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
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Bai Z, Liu L, Noman MS, Zeng L, Luo M, Li Z. The influence of antibiotics on gut bacteria diversity associated with laboratory-reared Bactrocera dorsalis. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:500-509. [PMID: 30394234 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a destructive insect pest of a wide range of fruit crops. Commensal bacteria play a very important part in the development, reproduction, and fitness of their host fruit fly. Uncovering the function of gut bacteria has become a worldwide quest. Using antibiotics to remove gut bacteria is a common method to investigate gut bacteria function. In the present study, three types of antibiotics (tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin), each with four different concentrations, were used to test their effect on the gut bacteria diversity of laboratory-reared B. dorsalis. Combined antibiotics can change bacteria diversity, including cultivable and uncultivable bacteria, for both male and female adult flies. Secondary bacteria became the dominant population in female and male adult flies with the decrease in normally predominant bacteria. However, in larvae, only the predominant bacteria decreased, the bacteria diversity did not change a lot, likely because of the short acting time of the antibiotics. The bacteria diversity did not differ among fruit fly treatments with antibiotics of different concentrations. This study showed the dynamic changes of gut bacterial diversity in antibiotics-treated flies, and provides a foundation for research on the function of gut bacteria of the oriental fruit fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M S Noman
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L Zeng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M Luo
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Somerville J, Zhou L, Raymond B. Aseptic Rearing and Infection with Gut Bacteria Improve the Fitness of Transgenic Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10040089. [PMID: 30925791 PMCID: PMC6523322 DOI: 10.3390/insects10040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mass insect rearing can have a range of applications, for example in biological control of pests. The competitive fitness of released insects is extremely important in a number of applications. Here, we investigated how to improve the fitness of a transgenic diamondback moth, which has shown variation in mating ability when reared in different insectaries. Specifically we tested whether infection with a gut bacteria, Enterobacter cloacae, and aseptic rearing of larvae could improve insect growth and male performance. All larvae were readily infected with E. cloacae. Under aseptic rearing, pupal weights were reduced and there was a marginal reduction in larval survival. However, aseptic rearing substantially improved the fitness of transgenic males. In addition, under aseptic rearing, inoculation with E. cloacae increased pupal weights and male fitness, increasing the proportion of transgenic progeny from 20% to 30% relative to uninfected insects. Aseptic conditions may improve the fitness of transgenic males by excluding microbial contaminants, while symbiont inoculation could further improve fitness by providing additional protection against infection, or by normalizing insect physiology. The simple innovation of incorporating antibiotic into diet, and inoculating insects with symbiotic bacteria that are resistant to that antibiotic, could provide a readily transferable tool for other insect rearing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Somerville
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn campus, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Liqin Zhou
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn campus, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Ben Raymond
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn campus, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, UK.
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Xie S, Lan Y, Sun C, Shao Y. Insect microbial symbionts as a novel source for biotechnology. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:25. [PMID: 30666424 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insecta is the most diverse and largest class of animals on Earth, appearing together with the emergence of the first terrestrial ecosystem. Owing to this great diversity and long-term coexistence, an amazing variety of symbiotic microorganisms have adapted specifically to insects as hosts. Insect symbionts not only participate in many relationships with the hosts but also represent a novel resource for biotechnological applications. The exploitation of mutualistic symbiosis represents a promising area to search for bioactive compounds and new enzymes for potential clinical, industrial or environmental applications. Moreover, the manipulation of parasitic symbiosis has particular potential to solve practical problems for the control of agricultural pests and disease vectors. Although the study of microbial symbionts has been impaired by the unculturability of most symbionts, the rapidly growing catalogue of microbial genomes and the application of modern genetic techniques provide an alternative approach to using these microbes. This minireview presents examples of microbial symbionts isolated from insects for emerging biotechnological use and illuminates new ways for discovering microorganisms of applied value from a particularly promising source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Xie
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahua Lan
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Liu SH, Chen Y, Li W, Tang GH, Yang Y, Jiang HB, Dou W, Wang JJ. Diversity of Bacterial Communities in the Intestinal Tracts of Two Geographically Distant Populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2861-2868. [PMID: 30107431 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests and hosts diverse intestinal bacterial communities. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbial communities associated with the intestines of females and males from two B. dorsalis populations collected from Hainan and Guizhou Provinces of China. A total of 260,615 high-quality 16S rRNA gene reads with an average length of 253 bp were obtained. Highly diverse bacterial communities were observed across individuals, with communities containing between 691 and 1,262 bacterial operational taxonomic units. In addition, 37 bacterial phyla, 65 classes, 130 orders, 198 families, 201 genera, and 70 annotated species were identified, wherein the Proteobacteria were the most dominant phylum among all of the libraries, followed by the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Bacterial community composition varied by host sex and geographic location of the populations. Female gut communities comprised fewer bacterial families than males, and females had lower relative abundances of 33 of the 35 most abundant families. In addition, female gut communities harbored greater abundances of Enterobacteriaceae than males. The Hainan population gut communities contained fewer bacterial families than those of the Guizhou populations. However, 5 of the 35 most abundant families were more abundant in communities from the Hainan population than those of the Guizhou population. The results of this study help us better understand the importance of symbiotic bacteria in B. dorsalis and provide a foundation for assessing the use of gut microorganisms as bio-control agents for these serious pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Huo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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72
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Luo M, Zhang H, Du Y, Idrees A, He L, Chen J, Ji QE. Molecular identification of cultivable bacteria in the gut of adult Bactrocera tau (Walker) and their trapping effect. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2842-2850. [PMID: 29749026 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that some bacteria can attract their hosts. Our research aimed to identify cultivable bacterial isolates in the guts of sexually mature adult female and male Bactrocera tau and to evaluate their utility in trapping of B. tau. RESULTS Forty-one strains of bacteria were isolated and identified from B. tau with morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16S rDNA analysis. The dominant bacterial genera shared by both females and males were Enterobacter, Providencia and Serratia. Thirteen bacterial isolates selected from female and male B. tau adults were cultured, and the attractiveness of bacterial fermented liquid and autoclaved supernatants from these strains to B. tau adults was tested. The laboratory test showed that both the autoclaved supernatants and fermented liquid could attract male and female B. tau, and the former was substantially more effective, with the autoclaved supernatants from all strains being significantly more attractive to adult B. tau. BF16, BF(12), BF23 and BF(32) were the most attractive bacteria to 8-day-old and sexually mature B. tau. Furthermore, the results of a subsequent field cage test showed that BF(12), BF23, and BF(32) were significantly more attractive to B. tau adults. CONCLUSION These results provide useful information for the development of bacterial biocontrol agents and their application as insecticides. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijuan Luo
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hehe Zhang
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinggang Du
- Biological Engineering Research and Development Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, China
| | - Atif Idrees
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longyan He
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Chen
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing E Ji
- Institute of Beneficial Insects, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
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Cai Z, Yao Z, Li Y, Xi Z, Bourtzis K, Zhao Z, Bai S, Zhang H. Intestinal probiotics restore the ecological fitness decline of Bactrocera dorsalis by irradiation. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1946-1963. [PMID: 30459840 PMCID: PMC6231467 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) as an eco-friendly and reliable strategy has been used to control populations of insect pests of agricultural, veterinary and human health importance. Successful applications of SIT rely on the high-level ecological fitness of sterile males. A suitable and stable gut microbiome can contribute to the ecological fitness of insect by influencing their physiology, biochemistry and development processes. Here, we show that a shift in the gut bacterial composition and structure by sterilizing irradiation, characterized by a decrease in the major gut microbiota community Enterobacteriaceae, an expansion of the minor members (e.g., Bacillaceae) and a higher richness and diversity, is tightly linked to radiation-induced ecological fitness (male mating competitiveness, flight capacity, survival rate and life span) decline in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) sterile males. Function prediction of gut microbiota indicated that changes in microbiome taxonomy tend to drive microbiome functional shifts. A higher nutrient consumption of the flourishing minor gut microbiota may cause a decline in nutrients and energy metabolic activity of host and then result in the reduced ecological fitness of irradiated flies. Furthermore, we found that a gut bacterial strain Klebsiella oxytoca (BD177) can restore ecological fitness by improving food intake and increasing haemolymph sugar and amino acid levels of irradiated B. dorsalis flies. Our findings suggest that gut symbiont-based probiotics can be used as agents for reversing radiation-induced ecological fitness decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyKey Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)China‐Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban PestsInstitute of Urban and Horticultural EntomologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyKey Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)China‐Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban PestsInstitute of Urban and Horticultural EntomologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yushan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyKey Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)China‐Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban PestsInstitute of Urban and Horticultural EntomologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhiyong Xi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control LaboratoryJoint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureVienna International CentreViennaAustria
| | - Zheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyKey Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)China‐Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban PestsInstitute of Urban and Horticultural EntomologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shuai Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyKey Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)China‐Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban PestsInstitute of Urban and Horticultural EntomologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyKey Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE)China‐Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban PestsInstitute of Urban and Horticultural EntomologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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74
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Abstract
Background Microbiota plays an important role in the biology, ecology and evolution of insects including tsetse flies. The bacterial profile of 3 Glossina palpalis gambiensis laboratory colonies was examined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the dynamics of the bacterial diversity within and between each G. p. gambiensis colony. Results The three G. p. gambiensis laboratory colonies displayed similar bacterial diversity indices and OTU distribution. Larval guts displayed a higher diversity when compared with the gastrointestinal tract of adults while no statistically significant differences were observed between testes and ovaries. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis were the most dominant taxa. In more detail, the gastrointestinal tract of adults was more enriched by Wigglesworthia while Sodalis were prominent in gonads. Interestingly, in larval guts a balanced co-existence between Wigglesworthia and Sodalis was observed. Sequences assigned to Wolbachia, Propionibacterium, and Providencia were also detected but to a much lesser degree. Clustering analysis indicated that the bacterial profile in G. p. gambiensis exhibits tissue tropism, hence distinguishing the gut bacterial profile from that present in reproductive organs. Conclusions Our results indicated that age, gender and the origin of the laboratory colonies did not significantly influence the formation of the bacterial profile, once these populations were kept under the same rearing conditions. Within the laboratory populations a tissue tropism was observed between the gut and gonadal bacterial profile. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1290-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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75
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Moadeli T, Mainali B, Ponton F, Taylor PW. Effects of Wheat Germ Oil Concentration in Gel Larval Diets on Production and Quality of Queensland Fruit Fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2288-2297. [PMID: 30085173 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Queensland fruit fly ('Q-fly'), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the most destructive insect pest of horticultural crops in Australia. The sterile insect technique (SIT) has attracted significant interest for sustainable management of Q-fly through the mass rearing and release of sterile flies. Cost-effective diets are required to rear Q-flies for SIT. Wheat germ oil (WGO) is the main source of fatty acids and vitamins in gel larval diets that are used to rear Q-fly but is an expensive ingredient. With the aim of reducing WGO cost in gel larval diet, we assessed performance of Q-flies reared on diets that varied in WGO content. Q-fly larvae were reared on two diets that differed mainly in yeast composition ('gel diet 2006' and 'gel diet 2009') and contained 0, 0.03, 0.07, 0.11, 0.15, or 1% WGO to identify reduced concentrations of WGO (and hence cost) without compromising productivity or quality. Diets containing WGO outperformed diets without WGO in development rate, pupal number, adult emergence, percentage of fliers, rate of fliers, and fecundity. Concentrations of 0.11% and above provided full benefit in gel diet 2006 (original formulation 0.15%), and concentrations of 0.15% (original formulation 1.0%) and above provided full benefit in gel diet 2009, and for both diets, a concentration-dependent decline in fly performance resulted from lower doses. Savings can be made in gel diets for mass rearing of Q-fly without compromising productivity by reducing WGO concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Moadeli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bishwo Mainali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fleur Ponton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip W Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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76
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Rempoulakis P, Sela Saldinger S, Nemny-Lavy E, Pinto R, Birke A, Nestel D. Microbial composition affects the performance of an artificial Tephritid larval diet. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 108:434-441. [PMID: 28929990 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the patterns of microorganisms in an artificial larval diet during Dacus ciliatus (Diptera; Tephritidae) larval development. Microbial population contents in the diet of total heterotrophic bacteria, yeast and molds, coliform and lactobacilli, and their dynamics during development, were monitored. Initially, the microbial composition in diet trays failing to produce viable pupae and in trays successfully producing pupae and adult flies was characterized. The failing diet trays contained large populations of lactobacilli that increased during larval development, and low populations of coliforms. In contrast, the successful diet showed an increasing population of coliforms and a low, or undetected, population of lactobacilli. To study the hypothesis that lactobacilli affect D. ciliatus larval development, we conducted controlled inoculation experiments in which Lactobacillus plantarum was added into fresh diet at the time of egg seeding. L. plantarum inoculated trays showed no production of D. ciliatus. Control trays without lactobacilli inoculation showed variable results. One tray successfully produced viable pupae and adults, and showed a slight and slow increase in the indigenous populations of lactobacilli. The second tray, however, failed to produce pupae and showed a fast increase of the indigenous lactobacilli to very high levels. Monitored pH trends in L. plantarum-inoculated diet showed a sharp pH decrease during the first 4 days of larval development from 5 to less than 4 units, while successful diet, producing viable D. ciliatus pupae and adults, showed a moderate pH drop during most of the larval development period. The paper discusses the possible ecological interactions between D. ciliatus larvae, the microbial content of the diet and the physical properties of the diet. The discussion also points out at the usefulness of this approach in understanding and managing mass production parameters of tephritid fruit flies industrial diets used for Sterile Insect Technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rempoulakis
- Department of Biological Sciences,Macquarie University,North Ryde,NSW 2109,Australia
| | - S Sela Saldinger
- Microbial Food-Safety Research Unit,Department of Food Quality & Safety,Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences,The Volcani Center,ARO,P. O. Box 15159,Rishon LeZiyyon 7528809,Israel
| | - E Nemny-Lavy
- Department of Entomology,Institute of Plant Protection,The Volcani Center,ARO,P. O. Box 15159,Rishon LeZiyyon 7528809,Israel
| | - R Pinto
- Microbial Food-Safety Research Unit,Department of Food Quality & Safety,Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences,The Volcani Center,ARO,P. O. Box 15159,Rishon LeZiyyon 7528809,Israel
| | - A Birke
- Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores,Clúster Científico y Tecnológico Biomimic®,Instituto de Ecología, A.C.,Apartado Postal 63,91000 Xalapa,Veracruz,Mexico
| | - D Nestel
- Department of Entomology,Institute of Plant Protection,The Volcani Center,ARO,P. O. Box 15159,Rishon LeZiyyon 7528809,Israel
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Msaad Guerfali M, Djobbi W, Charaabi K, Hamden H, Fadhl S, Marzouki W, Dhaouedi F, Chevrier C. Evaluation of Providencia rettgeri pathogenicity against laboratory Mediterranean fruit fly strain (Ceratitis capitata). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196343. [PMID: 29734397 PMCID: PMC5937750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is often referred to as the most severe agricultural pest. Its biological control is mainly through the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Colonization, mass-rearing conditions and the irradiation process impact the competitiveness of sterile males and disrupt symbiotic associations by favoring some bacterial species and suppressing others. Levels of Providencia species have been shown to fluctuate considerably in the gut of the medfly laboratory strain Vienna 8 under irradiation, increasing by up to 22%. This study aimed to determine the pathogenicity of Providencia rettgeri isolated from the gut of laboratory Vienna 8 medfly strains by examining the effects of 1) two different treatment doses on egg-hatching and development and 2) two infection methodologies (ingestion and injection) of male and female adults according to their mating status. Treatment of eggs with P. rettgeri (2%) significantly decreased the mean egg to pupae recovery rate. Our data showed significant high mortality in flies with both injection and ingestion after 24 hours without any effect of sex. Microbial counts demonstrated that the bacteria could proliferate and replicate in adult flies. There was a significant sex-dependent effect after infection, with mortality decreasing significantly for males more than females. Providencia rettgeri can be considered as a potential pathogen of C. capitata. Mating protected males and females against infection by P. rettgeri by triggering an immune response leading to double the levels of Cecropin being secreted compared to infected virgin adults, thus reducing the virulence of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Msaad Guerfali
- Laboratory of biotechnology and nuclear technologies, LR16CNSTN01, National centre of nuclear sciences and technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Wafa Djobbi
- Laboratory of biotechnology and nuclear technologies, LR16CNSTN01, National centre of nuclear sciences and technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Charaabi
- Laboratory of biotechnology and nuclear technologies, LR16CNSTN01, National centre of nuclear sciences and technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Heithem Hamden
- Laboratory of biotechnology and nuclear technologies, LR16CNSTN01, National centre of nuclear sciences and technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salma Fadhl
- Laboratory of biotechnology and nuclear technologies, LR16CNSTN01, National centre of nuclear sciences and technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Marzouki
- Laboratory of biotechnology and nuclear technologies, LR16CNSTN01, National centre of nuclear sciences and technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ferjani Dhaouedi
- Laboratory of biotechnology and nuclear technologies, LR16CNSTN01, National centre of nuclear sciences and technologies, Technopole Sidi Thabet, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Claude Chevrier
- UMRCNRS, 6035, Insect Research Biology Institute (IRBI), Faculty of Science and Technology, Tours, France
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Deutscher AT, Burke CM, Darling AE, Riegler M, Reynolds OL, Chapman TA. Near full-length 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing revealed Asaia as a common midgut bacterium of wild and domesticated Queensland fruit fly larvae. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:85. [PMID: 29729663 PMCID: PMC5935925 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota affects tephritid (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit fly development, physiology, behavior, and thus the quality of flies mass-reared for the sterile insect technique (SIT), a target-specific, sustainable, environmentally benign form of pest management. The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Tephritidae), is a significant horticultural pest in Australia and can be managed with SIT. Little is known about the impacts that laboratory-adaptation (domestication) and mass-rearing have on the tephritid larval gut microbiome. Read lengths of previous fruit fly next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies have limited the resolution of microbiome studies, and the diversity within populations is often overlooked. In this study, we used a new near full-length (> 1300 nt) 16S rRNA gene amplicon NGS approach to characterize gut bacterial communities of individual B. tryoni larvae from two field populations (developing in peaches) and three domesticated populations (mass- or laboratory-reared on artificial diets). RESULTS Near full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained for 56 B. tryoni larvae. OTU clustering at 99% similarity revealed that gut bacterial diversity was low and significantly lower in domesticated larvae. Bacteria commonly associated with fruit (Acetobacteraceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Leuconostocaceae) were detected in wild larvae, but were largely absent from domesticated larvae. However, Asaia, an acetic acid bacterium not frequently detected within adult tephritid species, was detected in larvae of both wild and domesticated populations (55 out of 56 larval gut samples). Larvae from the same single peach shared a similar gut bacterial profile, whereas larvae from different peaches collected from the same tree had different gut bacterial profiles. Clustering of the Asaia near full-length sequences at 100% similarity showed that the wild flies from different locations had different Asaia strains. CONCLUSIONS Variation in the gut bacterial communities of B. tryoni larvae depends on diet, domestication, and horizontal acquisition. Bacterial variation in wild larvae suggests that more than one bacterial species can perform the same functional role; however, Asaia could be an important gut bacterium in larvae and warrants further study. A greater understanding of the functions of the bacteria detected in larvae could lead to increased fly quality and performance as part of the SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania T. Deutscher
- Present Address: Biosecurity and Food Safety, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW Australia
| | - Catherine M. Burke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Aaron E. Darling
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Markus Riegler
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW Australia
| | - Olivia L. Reynolds
- Present Address: Biosecurity and Food Safety, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW Australia
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW Australia
| | - Toni A. Chapman
- Present Address: Biosecurity and Food Safety, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW Australia
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79
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Instar- and host-associated differentiation of bacterial communities in the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518170 PMCID: PMC5843337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are acknowledged for their role in shaping insects’ evolution, life history and ecology. Previous studies have shown that microbial communities harbored within insects vary through ontogenetic development and among insects feeding on different host-plant species. In this study, we characterized the bacterial microbiota of the highly polyphagous Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), at different instars and when feeding on different host-plant species. Our results show that the bacterial microbiota hosted within the Mediterranean fruit fly differs among instars and host-plant species. Most of the bacteria harbored by the Mediterranean fruit fly belong to the phylum Proteobacteria, including genera of Alphaproteobacteria such as Acetobacter and Gluconobacter; Betaprotobacteria such as Burkholderia and Gammaproteobacteria such as Pseudomonas.
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80
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Wang Z, Lu Y, Cheng D. The Divergence in Bacterial Components Associated with Bactrocera dorsalis across Developmental Stages. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29449838 PMCID: PMC5799270 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of microbiotas at the macroscale level are largely driven by ecological variables. The diet and living environment of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, diversify during development, providing a natural system to explore convergence, divergence, and repeatability in patterns of microbiota dynamics as a function of the host diet, phylogeny, and environment. Here, we characterized the microbiotas of 47 B. dorsalis individuals from three distinct populations by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. A significant deviation was found within the larvae, pupae, and adults of each population. Pupae were characterized by an increased bacterial taxonomic and functional diversity. Principal components analysis showed that the microbiotas of larvae, pupae, and adults clearly separated into three clusters. Acetobacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were the predominant families in larval and adult samples, and PICRUSt analysis indicated that phosphoglycerate mutases and transketolases were significantly enriched in larvae, while phosphoglycerate mutases, transketolases, and proteases were significantly enriched in adults, which may support the digestive function of the microbiotas in larvae and adults. The abundances of Intrasporangiaceae, Dermabacteraceae (mainly Brachybacterium) and Brevibacteriaceae (mainly Brevibacterium) were significantly higher in pupae, and the antibiotic transport system ATP-binding protein and antibiotic transport system permease protein pathways were significantly enriched there as well, indicating the defensive function of microbiotas in pupae. Overall, differences in the microbiotas of the larvae, pupae, and adults are likely to contribute to differences in nutrient assimilation and living environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhao
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenshi Chen
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daifeng Cheng
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Grouped Microorganism Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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81
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Abstract
Symbiotic microorganisms can influence the fitness of their insect hosts by modulating pheromone production and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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82
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Nikolouli K, Colinet H, Renault D, Enriquez T, Mouton L, Gibert P, Sassu F, Cáceres C, Stauffer C, Pereira R, Bourtzis K. Sterile insect technique and Wolbachia symbiosis as potential tools for the control of the invasive species Drosophila suzukii. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2017; 91:489-503. [PMID: 29568248 PMCID: PMC5847143 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-017-0944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii, a vinegar fly originated from Southeast Asia, has recently invaded western countries, and it has been recognized as an important threat of a wide variety of several commercial soft fruits. This review summarizes the current information about the biology and dispersal of D. suzukii and discusses the current status and prospects of control methods for the management of this pest. We highlight current knowledge and ongoing research on innovative environmental-friendly control methods with emphasis on the sterile insect technique (SIT) and the incompatible insect technique (IIT). SIT has been successfully used for the containment, suppression or even eradication of populations of insect pests. IIT has been proposed as a stand-alone tool or in conjunction with SIT for insect pest control. The principles of SIT and IIT are reviewed, and the potential value of each approach in the management of D. suzukii is analyzed. We thoroughly address the challenges of SIT and IIT, and we propose the use of SIT as a component of an area-wide integrated pest management approach to suppress D. suzukii populations. As a contingency plan, we suggest a promising alternative avenue through the combination of these two techniques, SIT/IIT, which has been developed and is currently being tested in open-field trials against Aedes mosquito populations. All the potential limiting factors that may render these methods ineffective, as well as the requirements that need to be fulfilled before their application, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nikolouli
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Boku, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagramerstrasse 5, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hervé Colinet
- UMR ECOBIO CNRS 6553, Université de Rennes, 1, 263 AVE du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - David Renault
- UMR ECOBIO CNRS 6553, Université de Rennes, 1, 263 AVE du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Thomas Enriquez
- UMR ECOBIO CNRS 6553, Université de Rennes, 1, 263 AVE du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Mouton
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patricia Gibert
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabiana Sassu
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Boku, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagramerstrasse 5, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos Cáceres
- Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagramerstrasse 5, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Stauffer
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Boku, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rui Pereira
- Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagramerstrasse 5, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagramerstrasse 5, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
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83
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Kyritsis GA, Augustinos AA, Cáceres C, Bourtzis K. Medfly Gut Microbiota and Enhancement of the Sterile Insect Technique: Similarities and Differences of Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter sp. AA26 Probiotics during the Larval and Adult Stages of the VIENNA 8 D53+ Genetic Sexing Strain. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2064. [PMID: 29163379 PMCID: PMC5663728 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a major agricultural pest worldwide. The development of genetic sexing strains (GSSs) for this species that allows male-only sterile insects releases has boosted the effectiveness of the environmental friendly pest control method known as the sterile insect technique. The last generation of these strains, the VIENNA 7 and VIENNA 8, are currently used in all mass rearing facilities worldwide and are considered as models for such pest control applications. The sterile insect technique depends on the rearing of sufficient numbers of adequate "biological quality" laboratory flies to be released in the field. Currently, there is an increasing amount of studies focusing on the characterization of the symbiotic communities and development of probiotic diets. In our study, two bacterial isolates, an Enterobacter sp. (strain AA26) and a Klebsiella oxytoca strain, were used as probiotics in larval and adult diet. These strains have been shown to be beneficial, affecting several aspects related to the rearing efficiency and biological quality of the medfly VIENNA 8D53+ GSS. Our results demonstrate the effect of K. oxytoca on the developmental duration of the immature stages and, to some extent, on flight ability. On the other hand, our study does not support the presence of any beneficial effect of (a) K. oxytoca on pupal and adult recovery and adults' survival under stress conditions when provided as a larval diet supplement and (b) K. oxytoca and Enterobacter sp. AA26 on mating competitiveness when provided as adult diet supplements. Possible explanations for inconsistencies with previous studies and the need for universalizing protocols are discussed. Our findings, combined with previous studies can support the sterile insect technique, through the improvement of different aspects of mass rearing and biological properties of laboratory reared insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Kyritsis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonios A Augustinos
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos Cáceres
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
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84
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Chen C, Song X, Wei W, Zhong H, Dai J, Lan Z, Li F, Yu X, Feng Q, Wang Z, Xie H, Chen X, Zeng C, Wen B, Zeng L, Du H, Tang H, Xu C, Xia Y, Xia H, Yang H, Wang J, Wang J, Madsen L, Brix S, Kristiansen K, Xu X, Li J, Wu R, Jia H. The microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract and its relation to uterine-related diseases. Nat Commun 2017; 8:875. [PMID: 29042534 PMCID: PMC5645390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports on bacteria detected in maternal fluids during pregnancy are typically associated with adverse consequences, and whether the female reproductive tract harbours distinct microbial communities beyond the vagina has been a matter of debate. Here we systematically sample the microbiota within the female reproductive tract in 110 women of reproductive age, and examine the nature of colonisation by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and cultivation. We find distinct microbial communities in cervical canal, uterus, fallopian tubes and peritoneal fluid, differing from that of the vagina. The results reflect a microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract, indicative of a non-sterile environment. We also identify microbial taxa and potential functions that correlate with the menstrual cycle or are over-represented in subjects with adenomyosis or infertility due to endometriosis. The study provides insight into the nature of the vagino-uterine microbiome, and suggests that surveying the vaginal or cervical microbiota might be useful for detection of common diseases in the upper reproductive tract. Whether the female reproductive tract harbours distinct microbiomes beyond the vagina has been a matter of debate. Here, the authors show a subject-specific continuity in microbial communities at six sites along the female reproductive tract, indicative of a non-sterile environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiaolei Song
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Weixia Wei
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecological diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Huanzi Zhong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecological diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Zhou Lan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Fei Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xinlei Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of human intestinal microbiome, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Wen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Liping Zeng
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecological diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Hui Du
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecological diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecological diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Changlu Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,Qingdao University-BGI Joint Innovation College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Xia
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huihua Xia
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Lise Madsen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, (NIFES), Postboks 2029, Nordnes, N-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Soltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Junhua Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ruifang Wu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecological diseases, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
| | - Huijue Jia
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
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85
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Assessing the effects of gut bacteria manipulation on the development of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera; Tephritidae). Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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86
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Llopis-Giménez A, Maria González R, Millán-Leiva A, Catalá M, Llacer E, Urbaneja A, Herrero S. Novel RNA viruses producing simultaneous covert infections in Ceratitis capitata. Correlations between viral titers and host fitness, and implications for SIT programs. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 143:50-60. [PMID: 27914927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata is a highly polyphagous pest, which infests multiple species of fruits and vegetables worldwide. In addition to the traditional control with chemical insecticides, sterile insect technique (SIT) has been implemented in integrated programs worldwide, and has become an essential measure for the control of this pest. A key issue for SIT is to release sterile males that are sufficiently competitive with males from the wild population. Using sequence information available in public databases, three novel picornaviruses infecting medflies were discovered and named as C. capitata iflavirus 1 and 2 (CcaIV1 and CcaIV2), and C. capitata noravirus (CcaNV). Additional analyses have revealed the presence of CcaIV2 and CcaNV covertly infecting most of the medfly strains used in the different SIT programs around the world, as well as in field captures in the east of Spain. High viral titers of CcaNV were associated with a reduction in the lifespan of males released to the field for the control of this pest, suggesting the possibility that CcaNV may impair the fitness of sterile flies produced by SIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Llopis-Giménez
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria González
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Anabel Millán-Leiva
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Marta Catalá
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad Asociada de Entomología IVIA-UJI, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Elena Llacer
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad Asociada de Entomología IVIA-UJI, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad Asociada de Entomología IVIA-UJI, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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87
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Gabrieli P, Scolari F. Delivery of Nucleic Acids through Embryo Microinjection in the Worldwide Agricultural Pest Insect, Ceratitis capitata. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768087 DOI: 10.3791/54528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a pest species with extremely high agricultural relevance. This is due to its reproductive behavior: females damage the external surface of fruits and vegetables when they lay eggs and the hatched larvae feed on their pulp. Wild C. capitata populations are traditionally controlled through insecticide spraying and/or eco-friendly approaches, the most successful being the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). The SIT relies on mass-rearing, radiation-based sterilization and field release of males that retain their capacity to mate but are not able to generate fertile progeny. The advent and the subsequent rapid development of biotechnological tools, together with the availability of the medfly genome sequence, has greatly boosted our understanding of the biology of this species. This favored the proliferation of new strategies for genome manipulation, which can be applied to population control. In this context, embryo microinjection plays a dual role in expanding the toolbox for medfly control. The ability to interfere with the function of genes that regulate key biological processes, indeed, expands our understanding of the molecular machinery underlying medfly invasiveness. Furthermore, the ability to achieve germ-line transformation facilitates the production of multiple transgenic strains that can be tested for future field applications in novel SIT settings. Indeed, genetic manipulation can be used to confer desirable traits that can, for example, be used to monitor sterile male performance in the field, or that can result in early life-stage lethality. Here we describe a method to microinject nucleic acids into medfly embryos to achieve these two main goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia
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88
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Hafsi A, Facon B, Ravigné V, Chiroleu F, Quilici S, Chermiti B, Duyck PF. Host plant range of a fruit fly community (Diptera: Tephritidae): does fruit composition influence larval performance? BMC Ecol 2016; 16:40. [PMID: 27650549 PMCID: PMC5030732 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phytophagous insects differ in their degree of specialisation on host plants, and range from strictly monophagous species that can develop on only one host plant to extremely polyphagous species that can develop on hundreds of plant species in many families. Nutritional compounds in host fruits affect several larval traits that may be related to adult fitness. In this study, we determined the relationship between fruit nutrient composition and the degree of host specialisation of seven of the eight tephritid species present in La Réunion; these species are known to have very different host ranges in natura. In the laboratory, larval survival, larval developmental time, and pupal weight were assessed on 22 fruit species occurring in La Réunion. In addition, data on fruit nutritional composition were obtained from existing databases. Results For each tephritid, the three larval traits were significantly affected by fruit species and the effects of fruits on larval traits differed among tephritids. As expected, the polyphagous species Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis catoirii, C. rosa, and C. capitata were able to survive on a larger range of fruits than the oligophagous species Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Dacus demmerezi, and Neoceratitis cyanescens. Pupal weight was positively correlated with larval survival and was negatively correlated with developmental time for polyphagous species. Canonical correspondence analysis of the relationship between fruit nutrient composition and tephritid survival showed that polyphagous species survived better than oligophagous ones in fruits containing higher concentrations of carbohydrate, fibre, and lipid. Conclusion Nutrient composition of host fruit at least partly explains the suitability of host fruits for larvae. Completed with female preferences experiments these results will increase our understanding of factors affecting tephritid host range. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12898-016-0094-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Hafsi
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 97410, Saint Pierre, France.,Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott-Mariem, Laboratoire d'Entomologie et de Lutte Biologique, Université de Sousse, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Benoit Facon
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 97410, Saint Pierre, France.,UMR « Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations », INRA-SPE, 755 avenue du Campus, Agropolis, CS 30016, 34988, Montferrier sur Lez, Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Brahim Chermiti
- Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chott-Mariem, Laboratoire d'Entomologie et de Lutte Biologique, Université de Sousse, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Pierre-François Duyck
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 97410, Saint Pierre, France. .,UMR « Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical », CIRAD Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 chemin de l'Irat, 97410, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France.
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89
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Berasategui A, Shukla S, Salem H, Kaltenpoth M. Potential applications of insect symbionts in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:1567-1577. [PMID: 26659224 PMCID: PMC4737797 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic interactions between insects and microorganisms are widespread in nature and are often the source of ecological innovations. In addition to supplementing their host with essential nutrients, microbial symbionts can produce enzymes that help degrade their food source as well as small molecules that defend against pathogens, parasites, and predators. As such, the study of insect ecology and symbiosis represents an important source of chemical compounds and enzymes with potential biotechnological value. In addition, the knowledge on insect symbiosis can provide novel avenues for the control of agricultural pest insects and vectors of human diseases, through targeted manipulation of the symbionts or the host-symbiont associations. Here, we discuss different insect-microbe interactions that can be exploited for insect pest and human disease control, as well as in human medicine and industrial processes. Our aim is to raise awareness that insect symbionts can be interesting sources of biotechnological applications and that knowledge on insect ecology can guide targeted efforts to discover microorganisms of applied value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Berasategui
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
- Biochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Shantanu Shukla
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Hassan Salem
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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90
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Prosdocimi EM, Mapelli F, Gonella E, Borin S, Crotti E. Microbial ecology-based methods to characterize the bacterial communities of non-model insects. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 119:110-25. [PMID: 26476138 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Among the animals of the Kingdom Animalia, insects are unparalleled for their widespread diffusion, diversity and number of occupied ecological niches. In recent years they have raised researcher interest not only because of their importance as human and agricultural pests, disease vectors and as useful breeding species (e.g. honeybee and silkworm), but also because of their suitability as animal models. It is now fully recognized that microorganisms form symbiotic relationships with insects, influencing their survival, fitness, development, mating habits and the immune system and other aspects of the biology and ecology of the insect host. Thus, any research aimed at deepening the knowledge of any given insect species (perhaps species of applied interest or species emerging as novel pests or vectors) must consider the characterization of the associated microbiome. The present review critically examines the microbiology and molecular ecology techniques that can be applied to the taxonomical and functional analysis of the microbiome of non-model insects. Our goal is to provide an overview of current approaches and methods addressing the ecology and functions of microorganisms and microbiomes associated with insects. Our focus is on operational details, aiming to provide a concise guide to currently available advanced techniques, in an effort to extend insect microbiome research beyond simple descriptions of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Prosdocimi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mapelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Elena Gonella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Sara Borin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Elena Crotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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