51
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Kendler KS, Aggen SH, Gillespie N, Neale MC, Knudsen GP, Krueger RF, Czajkowski N, Ystrom E, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. The Genetic and Environmental Sources of Resemblance Between Normative Personality and Personality Disorder Traits. J Pers Disord 2017; 31:193-207. [PMID: 27322578 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2016_30_251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has suggested a high level of congruence between normative personality, most typically represented by the "big five" factors, and abnormal personality traits. In 2,293 Norwegian adult twins ascertained from a population-based registry, the authors evaluated the degree of sharing of genetic and environmental influences on normative personality, assessed by the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and personality disorder traits (PDTs), assessed by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Norwegian Brief Form (PID-5-NBF). For four of the five BFI dimensions, the strongest genetic correlation was observed with the expected PID-5-NBF dimension (e.g., neuroticism with negative affectivity [+], conscientiousness with disinhibition [-]). However, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness had substantial genetic correlations with other PID-5-NBF dimensions (e.g., neuroticism with compulsivity [+], agreeableness with detachment [-]). Openness had no substantial genetic correlations with any PID-5-NBF dimension. The proportion of genetic risk factors shared in aggregate between the BFI traits and the PID-5-NBF dimensions was quite high for conscientiousness and neuroticism, relatively robust for extraversion and agreeableness, but quite low for openness. Of the six PID-5-NBF dimensions, three (negative affectivity, detachment, and disinhibition) shared, in aggregate, most of their genetic risk factors with normative personality traits. Genetic factors underlying psychoticism, antagonism, and compulsivity were shared to a lesser extent, suggesting that they are influenced by etiological factors not well indexed by the BFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - S H Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - M C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - G P Knudsen
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - R F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nikolai Czajkowski
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo
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52
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Bastiaens T, Smits D, De Hert M, Thys E, Bryon H, Sweers K, Teugels T, Van Looy J, Verwerft T, Vanwalleghem D, Van Bouwel L, Claes L. The Relationship Between the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Psychotic Disorder in a Clinical Sample. Assessment 2017; 26:315-323. [PMID: 29214869 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117693922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have successfully investigated the validity of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. In a final sample of 174 psychiatric patients, the present study examined the relationship between the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) and syndromal psychosis. Results showed that patients diagnosed with versus without a psychotic disorder significantly differed on all PID-5 domains except Antagonism. Discriminant function analysis indicated that lower Detachment, lower Negative Affect, lower Disinhibition, and higher Psychoticism best discriminated patients with a psychotic disorder from patients with other psychiatric conditions. Subsequent stepwise discriminant analysis on all facet scales of the contributing PID-5 domains revealed that higher Unusual Beliefs, lower Depressivity, and lower Distractibility contributed the most to this differentiation. PID-5 Psychoticism scores showed moderate correlations with current psychotic symptoms and were not influenced by dose of antipsychotic medication. Our results support the ability of the PID-5 to discriminate between patients with and without psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Smits
- 2 KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,3 Odisee University College, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc De Hert
- 1 UPC Z.ORG KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.,2 KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Thys
- 1 UPC Z.ORG KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.,2 KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,4 Psychiatric Centre St. Alexius, Elsene, Belgium
| | | | - Kim Sweers
- 1 UPC Z.ORG KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Claes
- 2 KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,7 University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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53
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Jackson RG, Patel R, Jayatilleke N, Kolliakou A, Ball M, Gorrell G, Roberts A, Dobson RJ, Stewart R. Natural language processing to extract symptoms of severe mental illness from clinical text: the Clinical Record Interactive Search Comprehensive Data Extraction (CRIS-CODE) project. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e012012. [PMID: 28096249 PMCID: PMC5253558 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to use natural language processing to develop a suite of language models to capture key symptoms of severe mental illness (SMI) from clinical text, to facilitate the secondary use of mental healthcare data in research. DESIGN Development and validation of information extraction applications for ascertaining symptoms of SMI in routine mental health records using the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) data resource; description of their distribution in a corpus of discharge summaries. SETTING Electronic records from a large mental healthcare provider serving a geographic catchment of 1.2 million residents in four boroughs of south London, UK. PARTICIPANTS The distribution of derived symptoms was described in 23 128 discharge summaries from 7962 patients who had received an SMI diagnosis, and 13 496 discharge summaries from 7575 patients who had received a non-SMI diagnosis. OUTCOME MEASURES Fifty SMI symptoms were identified by a team of psychiatrists for extraction based on salience and linguistic consistency in records, broadly categorised under positive, negative, disorganisation, manic and catatonic subgroups. Text models for each symptom were generated using the TextHunter tool and the CRIS database. RESULTS We extracted data for 46 symptoms with a median F1 score of 0.88. Four symptom models performed poorly and were excluded. From the corpus of discharge summaries, it was possible to extract symptomatology in 87% of patients with SMI and 60% of patients with non-SMI diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the possibility of automatically extracting a broad range of SMI symptoms from English text discharge summaries for patients with an SMI diagnosis. Descriptive data also indicated that most symptoms cut across diagnoses, rather than being restricted to particular groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Jackson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rashmi Patel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nishamali Jayatilleke
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Kolliakou
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Ball
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Genevieve Gorrell
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Angus Roberts
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard J Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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54
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Grazioplene RG, Chavez RS, Rustichini A, DeYoung CG. White matter correlates of psychosis-linked traits support continuity between personality and psychopathology. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 125:1135-1145. [PMID: 27819473 PMCID: PMC5117638 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The link between diagnoses of psychotic disorders and attenuated white matter connectivity is well established, but little is known about the degree to which similar white matter differences predict traits linked to psychosis-proneness in the general population. Moreover, intelligence is too rarely considered as a covariate in neural endophenotype studies, despite its known protective role against psychopathology in general and its associations with broad aspects of neural structure and function. To determine whether psychosis-linked personality traits are linearly associated with white matter microstructure, we examined white matter correlates of Psychoticism, Absorption, and Openness to Experience in a large community sample, covarying for sex, age, and IQ. Findings support our hypothesis that the white matter correlates of the shared variance of these traits overlap substantially with the frontal lobe white matter connectivity patterns characteristic of psychotic spectrum disorders. These findings provide biological support for the notion that liability to psychosis is distributed throughout the population, is evident in brain structure, and manifests as normal personality variation at subclinical levels. (PsycINFO Database Record
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55
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Knežević G, Lazarević LB, Bosnjak M, Purić D, Petrović B, Teovanović P, Opačić G, Bodroža B. Towards a personality model encompassing a Disintegration factor separate from the Big Five traits: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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56
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Abstract
In two cross-cultural studies, we examined the relationship between intrinsic religiosity (IR; inwardly held religious devotion), coalitional rigidity (CR; a rigid adherence to the superiority of the norms and beliefs of one’s own group), and intergroup hostility (IH; morally impugning or wishing persecution on members of other groups). For Study 1, we analyzed a number of single-item interview questions in a data set collected from 10,068 people in 10 nations. For Study 2, we conducted our own surveys in two multicultural samples: Vancouver, Canada, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In all 18 religious subsamples from both studies, there were null or negative independent relationships between IR and some form of IH, and null or positive independent relationships between CR and such hostility. The results suggest that this pattern of prediction, which has previously been found in North American Christian samples, generalizes cross-culturally.
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57
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Uliaszek AA, Zinbarg RE. An Examination of the Higher-Order Structure of Psychopathology and its Relationship to Personality. J Pers Disord 2016; 30:157-76. [PMID: 25893555 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2015_29_183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study compared a series of higher-order models encompassing symptoms of both clinical and personality disorders. The final model was then correlated with a latent variable model of normal personality traits. A total of 420 undergraduates completed a battery of self-report symptom and personality questionnaires, with informant-reports and diagnostic interviews provided by overlapping subsamples. A three-level model with two factors at the highest level and four factors at the second level was the best fitting model. The higher-order internalizing and externalizing factors were then correlated with 30 latent personality facets. Results demonstrate an elevation on the neuroticism facets for the higher-order internalizing factor, along with low positive emotions, low actions, and low competence. The higher-order externalizing factor was negatively associated with most conscientiousness and agreeableness factors, while showing an elevation on excitement-seeking, impulsivity, and angry hostility. Future studies should replicate these models with the inclusion of more low base-rate disorders (i.e., psychosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Uliaszek
- Northwestern University.,Family Institute at Northwestern University
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58
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Swami V, Weis L, Lay A, Barron D, Furnham A. Associations between belief in conspiracy theories and the maladaptive personality traits of the personality inventory for DSM-5. Psychiatry Res 2016; 236:86-90. [PMID: 26776299 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Conspiracy theories can be treated as both rational narratives of the world as well as outcomes of underlying maladaptive traits. Here, we examined associations between belief in conspiracy theories and individual differences in personality disorders. An Internet-based sample (N=259) completed measures of belief in conspiracy theories and the 25 facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Preliminary analyses showed no significant differences in belief in conspiracy theories across participant sex, ethnicity, and education. Regression analyses showed that the PID-5 facets of Unusual Beliefs and Experiences and, to a lesser extent, Suspiciousness, significantly predicted belief in conspiracy theories. These findings highlight a role for maladaptive personality traits in understanding belief in conspiracy theories, but require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK; Department of Psychology, HELP University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Laura Weis
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alixe Lay
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - David Barron
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Adrian Furnham
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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59
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Suzuki T, Griffin SA, Samuel DB. Capturing the DSM-5 Alternative Personality Disorder Model Traits in the Five-Factor Model's Nomological Net. J Pers 2016; 85:220-231. [PMID: 26691245 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown structural and statistical similarities between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) alternative personality disorder model and the Five-Factor Model (FFM). However, no study to date has evaluated the nomological network similarities between the two models. The relations of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) with relevant criterion variables were examined in a sample of 336 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.4; 59.8% female). The resulting profiles for each instrument were statistically compared for similarity. Four of the five domains of the two models have highly similar nomological networks, with the exception being FFM Openness to Experience and PID-5 Psychoticism. Further probing of that pair suggested that the NEO PI-R domain scores obscured meaningful similarity between PID-5 Psychoticism and specific aspects and lower-order facets of Openness. The results support the notion that the DSM-5 alternative personality disorder model trait domains represent variants of the FFM domains. Similarities of Openness and Psychoticism domains were supported when the lower-order aspects and facets of Openness domain were considered. The findings support the view that the DSM-5 trait model represents an instantiation of the FFM.
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60
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DeYoung CG, Carey BE, Krueger RF, Ross SR. Ten aspects of the Big Five in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Personal Disord 2016; 7:113-23. [PMID: 27032017 DOI: 10.1037/per0000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) includes a dimensional model of personality pathology, operationalized in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), with 25 facets grouped into 5 higher order factors resembling the Big Five personality dimensions. The present study tested how well these 25 facets could be integrated with the 10-factor structure of traits within the Big Five that is operationalized by the Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS). In 2 healthy adult samples, 10-factor solutions largely confirmed our hypothesis that each of the 10 BFAS would be the highest loading BFAS on 1 and only 1 factor. Varying numbers of PID-5 scales were additional markers of each factor, and the overall factor structure in the first sample was well replicated in the second. Our results allow Cybernetic Big Five Theory (CB5T) to be brought to bear on manifestations of personality disorder, because CB5T offers mechanistic explanations of the 10 factors measured by the BFAS. Future research, therefore, may begin to test hypotheses derived from CB5T regarding the mechanisms that are dysfunctional in specific personality disorders.
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61
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Prudent C, Evrard R, Claude N, Laurent M, De Tychey C. DSM-5, trouble de la personnalité schizotypique et nosographie psychanalytique structurale française. EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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62
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Uliaszek AA, Al-Dajani N, Bagby RM. The Relationship Between Psychopathology and a Hierarchical Model of Normal Personality Traits: Evidence From a Psychiatric Patient Sample. J Pers Disord 2015; 29:719-34. [PMID: 25562540 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2014_28_170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Shifts in the conceptualization of psychopathology have favored a dimensional approach, with the five-factor model (FFM) playing a prominent role in this research. However, reservations about the utility of the FFM in differentiating disorders have risen. In the current investigation, a "bottom-up" analytical method was used to ascertain the hierarchical structure of personality, with investigation of the specificity of the traits in categorizing diagnostic categories across an expanded array of psychiatric disorders. Following earlier investigations, which used a hierarchical structural approach, this study presents new results relating to the differentiation of several forms of psychopathology not included in these earlier analyses--bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders, problem gambling, posttraumatic stress disorder, and somatoform disorders--across distinct levels of a personality hierarchy based on the FFM. These results bolster the argument for the use of FFM personality traits in characterizing and differentiating psychiatric diagnostic groups.
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63
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Al-Dajani N, Gralnick TM, Bagby RM. A Psychometric Review of the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 (PID–5): Current Status and Future Directions. J Pers Assess 2015; 98:62-81. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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64
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Menon M, Andersen DR, Quilty LC, Woodward TS. Individual factors predicted to influence outcome in group CBT for psychosis (CBTp) and related therapies. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1563. [PMID: 26578995 PMCID: PMC4623397 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Devon R Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; BC Mental Health and Addiction Research Institute Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Todd S Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; BC Mental Health and Addiction Research Institute Vancouver, BC, Canada
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65
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Kállai J, Hegedüs G, Feldmann Á, Rózsa S, Darnai G, Herold R, Dorn K, Kincses P, Csathó Á, Szolcsányi T. Temperament and psychopathological syndromes specific susceptibility for rubber hand illusion. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:410-9. [PMID: 26160198 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore individual capacity for self-integration, susceptibility to the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) and the role of temperament factors in the emergence of body schema and body image dissociation. The RHI factors, proprioceptive drift, body ownership and body disownership were assessed in 48 university students. Personality and psychiatric vulnerability were measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) and the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R). Our study pointed to the fact that the extent of behaviourally defined proprioceptive drift was associated with temperament factors, especially with Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance. Further, the ownership was associated with Symptom Checklist factors, especially with elevated Interpersonal Sensitivity and vulnerability to Schizotypy and Paranoid Ideation and elevated disownership score was found in the case of elevated Schizotypy, including a depersonalisation feeling when the RHI was induced. The RHI may be considered as a conflicting situation, in which a way to cope with incongruent multimodal, visual, haptic and proprioceptive stimulation provides an opportunity to test body integration and embodiment processes in healthy participants and patients without disadvantageous outcomes. The results support and replenish the two opposite processing models of the RHI with a third, temperament-based procedural mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Kállai
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical Faculty University of Pécs, 7624-H Hungray.
| | - Gábor Hegedüs
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical Faculty University of Pécs, 7624-H Hungray.
| | - Ádám Feldmann
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical Faculty University of Pécs, 7624-H Hungray.
| | - Sándor Rózsa
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, 7624-H Hungray.
| | - Gergely Darnai
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1064-H Hungray.
| | - Róbert Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, 7624-H Hungray.
| | - Krisztina Dorn
- Pediatric Clinic, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, 7623-H Hungray.
| | - Péter Kincses
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical Faculty University of Pécs, 7624-H Hungray.
| | - Árpád Csathó
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical Faculty University of Pécs, 7624-H Hungray
| | - Tibor Szolcsányi
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical Faculty University of Pécs, 7624-H Hungray.
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66
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67
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Bastiaens T, Claes L, Smits D, De Clercq B, De Fruyt F, Rossi G, Vanwalleghem D, Vermote R, Lowyck B, Claes S, De Hert M. The Construct Validity of the Dutch Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (PID-5) in a Clinical Sample. Assessment 2015; 23:42-51. [PMID: 25736039 DOI: 10.1177/1073191115575069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The factor structure and the convergent validity of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), a self-report questionnaire designed to measure personality pathology as advocated in the fifth edition, Section III of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), are already demonstrated in general population samples, but need replication in clinical samples. In 240 Flemish inpatients, we examined the factor structure of the PID-5 by means of exploratory structural equation modeling. Additionally, we investigated differences in PID-5 higher order domain scores according to gender, age and educational level, and explored convergent and discriminant validity by relating the PID-5 with the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire and by comparing PID-5 scores of inpatients with and without a DSM-IV categorical personality disorder diagnosis. Our results confirmed the original five-factor structure of the PID-5. The reliability and the convergent and discriminant validity of the PID-5 proved to be adequate. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Bastiaens
- University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | | | - Dirk Smits
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Odisee University College, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Gina Rossi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Rudi Vermote
- University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Lowyck
- University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc De Hert
- University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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68
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Kaufman SB, Paul ES. Creativity and schizophrenia spectrum disorders across the arts and sciences. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1145. [PMID: 25404921 PMCID: PMC4217346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Barry Kaufman
- The Imagination Institute Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elliot S Paul
- Department of Philosophy, Barnard College, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
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69
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Hengartner MP, De Fruyt F, Rodgers S, Müller M, Rössler W, Ajdacic-Gross V. An integrative examination of general personality dysfunction in a large community sample. Personal Ment Health 2014; 8:276-89. [PMID: 25044701 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the severity of general personality dysfunction has gained broad interest in personality disorder (PD) research. We analysed data of 511 participants aged 20-41 years from a comprehensive psychiatric survey in the general population of Zurich, Switzerland. We added the trait-scores from all DSM-IV PDs, as assessed by a self-report questionnaire, to provide a measure of general personality dysfunction. Adjusting for the Big Five personality domains as a proxy for stylistic PD elements, this composite PD score exhibited strong associations with neuroticism and schizotypy. General personality dysfunction additionally revealed a moderate detrimental association with psychosocial functioning and a strong effect on coping resources, on heavy drinking and drug use and on most psychopathological syndromes. Of particular interest is the strong association with total psychopathological distress and co-occurrence of multiple disorders, suggesting that increasing PD severity relates to the degree of global impairment independent of specific PD traits. Discussed herein are implications for public mental health policies, classification, conceptualization and treatment of PDs.
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DeYoung CG. The neuromodulator of exploration: A unifying theory of the role of dopamine in personality. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:762. [PMID: 24294198 PMCID: PMC3827581 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromodulator dopamine is centrally involved in reward, approach behavior, exploration, and various aspects of cognition. Variations in dopaminergic function appear to be associated with variations in personality, but exactly which traits are influenced by dopamine remains an open question. This paper proposes a theory of the role of dopamine in personality that organizes and explains the diversity of findings, utilizing the division of the dopaminergic system into value coding and salience coding neurons (Bromberg-Martin et al., 2010). The value coding system is proposed to be related primarily to Extraversion and the salience coding system to Openness/Intellect. Global levels of dopamine influence the higher order personality factor, Plasticity, which comprises the shared variance of Extraversion and Openness/Intellect. All other traits related to dopamine are linked to Plasticity or its subtraits. The general function of dopamine is to promote exploration, by facilitating engagement with cues of specific reward (value) and cues of the reward value of information (salience). This theory constitutes an extension of the entropy model of uncertainty (EMU; Hirsh et al., 2012), enabling EMU to account for the fact that uncertainty is an innate incentive reward as well as an innate threat. The theory accounts for the association of dopamine with traits ranging from sensation and novelty seeking, to impulsivity and aggression, to achievement striving, creativity, and cognitive abilities, to the overinclusive thinking characteristic of schizotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G. DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
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