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Abstract
The paternal contribution to fertilization and embryogenesis is frequently overlooked as the spermatozoon is often considered to be a silent vessel whose only function is to safely deliver the paternal genome to the maternal oocyte. In this article, we hope to demonstrate that this perception is far from the truth. Typically, infertile men have been unable to conceive naturally (or through regular IVF), and therefore, a perturbation of the genetic integrity of sperm heads in infertile males has been under-considered. The advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) however has led to very successful treatment of male factor infertility and subsequent widespread use in IVF clinics worldwide. Until recently, little concern has been raised about the genetic quality of sperm in ICSI patients or the impact genetic aberrations could have on fertility and embryogenesis. This review highlights the importance of chromatin packaging in the sperm nucleus as essential for the establishment and maintenance of a viable pregnancy.
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52
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Sakkas D, Ramalingam M, Garrido N, Barratt CLR. Sperm selection in natural conception: what can we learn from Mother Nature to improve assisted reproduction outcomes? Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:711-26. [PMID: 26386468 PMCID: PMC4594619 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In natural conception only a few sperm cells reach the ampulla or the site of fertilization. This population is a selected group of cells since only motile cells can pass through cervical mucus and gain initial entry into the female reproductive tract. In animals, some studies indicate that the sperm selected by the reproductive tract and recovered from the uterus and the oviducts have higher fertilization rates but this is not a universal finding. Some species show less discrimination in sperm selection and abnormal sperm do arrive at the oviduct. In contrast, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) utilize a more random sperm population. In this review we contrast the journey of the spermatozoon in vivo and in vitro and discuss this in the context of developing new sperm preparation and selection techniques for ART. METHODS A review of the literature examining characteristics of the spermatozoa selected in vivo is compared with recent developments in in vitro selection and preparation methods. Contrasts and similarities are presented. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS New technologies are being developed to aid in the diagnosis, preparation and selection of spermatozoa in ART. To date progress has been frustrating and these methods have provided variable benefits in improving outcomes after ART. It is more likely that examining the mechanisms enforced by nature will provide valuable information in regard to sperm selection and preparation techniques in vitro. Identifying the properties of those spermatozoa which do reach the oviduct will also be important for the development of more effective tests of semen quality. In this review we examine the value of sperm selection to see how much guidance for ART can be gleaned from the natural selection processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Sakkas
- Boston IVF, 130 Second Ave, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Mythili Ramalingam
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD19SY, UK
| | | | - Christopher L R Barratt
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee DD19SY, UK
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53
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Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, López-Fernández C, Johnston SD, Blyde D, Cooper J, Harrison K, de la Fuente J, Gosálvez J. Effect of cryopreservation on the sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:227-235. [PMID: 25604784 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sperm DNA fragmentation is one of the major causes of infertility; the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt) evaluates this parameter and offers the advantage of species-specific validated protocol and ease of use under field conditions. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics in both fresh and post-thaw bottlenose dolphin sperm using the SCDt following different cryopreservation protocols to gain new information about the post-thaw differential sperm DNA longevity in this species. Fresh and cryopreserved semen samples from five bottlenose dolphins were examined for sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics using the SCDt (Halomax(®)). Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed immediately at collection and following cryopreservation (T0) and then after 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation at 37°C. Serially collected ejaculates from four dolphins were frozen using different cryopreservation protocols in a TES-TRIS-fructose buffer (TTF), an egg-yolk-free vegetable lipid LP1 buffer (LP1) and human sperm preservation medium (HSPM). Fresh ejaculated spermatozoa initially showed low levels of DNA fragmentation for up to 48 h. Lower Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was found in the second fresh ejaculate compared to the first when more than one sample was collected on the same day (p < 0.05); this difference was not apparent in any other seminal characteristic. While there was no difference observed in SDF between fresh and frozen-thawed sperm using the different cryopreservation protocols immediately after thawing (T0), frozen-thawed spermatozoa incubated at 37°C showed an increase in the rate of SDF after 24 h. Sperm frozen in the LP1(℗) buffer had higher levels (p < 0.05) of DNA fragmentation after 24- and 48-h incubation than those frozen in TTF or HSPM. No correlation was found between any seminal characteristic and DNA fragmentation in either fresh and/or frozen-thawed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Genetics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - S D Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - D Blyde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia.,Sea World, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - J Cooper
- Just Genes Artificial Breeding Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K Harrison
- Queensland Fertility Group, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Genetics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
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54
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A simple sperm DNA toroid integrity test and risk of miscarriage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:780983. [PMID: 25649376 PMCID: PMC4310444 DOI: 10.1155/2015/780983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current methods of analyzing sperm chromatin competency overlook the inner sperm compartment which is inaccessible to probes and reagents. By breaking the molecular protamine disulfide bridges, the DNA toroids are exposed to integrity analysis. The aim was to develop a simple nuclear toroid test and determine its association with fertilization, pregnancy, and miscarriage. The approach involved treating washed sperm remaining after ICSI procedures (N=35 cases) with acidified Triton X-100 and dithiothreitol (DTT) before Diff-Quik staining. Percentages of sperm with normal chromatin indicated by light-colored nuclei were assessed. The toroid integrity test showed more sperm with normal chromatin in the pregnant group (73.6±1.7%, mean±SEM) when compared with the miscarriage (51.2±6.6%) or nonpregnant groups (60.9±4.8%). Furthermore, the toroid results were correlated with ICSI fertilization (R=0.32, P=0.04) and pregnancy outcome (pregnant cases 73.6±1.7% versus nonpregnant 58.0±3.9%, P=0.001). ROC calculated cut-off was >70.0% for normal toroid integrity (sensitivity 0.98, specificity 0.33, and diagnostic accuracy 78.3%). An association between normal sperm toroid integrity and miscarriage was evident when the staining procedure included acidified detergent DTT pretreatment.
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55
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Jurewicz J, Radwan M, Wielgomas B, Sobala W, Piskunowicz M, Radwan P, Bochenek M, Hanke W. The effect of environmental exposure to pyrethroids and DNA damage in human sperm. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 61:37-43. [PMID: 25376306 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.981886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate whether environmental exposure to pyrethroids was associated with sperm DNA damage. Between January 2008 and April 2011 286 men under 45 years of age with a normal sperm concentration of 15-300 10(6)/ml [WHO 2010] were recruited from an infertility clinic in Lodz, Poland. Participants were interviewed and provided urine, saliva, and semen samples. The pyrethroids metabolites: 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (CDCCA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TDCCA), and cis-2,2-dibromovinyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylic acid (DBCA) were analyzed in the urine using a validated gas chromatography ion-tap mass spectrometry method. Sperm DNA damage was assessed using a flow cytometry based on sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). A positive association was observed between CDCCA >50th percentile and the percentage of medium DNA fragmentation index (M DFI) and percentage of immature sperms (HDS) (p = 0.04, p = 0.04 respectively). The level of 3PBA >50th percentile in urine was positively related to the percentage of high DNA fragmentation index (H DFI) (p = 0.03). The TDCCA, DBCA levels, and the sum of pyrethroid metabolites were not associated with any sperm DNA damage measures. Our results suggest that environmental pyrethroid exposure may affect sperm DNA damage measures index indicated the reproductive effects of pyrethroid exposure on adult men. In view of the importance of human reproductive health and the widespread usage of pyrethroids, it is important to further investigate these correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz
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56
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Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, López-Fernández C, Martínez-Nevado E, Pérez-Gutiérrez JF, de la Fuente J, Johnston SD, Blyde D, Harrison K, Gosálvez J. Validation of a Field Based Chromatin Dispersion Assay to Assess Sperm DNA Fragmentation in the Bottlenose Dolphin(Tursiops truncatus). Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:761-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
| | | | - JF Pérez-Gutiérrez
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - SD Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
| | - D Blyde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
- Seaworld; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - K Harrison
- Queensland Fertility Group; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
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57
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Komiya A, Kawauchi Y, Kato T, Watanabe A, Tanii I, Fuse H. Sperm nuclear vacuoles in relation to acrosome reactions and sperm motility. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:178970. [PMID: 25097868 PMCID: PMC4109670 DOI: 10.1155/2014/178970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated sperm nuclear vacuolation in relation to acrosome reactions and the maintenance of sperm motility. Thirty male patients who visited our Male Infertility Clinic were enrolled. These patients underwent conventional semen analyses, Acrobeads tests, and high-magnification observation of the sperm head to evaluate the degree of nuclear vacuolation on the Acrobeads test scoring after 24 hours of incubation. The presence of acrosome reactions was evaluated using the Acrobeads test. The spermatozoa were classified into three groups: (I) those bound to MH61-beads, (II) motile spermatozoa that did not bind to MH61-beads, and (III) immotile spermatozoa that did not bind to MH61-beads. The percentage of spermatozoa with large nuclear vacuoles (%LNV) was compared between the three groups. The degree of sperm nuclear vacuolation was evaluated in 17,992 ejaculated spermatozoa. The mean %LNVs were 2.4% in group I, 5.8% in group II, and 9.8% in group III. These values were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001, paired t-test). There were no correlations between the %LNV values and the Acrobeads scores. In conclusion, the degree of sperm nuclear vacuolation was significantly lower in the acrosome-reacted spermatozoa and spermatozoa with maintained motility, and higher in the immotile spermatozoa that did not bind to MH61-beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Komiya
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kato
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akihiko Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tanii
- Department of Medical Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hideki Fuse
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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58
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Garolla A, Selice R, Engl B, Bertoldo A, Menegazzo M, Finos L, Lenzi A, Foresta C. Spermatid count as a predictor of response to FSH therapy. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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59
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Ni W, Xiao S, Qiu X, Jin J, Pan C, Li Y, Fei Q, Yang X, Zhang L, Huang X. Effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on clinical outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer and on blastocyst formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94956. [PMID: 24733108 PMCID: PMC3986272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, many studies have shown the possible influence of sperm DNA fragmentation on assisted reproductive technique outcomes. However, little is known about the impact of sperm DNA fragmentation on the clinical outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) from cycles of conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In the present study, the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and FET clinical outcomes in IVF and ICSI cycles was analyzed. A total of 1082 FET cycles with cleavage stage embryos (C-FET) (855 from IVF and 227 from ICSI) and 653 frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles (B-FET) (525 from IVF and 128 from ICSI) were included. There was no significant change in clinical pregnancy, biochemical pregnancy and miscarriage rates in the group with a SDF >30% compared with the group with a SDF ≤30% in IVF and ICSI cycles with C-FET or B-FET. Also, there was no significant impact on the FET clinic outcome in IVF and ICSI when different values of SDF (such as 10%, 20%, 25%, 35%, and 40%) were taken as proposed threshold levels. However, the blastulation rates were significantly higher in the SDF ≤30% group in ICSI cycle. Taken together, our data show that sperm DNA fragmentation measured by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) test is not associated with clinical outcome of FET in IVF and ICSI. Nonetheless, SDF is related to the blastocyst formation in ICSI cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhua Ni
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiquan Xiao
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiufang Qiu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyuan Jin
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengshuang Pan
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianjin Fei
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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60
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Fertilität bei Männern über 40 Jahren. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-013-0581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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61
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Sperm DNA fragmentation and its role in wildlife conservation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 753:357-84. [PMID: 25091917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Until about 20 years ago, sperm assessment in the laboratory was focused on motility, morphology and acrosomal integrity. Then came the gradual realisation that, because the main objective of a spermatozoon is to deliver an intact genetic payload of DNA to the egg, being able to check DNA quality of spermatozoa would be equally important, if not more so. Research over the last two decades has therefore led to the development of several techniques for reliably detecting DNA strand breaks, and the more recent focus has been directed towards understanding the fertility implications of DNA damage. It is now clear that evolutionary history has played an important role in determining the stability of sperm DNA under stressful conditions, and that the nature of the DNA-protein interactions also influence the extent to which fertility is affected by both technical procedures involved in sperm preservation and the basic biology of the species concerned. Here we present an overview of the principles involved in DNA assessment and also provide some cases studies that illustrate the influences of species diversity.
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62
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Noblanc A, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Karrich B, Henry-Berger J, Cadet R, Saez F, Guiton R, Janny L, Pons-Rejraji H, Alvarez JG, Drevet JR, Kocer A. DNA oxidative damage in mammalian spermatozoa: where and why is the male nucleus affected? Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:719-723. [PMID: 23954469 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gamete DNA integrity is one key parameter conditioning reproductive success as well as the quality of life for the offspring. In particular, damage to the male nucleus can have profound negative effects on the outcome of fertilization. Because of the absence of repair activity of the quiescent mature spermatozoa it is easily subjected to nuclear damage, of which oxidative damage is by far the most prominent. In relation to the organization of the mammalian sperm nucleus we show here that one can correlate the nuclear regions of lower compaction with areas preferentially showing oxidative damage. More precisely, we show that oxidative DNA damage targets primarily histone-rich and nuclear matrix-attached domains located in the peripheral and basal regions of the mouse sperm nucleus. These particular sperm DNA domains were recently shown to be enriched in genes of paramount importance in postfertilization DNA replication events and in the onset of the embryonic developmental program. We propose that monitoring of sperm DNA oxidation using the type of assay presented here should be considered in clinical practice when one wants to estimate the integrity of the paternal nucleus along with more classical assays that essentially analyze DNA fragmentation and nucleus compaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Noblanc
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Bouchta Karrich
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Joelle Henry-Berger
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Rémi Cadet
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Rachel Guiton
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Janny
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France; CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hanae Pons-Rejraji
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France; CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Juan G Alvarez
- Centro Androgen, La Coruña, Spain; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joël R Drevet
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France.
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Genetic Reproduction and Development, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
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63
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Gosálvez J, Caballero P, López-Fernández C, Ortega L, Guijarro JA, Fernández JL, Johnston SD, Nuñez-Calonge R. Can DNA fragmentation of neat or swim-up spermatozoa be used to predict pregnancy following ICSI of fertile oocyte donors? Asian J Androl 2013; 15:812-8. [PMID: 24121979 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the potential of assessing sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) from neat semen and the subsequent swim-up (SU) procedure to predict pregnancy when conducting ICSI of fertile donor oocytes. Infertile females (n=81) were transferred embryos resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of their partner's spermatozoa and proven donor oocytes. This model normalized the impact of female factor in putative sperm DNA repair. Semen was blindly assessed for SDF using Halosperm immediately following ejaculation (NS) and after swim-up at the time of ICSI fertilisation. There was a decrease in SDF values of the ejaculated semen sample following the swim-up protocol (P=0.000). Interestingly, pregnancy could be equally predicted from SDF values derived from either neat or swim-up semen samples. Receiver operator curves and the derived Youden's indices determined SDF cutoff values for NS and SU of 24.8% and 17.5%, respectively. Prediction of pregnancy from NS SDF had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 69%, whereas for SU SDF was 78% and 73%, respectively. While increased levels of SDF negatively impact reproductive outcome, we have shown that a reduction in SDF following sperm selection using ICSI with proven donor oocytes is not mandatory for achieving pregnancy. This suggests that a certain level of DNA damage that is not detectable using current technologies could be impacting on the relative success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. Consequently, we propose a modification of the so called 'iceberg model' as a possible rationale for understanding the role of SDF in reproductive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gosálvez
- Faculty of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Burruel V, Klooster KL, Chitwood J, Ross PJ, Meyers SA. Oxidative damage to rhesus macaque spermatozoa results in mitotic arrest and transcript abundance changes in early embryos. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:72. [PMID: 23904511 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether oxidative damage of rhesus macaque sperm induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro would affect embryo development following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of metaphase II (MII) oocytes. Fresh rhesus macaque spermatozoa were treated with ROS as follows: 1 mM xanthine and 0.1 U/ml xanthine oxidase (XXO) at 37°C and 5% CO₂ in air for 2.25 h. Sperm were then assessed for motility, viability, and lipid peroxidation. Motile ROS-treated and control sperm were used for ICSI of MII oocytes. Embryo culture was evaluated for 3 days for development to the eight-cell stage. Embryos were fixed and stained for signs of cytoplasmic and nuclear abnormalities. Gene expression was analyzed by RNA-Seq in two-cell embryos from control and treated groups. Exposure of sperm to XXO resulted in increased lipid peroxidation and decreased sperm motility. ICSI of MII oocytes with motile sperm induced similar rates of fertilization and cleavage between treatments. Development to four- and eight-cell stage was significantly lower for embryos generated with ROS-treated sperm than for controls. All embryos produced from ROS-treated sperm demonstrated permanent embryonic arrest and varying degrees of degeneration and nuclear fragmentation, changes that are suggestive of prolonged senescence or apoptotic cell death. RNA-Seq analysis of two-cell embryos showed changes in transcript abundance resulting from sperm treatment with ROS. Differentially expressed genes were enriched for processes associated with cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, and protein phosphorylation. ROS-induced damage to sperm adversely affects embryo development by contributing to mitotic arrest after ICSI of MII rhesus oocytes. Changes in transcript abundance in embryos destined for mitotic arrest is evident at the two-cell stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Burruel
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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Abstract
Later parenting is considered by many to have advantages, parents-to-be may feel themselves more stable to rear children. In addition, many men start a second family later in life. Thus, paternal age becomes an emerging issue. Aging affects male fertility by a scope of factors, which are not fully understood to date. Generally, the amount of produced sperm cells as well as their motility decreases with age, as testicular histological architecture deteriorates. Decreased fecundity and an increased risk for disturbed pregnancies occur with advancing paternal age. Some rare autosomal dominant pathologies are clearly related to paternal age. Altered patterns of epigenetics/gene expression in aging sperm seem to affect a range of neurocognitive disorders and also metabolic dyshomeostasis across generations. Such effects refer to men older than 40 years and may have impact on socio-economic issues. Nevertheless, councelling of older men seeking paternity should be patient-oriented and weigh statistical probabilities against the right for individual life-planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zitzmann
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology/Clinical Andrology, Domagkstrasse 11, D-48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Komiya A, Watanabe A, Kato T, Kawauchi Y, Fuse H. Observation of spermatozoa by a high-magnification microscope. Reprod Med Biol 2013; 13:21-28. [PMID: 29662368 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-013-0164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen analyses are the primary tool for evaluating male infertility, as semen parameters are useful for predicting potential fertility. In the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART), the single best motile spermatozoon should be selected, especially when performing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In this context, the motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME) was developed as a method of assessing the detailed morphology of motile spermatozoa in real time at a magnification of up to 6,300× on a video system. The use of ICSI with MSOME-selected sperm is called intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI). IMSI improves the outcomes of ICSI. MSOME can be also applied to evaluate male infertility. Among MSOME parameters, the presence of sperm nuclear vacuoles is the most important finding. Large sperm nuclear vacuoles (LNV) are related not only to poor ART outcomes, but also to poor semen quality and sperm DNA damage, such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation failure. It has been suggested that sperm head vacuoles are produced at earlier stages of sperm maturation. It is possible that the number of LNV can be decreased by surgical or medical treatment for male infertility. Therefore, the level of LNV has the potential to be used as an alternative parameter of semen quality and a new tool for evaluating the therapeutic effects of treatment in male patients with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Komiya
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Akihiko Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Tomonori Kato
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Yoko Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Hideki Fuse
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama Toyama Japan
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67
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Lo Monte G, Murisier F, Piva I, Germond M, Marci R. Focus on intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI): a mini-review. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:608-15. [PMID: 23832017 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is the recommended treatment in many cases of male-factor infertility. Several studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between optimal sperm morphology and positive ICSI outcomes. In fact, spermatozoa with severe abnormalities of the head are well documented to be associated with low fertilisation, implantation and pregnancy rates. However, a spermatozoon which is classified as 'normal' by microscopic observation at low magnification could contain ultrastructural defects that impair both the fertilisation process and embryonic development. The intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) procedure changed the perception of how a spermatozoon suitable for injection should appear. Sperm selection is carried out at ×6000 magnification, allowing improved assessment of the sperm nucleus. Currently, standardized clinical indications for IMSI are lacking and the candidates are selected on the grounds of their medical history or of a careful analysis of the sperm suspension. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm the advantages of IMSI in specific groups of patients. In addition to providing a brief overview of the IMSI procedure, this study aims to review the literature, which explains the theoretical basis and the clinical outcomes of this technique. Several reports show that IMSI is associated with improved implantation and clinical pregnancy rates as well as lower abortion rates when compared to ICSI. Although a possible correlation between the sperm's abnormal nucleus shape, increased DNA fragmentation and negative laboratory and clinical outcomes has been long investigated, the results are conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lo Monte
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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68
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Sánchez-Martín P, Sánchez-Martín F, González-Martínez M, Gosálvez J. Increased pregnancy after reduced male abstinence. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 59:256-60. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2013.790919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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69
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Nuñez-Calonge R, Caballero P, López-Fernández C, Guijarro JA, Fernández JL, Johnston S, Gosálvez J. An improved experimental model for understanding the impact of sperm DNA fragmentation on human pregnancy following ICSI. Reprod Sci 2013; 19:1163-8. [PMID: 23064692 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112459238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using donor oocytes of proven fertility, the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and motility on reproductive success was examined in 70 couples undergoing ICSI. Both SDF and sperm motility were assessed at the time of sperm injection and using the same sperm sample that was processed for ICSI. While there was no difference in the fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality, or sperm motility between pregnant and nonpregnant couples, the SDF of nonpregnant couples (SDF = 23.9%) was higher than that of pregnant couples (SDF = 17.0%; U Mann-Whitney 347; P = .002). Using a combination of the sensitivity and specificity measures from the production of ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) curves and the Youden index, we determined a threshold SDF value for our data set of 17% for predicting pregnancy (77.8% sensitivity and 71.1% specificity). Our results suggest that proven donor oocytes in combination with SDF assessment at the time of sperm injection represent a useful experimental model for reducing the confounding influences of sperm DNA repair by the oocyte and iatrogenic sperm damage.
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70
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Gosálvez J, Migueles B, López-Fernández C, Sanchéz-Martín F, Sáchez-Martín P. Single sperm selection and DNA fragmentation analysis: The case of MSOME/IMSI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ns.2013.57a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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71
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Wogatzky J, Wirleitner B, Stecher A, Vanderzwalmen P, Neyer A, Spitzer D, Schuff M, Schechinger B, Zech NH. The combination matters--distinct impact of lifestyle factors on sperm quality: a study on semen analysis of 1683 patients according to MSOME criteria. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:115. [PMID: 23265183 PMCID: PMC3575231 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sperm quality can negatively affect embryonic development and IVF outcome. This study is aimed at investigating the influence of various lifestyle factors on semen quality according to MSOME (motile sperm organelle morphology examination) criteria. METHODS 1683 male patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in our clinic were surveyed about their age, BMI (body mass index), ejaculation frequency, nutrition, sports, sleeping habits and social behavior. Semen samples were collected and evaluation of semen parameters according to MSOME and WHO criteria was performed. Results were grouped and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Although single parameters had minor effects on sperm parameter, the combination of age, BMI, coffee intake, ejaculatory frequency and duration of sexual abstinence were identified as factors having a negative effect on sperm motility. Additionally, we could demonstrate that MSOME quality was reduced. The negative impact of age, BMI and coffee intake on sperm quality could be compensated if patients had a high ejaculation frequency and shorter periods of sexual abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Combinations of adverse lifestyle factors could have a detrimental impact on sperm, not only in terms of motility and sperm count but also in terms of sperm head vacuolization. This negative impact was shown to be compensated by higher ejaculation frequency and a shorter period of sexual abstinence. The compensation is most likely due to a shorter storage time in the male gonads, thus reducing the duration of sperms' exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wogatzky
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
| | | | - Astrid Stecher
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
| | - Pierre Vanderzwalmen
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
- Centre Hospitalier Inter Régional Cavell (CHIREC), 1420 Braine-l‘alleud, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anton Neyer
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
| | - Dietmar Spitzer
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Salzburg, Innsbrucker Bundesstr. 35, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Maximilian Schuff
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
| | | | - Nicolas H Zech
- IVF Centers Prof Zech-Bregenz, Roemerstrasse 2, Bregenz, 6900, Austria
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72
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Khadem N, Poorhoseyni A, Jalali M, Akbary A, Heydari ST. Sperm DNA fragmentation in couples with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions. Andrologia 2012; 46:126-30. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Khadem
- Women's Health Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Poorhoseyni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Gonabad University of Medical Sciences; Gonabad Iran
| | - M. Jalali
- Montasriyeh Infertility Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Akbary
- Department of Psychiatry; Gonabad University of Medical Sciences; Gonabad Iran
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73
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Conde J, Baptista PV, Hernández Y, Sanz V, de la Fuente JM. Modification of plasmid DNA topology by ‘histone-mimetic’ gold nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1657-66. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Our aim is to explore whether gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with a carboxylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) and protamine (AuNP@PEG@Prot) can modulate - enhance or restrain - DNA condensation, altering DNA conformation and inducing structural changes. Understanding how these nanoconjugates modulate DNA structure, size and shape of DNA condensates, and enable control over the resulting 3D structures is of major biological and therapeutic importance. Materials & methods: Citrate-AuNPs were covered with a dense layer of a hetero-functional octa(ethylene glycol) (SH-EG(8)-COOH). Conjugation of protamine to the AuNP@PEG was achieved by taking advantage of the carboxylated surface previously generated on the surface of the NP and the remaining amino groups from the protamine, using carbodiimide and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide coupling reactions. Results & conclusion: AuNP@PEG@Prot modulates the structure and topology of DNA, not only for condensation, but also for decondensation, via formation of higher quantities of dimers and multimers, when compared with AuNP@PEG and free protamine. Original submitted 16 July 2011; Revised submitted 9 January 2012; Published online 14 May 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- João Conde
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Genética Molecular Humana (CIGMH), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- Centro de Investigação em Genética Molecular Humana (CIGMH), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Yulan Hernández
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Sanz
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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Komiya A, Watanabe A, Kawauchi Y, Fuse H. Sperm with large nuclear vacuoles and semen quality in the evaluation of male infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2012; 59:13-20. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2012.729174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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75
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The true impact of the current sperm DNA fragmentation testing needs further scrutiny to assess whether clinically meaningful information is conveyed. RECENT FINDINGS Various studies have suggested different or no threshold values with assorted tests for the percentage of DNA fragmentation in the ejaculated sperm above which natural conception, fertilization or embryo development and/or clinical pregnancy rates are compromised. Current DNA fragmentation assessment methods provide very little specific information on the nature and severity of the DNA damage detected. Although sperm DNA fragmentation is associated with lower pregnancy rates through natural conception or intrauterine insemination, it does not seem to affect intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. Although animal studies demonstrated adverse reproductive effects of sperm DNA fragmentation, any conclusive evidence in humans is yet to be demonstrated. It is not clear whether interventions aimed at enrichment of sperm with decreased DNA fragmentation are effective in preventing the potential adverse effects of sperm DNA fragmentation in humans. Major concern about the use of sperm DNA integrity tests as prognostic parameters is that the direct evaluation of DNA fragmentation in individual sperm fertilizing the oocyte is not possible. SUMMARY The lack of consensus in defining a clinically relevant standard DNA fragmentation test with a meaningful cut-off level brings challenges in implementing the routine use of sperm DNA integrity assessment in daily practice.
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Crespo F, Gutiérrez-Cepeda L, Gosalvez J, Serres C, Johnston SD. Colloidal Centrifugation of Stallion Semen Results in a Reduced Rate of Sperm DNA Fragmentation. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:e23-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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77
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Hammoud I, Boitrelle F, Ferfouri F, Vialard F, Bergere M, Wainer B, Bailly M, Albert M, Selva J. Selection of normal spermatozoa with a vacuole-free head (x6300) improves selection of spermatozoa with intact DNA in patients with high sperm DNA fragmentation rates. Andrologia 2012; 45:163-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - B. Wainer
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics and Gynecology; Hospital of Poissy; Poissy; France
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Mozdarani H, Ghoraeian P. Efficient combined FISH and PRINS technique for detection of DAZ microdeletion in human sperm. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:979-84. [PMID: 22648284 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) now offers an effective therapeutic option for men with male infertility and is believed to allow transmission of genetically determined infertility to the male offspring. Transmission of DAZ (Deleted in Azoospermia) microdeletion is one of the major concerns for oligo and severe oligozoospermia patients. Screening of the Y chromosome microdeletion in the diagnostic work-up of infertile men is mainly done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood leukocytes. However, there are evidences showing that presence of DAZ in somatic cells might not be indicative of its presence in germ cell lineage. In this report we are going to describe a combined Primed in situ labeling (PRINS) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to show the localization of DAZ gene as well as Y chromosome centromere on sperm nuclei. PRINS is a combination of FISH and in situ polymerization provides another approach for in situ chromosomal detection. In the present study the PRINS primers specific for DAZ genes and traditional direct labeled centromere FISH probes for Y and X chromosomes were used in order to simultaneously detect DAZ genes and sex chromosome aneuploidy in sperm samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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79
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Noblanc A, Kocer A, Drevet JR. [Post-testicular protection of male gametes from oxidative damage. The role of the epididymis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:519-25. [PMID: 22643006 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012285017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa leave the testis in an immature functional state and are devoid of self defense mechanisms. They will become motile and ready to fertilize only after their descent and their progressive maturation within the epididymal tubule. The epididymis also ensures the survival and the protection of male gametes while they go through the epididymis and during their storage in between two ejaculations. Amongst common stresses that concern spermatozoa, oxidative stress occupies a peculiar and dual position. While the events of epididymal sperm maturation necessitate a given level of oxidation, spermatozoa are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage. A fine balance between beneficial oxidation versus detrimental oxidative damage has to be maintained in the epididymal environment. Antioxidant enzymes of the glutathione peroxidase family play a key role in controling such a situation in the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Noblanc
- Laboratoire génétique, reproduction et développement (GReD), CNRS UMR 6293, Clermont Université, Inserm U1103, 24, avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
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Knez K, Tomazevic T, Zorn B, Vrtacnik-Bokal E, Virant-Klun I. Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection improves development and quality of preimplantation embryos in teratozoospermia patients. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:168-79. [PMID: 22717245 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This prospective randomized study investigated whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome can be improved with sperm preselection under ×6000 magnification and intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) in patients with teratozoospermia and characterized embryo development and quality regarding sperm morphology and presence of head vacuoles. Couples with isolated teratozoospermia were divided into two groups: IMSI group (n=52) and ICSI group (n=70) and fertilization, blastocyst and clinical pregnancy rates were compared. Oocytes from 30 randomly chosen patients from the IMSI group were injected with spermatozoa that had been previously classified under ×6000 magnification into four classes according to the number and size of vacuoles in the head and then cultured separately. Pronuclear morphology, embryo development and blastomere viability were estimated to investigate the influence of sperm morphology, especially vacuoles, on embryo developmental capacity. A significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate was achieved in the IMSI group compared with the ICSI group (48% versus 24%, P<0.05). Fertilization with spermatozoa without head vacuoles yielded higher number of morphologically normal zygotes, higher blastocyst rate and smaller proportion of arrested embryos than spermatozoa with vacuoles and other head defects. IMSI is a method of choice in patients with teratozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Knez
- Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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81
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Imrat P, Hernandez M, Rittem S, Thongtip N, Mahasawangkul S, Gosálvez J, Holt W. The dynamics of sperm DNA stability in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa before and after cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2012; 77:998-1007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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82
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Xiao J, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhou Y, Lin H, Wu X, Chen M, Xiao W. Effects of the insemination of hydrogen peroxide-treated epididymal mouse spermatozoa on γH2AX repair and embryo development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38742. [PMID: 22745678 PMCID: PMC3383764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation of human semen for assisted reproduction is complicated by cryodamage to spermatozoa caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used exogenous ROS (H(2)O(2)) to simulate cryopreservation and examined DNA damage repair in embryos fertilized with sperm with H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage. Sperm samples were collected from epididymis of adult male KM mice and treated with capacitation medium (containing 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM H(2)O(2)) or cryopreservation. The model of DNA-damaged sperm was based on sperm motility, viability and the expression of γH2AX, the DNA damage-repair marker. We examined fertility rate, development, cell cleavage, and γH2AX level in embryos fertilized with DNA-damaged sperm. Cryopreservation and 1-mM H(2)O(2) treatment produced similar DNA damage. Most of the one- and two-cell embryos fertilized with DNA-damaged sperm showed a delay in cleavage before the blastocyst stage. Immunocytochemistry revealed γH2AX in the one- and four-cell embryos. CONCLUSIONS γH2AX may be involved in repair of preimplantation embryos fertilized with oxygen-stressed spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xiao
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Reproductive Center, Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Qinzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Li
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongcui Zhou
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Lin
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Chen
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanfen Xiao
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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83
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Nasr Esfahani MH, Tavalaee M. Origin and role of DNA damage in varicocele. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2012; 6:141-6. [PMID: 24520431 PMCID: PMC3850301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Varicocele is considered as one of the main etiologies of male infertility. Along with altered semen parameters, increased DNA fragmentation is believed to play an important role in varicocele-induced infertility. DNA damage may result from intra- or extra-testicular factors. Among these, apoptosis, abnormal chromatin packaging and oxidative stress are the most researched and are addressed in this review. Significant evidence suggests that varicoceles have a harmful effect on testicular function and a varicocelectomy not only prevents progressive decline in testicular function, but also reverses the damage. However, the degree to which varicocele repair improves pregnancy rates and the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains controversial. Therefore, the role of varicocele repair on DNA fragmentation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology,
ACECR, Isfahan, Iran,Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran,
* Corresponding Address:
Department of Reproduction and DevelopmentReproductive Biomedicine Research CenterRoyan Institute for BiotechnologyACECRIsfahanIran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology,
ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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84
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Transition of basic protein during spermatogenesis of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765). Cytotechnology 2011; 63:581-98. [PMID: 21997709 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the ultrastructural characteristic observation of the developing male germ cells, spermatogenesis of the crustacean shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, is classified into spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocyte, four stages of spermatids, and mature sperm. The basic protein transition during its spermatogenesis is studied by transmission electron microscopy of ammoniacal silver reaction and immunoelectron microscopical distribution of acetylated histone H4. The results show that basic protein synthesized in cytoplasm of spermatogonia is transferred into the nucleus with deposition on new duplicated DNA. In the spermatocyte stage, some nuclear basic protein combined with RNP is transferred into the cytoplasm and is involved in forming the cytoplasmic vesicle clumps. In the early spermatid, most of the basic protein synthesized in the new spermatid cytoplasm is transferred into the nucleus, and the chromatin condensed gradually, and the rest is shifted into the pre-acrosomal vacuole. In the middle spermatid, the nuclear basic protein linked with DNA is acetylated and transferred into the proacrosomal vacuole and assembled into the acrosomal blastema. At the late spermatid, almost all of the basic protein in the nucleus has been removed into the acrosome. During the stage from late spermatid to mature sperm, some de novo basic proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm belt transfer into the nucleus without a membrane and almost all deposit in the periphery to form a supercoating. The remnant histone H4 accompanied by chromatin fibers is acetylated in the center of the nucleus, leading to relaxed DNA and activated genes making the nucleus non-condensed.
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85
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Pérez-Cerezales S, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Martínez-Páramo S, Beirão J, Herráez M. Altered gene transcription and telomere length in trout embryo and larvae obtained with DNA cryodamaged sperm. Theriogenology 2011; 76:1234-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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86
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Ioannou D, Meershoek EJ, Christopikou D, Ellis M, Thornhill AR, Griffin DK. Nuclear organisation of sperm remains remarkably unaffected in the presence of defective spermatogenesis. Chromosome Res 2011; 19:741-53. [PMID: 21947956 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-011-9238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Organisation of chromosome territories in interphase nuclei has been studied in many systems and positional alterations have been associated with disease phenotypes (e.g. laminopathies, cancer) in somatic cells. Altered nuclear organisation is also reported in developmental processes such as mammalian spermatogenesis where a "chromocentre" model is proposed with the centromeres and sex chromosomes repositioning to the nuclear centre. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that alterations in nuclear organisation of human spermatozoa are associated with defects upstream in spermatogenesis (as manifest in certain infertility phenotypes). The nuclear address of (peri-) centromeric loci for 18 chromosomes (1-4, 6-12, 15-18, 20, X and Y) was assayed in 20 males using established algorithms for 3D extrapolations of 2D data. The control group comprised 10 fertile sperm donors while the test group was 10 patients with severely compromised semen parameters including high sperm aneuploidy. All loci examined in the control group adopted defined, interior positions thus providing supporting evidence for the presence of a chromocentre and interior sex chromosome territories. In the test group however there were subtle alterations in the nuclear address for certain centromeres in individual patients and, when all patient results were pooled, some different nuclear addresses were observed for chromosomes 3, 6, 12 and 18. Considering the extensive impairment of spermatogenesis in the test group (evidenced by compromised semen parameters and increased chromosome abnormalities), the observed differences in nuclear organisation for centromeric loci compared to the controls were modest. A defined pattern of nuclear reorganisation of centromeric loci in sperm heads therefore appears to be a remarkably robust process, even if spermatogenesis is severely compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Ioannou
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT27NJ, UK
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87
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López-Fernández C, Johnston S, Gosálbez A, Gosálvez J. Seasonal changes in sperm DNA fragmentation of Murciano-Granadina goats: The compelling case for dynamic assessment. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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88
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Gharagozloo P, Aitken RJ. The role of sperm oxidative stress in male infertility and the significance of oral antioxidant therapy. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1628-40. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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89
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Franco Jr JG, Mauri AL, Petersen CG, Massaro FC, Silva LFI, Felipe V, Cavagna M, Pontes A, Baruffi RLR, Oliveira JBA, Vagnini LD. Large nuclear vacuoles are indicative of abnormal chromatin packaging in human spermatozoa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 35:46-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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90
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Wang X, Suo Y, Yin R, Shen H, Wang H. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for accurate quantification of global DNA methylation in human sperms. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1647-52. [PMID: 21536504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation in human sperms has been proposed to be a possible mechanism associated with male infertility. We developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of global DNA methylation level in human sperms. Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used in MS/MS detection for accurate quantification of DNA methylation. The intra-day and inter-day precision values of this method were within 1.50-5.70%. By using 2-deoxyguanosine as an internal standard, UPLC-MS/MS method was applied for the detection of global DNA methylation levels in three cultured cell lines. DNA methyltransferases inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine can significantly reduce global DNA methylation levels in treated cell lines, showing the reliability of our method. We further examined global DNA methylation levels in human sperms, and found that global methylation values varied from 3.79% to 4.65%. The average global DNA methylation level of sperm samples washed only by PBS (4.03%) was relatively lower than that of sperm samples in which abnormal and dead sperm cells were removed by density gradient centrifugation (4.25%), indicating the possible aberrant DNA methylation level in abnormal sperm cells. Clinical application of UPLC-MS/MS method in global DNA methylation detection of human sperms will be useful in human sperm quality evaluation and the study of epigenetic mechanisms responsible for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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91
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The effects of male aging on semen quality, sperm DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities in an infertile population. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:425-32. [PMID: 21287403 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of male aging on semen quality, DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities in the spermatozoa of infertile patients and fertile men. METHODS Semen samples of 140 infertile patients (24-76 years) and 50 men with proven fertility (25-65 years) were analyzed according to WHO guidelines. DNA fragmentation was detected by TUNEL assay, while aneuploidy was assessed by FISH. RESULTS In the patient group, semen volume and vitality of spermatozoa decreased significantly with age, while sperm concentration showed a statistically significant increase with age. DNA fragmentation as well as disomy of sex chromosomes and disomy 8 did not show a statistically significant change with age. However, the diploidy rate was significantly increased with patient's age. In the control group, conventional semen parameters as well as DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities did not show a statistically significant with age. CONCLUSION Increased age in infertile men is associated with an increase in sperm concentration and diploidy, as well as a decline in semen volume and sperm vitality. However motility, morphology and DNA fragmentation are not affected by male age.
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92
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Ioannou D, Griffin DK. Male fertility, chromosome abnormalities, and nuclear organization. Cytogenet Genome Res 2010; 133:269-79. [PMID: 21088381 DOI: 10.1159/000322060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have implicated the role of gross genomic rearrangements in male infertility, e.g., constitutional aneuploidy, translocations, inversions, Y chromosome deletions, elevated sperm disomy, and DNA damage. The primary purpose of this paper is to review male fertility studies associated with such abnormalities. In addition, we speculate whether altered nuclear organization, another chromosomal/whole genome-associated phenomenon, is also concomitant with male factor infertility. Nuclear organization has been studied in a range of systems and implicated in several diseases. For many applications the measurement of the relative position of chromosome territories is sufficient to determine patterns of nuclear organization. Initial evidence has suggested that, unlike in the more usual 'size-related' or 'gene density-related' models, mammalian (including human) sperm heads display a highly organized pattern including a chromocenter with the centromeres located to the center of the nucleus and the telomeres near the periphery. More recent evidence, however, suggests there may be size- and gene density-related components to nuclear organization in sperm. It seems reasonable to hypothesize therefore that alterations in this pattern may be associated with male factor infertility. A small handful of studies have addressed this issue; however, to date it remains an exciting avenue for future research with possible implications for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ioannou
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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93
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Gu A, Ji G, Zhou Y, Long Y, Shi X, Fu G, Wang S, Song L, Wang X. Polymorphisms of nucleotide-excision repair genes may contribute to sperm DNA fragmentation and male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21:602-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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94
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Female choice for males with greater fertilization success in the Swedish Moor frog, Rana arvalis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13634. [PMID: 21049015 PMCID: PMC2964304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of mate choice in anuran amphibians have shown female preference for a wide range of male traits despite females gaining no direct resources from males (i.e. non-resource based mating system). Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical studies have shown that females may still gain indirect genetic benefits from choosing males of higher genetic quality and thereby increase their reproductive success. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated two components of sexual selection in the Moor frog (Rana arvalis), pre-copulatory female choice between two males of different size (‘large’ vs. ‘small’), and their fertilization success in sperm competition and in isolation. Females' showed no significant preference for male size (13 small and six large male preferences) but associated preferentially with the male that subsequently was the most successful at fertilizing her eggs in isolation. Siring success of males in competitive fertilizations was unrelated to genetic similarity with the female and we detected no effect of sperm viability on fertilization success. There was, however, a strong positive association between a male's innate fertilization ability with a female and his siring success in sperm competition. We also detected a strong negative effect of a male's thumb length on his competitive siring success. Conclusions/Significance Our results show that females show no preference for male size but are still able to choose males which have greater fertilization success. Genetic similarity and differences in the proportion of viable sperm within a males ejaculate do not appear to affect siring success. These results could be explained through pre- and/or postcopulatory choice for genetic benefits and suggest that females are able to perceive the genetic quality of males, possibly basing their choice on multiple phenotypic male traits.
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95
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Van Blerkom J. Mitochondrial function in the human oocyte and embryo and their role in developmental competence. Mitochondrion 2010; 11:797-813. [PMID: 20933103 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria as a nexus of developmental regulation in mammalian oogenesis and early embryogenesis is emerging from basic research in model species and from clinical studies in infertility treatments that require in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. Here, mitochondrial bioenergetic activities and roles in calcium homeostasis, regulation of cytoplasmic redox state, and signal transduction are discussed with respect to outcome in general, and as possible etiologies of chromosomal defects, maturation and fertilization failure in human oocytes, and as causative factors in early human embryo demise. At present, the ability of mitochondria to balance ATP supply and demand is considered the most critical factor with respect to fertilization competence for the oocyte and developmental competence for the embryo. mtDNA copy number, the timing of mtDNA replication during oocyte maturation, and the numerical size of the mitochondrial complement in the oocyte are evaluated with respect to their relative contribution to the establishment of developmental competence. Rather than net cytoplasmic bioenergetic capacity, the notion of functional compartmentalization of mitochondria is presented as a means by which ATP may be differentially supplied and localized within the cytoplasm by virtue of stage-specific changes in mitochondrial density and potential (ΔΨm). Abnormal patterns of calcium release and sequestration detected at fertilization in the human appear to have coincident effects on levels of mitochondrial ATP generation. These aberrations are not uncommon in oocytes obtained after ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization. The possibility that defects in mitochondrial calcium regulation or bioenergetic homeostasis could have negative downstream development consequences, including imprinting disorders, is discussed in the context of signaling pathways and cytoplasmic redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Van Blerkom
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
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96
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Brahem S, Mehdi M, Elghezal H, Saad A. Detection of DNA fragmentation and meiotic segregation in human with isolated teratozoospermia. J Assist Reprod Genet 2010; 28:41-8. [PMID: 20872065 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-010-9482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate levels of DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities in ejaculated sperm of males with isolated teratozoospermia and to determine if specific sperm morphological types occur simultaneously with these nuclear defects. METHODS Sperm obtained from isolated teratozoospermic men (n = 70) and fertile men (n = 30) were analysed using fluorescence in situ hybridization and TUNEL assay. RESULTS Teratozoospermic men, compared to fertile men, showed significantly higher rates of sex chromosomes disomy, and diploidy. Significant correlations were found between amorphous head, microcephalic head, short tail, and sex chromosomes disomy. Level of sperm DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in teratozoospermic men than in controls and positively correlated to the incidence of macrocephalic heads, amorphous heads, and short flagella. CONCLUSIONS Patients with isolated teratozoospermia have increased levels of DNA fragmentation and chromosomal aneuploidy. Some specific morphological abnormalities were shown to be predictive of chromosomal abnormalities and DNA alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Brahem
- Department of Cytogenetic and Reproductive biology, Farhat Hached, University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia,
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97
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Pérez-Llano B, López-Fernández C, García-Casado P, Arroyo F, Gosalbez A, Sala R, Gosálvez J. Dynamics of sperm DNA fragmentation in the swine: Ejaculate and temperature effects. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 119:235-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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98
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Speyer BE, Pizzey AR, Ranieri M, Joshi R, Delhanty JDA, Serhal P. Fall in implantation rates following ICSI with sperm with high DNA fragmentation. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1609-18. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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99
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Alkylation of sperm DNA is associated with male factor infertility and a reduction in the proportion of oocytes fertilised during assisted reproduction. Mutat Res 2010; 698:18-23. [PMID: 20307685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of IVF cases in the UK are attributed to male factor infertility and in the majority of cases the origin of male infertility is unknown. The integrity of sperm DNA is important both for the success of assisted reproduction and the implications for the off-spring. One type of DNA damage that has not been investigated with respect to fertility outcomes is the adduct N7-methyldeoxyguanosine (N7-MedG), a biomarker for exposure to alkylating agents. A prospective cohort of couples attending for IVF had their N7-MedG levels in sperm measured using an immunoslot blot technique to examine whether sperm N7-MedG levels are associated with male factor infertility, semen quality measures or assisted reproduction outcomes. Sufficient DNA for analysis was obtained from 67/97 couples and N7-MedG was detected in 94% of sperm samples analysed. Men diagnosed with male factor infertility had significantly higher mean levels of N7-MedG in their sperm DNA (P=0.03). Logistic regression analysis showed that N7-MedG levels were significantly negatively associated with the proportion of oocytes successfully fertilised irrespective of the method of fertilisation used (IVF or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection; ICSI, P<0.001). Therefore exposure to DNA alkylating agents is significantly associated with male infertility and the proportion of oocytes fertilised during assisted reproduction. Reducing such exposure may improve male fertility but further work is required to determine the relative importance of exogenous and endogenous sources of exposure.
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100
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Oliveira JBA, Massaro FC, Baruffi RLR, Mauri AL, Petersen CG, Silva LFI, Vagnini LD, Franco JG. Correlation between semen analysis by motile sperm organelle morphology examination and sperm DNA damage. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:1937-40. [PMID: 20189558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Regression analysis of 538 semen samples demonstrated that percentages of normal nuclear sperm and all spermatozoa with abnormalities of nuclear form at high magnification had significant negative correlation with percentages of DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between percentages of spermatozoa with nuclear vacuoles and those with DNA fragmentation.
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