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Age-related injury responses of human oligodendrocytes to metabolic insults: link to BCL-2 and autophagy pathways. Commun Biol 2021; 4:20. [PMID: 33398046 PMCID: PMC7782481 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin destruction and oligodendrocyte (OL) death consequent to metabolic stress is a feature of CNS disorders across the age spectrum. Using cells derived from surgically resected tissue, we demonstrate that young (<age 5) pediatric-aged sample OLs are more resistant to in-vitro metabolic injury than fetal O4+ progenitor cells, but more susceptible to cell death and apoptosis than adult-derived OLs. Pediatric but not adult OLs show measurable levels of TUNEL+ cells, a feature of the fetal cell response. The ratio of anti- vs pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family genes are increased in adult vs pediatric (<age 5) mature OLs and in more mature OL lineage cells. Lysosomal gene expression was increased in adult and pediatric compared to fetal OL lineage cells. Cell death of OLs was increased by inhibiting pro-apoptotic BCL-2 gene and autophagy activity. These distinct age-related injury responses should be considered in designing therapies aimed at reducing myelin injury.
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Gil A, Martín-Montañez E, Valverde N, Lara E, Boraldi F, Claros S, Romero-Zerbo SY, Fernández O, Pavia J, Garcia-Fernandez M. Neuronal Metabolism and Neuroprotection: Neuroprotective Effect of Fingolimod on Menadione-Induced Mitochondrial Damage. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010034. [PMID: 33383658 PMCID: PMC7824129 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance in the oxidative status in neurons, along with mitochondrial damage, are common characteristics in some neurodegenerative diseases. The maintenance in energy production is crucial to face and recover from oxidative damage, and the preservation of different sources of energy production is essential to preserve neuronal function. Fingolimod phosphate is a drug with neuroprotective and antioxidant actions, used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This work was performed in a model of oxidative damage on neuronal cell cultures exposed to menadione in the presence or absence of fingolimod phosphate. We studied the mitochondrial function, antioxidant enzymes, protein nitrosylation, and several pathways related with glucose metabolism and glycolytic and pentose phosphate in neuronal cells cultures. Our results showed that menadione produces a decrease in mitochondrial function, an imbalance in antioxidant enzymes, and an increase in nitrosylated proteins with a decrease in glycolysis and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. All these effects were counteracted when fingolimod phosphate was present in the incubation media. These effects were mediated, at least in part, by the interaction of this drug with its specific S1P receptors. These actions would make this drug a potential tool in the treatment of neurodegenerative processes, either to slow progression or alleviate symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.)
| | - Elisa Martín-Montañez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.)
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (N.V.); (E.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Nadia Valverde
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (N.V.); (E.L.); (S.C.)
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Estrella Lara
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (N.V.); (E.L.); (S.C.)
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Silvia Claros
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (N.V.); (E.L.); (S.C.)
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | | | - Oscar Fernández
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.)
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (N.V.); (E.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Jose Pavia
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.G.); (E.M.-M.); (O.F.)
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (N.V.); (E.L.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.G.-F.)
| | - Maria Garcia-Fernandez
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (N.V.); (E.L.); (S.C.)
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.G.-F.)
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Zhang X, Wang R, Hu D, Sun X, Fujioka H, Lundberg K, Chan ER, Wang Q, Xu R, Flanagan ME, Pieper AA, Qi X. Oligodendroglial glycolytic stress triggers inflammasome activation and neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/49/eabb8680. [PMID: 33277246 PMCID: PMC7717916 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelin degeneration and white matter loss resulting from oligodendrocyte (OL) death are early events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that lead to cognitive deficits; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we find that mature OLs in both AD patients and an AD mouse model undergo NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-dependent Gasdermin D-associated inflammatory injury, concomitant with demyelination and axonal degeneration. The mature OL-specific knockdown of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1; a mitochondrial fission guanosine triphosphatase) abolishes NLRP3 inflammasome activation, corrects myelin loss, and improves cognitive ability in AD mice. Drp1 hyperactivation in mature OLs induces a glycolytic defect in AD models by inhibiting hexokinase 1 (HK1; a mitochondrial enzyme that initiates glycolysis), which triggers NLRP3-associated inflammation. These findings suggest that OL glycolytic deficiency plays a causal role in AD development. The Drp1-HK1-NLRP3 signaling axis may be a key mechanism and therapeutic target for white matter degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rihua Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kathleen Lundberg
- Center for Proteomics and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ernest R Chan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Quanqiu Wang
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Psychiatry Case Western Reserve University, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Park SJ, Choi JW. Brain energy metabolism and multiple sclerosis: progress and prospects. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1017-1030. [PMID: 33119885 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease accompanied with nerve pain and paralysis. Although various pathogenic causes of MS have been suggested, including genetic and environmental factors, how MS occurs remains unclear. Moreover, MS should be diagnosed based on clinical experiences because of no disease-specific biomarker and currently available treatments for MS just can reduce relapsing frequency or severity with little effects on disease disability. Therefore, more efforts are required to identify pathophysiology of MS and diagnosis markers. Recent evidence indicates another aspect of MS pathogenesis, energy failure in the central nervous system (CNS). For instance, inflammation that is a characteristic MS symptom and occurs frequently in the CNS of MS patients can result into energy failure in mitochondria and cytosol. Indeed, metabolomics studies for MS have reported energy failure in oxidative phosphorylation and alteration of aerobic glycolysis. Therefore, studies on the metabolism in the CNS may provide another insight for understanding complexity of MS and pathogenesis, which would facilitate the discovery of promising strategies for developing therapeutics to treat MS. This review will provide an overview on recent progress of metabolomic studies for MS, with a focus on the fluctuation of energy metabolism in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jean Park
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Korea.
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Korea.
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Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators and Oligodendroglial Cells: Beyond Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207537. [PMID: 33066042 PMCID: PMC7588977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination, axonal loss, and synaptic impairment in the central nervous system (CNS). The available therapies aim to reduce the severity of the pathology during the early inflammatory stages, but they are not effective in the chronic stage of the disease. In this phase, failure in endogenous remyelination is associated with the impairment of oligodendrocytes progenitor cells (OPCs) to migrate and differentiate into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Therefore, stimulating differentiation of OPCs into myelinating oligodendrocytes has become one of the main goals of new therapeutic approaches for MS. Different disease-modifying therapies targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) have been approved or are being developed to treat MS. Besides their immunomodulatory effects, growing evidence suggests that targeting S1PRs modulates mechanisms beyond immunomodulation, such as remyelination. In this context, this review focuses on the current understanding of S1PR modulators and their direct effect on OPCs and oligodendrocytes.
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56
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Nakamura DS, Lin YH, Khan D, Gothié JDM, de Faria O, Dixon JA, McBride HM, Antel JP, Kennedy TE. Mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics regulated by netrin-1 in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2020; 69:392-412. [PMID: 32910475 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that produce energy and molecular precursors that are essential for myelin synthesis. Unlike in neurons, mitochondria in oligodendrocytes increase intracellular movement in response to glutamatergic activation and are more susceptible to oxidative stress than in astrocytes or microglia. The signaling pathways that regulate these cell type-specific mitochondrial responses in oligodendrocytes are not understood. Here, we visualized mitochondria migrating through thin cytoplasmic channels crossing myelin basic protein-positive compacted membranes and localized within paranodal loop cytoplasm. We hypothesized that local extracellular enrichment of netrin-1 might regulate the recruitment and function of paranodal proteins and organelles, including mitochondria. We identified rapid recruitment of mitochondria and paranodal proteins, including neurofascin 155 (NF155) and the netrin receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), to sites of contact between oligodendrocytes and netrin-1-coated microbeads in vitro. We provide evidence that Src-family kinase activation and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibition downstream of netrin-1 induces mitochondrial elongation, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane, and increases glycolysis. Our findings identify a signaling mechanism in oligodendrocytes that is sufficient to locally recruit paranodal proteins and regulate the subcellular localization, morphology, and function of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-David M Gothié
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Omar de Faria
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James A Dixon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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57
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Cui QL, Lin YH, Xu YKT, Fernandes MGF, Rao VTS, Kennedy TE, Antel J. Effects of Biotin on survival, ensheathment, and ATP production by oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233859. [PMID: 32470040 PMCID: PMC7259710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms implicated in disease progression in multiple sclerosis include continued oligodendrocyte (OL)/myelin injury and failure of myelin repair. Underlying causes include metabolic stress with resultant energy deficiency. Biotin is a cofactor for carboxylases involved in ATP production that impact myelin production by promoting fatty acid synthesis. Here, we investigate the effects of high dose Biotin (MD1003) on the functional properties of post-natal rat derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). A2B5 positive OPCs were assessed using an in vitro injury assay, culturing cells in either DFM (DMEM/F12+N1) or “stress media” (no glucose (NG)-DMEM), with Biotin added over a range from 2.5 to 250 μg/ml, and cell viability determined after 24 hrs. Biotin reduced the increase in OPC cell death in the NG condition. In nanofiber myelination assays, biotin increased the percentage of ensheathing cells, the number of ensheathed segments per cell, and length of ensheathed segments. In dispersed cell culture, Biotin also significantly increased ATP production, assessed using a Seahorse bio-analyzer. For most assays, the positive effects of Biotin were observed at the higher end of the dose-response analysis. We conclude that Biotin, in vitro, protects OL lineage cells from metabolic injury, enhances myelin-like ensheathment, and is associated with increased ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ling Cui
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu Kang T. Xu
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Menacho C, Prigione A. Tackling mitochondrial diversity in brain function: from animal models to human brain organoids. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 123:105760. [PMID: 32339638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria exhibit high degree of heterogeneity within various tissues, including differences in terms of morphology, quantity, or function. Mitochondria can even vary among distinct sub-compartments of the same cell. Emerging evidence suggest that the molecular diversity of mitochondria can influence the identity and functionality of a given cell type. Human pathologies affecting mitochondria typically cause tissue and cell-type-specific impairment. Mitochondrial diversity could thus play a contributing role not only in physiological cell fate specification but also during pathological disease development. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial diversity in brain function during health and disease. Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) research and the derivation of cerebral organoids could provide novel opportunities to unveil the role of mitochondrial heterogeneity for the function of the human brain. Mitochondrial diversity might be at the bases of the cell-type-specific vulnerability of mitochondrial disorders and may represent an underappreciated target of disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Menacho
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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59
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Masaki K, Sonobe Y, Ghadge G, Pytel P, Lépine P, Pernin F, Cui QL, Antel JP, Zandee S, Prat A, Roos RP. RNA-binding protein altered expression and mislocalization in MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:7/3/e704. [PMID: 32217641 PMCID: PMC7176246 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether there are nuclear depletion and cellular mislocalization of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) transactivation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), fused in sarcoma (FUS), and polypyrimidine tract–binding protein (PTB) in MS, as is the case in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and oligodendrocytes infected with Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), we examined MS lesions and in vitro cultured primary human brain–derived oligodendrocytes. Methods Nuclear depletion and mislocalization of TDP-43, FUS, and PTB are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS and TMEV demyelination. The latter findings prompted us to investigate these RBPs in the demyelinated lesions of MS and in in vitro cultured human brain–derived oligodendrocytes under metabolic stress conditions. Results We found (1) mislocalized TDP-43 in oligodendrocytes in active lesions in some patients with MS; (2) decreased PTB1 expression in oligodendrocytes in mixed active/inactive demyelinating lesions; (3) decreased nuclear expression of PTB2 in neurons in cortical demyelinating lesions; and (4) nuclear depletion of TDP-43 in oligodendrocytes under metabolic stress induced by low glucose/low nutrient conditions compared with optimal culture conditions. Conclusion TDP-43 has been found to have a key role in oligodendrocyte function and viability, whereas PTB is important in neuronal differentiation, suggesting that altered expression and mislocalization of these RBPs in MS lesions may contribute to the pathogenesis of demyelination and neurodegeneration. Our findings also identify nucleocytoplasmic transport as a target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Masaki
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Yoshifumi Sonobe
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Ghanashyam Ghadge
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Pytel
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Paula Lépine
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Raymond P Roos
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada.
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Ruiz A, Quintela-López T, Sánchez-Gómez MV, Gaminde-Blasco A, Alberdi E, Matute C. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 disrupts oligodendrocyte Ca 2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Glia 2020; 68:1743-1756. [PMID: 32060978 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission mediated by cytosolic dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) is essential for mitochondrial quality control but may contribute to apoptosis as well. Blockade of Drp1 with mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) provides neuroprotection in several models of neurodegeneration and cerebral ischemia and has emerged as a promising therapeutic drug. In oligodendrocytes, overactivation of AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) induces intracellular Ca2+ overload and excitotoxic death that contributes to demyelinating diseases. Mitochondria are key to Ca2+ homeostasis, however it is unclear how it is disrupted during oligodendroglial excitotoxicity. In the current study, we have analyzed mitochondrial dynamics during AMPAR activation and the effects of mdivi-1 on excitotoxicity in optic nerve-derived oligodendrocytes. Sublethal AMPAR activation triggered Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, whereas toxic AMPAR activation produced Drp1-independent mitochondrial swelling. Accordingly, mdivi-1 efficiently inhibited Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and did not prevent oligodendrocyte excitotoxicity. Unexpectedly, mdivi-1 also induced mitochondrial depolarization, ER Ca2+ depletion and modulation of AMPA-induced Ca2+ signaling. These off-target effects of mdivi-1 sensitized oligodendrocytes to excitotoxicity and ER stress and eventually produced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, in cultured astrocytes mdivi-1 induced nondetrimental mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative stress that did not cause toxicity or sensitization to apoptotic stimuli. In summary, our results provide evidence of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission during activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in oligodendrocytes, and uncover a deleterious and Drp1-independent effect of mdivi-1 on mitochondrial and ER function in these cells. These off-target effects of mdivi-1 limit its therapeutic potential and should be taken into account in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Ruiz
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Tania Quintela-López
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - María V Sánchez-Gómez
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Adhara Gaminde-Blasco
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Elena Alberdi
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
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61
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Nanocatalytic activity of clean-surfaced, faceted nanocrystalline gold enhances remyelination in animal models of multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1936. [PMID: 32041968 PMCID: PMC7010780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of pharmacotherapies that promote remyelination is a high priority for multiple sclerosis (MS), due to their potential for neuroprotection and restoration of function through repair of demyelinated lesions. A novel preparation of clean-surfaced, faceted gold nanocrystals demonstrated robust remyelinating activity in response to demyelinating agents in both chronic cuprizone and acute lysolecithin rodent animal models. Furthermore, oral delivery of gold nanocrystals improved motor functions of cuprizone-treated mice in both open field and kinematic gait studies. Gold nanocrystal treatment of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in culture resulted in oligodendrocyte maturation and expression of myelin differentiation markers. Additional in vitro data demonstrated that these gold nanocrystals act via a novel energy metabolism pathway involving the enhancement of key indicators of aerobic glycolysis. In response to gold nanocrystals, co-cultured central nervous system cells exhibited elevated levels of the redox coenzyme nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), elevated total intracellular ATP levels, and elevated extracellular lactate levels, along with upregulation of myelin-synthesis related genes, collectively resulting in functional myelin generation. Based on these preclinical studies, clean-surfaced, faceted gold nanocrystals represent a novel remyelinating therapeutic for multiple sclerosis.
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62
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Baldassarro VA, Marchesini A, Giardino L, Calzà L. Differential effects of glucose deprivation on the survival of fetal versus adult neural stem cells-derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Glia 2019; 68:898-917. [PMID: 31755592 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Impaired myelination is a key feature in neonatal hypoxia/ischemia (HI), the most common perinatal/neonatal cause of death and permanent disabilities, which is triggered by the establishment of an inflammatory and hypoxic environment during the most critical period of myelin development. This process is dependent on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and their capability to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. In this study, we investigated the vulnerability of fetal and adult OPCs derived from neural stem cells (NSCs) to inflammatory and HI insults. The resulting OPCs/astrocytes cultures were exposed to cytokines to mimic inflammation, or to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic an HI condition. The differentiation of both fetal and adult OPCs is completely abolished following exposure to inflammatory cytokines, while only fetal-derived OPCs degenerate when exposed to OGD. We then investigated possible mechanisms involved in OGD-mediated toxicity: (a) T3-mediated maturation induction; (b) glutamate excitotoxicity; (c) glucose metabolism. We found that while no substantial differences were observed in T3 intracellular content regulation and glutamate-mediated toxicity, glucose deprivation lead to selective OPC cell death and impaired differentiation in fetal cultures only. These results indicate that the biological response of OPCs to inflammation and demyelination is different in fetal and adult cells, and that the glucose metabolism perturbation in fetal central nervous system (CNS) may significantly contribute to neonatal pathologies. An understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism will contribute greatly to differentiating myelination enhancing and neuroprotective therapies for neonatal and adult CNS white matter lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | | | - Luciana Giardino
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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63
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Chapman TW, Hill RA. Myelin plasticity in adulthood and aging. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134645. [PMID: 31765728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system maintains the potential for molecular and cellular plasticity throughout life. This flexibility underlies fundamental features of neural circuitry including the brain's ability to sense, store, and properly adapt to everchanging external stimuli on time scales from seconds to years. Evidence for most forms of plasticity are centered around changes in neuronal structure and synaptic strength, however recent data suggests that myelinating oligodendrocytes exhibit certain forms of plasticity in the adult. This plasticity ranges from the generation of entirely new myelinating cells to more subtle changes in myelin sheath length, thickness, and distribution along axons. The extent to which these changes dynamically modify axonal function and neural circuitry and whether they are directly related to mechanisms of learning and memory remains an open question. Here we describe different forms of myelin plasticity, highlight some recent evidence for changes in myelination throughout life, and discuss how defects in these forms of plasticity could be associated with cognitive decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Robert A Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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64
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Healy LM, Yaqubi M, Ludwin S, Antel JP. Species differences in immune-mediated CNS tissue injury and repair: A (neuro)inflammatory topic. Glia 2019; 68:811-829. [PMID: 31724770 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems in the brain parenchyma and in the meningeal spaces contribute to physiologic functions and disease states in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal studies have demonstrated the involvement of immune constituents, along with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, in neural development and rare genetic disorders (e.g., colony stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R] deficiency). Genome wide association studies suggest a comparable role of the immune system in humans. Although the CNS can be the target of primary autoimmune disorders, no current experimental model captures all of the features of the most common human disorder placed in this category, multiple sclerosis (MS). Such features include spontaneous onset, environmental contributions, and a recurrent/progressive disease course in a genetically predisposed host. Numerous therapeutic interventions related to antigen and cytokine specific therapies have demonstrated effectiveness in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model used to define principles underlying immune-mediated mechanisms in MS. Despite the similarities in the two diseases, most treatments used to ameliorate EAE have failed to translate to the human disease. As directly demonstrated in animal models and implicated by correlative studies in humans, adaptive and innate immune constituents within the systemic compartment and resident in the CNS contribute to the disease course of neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral disorders. The expanding knowledge of the molecular properties of glial cells provides increasing insights into species related variables. These variables affect glial bidirectional interactions with the immune system as well as their own production of "immune molecules" that mediate tissue injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Ludwin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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65
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Cotto B, Natarajanseenivasan K, Langford D. HIV-1 infection alters energy metabolism in the brain: Contributions to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 181:101616. [PMID: 31108127 PMCID: PMC6742565 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The brain is particularly sensitive to changes in energy supply. Defects in glucose utilization and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of nearly all neurodegenerative diseases and are also associated with the cognitive decline that occurs as the brain ages. Chronic neuroinflammation driven by glial activation is commonly implicated as a contributing factor to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) disrupts normal brain homeostasis and leads to a spectrum of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HIV-1 activates stress responses in the brain and triggers a state of chronic neuroinflammation. Growing evidence suggests that inflammatory processes and bioenergetics are interconnected in the propagation of neuronal dysfunction. Clinical studies of people living with HIV and basic research support the notion that HIV-1 creates an environment in the CNS that interrupts normal metabolic processes at the cellular level to collectively alter whole brain metabolism. In this review, we highlight reports of abnormal brain metabolism from clinical studies and animal models of HIV-1. We also describe diverse CNS cell-specific changes in bioenergetics associated with HIV-1. Moreover, we propose that attention should be given to adjunctive therapies that combat sources of metabolic dysfunction as a mean to improve and/or prevent neurocognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cotto
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Kalimuthusamy Natarajanseenivasan
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Dianne Langford
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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66
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Chamberlain KA, Sheng ZH. Mechanisms for the maintenance and regulation of axonal energy supply. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:897-913. [PMID: 30883896 PMCID: PMC6565461 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The unique polarization and high-energy demand of neurons necessitates specialized mechanisms to maintain energy homeostasis throughout the cell, particularly in the distal axon. Mitochondria play a key role in meeting axonal energy demand by generating adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation. Recent evidence demonstrates how axonal mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring are coordinated to sense and respond to altered energy requirements. If and when these mechanisms are impacted in pathological conditions, such as injury and neurodegenerative disease, is an emerging research frontier. Recent evidence also suggests that axonal energy demand may be supplemented by local glial cells, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In this review, we provide an updated discussion of how oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic glycolysis, and oligodendrocyte-derived metabolic support contribute to the maintenance of axonal energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Anne Chamberlain
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3706, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3706, USA
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67
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Esmonde-White C, Yaqubi M, Bilodeau PA, Cui QL, Pernin F, Larochelle C, Ghadiri M, Xu YKT, Kennedy TE, Hall J, Healy LM, Antel JP. Distinct Function-Related Molecular Profile of Adult Human A2B5-Positive Pre-Oligodendrocytes Versus Mature Oligodendrocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:468-479. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | | | - Qiao Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | | | - Mahtab Ghadiri
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yu Kang T Xu
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Jeffery Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
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68
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Taege Y, Hagemeier J, Bergsland N, Dwyer MG, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Schweser F. Assessment of mesoscopic properties of deep gray matter iron through a model-based simultaneous analysis of magnetic susceptibility and R 2* - A pilot study in patients with multiple sclerosis and normal controls. Neuroimage 2019; 186:308-320. [PMID: 30445148 PMCID: PMC6481304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of brain iron relied on the effect of the iron on magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation properties, such as R2∗, and bulk tissue magnetic susceptibility, as measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). The present study exploited the dependence of R2∗ and magnetic susceptibility on physical interactions at different length-scales to retrieve information about the tissue microenvironment, rather than the iron concentration. We introduce a method for the simultaneous analysis of brain tissue magnetic susceptibility and R2∗ that aims to isolate those biophysical mechanisms of R2∗ -contrast that are associated with the micro- and mesoscopic distribution of iron, referred to as the Iron Microstructure Coefficient (IMC). The present study hypothesized that changes in the deep gray matter (DGM) magnetic microenvironment associated with aging and pathological mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS), such as changes of the distribution and chemical form of the iron, manifest in quantifiable contributions to the IMC. To validate this hypothesis, we analyzed the voxel-based association between R2∗ and magnetic susceptibility in different DGM regions of 26 patients with multiple sclerosis and 33 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Values of the IMC varied significantly between anatomical regions, were reduced in the dentate and increased in the caudate of patients compared to controls, and decreased with normal aging, most strongly in caudate, globus pallidus and putamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Taege
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Jesper Hagemeier
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Michael G Dwyer
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 1010 Main St 2nd Flr, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA.
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69
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Ferrer I. Oligodendrogliopathy in neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal protein aggregates: The forgotten partner. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:24-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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70
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Li WX, Qu Y, Mu DZ, Tang J. [A review on the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and white matter injury in preterm infants]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:864-869. [PMID: 30369366 PMCID: PMC7389051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
White matter injury in preterm infants has a complex etiology and can lead to long-term neurocognitive and behavioral deficits, but there are still no specific treatment methods for this disease at present. More and more studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of white matter injury in preterm infants and might be a common subcellular mechanism of white matter developmental disorder, which involves oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis. This article reviews the role of mitochondria in brain development and the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction, with a hope to perform early intervention of white matter injury in preterm infants by protecting mitochondrial function, so as to provide a reference for improving the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants who survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China.
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71
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Li WX, Qu Y, Mu DZ, Tang J. [A review on the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and white matter injury in preterm infants]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:864-869. [PMID: 30369366 PMCID: PMC7389051 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
White matter injury in preterm infants has a complex etiology and can lead to long-term neurocognitive and behavioral deficits, but there are still no specific treatment methods for this disease at present. More and more studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of white matter injury in preterm infants and might be a common subcellular mechanism of white matter developmental disorder, which involves oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis. This article reviews the role of mitochondria in brain development and the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction, with a hope to perform early intervention of white matter injury in preterm infants by protecting mitochondrial function, so as to provide a reference for improving the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants who survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China.
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72
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Abstract
The human brain weighs approximately 2% of the body; however, it consumes about 20% of a
person’s total energy intake. Cellular bioenergetics in the central nervous system
involves a delicate balance between biochemical processes engaged in energy conversion and
those responsible for respiration. Neurons have high energy demands, which rely on
metabolic coupling with glia, such as with oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. It has been
well established that astrocytes recycle and transport glutamine to neurons to make the
essential neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, as well as shuttle lactate to support
energy synthesis in neurons. However, the metabolic role of oligodendrocytes in the
central nervous system is less clear. In this review, we discuss the energetic demands of
oligodendrocytes in their survival and maturation, the impact of altered oligodendrocyte
energetics on disease pathology, and the role of energetic metabolites, taurine, creatine,
N-acetylaspartate, and biotin, in regulating oligodendrocyte
function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rosko
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Victoria N Smith
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Reiji Yamazaki
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Huang
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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73
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis: Reprogramming Energy Metabolism and Potential PPARγ Agonist Treatment Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041212. [PMID: 29659554 PMCID: PMC5979570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) cells is the site of several energy metabolic abnormalities driven by dysregulation between the opposed interplay of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and WNT/β-catenin pathways. We focus our review on the opposing interactions observed in demyelinating processes in MS between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ and their reprogramming energy metabolism implications. Demyelination in MS is associated with chronic inflammation, which is itself associated with the release of cytokines by CD4+ Th17 cells, and downregulation of PPARγ expression leading to the upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling induces activation of glycolytic enzymes that modify their energy metabolic behavior. Then, in MS cells, a large portion of cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate. This phenomenon is called the Warburg effect, despite the availability of oxygen. The Warburg effect is the shift of an energy transfer production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. Lactate production is correlated with increased WNT/β-catenin signaling and demyelinating processes by inducing dysfunction of CD4+ T cells leading to axonal and neuronal damage. In MS, downregulation of PPARγ decreases insulin sensitivity and increases neuroinflammation. PPARγ agonists inhibit Th17 differentiation in CD4+ T cells and then diminish release of cytokines. In MS, abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms stimulate the WNT pathway to initiate the demyelination process. Moreover, PPARγ contributes to the regulation of some key circadian genes. Thus, PPARγ agonists interfere with reprogramming energy metabolism by directly inhibiting the WNT/β-catenin pathway and circadian rhythms and could appear as promising treatments in MS due to these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France.
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- Data Analysis and Computations Through Imaging Modeling-Mathématiques (DACTIM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348 (Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Application), University of Poitiers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France.
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France.
- LMA (Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France.
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74
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Antel JP, Lin YH, Cui QL, Pernin F, Kennedy TE, Ludwin SK, Healy LM. Immunology of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vivo and in vitro. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 331:28-35. [PMID: 29566973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination following myelin/oligodendrocyte injury in the central nervous system (CNS) is dependent on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrating into lesion sites, differentiating into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs), and ensheathing axons. Experimental models indicate that robust OPC-dependent remyelination can occur in the CNS; in contrast, histologic and imaging studies of lesions in the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS) indicate the variable extent of this response, which is particularly limited in more chronic MS lesions. Immune-mediated mechanisms can contribute either positively or negatively to the presence and functional responses of OPCs. This review addresses i) the molecular signature and functional properties of OPCs in the adult human brain; ii) the status (presence and function) of OPCs in MS lesions; iii) experimental models and in vitro data highlighting the contribution of adaptive and innate immune constituents to OPC injury and remyelination; and iv) effects of MS-directed immunotherapies on OPCs, either directly or indirectly via effects on specific immune constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel K Ludwin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Schweser F, Raffaini Duarte Martins AL, Hagemeier J, Lin F, Hanspach J, Weinstock-Guttman B, Hametner S, Bergsland N, Dwyer MG, Zivadinov R. Mapping of thalamic magnetic susceptibility in multiple sclerosis indicates decreasing iron with disease duration: A proposed mechanistic relationship between inflammation and oligodendrocyte vitality. Neuroimage 2018; 167:438-452. [PMID: 29097315 PMCID: PMC5845810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in susceptibility MRI have dramatically improved the visualization of deep gray matter brain regions and the quantification of their magnetic properties in vivo, providing a novel tool to study the poorly understood iron homeostasis in the human brain. In this study, we used an advanced combination of the recent quantitative susceptibility mapping technique with dedicated analysis methods to study intra-thalamic tissue alterations in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Thalamic pathology is one of the earliest hallmarks of MS and has been shown to correlate with cognitive dysfunction and fatigue, but the mechanisms underlying the thalamic pathology are poorly understood. We enrolled a total of 120 patients, 40 with CIS, 40 with Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS), and 40 with Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS). For each of the three patient groups, we recruited 40 controls, group matched for age- and sex (120 total). We acquired quantitative susceptibility maps using a single-echo gradient echo MRI pulse sequence at 3 T. Group differences were studied by voxel-based analysis as well as with a custom thalamus atlas. We used threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) and multiple regression analyses, respectively. We found significantly reduced magnetic susceptibility compared to controls in focal thalamic subregions of patients with RRMS (whole thalamus excluding the pulvinar nucleus) and SPMS (primarily pulvinar nucleus), but not in patients with CIS. Susceptibility reduction was significantly associated with disease duration in the pulvinar, the left lateral nuclear region, and the global thalamus. Susceptibility reduction indicates a decrease in tissue iron concentration suggesting an involvement of chronic microglia activation in the depletion of iron from oligodendrocytes in this central and integrative brain region. Not necessarily specific to MS, inflammation-mediated iron release may lead to a vicious circle that reduces the protection of axons and neuronal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Ana Luiza Raffaini Duarte Martins
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jesper Hagemeier
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fuchun Lin
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jannis Hanspach
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Simon Hametner
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Dwyer
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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76
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Gothié JD, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Comparative approaches to understanding thyroid hormone regulation of neurogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:104-115. [PMID: 28545819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, an evolutionary conserved pathway, is crucial for brain function and cognition throughout life, from early development to ageing. In humans, TH deficiency during pregnancy alters offspring brain development, increasing the risk of cognitive disorders. How TH regulates neurogenesis and subsequent behaviour and cognitive functions remains a major research challenge. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TH signalling on proliferation, survival, determination, migration, differentiation and maturation have been studied in mammalian animal models for over a century. However, recent data show that THs also influence embryonic and adult neurogenesis throughout vertebrates (from mammals to teleosts). These latest observations raise the question of how TH availability is controlled during neurogenesis and particularly in specific neural stem cell populations. This review deals with the role of TH in regulating neurogenesis in the developing and the adult brain across different vertebrate species. Such evo-devo approaches can shed new light on (i) the evolution of the nervous system and (ii) the evolutionary control of neurogenesis by TH across animal phyla. We also discuss the role of thyroid disruptors on brain development in an evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Gothié
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
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77
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Minchenberg SB, Massa PT. The control of oligodendrocyte bioenergetics by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). J Neuroimmunol 2017; 331:46-57. [PMID: 29113698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration are essential for oligodendrocyte metabolism in both the developing and adult CNS. Based on recent reports on the effects of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ on metabolism and on oligodendrocytes, we addressed whether IFN-γ may affect oligodendrocyte bioenergetics in ways relevant to CNS disease. Oligodendrocytes of mice treated with IFN-γ showed significant reductions in aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. As expected, IFN-γ treatment led to the induction of STAT1 in oligodendrocytes indicating active signaling into these cells. To determine the direct effects of IFN-γ on oligodendrocyte metabolism, cultured oligodendrocytes were treated with IFN-γ in vitro, which resulted in suppression of glycolysis similar to oligodendrocytes of animals treated with IFN-γ in vivo. Mice lacking SHP-1, a key regulator of IFN-γ and STAT1 signaling in CNS glia, had high constitutive levels of STAT1 and decreased aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration rates relative to wild type mouse oligodendrocytes. Together, these data show that IFN-γ and SHP-1 control oligodendrocyte bioenergetics in ways that may relate to the role of this cytokine in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Minchenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Paul T Massa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, United States.
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78
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Understanding a role for hypoxia in lesion formation and location in the deep and periventricular white matter in small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2503-2524. [PMID: 29026001 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The deep and periventricular white matter is preferentially affected in several neurological disorders, including cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms may be involved in this injury. Here we consider the potential pathogenic role of tissue hypoxia in lesion development, arising partly from the vascular anatomy of the affected white matter. Specifically, these regions are supplied by a sparse vasculature fed by long, narrow end arteries/arterioles that are vulnerable to oxygen desaturation if perfusion is reduced (as in SVD, MS and diabetes) or if the surrounding tissue is hypoxic (as in MS, at least). The oxygen crisis is exacerbated by a local preponderance of veins, as these can become highly desaturated 'sinks' for oxygen that deplete it from surrounding tissues. Additional haemodynamic deficiencies, including sluggish flow and impaired vasomotor reactivity and vessel compliance, further exacerbate oxygen insufficiency. The cells most vulnerable to hypoxic damage, including oligodendrocytes, die first, resulting in demyelination. Indeed, in preclinical models, demyelination is prevented if adequate oxygenation is maintained by raising inspired oxygen concentrations. In agreement with this interpretation, there is a predilection of lesions for the anterior and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, namely regions located at arterial watersheds, or border zones, known to be especially susceptible to hypoperfusion and hypoxia. Finally, mitochondrial dysfunction due to genetic causes, as occurs in leucodystrophies or due to free radical damage, as occurs in MS, will compound any energy insufficiency resulting from hypoxia. Viewing lesion formation from the standpoint of tissue oxygenation not only reveals that lesion distribution is partly predictable, but may also inform new therapeutic strategies.
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79
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Fingolimod induces neuronal-specific gene expression with potential neuroprotective outcomes in maturing neuronal progenitor cells exposed to HIV. J Neurovirol 2017; 23:808-824. [PMID: 28913617 PMCID: PMC5725524 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720), a structural analogue of sphingosine, targets sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling and is currently an immunomodulatory therapy for multiple sclerosis. Fingolimod accesses the central nervous system (CNS) where its active metabolite, fingolimod phosphate (FTY720-P), has pleotropic neuroprotective effects in an inflammatory microenvironment. To investigate potential neuronal-specific mechanisms of fingolimod neuroprotection, we cultured the human neuronal progenitor cell line, hNP1, in differentiation medium supplemented with HIV- or Mock-infected supernatants, with or without FTY720-P. Gene expression was investigated using microarray and functional genomics. FTY720-P treatment increased differentially expressed (DE) neuronal genes by 33% in HIV-exposed and 40% in Mock-exposed cultures. FTY720-P treatment broadened the functional profile of DE genes in HIV-exposed versus Mock-exposed neurons, including not only immune responses but also transcriptional regulation and cell differentiation, among others. FTY720-P treatment downregulated the gene for follistatin, the antagonist of activin signaling, in all culture conditions. FTY720-P treatment differentially affected both glycolysis-related and immune response genes in Mock- or HIV-exposed cultures, significantly upregulating 11 glycolysis-related genes in HIV-exposed neurons. FTY720-P treatment also differentially upregulated genes related to innate immune responses and antigen presentation in Mock-exposed and more so in HIV-exposed neurons. However, in HIV-exposed neurons, FTY720-P depressed the magnitude of differential expression in almost half the genes, suggesting an anti-inflammatory potential. Moreover, in HIV-exposed neurons, FTY720-P reduced expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, resulting in reduced expression of the APP protein. This study provides new evidence that fingolimod alters neuronal gene expression in inflammatory, viral-infected microenvironments, with the potential for neuroprotective effects.
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80
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Gothié JD, Sébillot A, Luongo C, Legendre M, Nguyen Van C, Le Blay K, Perret-Jeanneret M, Remaud S, Demeneix BA. Adult neural stem cell fate is determined by thyroid hormone activation of mitochondrial metabolism. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1551-1561. [PMID: 29107300 PMCID: PMC5681236 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In the adult brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) produce both neuronal and glial cells. Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate adult NSC differentiation towards a neuronal phenotype, but also have major roles in mitochondrial metabolism. As NSC metabolism relies mainly on glycolysis, whereas mature cells preferentially use oxidative phosphorylation, we studied how THs and mitochondrial metabolism interact on NSC fate determination. Methods We used a mitochondrial membrane potential marker in vivo to analyze mitochondrial activity in the different cell types in the SVZ of euthyroid and hypothyroid mice. Using primary adult NSC cultures, we analyzed ROS production, SIRT1 expression, and phosphorylation of DRP1 (a mitochondrial fission mediator) as a function of TH availability. Results We observed significantly higher mitochondrial activity in cells adopting a neuronal phenotype in vivo in euthyroid mice. However, prolonged hypothyroidism reduced not only neuroblast numbers but also their mitochondrial activity. In vitro studies showed that TH availability favored a neuronal phenotype and that blocking mitochondrial respiration abrogated TH-induced neuronal fate determination. DRP1 phosphorylation was preferentially activated in cells within the neuronal lineage and was stimulated by TH availability. Conclusions These results indicate that THs favor NSC fate choice towards a neuronal phenotype in the adult mouse SVZ through effects on mitochondrial metabolism. Thyroid hormones (TH) favor neuronal fate decision in the adult sub-ventricular zone (SVZ). Mitochondrial activity and ROS production are higher in cells differentiating to neuronal fate. TH activate the fission-inducing factor DRP1 in cells acquiring a neuronal fate. TH favor a neuronal fate in the adult SVZ through induction of mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Gothié
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - A Sébillot
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - C Luongo
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - M Legendre
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - C Nguyen Van
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - K Le Blay
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - M Perret-Jeanneret
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - S Remaud
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
| | - B A Demeneix
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
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81
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Rao VTS, Khan D, Cui QL, Fuh SC, Hossain S, Almazan G, Multhaup G, Healy LM, Kennedy TE, Antel JP. Distinct age and differentiation-state dependent metabolic profiles of oligodendrocytes under optimal and stress conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182372. [PMID: 28792512 PMCID: PMC5549710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the microenvironment of multiple sclerosis lesions, oligodendrocytes are subject to metabolic stress reflecting effects of focal ischemia and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that under optimal conditions in vitro, the respiratory activity of human adult brain-derived oligodendrocytes is lower and more predominantly glycolytic compared to oligodendrocytes differentiated in vitro from post natal rat brain oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In response to sub-lethal metabolic stress, adult human oligodendrocytes reduce overall energy production rate impacting the capacity to maintain myelination. Here, we directly compare the metabolic profiles of oligodendrocytes derived from adult rat brain with oligodendrocytes newly differentiated in vitro from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells obtained from the post natal rat brain, under both optimal culture and metabolic stress (low/no glucose) conditions. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates were measured using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Our findings indicate that under optimal conditions, adult rat oligodendrocytes preferentially use glycolysis whereas newly differentiated post natal rat oligodendrocytes, and the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from which they are derived, mainly utilize oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. Metabolic stress increases the rate of ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation and significantly reduces glycolysis in adult oligodendrocytes. The rate of ATP production was relatively unchanged in newly differentiated post natal oligodendrocytes under these stress conditions, while it was significantly reduced in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Our study indicates that both age and maturation influence the metabolic profile under optimal and stressed conditions, emphasizing the need to consider these variables for in vitro studies that aim to model adult human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaraghava T. S. Rao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shih-Chieh Fuh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shireen Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillermina Almazan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke M. Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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82
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Chen Z, Liu M, Li L, Chen L. Involvement of the Warburg effect in non-tumor diseases processes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2839-2849. [PMID: 28488732 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Warburg effect, as an energy shift from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, is extensively found in various cancers. Interestingly, increasing researchers show that Warburg effect plays a crucial role in non-tumor diseases. For instance, inhibition of Warburg effect can alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling in the process of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Interference of Warburg effect improves mitochondrial function and cardiac function in the process of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Additionally, the Warburg effect induces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and contributes to atherosclerosis. Warburg effect may also involve in axonal damage and neuronal death, which are related with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, Warburg effect significantly promotes cell proliferation and cyst expansion in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Besides, Warburg effect relieves amyloid β-mediated cell death in Alzheimer's disease. And Warburg effect also improves the mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Finally, we also introduce some glycolytic agonists. This review focuses on the newest researches about the role of Warburg effect in non-tumor diseases, including PH, tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), failing heart, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's diseases, multiple sclerosis, and PKD. Obviously, Warburg effect may be a potential therapeutic target for those non-tumor diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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83
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Cui QL, Khan D, Rone M, T.S. Rao V, Johnson RM, Lin YH, Bilodeau PA, Hall JA, Rodriguez M, Kennedy TE, Ludwin SK, Antel JP. Sublethal oligodendrocyte injury: A reversible condition in multiple sclerosis? Ann Neurol 2017; 81:811-824. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Malena Rone
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Vijayaraghava T.S. Rao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Philippe-Antoine Bilodeau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jeffery A. Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Samuel K. Ludwin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Queens University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
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84
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Chevalier AC, Rosenberger TA. Increasing acetyl-CoA metabolism attenuates injury and alters spinal cord lipid content in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 2017; 141:721-737. [PMID: 28369944 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetate supplementation increases brain acetyl-CoA metabolism, alters histone and non-histone protein acetylation, increases brain energy reserves, and is anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective in rat models of neuroinflammation and neuroborreliosis. To determine the impact acetate supplementation has on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, we quantified the effect treatment had on injury progression, spinal cord lipid content, phospholipase levels, and myelin structure in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced by inoculating mice with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide fragment (MOG35-55 ), and acetate supplementation was maintained with 4 g/kg glyceryl triacetate by a daily oral gavage. Acetate supplementation prevented the onset of clinical signs in mice subject to EAE compared to control-treated mice. Furthermore, acetate supplementation prevented the loss of spinal cord ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipid and phosphatidylserine in mice subjected to EAE compared to EAE animals treated with water. Treatment increased saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid levels in phosphatidylserine compared to controls suggesting that acetate was utilized to increase spinal cord fatty acid content. Also, acetate supplementation prevented the loss of spinal cord cholesterol in EAE animals but did not change cholesteryl esters. Treatment significantly increased GD3 and GD1a ganglioside levels in EAE mice when compared to EAE mice treated with water. Treatment returned levels of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ) levels back to baseline and based on FluoroMyelin™ histochemistry maintained myelin structural characteristics. Overall, these data suggest that acetate supplementation may modulate lipid metabolism in mice subjected to EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber C Chevalier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Thad A Rosenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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85
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Inman DM, Harun-Or-Rashid M. Metabolic Vulnerability in the Neurodegenerative Disease Glaucoma. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:146. [PMID: 28424571 PMCID: PMC5371671 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons can be several orders of magnitude longer than neural somas, presenting logistical difficulties in cargo trafficking and structural maintenance. Keeping the axon compartment well supplied with energy also presents a considerable challenge; even seemingly subtle modifications of metabolism can result in functional deficits and degeneration. Axons require a great deal of energy, up to 70% of all energy used by a neuron, just to maintain the resting membrane potential. Axonal energy, in the form of ATP, is generated primarily through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. In addition, glial cells contribute metabolic intermediates to axons at moments of high activity or according to need. Recent evidence suggests energy disruption is an early contributor to pathology in a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by axonopathy. However, the degree to which the energy disruption is intrinsic to the axon vs. associated glia is not clear. This paper will review the role of energy availability and utilization in axon degeneration in glaucoma, a chronic axonopathy of the retinal projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstown, OH, USA
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86
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Ten VS. Mitochondrial dysfunction in alveolar and white matter developmental failure in premature infants. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:286-292. [PMID: 27901512 PMCID: PMC5671686 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
At birth, some organs in premature infants are not developed enough to meet challenges of the extra-uterine life. Although growth and maturation continues after premature birth, postnatal organ development may become sluggish or even arrested, leading to organ dysfunction. There is no clear mechanistic concept of this postnatal organ developmental failure in premature neonates. This review introduces a concept-forming hypothesis: Mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction is a fundamental mechanism of organs maturation failure in premature infants. Data collected in support of this hypothesis are relevant to two major diseases of prematurity: white matter injury and broncho-pulmonary dysplasia. In these diseases, totally different clinical manifestations are defined by the same biological process, developmental failure of the main functional units-alveoli in the lungs and axonal myelination in the brain. Although molecular pathways regulating alveolar and white matter maturation differ, proper bioenergetic support of growth and maturation remains critical biological requirement for any actively developing organ. Literature analysis suggests that successful postnatal pulmonary and white matter development highly depends on mitochondrial function which can be inhibited by sublethal postnatal stress. In premature infants, sublethal stress results mostly in organ maturation failure without excessive cellular demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S. Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Patergnani S, Fossati V, Bonora M, Giorgi C, Marchi S, Missiroli S, Rusielewicz T, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Mitochondria in Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 328:49-103. [PMID: 28069137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the organelles that function as the powerhouse of the cell, have been increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults in the western world. Its etiology remains unknown, and while the inflammatory component of MS has been heavily investigated and targeted for therapeutic intervention, the failure of remyelination and the process of axonal degeneration are still poorly understood. Recent studies suggest a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the neurodegenerative aspects of MS. This review is focused on mitochondrial functions under physiological conditions and the consequences of mitochondrial alterations in various CNS disorders. Moreover, we summarize recent findings linking mitochondrial dysfunction to MS and discuss novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria-related pathways as well as emerging experimental approaches for modeling mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patergnani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Fossati
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Missiroli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - T Rusielewicz
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - M R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Potential Benefit of the Charge-Stabilized Nanostructure Saline RNS60 for Myelin Maintenance and Repair. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30020. [PMID: 27451946 PMCID: PMC4958964 DOI: 10.1038/srep30020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been attributed both to “outside-in” primary immune mediated and “inside-out” metabolic stress of oligodendrocyte (OL) related mechanisms. Subsequent remyelination is dependent on recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). RNS60 is a physically-modified saline containing charge-stabilized nanobubbles generated by subjecting normal saline to Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille (TCP) flow under elevated oxygen pressure. Administration of RNS60 has been shown to reduce the severity of EAE by dampening the immune response and myelin loss. Additionally, RNS60 has been demonstrated to enhance mitochondrial ATP synthesis in neurons. Here, we used post-natal rat derived OLs and OPCs to assess the impact of RNS60 on the response of OLs to metabolic stress in vitro (glucose-nutrient deprivation, referred to as ‘NG’) and on OPC differentiation capacity. Under the NG condition, our findings indicate that RNS60 decreases caspases 3/7 activation. Respirometric analyses revealed that RNS60 increased spare glycolytic capacity (SGC) under normal culture conditions. However, RNS60 enhanced OL spare respiratory capacity (SRC) when a metabolic stress was present. Furthermore, we show that RNS60 promotes OPC differentiation under physiological conditions. Our findings provide evidence for the potential therapeutic efficacy of RNS60 through the promotion of OL survival and OPC differentiation.
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