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Binukumar BK, Pant HC. TFP5/TP5 peptide provides neuroprotection in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:698-701. [PMID: 27335538 PMCID: PMC4904445 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a member of the serine-threonine kinase family of cyclin-dependent kinases. Cdk5 is critical to normal mammalian nervous system development and plays important regulatory roles in multiple cellular functions. Recent evidence indicates that Cdk5 is inappropriately activated in several neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, decreased striatal dopamine levels, and consequent extrapyramidal motor dysfunction. During neurotoxicity, p35 is cleaved to form p25. Binding of p25 with Cdk5 leads deregulation of Cdk5 resulting in number of neurodegenerative pathologies. To date, strategies to specifically inhibit Cdk5 hyperactivity have not been successful without affecting normal Cdk5 activity. Here we show that inhibition of p25/Cdk5 hyperactivation through TFP5/TP5, truncated 24-aa peptide derived from the Cdk5 activator p35 rescues nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP/MPP+) in a mouse model of PD. TP5 peptide treatment also blocked dopamine depletion in the striatum and improved gait dysfunction after MPTP administration. The neuroprotective effect of TFP5/TP5 peptide is also associated with marked reduction in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Here we show inhibition of Cdk5/p25-hyperactivation by TFP5/TP5 peptide, which identifies Cdk5/p25 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Binukumar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harish C Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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52
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Ning X, Tao T, Shen J, Ji Y, Xie L, Wang H, Liu N, Xu X, Sun C, Zhang D, Shen A, Ke K. The O-GlcNAc Modification of CDK5 Involved in Neuronal Apoptosis Following In Vitro Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:527-536. [PMID: 27316643 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to cell cycle-associated cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK5 is best known for its regulation of signaling processes in regulating mammalian CNS development. Studies of CDK5 have focused on its phosphorylation, although the diversity of CDK5 functions in the brain suggests additional forms of regulation. Here we expanded on the functional roles of CDK5 glycosylation in neurons. We showed that CDK5 was dynamically modified with O-GlcNAc in response to neuronal activity and that glycosylation represses CDK5-dependent apoptosis by impairing its association with p53 pathway. Blocking glycosylation of CDK5 alters cellular function and increases neuronal apoptosis in the cell model of the ICH. Our findings demonstrated a new role for O-glycosylation in neuronal apoptosis and provided a mechanistic understanding of how glycosylation contributes to critical neuronal functions. Moreover, we identified a previously unknown mechanism for the regulation of activity-dependent gene expression, neural development, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Ning
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianhong Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuteng Ji
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lili Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xide Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chi Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Aiguo Shen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Kaifu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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53
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Yousuf MA, Tan C, Torres-Altoro MI, Lu FM, Plautz E, Zhang S, Takahashi M, Hernandez A, Kernie SG, Plattner F, Bibb JA. Involvement of aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 5/p25 activity in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2016; 138:317-27. [PMID: 26998748 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with adverse effects on brain functions, including sensation, language, emotions and/or cognition. Therapies for improving outcomes following TBI are limited. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI may suggest novel treatment strategies to facilitate recovery and improve treatment outcome. Aberrant activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been implicated in neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. Cdk5 is a neuronal protein kinase activated via interaction with its cofactor p35 that regulates numerous neuronal functions, including synaptic remodeling and cognition. However, conversion of p35 to p25 via Ca(2+) -dependent activation of calpain results in an aberrantly active Cdk5/p25 complex that is associated with neuronal damage and cell death. Here, we show that mice subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI), a well-established experimental TBI model, exhibit increased p25 levels and consistently elevated Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in hippocampal lysates. Moreover, CCI-induced neuroinflammation as indicated by increased astrocytic activation and number of reactive microglia. Brain-wide conditional Cdk5 knockout mice (Cdk5 cKO) subjected to CCI exhibited significantly reduced edema, ventricular dilation, and injury area. Finally, neurophysiological recordings revealed that CCI attenuated excitatory post-synaptic potential field responses in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 pathway 24 h after injury. This neurophysiological deficit was attenuated in Cdk5 cKO mice. Thus, TBI induces increased levels of p25 generation and aberrant Cdk5 activity, which contributes to pathophysiological processes underlying TBI progression. Hence, selectively preventing aberrant Cdk5 activity may be an effective acute strategy to improve recovery from TBI. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases astrogliosis and microglial activation. Moreover, TBI deregulates Ca(2+) -homeostasis triggering p25 production. The protein kinase Cdk5 is aberrantly activated by p25 leading to phosphorylation of substrates including tau and Rb protein. Loss of Cdk5 attenuates TBI lesion size, indicating that Cdk5 is a critical player in TBI pathogenesis and thus may be a suitable therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Yousuf
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa I Torres-Altoro
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Fang-Min Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Erik Plautz
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adan Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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54
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Moreno H, Morfini G, Buitrago L, Ujlaki G, Choi S, Yu E, Moreira JE, Avila J, Brady ST, Pant H, Sugimori M, Llinás RR. Tau pathology-mediated presynaptic dysfunction. Neuroscience 2016; 325:30-8. [PMID: 27012611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain tauopathies are characterized by abnormal processing of tau protein. While somatodendritic tau mislocalization has attracted considerable attention in tauopathies, the role of tau pathology in axonal transport, connectivity and related dysfunctions remains obscure. We have previously shown using the squid giant synapse that presynaptic microinjection of recombinant human tau protein (htau42) results in failure of synaptic transmission. Here, we evaluated molecular mechanisms mediating this effect. Thus, the initial event, observed after htau42 presynaptic injection, was an increase in transmitter release. This event was mediated by calcium release from intracellular stores and was followed by a reduction in evoked transmitter release. The effect of htau42 on synaptic transmission was recapitulated by a peptide comprising the phosphatase-activating domain of tau, suggesting activation of phosphotransferases. Accordingly, findings indicated that htau42-mediated toxicity involves the activities of both GSK3 and Cdk5 kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moreno
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States.
| | - G Morfini
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - L Buitrago
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
| | - G Ujlaki
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
| | - S Choi
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - E Yu
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - J E Moreira
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Riberão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14000-000, Brazil
| | - J Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - S T Brady
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - H Pant
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD 20824, United States
| | - M Sugimori
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - R R Llinás
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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55
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CDK5 knockdown prevents hippocampal degeneration and cognitive dysfunction produced by cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1937-49. [PMID: 26104286 PMCID: PMC4671113 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular accident and it is the most common cause of physical disabilities around the globe. Patients may present with repeated ictuses, experiencing mental consequences, such as depression and cognitive disorders. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a kinase that is involved in neurotransmission and plasticity, but its dysregulation contributes to cognitive disorders and dementia. Gene therapy targeting CDK5 was administered to the right hippocampus of ischemic rats during transient cerebral middle artery occlusion. Physiologic parameters (blood pressure, pH, pO2, and pCO2) were measured. The CDK5 downregulation resulted in neurologic and motor improvement during the first week after ischemia. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 RNA interference (RNAi) prevented dysfunctions in learning, memory, and reversal learning at 1 month after ischemia. These observations were supported by the prevention of neuronal loss, the reduction of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunoreactivity, and a decrease in astroglial and microglia hyperreactivities and tauopathy. Additionally, CDK5 silencing led to an increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its Tropomyosin Receptor kinase B (TRKB) receptor, and activation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which are important targets in neuronal plasticity. Together, our findings suggest that gene therapy based on CDK5 silencing prevents cerebral ischemia-induced neurodegeneration and motor and cognitive deficits.
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56
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Liu J, Du J, Yang Y, Wang Y. Phosphorylation of TRPV1 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 promotes TRPV1 surface localization, leading to inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia. Exp Neurol 2015; 273:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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57
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Lazzara CA, Kim YH. Potential application of lithium in Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:403. [PMID: 26578864 PMCID: PMC4621308 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium, the long-standing hallmark treatment for bipolar disorder, has recently been identified as a potential neuroprotective agent in neurodegeneration. Here we focus on introducing numerous in vitro and in vivo studies that have shown lithium treatment to be efficacious in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, increasing autophagy, inhibiting apoptosis, and decreasing the accumulation of α-synulcein, with an emphasis on Parkinson's disease. A number of biological pathways have been shown to be involved in causing these neuroprotective effects. The inhibition of GSK-3β has been the mechanism most studied; however, other modes of action include the regulation of apoptotic proteins and glutamate excitotoxicity as well as down-regulation of calpain. This review provides a framework of the neuroprotective effects of lithium in neurodegenerative diseases and the putative mechanisms by which lithium provides the protection. Lithium-only treatment may not be a suitable therapeutic option for neurodegenerative diseases due to inconsistent efficacy and potential side-effects, however, the use of low dose lithium in combination with other potential or existing therapeutic compounds may be a promising approach to reduce symptoms and disease progression in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Lazzara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University Dover, DE, USA
| | - Yong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University Dover, DE, USA
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58
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Neuroinflammatory processes in cognitive disorders: Is there a role for flavonoids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in counteracting their detrimental effects? Neurochem Int 2015; 89:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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59
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Binukumar BK, Shukla V, Amin ND, Grant P, Bhaskar M, Skuntz S, Steiner J, Pant HC. Peptide TFP5/TP5 derived from Cdk5 activator P35 provides neuroprotection in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4478-91. [PMID: 26399293 PMCID: PMC4666141 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TFP5/TP5 rescues dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by MPTP in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neuroprotective effect of TFP5/TP5 peptide is also associated with marked reduction in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Selective inhibition of Cdk5/p25 by TFP5/TP5 peptide identifies the kinase as a potential target to reduce neurodegeneration in PD. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, decreased striatal dopamine levels, and consequent extrapyramidal motor dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is inappropriately activated in several neurodegenerative conditions, including PD. To date, strategies to specifically inhibit Cdk5 hyperactivity have not been successful without affecting normal Cdk5 activity. Previously we reported that TFP5 peptide has neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. Here we show that TFP5/TP5 selective inhibition of Cdk5/p25 hyperactivation in vivo and in vitro rescues nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP/MPP+) in a mouse model of PD. TP5 peptide treatment also blocked dopamine depletion in the striatum and improved gait dysfunction after MPTP administration. The neuroprotective effect of TFP5/TP5 peptide is also associated with marked reduction in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Here we show selective inhibition of Cdk5/p25 hyperactivation by TFP5/TP5 peptide, which identifies the kinase as a potential therapeutic target to reduce neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Binukumar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Varsha Shukla
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Niranjana D Amin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Philip Grant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M Bhaskar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Susan Skuntz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joseph Steiner
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Harish C Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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60
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The Role of MAPT in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Genetics, Mechanisms and Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4893-904. [PMID: 26363795 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is a gene responsible for encoding tau protein, which is tightly implicated in keeping the function of microtubules and axonal transport. Hyperphosphorylated tau protein participates in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which characterize many neurodegenerative disorders termed tauopathies. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in MAPT associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, it has been presumed that MAPT plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration via affecting the structure and function of tau. Here, we review the advanced studies to summarize the biochemical properties of MAPT and its encoded protein, as well as the genetics and epigenetics of MAPT in neurodegeneration. Finally, given the potential mechanisms of MAPT to neurodegeneration pathogenesis, targeting MAPT and tau might present significant treatments of MAPT mutation-related neurodegeneration. Affirmatively, the identification of MAPT is extremely beneficial for improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases and developing the mechanism-based therapies.
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61
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Rooklin D, Wang C, Katigbak J, Arora PS, Zhang Y. AlphaSpace: Fragment-Centric Topographical Mapping To Target Protein-Protein Interaction Interfaces. J Chem Inf Model 2015. [PMID: 26225450 PMCID: PMC4550072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inhibition
of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is emerging
as a promising therapeutic strategy despite the difficulty in targeting
such interfaces with drug-like small molecules. PPIs generally feature
large and flat binding surfaces as compared to typical drug targets.
These features pose a challenge for structural characterization of
the surface using geometry-based pocket-detection methods. An attractive
mapping strategy—that builds on the principles of fragment-based
drug discovery (FBDD)—is to detect the fragment-centric modularity
at the protein surface and then characterize the large PPI interface
as a set of localized, fragment-targetable interaction regions. Here,
we introduce AlphaSpace, a computational analysis tool designed for
fragment-centric topographical mapping (FCTM) of PPI interfaces. Our
approach uses the alpha sphere construct, a geometric feature of a
protein’s Voronoi diagram, to map out concave interaction space
at the protein surface. We introduce two new features—alpha-atom
and alpha-space—and the concept of the alpha-atom/alpha-space
pair to rank pockets for fragment-targetability and to facilitate
the evaluation of pocket/fragment complementarity. The resulting high-resolution
interfacial map of targetable pocket space can be used to guide the
rational design and optimization of small molecule or biomimetic PPI
inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rooklin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Joseph Katigbak
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Paramjit S Arora
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai , Shanghai 200062, China
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62
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Boulahjar R, Ouach A, Bourg S, Bonnet P, Lozach O, Meijer L, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Le Guevel R, Lazar S, Akssira M, Troin Y, Guillaumet G, Routier S. Advances in tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]isoindolone (valmerins) series: Potent glycogen synthase kinase 3 and cyclin dependent kinase 5 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:274-87. [PMID: 26142492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic strategy was developed to modulate the structure of the tetrahydropyridine isoindolone (Valmerin) skeleton. A library of more than 30 novel final structures was generated. Biological activities on CDK5 and GSK3 as well as cellular effects on cancer cell lines were measured for each novel compound. Additionally docking studies were performed to support medicinal chemistry efforts. A strong GSK3/CDK5 dual inhibitor (38, IC50 GSK3/CDK5 32/84 nM) was obtained. A set of highly selective GSK3 inhibitors was synthesized by fine-tuning structural modifications (29 IC50 GSK3/CDK5 32/320 nM). Antiproliferative effects on cells were correlated with the in vitro kinase activities and the best effects were obtained with lung and colon cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajâa Boulahjar
- Univ Orleans, CNRS UMR 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Aziz Ouach
- Univ Orleans, CNRS UMR 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Stéphane Bourg
- Univ Orleans, CNRS UMR 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- Univ Orleans, CNRS UMR 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Lozach
- C.N.R.S., 'Protein Phosphorylation & Human Disease' Group, USR3151, Station Biologique, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Meijer
- C.N.R.S., 'Protein Phosphorylation & Human Disease' Group, USR3151, Station Biologique, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo
- Plateforme ImPACcell-SFR BIOSIT UMS-CNRS3480 UMS-INSERM018, Université de Rennes1, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Rémy Le Guevel
- Plateforme ImPACcell-SFR BIOSIT UMS-CNRS3480 UMS-INSERM018, Université de Rennes1, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Saïd Lazar
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Bioorganique et Analytique, URAC 22 pôle Répam, Université Hassan II Mohammedia-Casablanca, BP 146, 28800 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Bioorganique et Analytique, URAC 22 pôle Répam, Université Hassan II Mohammedia-Casablanca, BP 146, 28800 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Yves Troin
- Clermont Université, ENSCCF, Laboratoire de Chimie des Hétérocycles et des Glucides, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Univ Orleans, CNRS UMR 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Sylvain Routier
- Univ Orleans, CNRS UMR 7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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64
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Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5), a family member of the cyclin-dependent kinases, plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system. During embryogenesis, Cdk5 is indispensable for brain development and, in the adult brain, it is essential for numerous neuronal processes, including higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation. However, Cdk5 activity becomes deregulated in several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, which leads to neurotoxicity. Therefore, precise control over Cdk5 activity is essential for its physiological functions. This Commentary covers the various mechanisms of Cdk5 regulation, including several recently identified protein activators and inhibitors of Cdk5 that control its activity in normal and diseased brains. We also discuss the autoregulatory activity of Cdk5 and its regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. We finally highlight physiological and pathological roles of Cdk5 in the brain. Specific modulation of these protein regulators is expected to provide alternative strategies for the development of effective therapeutic interventions that are triggered by deregulation of Cdk5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Departments of Psychiatry and of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Neuroscience Research Building, 320 W. 15th St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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65
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Corbel C, Zhang B, Le Parc A, Baratte B, Colas P, Couturier C, Kosik KS, Landrieu I, Le Tilly V, Bach S. Tamoxifen inhibits CDK5 kinase activity by interacting with p35/p25 and modulates the pattern of tau phosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:472-482. [PMID: 25865311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays numerous roles, notably in brain development. CDK5 is activated through its association with the activators, p35 and p39, rather than by cyclins. Proteolytic procession of the N-terminal part of its activators has been linked to Alzheimer's disease and various other neuropathies. The interaction with the proteolytic product p25 prolongs CDK5 activation and modifies the substrate specificity. In order to discover small-molecule inhibitors of the interaction between CDK5 and p25, we have used a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based screening assay. Among the 1,760 compounds screened, the generic drug tamoxifen has been identified. The inhibition of the CDK5 activity by tamoxifen was notably validated by monitoring the phosphorylation state of tau protein. The study of the molecular mechanism of inhibition indicates that tamoxifen interacts with p25 to block the CDK5/p25 interaction and pave the way for new treatments of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Corbel
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France; EA4250-LIMATB-EG2B, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement Yves Coppens, Université de Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France; Kosik Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power Electricity, 071003 Beijing, China
| | - Annabelle Le Parc
- EA4250-LIMATB-EG2B, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement Yves Coppens, Université de Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Blandine Baratte
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Pierre Colas
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Cyril Couturier
- UMR761-INSERM Lille University, Biostructures and Drug Discovery, 59006 Lille, France
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Kosik Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- UMR8576 CNRS-Lille North of France University, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRI), 58658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Véronique Le Tilly
- EA4250-LIMATB-EG2B, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement Yves Coppens, Université de Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Stéphane Bach
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
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66
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Peyressatre M, Prével C, Pellerano M, Morris MC. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in human cancers: from small molecules to Peptide inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:179-237. [PMID: 25625291 PMCID: PMC4381256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK/Cyclins) form a family of heterodimeric kinases that play central roles in regulation of cell cycle progression, transcription and other major biological processes including neuronal differentiation and metabolism. Constitutive or deregulated hyperactivity of these kinases due to amplification, overexpression or mutation of cyclins or CDK, contributes to proliferation of cancer cells, and aberrant activity of these kinases has been reported in a wide variety of human cancers. These kinases therefore constitute biomarkers of proliferation and attractive pharmacological targets for development of anticancer therapeutics. The structural features of several of these kinases have been elucidated and their molecular mechanisms of regulation characterized in depth, providing clues for development of drugs and inhibitors to disrupt their function. However, like most other kinases, they constitute a challenging class of therapeutic targets due to their highly conserved structural features and ATP-binding pocket. Notwithstanding, several classes of inhibitors have been discovered from natural sources, and small molecule derivatives have been synthesized through rational, structure-guided approaches or identified in high throughput screens. The larger part of these inhibitors target ATP pockets, but a growing number of peptides targeting protein/protein interfaces are being proposed, and a small number of compounds targeting allosteric sites have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Peyressatre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - Camille Prével
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - Morgan Pellerano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - May C Morris
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
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Ke K, Shen J, Song Y, Cao M, Lu H, Liu C, Shen J, Li A, Huang J, Ni H, Chen X, Liu Y. CDK5 Contributes to Neuronal Apoptosis via Promoting MEF2D Phosphorylation in Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 56:48-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tian F, Xu LH, Wang B, Tian LJ, Ji XL. The neuroprotective mechanism of puerarin in the treatment of acute spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury is linked to cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Neurosci Lett 2014; 584:50-5. [PMID: 25301568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is shown to exert a variety of pharmacological effects including neuroprotective properties. However, mechanisms of the action are not fully understood. This study was designed to explore the mechanism of puerarin in treatment of acute spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Acute spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was conducted by aortic occlusion in twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighting 230-250 g. The animals were randomly divided into four groups. In the animals with puerarin treatment, 50 mg/kg of puerarin was injected intraperitoneally after reperfusion, and followed by the same dose of injection every 24h for 2 days. In the animals with roscovitine pre-treatment, 30 mg/kg roscovitine was intravenously administrated 60 min before spinal ischemia started. After spinal ischemia for 60 min followed by 48 h of reperfusion, the motor function, spinal infarction volume, apoptosis indices and the activities of Cdk5 and p25 were examined. Acute spinal ischemia-reperfusion resulted in an injury of the spines associated with motor deficit, elevation of Cdk5 and p25 activities, and increase in the spinal apoptosis number and spinal infarction volume. Puerarin improved motor function associated with the decreased apoptosis number, spinal infarction volume, and Cdk5 and p25 activities. The present study indicated that reduction of spinal injury was associated with inhibition of Cdk5 and p25, and that inhibition of Cdk5 and p25 was one of the neuroprotective mechanisms in the puerarin treatment of acute ischemia/reperfusion-induced spinal injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Li-Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shenyang Medical College Fengtian Hospital, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Jie Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang-Lu Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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69
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Fluorescent biosensors for drug discovery new tools for old targets--screening for inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 88:74-88. [PMID: 25314935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases play central roles in regulation of cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation and other major biological processes such as neuronal differentiation and metabolism. These kinases are hyperactivated in most human cancers and constitute attractive pharmacological targets. A large number of ATP-competitive inhibitors of CDKs have been identified from natural substances, in high throughput screening assays, or through structure-guided approaches. Alternative strategies have been explored to target essential protein/protein interfaces and screen for allosteric inhibitors that trap inactive intermediates or prevent conformational activation. However this remains a major challenge given the highly conserved structural features of these kinases, and calls for new and alternative screening technologies. Fluorescent biosensors constitute powerful tools for the detection of biomolecules in complex biological samples, and are well suited to study dynamic processes and highlight molecular alterations associated with pathological disorders. They further constitute sensitive and selective tools which can be readily implemented to high throughput and high content screens in drug discovery programmes. Our group has developed fluorescent biosensors to probe cyclin-dependent kinases and gain insight into their molecular behaviour in vitro and in living cells. These tools provide a means of monitoring subtle alterations in the abundance and activity of CDK/Cyclins and can respond to compounds that interfere with the conformational dynamics of these kinases. In this review we discuss the different strategies which have been devised to target CDK/Cyclins, and describe the implementation of our CDK/Cyclin biosensors to develop HTS/HCS assays in view of identifying new classes of inhibitors for cancer therapeutics.
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70
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Wainaina MN, Chen Z, Zhong C. Environmental factors in the development and progression of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:253-70. [PMID: 24664867 PMCID: PMC5562669 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual loss of synapses and neurons, but its pathogenesis remains to be clarified. Neurons live in an environment constituted by neurons themselves and glial cells. In this review, we propose that the neuronal degeneration in the AD brain is partially caused by diverse environmental factors. We first discuss various environmental stresses and the corresponding responses at different levels. Then we propose some mechanisms underlying the specific pathological changes, in particular, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis dysfunction at the systemic level; cerebrovascular dysfunction, metal toxicity, glial activation, and Aβ toxicity at the intercellular level; and kinase-phosphatase imbalance and epigenetic modification at the intracellular level. Finally, we discuss the possibility of developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of LOAD from the perspective of environmental stress. We conclude that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of LOAD through multiple pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses N. Wainaina
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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71
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Aβ-induced Golgi fragmentation in Alzheimer's disease enhances Aβ production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E1230-9. [PMID: 24639524 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1320192111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi fragmentation occurs in neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying molecular mechanism causing the defects and the subsequent effects on disease development remain unknown. In this study, we examined the Golgi structure in APPswe/PS1E9 transgenic mouse and tissue culture models. Our results show that accumulation of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) leads to Golgi fragmentation. Further biochemistry and cell biology studies revealed that Golgi fragmentation in AD is caused by phosphorylation of Golgi structural proteins, such as GRASP65, which is induced by Aβ-triggered cyclin-dependent kinase-5 activation. Significantly, both inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 and expression of nonphosphorylatable GRASP65 mutants rescued the Golgi structure and reduced Aβ secretion by elevating α-cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. Our study demonstrates a molecular mechanism for Golgi fragmentation and its effects on amyloid precursor protein trafficking and processing in AD, suggesting Golgi as a potential drug target for AD treatment.
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72
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Zhang X, Hernandez I, Rei D, Mair W, Laha JK, Cornwell ME, Cuny GD, Tsai LH, Steen JAJ, Kosik KS. Diaminothiazoles modify Tau phosphorylation and improve the tauopathy in mouse models. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22042-56. [PMID: 23737518 PMCID: PMC3724657 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.436402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Tau accumulation is a feature of several neurodegenerative conditions, treatment options for these conditions are nonexistent. Targeting Tau kinases represents a potential therapeutic approach. Small molecules in the diaminothiazole class are potent Tau kinase inhibitors that target CDK5 and GSK3β. Lead compounds from the series have IC50 values toward CDK5/p25 and GSK3β in the low nanomolar range and no observed toxicity in the therapeutic dose range. Neuronal protective effects and decreased PHF-1 immunoreactivity were observed in two animal models, 3×Tg-AD and CK-p25. Treatment nearly eliminated Sarkosyl-insoluble Tau with the most prominent effect on the phosphorylation at Ser-404. Treatment also induced the recovery of memory in a fear conditioning assay. Given the contribution of both CDK5/p25 and GSK3β to Tau phosphorylation, effective treatment of tauopathies may require dual kinase targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- From the Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Israel Hernandez
- From the Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Damien Rei
- the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Waltraud Mair
- the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Joydev K. Laha
- the Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Madison E. Cornwell
- From the Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Gregory D. Cuny
- the Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Judith A. J. Steen
- the F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kenneth S. Kosik
- From the Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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73
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Noble W, Hanger DP, Miller CCJ, Lovestone S. The importance of tau phosphorylation for neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurol 2013; 4:83. [PMID: 23847585 PMCID: PMC3696910 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar deposits of highly phosphorylated tau are a key pathological feature of several neurodegenerative tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some frontotemporal dementias. Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of these end-stage neurofibrillary lesions do not cause neuronal loss, but rather that alterations to soluble tau proteins induce neurodegeneration. In particular, aberrant tau phosphorylation is acknowledged to be a key disease process, influencing tau structure, distribution, and function in neurons. Although typically described as a cytosolic protein that associates with microtubules and regulates axonal transport, several additional functions of tau have recently been demonstrated, including roles in DNA stabilization, and synaptic function. Most recently, studies examining the trans-synaptic spread of tau pathology in disease models have suggested a potential role for extracellular tau in cell signaling pathways intrinsic to neurodegeneration. Here we review the evidence showing that tau phosphorylation plays a key role in neurodegenerative tauopathies. We also comment on the tractability of altering phosphorylation-dependent tau functions for therapeutic intervention in AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Noble
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry , London , UK
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Binukumar BK, Shukla V, Amin ND, Reddy P, Skuntz S, Grant P, Pant HC. Topographic regulation of neuronal intermediate filaments by phosphorylation, role of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1: significance in neurodegeneration. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:23-32. [PMID: 23793952 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal cytoskeleton is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions mediated by numerous associated kinases, phosphatases and their regulators. Defects in the relative kinase and phosphatase activities and/or deregulation of compartment-specific phosphorylation result in neurodegenerative disorders. The largest family of cytoskeletal proteins in mammalian cells is the superfamily of intermediate filaments (IFs). The neurofilament (NF) proteins are the major IFs. Aggregated forms of hyperphosphorylated tau and phosphorylated NFs are found in pathological cell body accumulations in the central nervous system of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The precise mechanisms for this compartment-specific phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins are not completely understood. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of neurofilament phosphorylation in normal physiology and neurodegenerative diseases. We also address the recent breakthroughs in our understanding the role of different kinases and phosphatases involved in regulating the phosphorylation status of the NFs. In addition, special emphasis has been given to describe the role of phosphatases and Pin1 in phosphorylation of NFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Binukumar
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cytoskeletal Protein Regulation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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