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Kumar S, Koenig J, Schneider A, Wermeling F, Boddul S, Theobald SJ, Vollmer M, Kloos D, Lachmann N, Klawonn F, Lienenklaus S, Talbot SR, Bleich A, Wenzel N, von Kaisenberg C, Keck J, Stripecke R. In Vivo Lentiviral Gene Delivery of HLA-DR and Vaccination of Humanized Mice for Improving the Human T and B Cell Immune Reconstitution. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080961. [PMID: 34440166 PMCID: PMC8393476 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mouse models generated with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and reconstituting the human immune system (HIS-mice) are invigorating preclinical testing of vaccines and immunotherapies. We have recently shown that human engineered dendritic cells boosted bonafide human T and B cell maturation and antigen-specific responses in HIS-mice. Here, we evaluated a cell-free system based on in vivo co-delivery of lentiviral vectors (LVs) for expression of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DRA*01/ HLA-DRB1*0401 functional complex, “DR4”), and a LV vaccine expressing human cytokines (GM-CSF and IFN-α) and a human cytomegalovirus gB antigen (HCMV-gB). Humanized NOD/Rag1null/IL2Rγnull (NRG) mice injected by i.v. with LV-DR4/fLuc showed long-lasting (up to 20 weeks) vector distribution and expression in the spleen and liver. In vivo administration of the LV vaccine after LV-DR4/fLuc delivery boosted the cellularity of lymph nodes, promoted maturation of terminal effector CD4+ T cells, and promoted significantly higher development of IgG+ and IgA+ B cells. This modular lentigenic system opens several perspectives for basic human immunology research and preclinical utilization of LVs to deliver HLAs into HIS-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Koenig
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), DZIF Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, 17177 Solna, Sweden; (F.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Sanjaykumar Boddul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, 17177 Solna, Sweden; (F.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastian J. Theobald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Vollmer
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Doreen Kloos
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Biostatistics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University, D-38302 Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.L.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Steven R. Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.L.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.L.); (S.R.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Nadine Wenzel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Constantin von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - James Keck
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA 95838, USA;
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.K.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), DZIF Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-6999
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52
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Petrus-Reurer S, Romano M, Howlett S, Jones JL, Lombardi G, Saeb-Parsy K. Immunological considerations and challenges for regenerative cellular therapies. Commun Biol 2021; 4:798. [PMID: 34172826 PMCID: PMC8233383 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The central goal of regenerative medicine is to replace damaged or diseased tissue with cells that integrate and function optimally. The capacity of pluripotent stem cells to produce unlimited numbers of differentiated cells is of considerable therapeutic interest, with several clinical trials underway. However, the host immune response represents an important barrier to clinical translation. Here we describe the role of the host innate and adaptive immune responses as triggers of allogeneic graft rejection. We discuss how the immune response is determined by the cellular therapy. Additionally, we describe the range of available in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches to examine the immunogenicity of cellular therapies, and finally we review potential strategies to ameliorate immune rejection. In conclusion, we advocate establishment of platforms that bring together the multidisciplinary expertise and infrastructure necessary to comprehensively investigate the immunogenicity of cellular therapies to ensure their clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Romano
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Howlett
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Louise Jones
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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53
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Moccia C, Haase K. Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip-Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:694218. [PMID: 34249889 PMCID: PMC8261144 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.694218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide, and while hormone receptor positive subtypes have a clear and effective treatment strategy, other subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancers, do not. Development of new drugs, antibodies, or immune targets requires significant re-consideration of current preclinical models, which frequently fail to mimic the nuances of patient-specific breast cancer subtypes. Each subtype, together with the expression of different markers, genetic and epigenetic profiles, presents a unique tumor microenvironment, which promotes tumor development and progression. For this reason, personalized treatments targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been proposed to mitigate breast cancer progression, particularly for aggressive triple negative subtypes. To-date, animal models remain the gold standard for examining new therapeutic targets; however, there is room for in vitro tools to bridge the biological gap with humans. Tumor-on-chip technologies allow for precise control and examination of the tumor microenvironment and may add to the toolbox of current preclinical models. These new models include key aspects of the tumor microenvironment (stroma, vasculature and immune cells) which have been employed to understand metastases, multi-organ interactions, and, importantly, to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in humanized physiologic systems. This review provides insight into advanced in vitro tumor models specific to breast cancer, and discusses their potential and limitations for use as future preclinical patient-specific tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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54
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Cacciapuoti MT, Cappelli LV, Fiore D, Toruno P, Kayembe C, Tam W, Inghirami G. In Vivo and Ex Vivo Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft Models of Lymphoma for Drug Discovery. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e96. [PMID: 33861502 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the hemato-oncology field, remarkable scientific progress has been achieved, primarily propelled by the discovery of new technologies, improvement in genomics, and novel in vitro and in vivo models. The establishment of multiple cell line collections and the development of instrumental mouse models enhanced our ability to discover effective therapeutics. However, cancer models that faithfully mimic individual cancers are still imperfect. Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs) have emerged as a powerful tool for identifying the mechanisms which drive tumorigenesis and for testing potential therapeutic interventions. The recognition that PDTXs can maintain many of the donor samples' properties enabled the development of new strategies for discovering and implementing therapies. Described in this article are protocols for the generation and characterization of lymphoma PDTXs that may be used as the basis of shared procedures. Universal protocols will foster the model utilization, enable the integration of public and private repositories, and aid in the development of shared platforms. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Tissue handling and cryopreservation of primary and PDTX samples Basic Protocol 2: Performing tumor implant in immunocompromised mice PDTX models Alternate Protocol 1: Intra-medullary femoral injection Alternate Protocol 2: Intravenous injection Alternate Protocol 3: Intraperitoneal injection Support Protocol 1: Phenotypical characterization of PDTXs by flow cytometry Support Protocol 2: Biological and molecular characterization of PDTX tumors by PCR detection of IGK, IGH, and TCR rearrangements Basic Protocol 3: Harvesting PDTX-derived tumor cells for ex vivo experiments Basic Protocol 4: In vivo testing of multiple compounds in a PDTX mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Vincenzo Cappelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Fiore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pedro Toruno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Clarisse Kayembe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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55
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Xu S, Yan X, Dai G, Luo C. A Novel Mice Model for Studying the Efficacy and IRAEs of Anti-CTLA4 Targeted Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692403. [PMID: 34178691 PMCID: PMC8222697 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) is a popular animal model for translational cancer research. Immunotherapy is a promising therapy against glioblastoma (GBM). However, the PDOX model is limited to evaluating immune-related events. Our study aims to establish GBM humanized PDOX (HPDOX) mice models to study the mechanism of anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy and immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). Methods HPDOX models were established by culturing GBM tissues and intracranially implanting them in NSG mice. Meanwhile, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from peripheral blood and of GBM patients and administrated in corresponding mice. The population of CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T (Treg) cells was estimated in the peripheral blood or tumor. Results T cells derived from GBM patients were detected in HPDOX mice models. The application of anti-CTLA4 antibodies (ipilimumab and tremelimumab) significantly inhibited the growth of GBM xenografts in mice. Moreover, residual patient T cells were detected in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood of HPDOX mice and were significantly elevated by ipilimumab and tremelimumab. Additionally, Treg cells were decreased in mice with IRAEs. Lastly, the proportion of CD4+/CD8+ T cells dramatically increased after the administration of ipilimumab. And the degree of IRAEs may be related to CD56+ expression in HPDOX. Conclusions Our study established HPDOX mice models for investigating the mechanism and IRAEs of immunotherapies in GBM, which would offer a promising platform for evaluating the efficacy and IRAEs of novel therapies and exploring personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Yan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengke Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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56
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Moita D, Nunes-Cabaço H, Mendes AM, Prudêncio M. A guide to investigating immune responses elicited by whole-sporozoite pre-erythrocytic vaccines against malaria. FEBS J 2021; 289:3335-3359. [PMID: 33993649 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, considerable efforts have been made toward the development of efficient vaccines against malaria. Whole-sporozoite (Wsp) vaccines, which induce efficient immune responses against the pre-erythrocytic (PE) stages (sporozoites and liver forms) of Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria, are among the most promising immunization strategies tested until present. Several Wsp PE vaccination approaches are currently under evaluation in the clinic, including radiation- or genetically-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites, live parasites combined with chemoprophylaxis, or genetically modified rodent Plasmodium parasites. In addition to the assessment of their protective efficacy, clinical trials of Wsp PE vaccine candidates inevitably involve the thorough investigation of the immune responses elicited by vaccination, as well as the identification of correlates of protection. Here, we review the main methodologies employed to dissect the humoral and cellular immune responses observed in the context of Wsp PE vaccine clinical trials and discuss future strategies to further deepen the knowledge generated by these studies, providing a toolbox for the in-depth analysis of vaccine-induced immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Nunes-Cabaço
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António M Mendes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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57
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Recent Advances in Implantation-Based Genetic Modeling of Biliary Carcinogenesis in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102292. [PMID: 34064809 PMCID: PMC8151177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is often refractory to conventional therapeutics and is difficult to diagnose in the early stages. In addition, the pathogenesis of BTC is not fully understood, despite recent advances in cancer genome analysis. To address these issues, the development of fine disease models is critical for BTC. Although still limited in number, there are various platforms for genetic models of BTC owing to newly emerging technology. Among these, implantation-based models have recently drawn attention for their convenience, flexibility, and scalability. To highlight the relevance of this approach, we comprehensively summarize the advantages and disadvantages of BTC models developed using diverse approaches. Currently available research data on intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma are presented in this review. This information will likely help in selecting the optimal models for various applications and develop novel innovative models based on these technologies. Abstract Epithelial cells in the biliary system can develop refractory types of cancers, which are often associated with inflammation caused by viruses, parasites, stones, and chemicals. Genomic studies have revealed recurrent genetic changes and deregulated signaling pathways in biliary tract cancer (BTC). The causal roles have been at least partly clarified using various genetically engineered mice. Technical advances in Cre-LoxP technology, together with hydrodynamic tail injection, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, in vivo electroporation, and organoid culture have enabled more precise modeling of BTC. Organoid-based genetic modeling, combined with implantation in mice, has recently drawn attention as a means to accelerate the development of BTC models. Although each model may not perfectly mimic the disease, they can complement one another, or two different approaches can be integrated to establish a novel model. In addition, a comparison of the outcomes among these models with the same genotype provides mechanistic insights into the interplay between genetic alterations and the microenvironment in the pathogenesis of BTCs. Here, we review the current status of genetic models of BTCs in mice to provide information that facilitates the wise selection of models and to inform the future development of ideal disease models.
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58
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Sari G, van Oord GW, van de Garde MDB, Voermans JJC, Boonstra A, Vanwolleghem T. Sexual Dimorphism in Hepatocyte Xenograft Models. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211006132. [PMID: 33938243 PMCID: PMC8114754 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211006132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized liver mouse models are crucial tools in liver research, specifically in the fields of liver cell biology, viral hepatitis and drug metabolism. The livers of these humanized mouse models are repopulated by 3-dimensional islands of fully functional primary human hepatocytes (PHH), which are notoriously difficult to maintain in vitro. As low efficiency and high cost hamper widespread use, optimization is of great importance. In the present study, we analyzed experimental factors associated with Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and PHH engraftment in 2 xenograft systems on a Nod-SCID-IL2Ry-/- background: the alb-urokinase plasminogen activator mouse model (uPA-NOG, n=399); and the alb-HSV thymidine kinase model (TK-NOG, n = 198). In a first analysis, HEV fecal shedding in liver humanized uPA-NOG and TK-NOG mice with comparable human albumin levels was found to be similar irrespective of the mouse genetic background. In a second analysis, sex, mouse age at transplantation and hepatocyte donor were the most determinant factors for xenograft success in both models. The sexual imbalance for xenograft success was related to higher baseline ALT levels and lower thresholds for ganciclovir induced liver morbidity and mortality in males. These data call for sexual standardization of human hepatocyte xenograft models, but also provide a platform for further studies on mechanisms behind sexual dimorphism in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Sari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertine W van Oord
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn D B van de Garde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda J C Voermans
- Department of Viroscience, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vanwolleghem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium, Netherlands
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59
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Bialek-Waldmann JK, Domning S, Esser R, Glienke W, Mertens M, Aleksandrova K, Arseniev L, Kumar S, Schneider A, Koenig J, Theobald SJ, Tsay HC, Cornelius ADA, Bonifacius A, Eiz-Vesper B, Figueiredo C, Schaudien D, Talbot SR, Bleich A, Spineli LM, von Kaisenberg C, Clark C, Blasczyk R, Heuser M, Ganser A, Köhl U, Farzaneh F, Stripecke R. Induced dendritic cells co-expressing GM-CSF/IFN-α/tWT1 priming T and B cells and automated manufacturing to boost GvL. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:621-641. [PMID: 34095345 PMCID: PMC8142053 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with minimal residual disease and receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) have poor survival. Adoptive administration of dendritic cells (DCs) presenting the Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) leukemia-associated antigen can potentially stimulate de novo T and B cell development to harness the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect after HCT. We established a simple and fast genetic modification of monocytes for simultaneous lentiviral expression of a truncated WT1 antigen (tWT1), granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon (IFN)-α, promoting their self-differentiation into potent “induced DCs” (iDCtWT1). A tricistronic integrase-defective lentiviral vector produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP)-like conditions was validated. Transduction of CD14+ monocytes isolated from peripheral blood, cord blood, and leukapheresis material effectively induced their self-differentiation. CD34+ cell-transplanted Nod.Rag.Gamma (NRG)- and Nod.Scid.Gamma (NSG) mice expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A∗0201 (NSG-A2)-immunodeficient mice were immunized with autologous iDCtWT1. Both humanized mouse models showed improved development and maturation of human T and B cells in the absence of adverse effects. Toward clinical use, manufacturing of iDCtWT1 was up scaled and streamlined using the automated CliniMACS Prodigy system. Proof-of-concept clinical-scale runs were feasible, and the 38-h process enabled standardized production and high recovery of a cryopreserved cell product with the expected identity characteristics. These results advocate for clinical trials testing iDCtWT1 to boost GvL and eradicate leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Bialek-Waldmann
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Domning
- Molecular Medicine Group, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Esser
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Glienke
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mira Mertens
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Lubomir Arseniev
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Koenig
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Theobald
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hsin-Chieh Tsay
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Angela D A Cornelius
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnes Bonifacius
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanca Figueiredo
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Loukia M Spineli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Constantin von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Caren Clark
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI and University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Molecular Medicine Group, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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60
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Modeling human tumor-immune environments in vivo for the preclinical assessment of immunotherapies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2737-2750. [PMID: 33830275 PMCID: PMC8423639 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant contributions of immunocompetent mouse models to the development and assessment of cancer immunotherapies, they inadequately represent the genetic and biological complexity of corresponding human cancers. Immunocompromised mice reconstituted with a human immune system (HIS) and engrafted with patient-derived tumor xenografts are a promising novel preclinical model for the study of human tumor-immune interactions. Whilst overcoming limitations of immunocompetent models, HIS-tumor models often rely on reconstitution with allogeneic immune cells, making it difficult to distinguish between anti-tumor and alloantigen responses. Models that comprise of autologous human tumor and human immune cells provide a platform that is more representative of the patient immune-tumor interaction. However, limited access to autologous tissues, short experimental windows, and poor retention of tumor microenvironment and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte components are major challenges affecting the establishment and application of autologous models. This review outlines existing preclinical murine models for the study of immuno-oncology, and highlights innovations that can be applied to improve the feasibility and efficacy of autologous models.
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61
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Marín-Jiménez JA, Capasso A, Lewis MS, Bagby SM, Hartman SJ, Shulman J, Navarro NM, Yu H, Rivard CJ, Wang X, Barkow JC, Geng D, Kar A, Yingst A, Tufa DM, Dolan JT, Blatchford PJ, Freed BM, Torres RM, Davila E, Slansky JE, Pelanda R, Eckhardt SG, Messersmith WA, Diamond JR, Lieu CH, Verneris MR, Wang JH, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Pitts TM, Lang J. Testing Cancer Immunotherapy in a Human Immune System Mouse Model: Correlating Treatment Responses to Human Chimerism, Therapeutic Variables and Immune Cell Phenotypes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607282. [PMID: 33854497 PMCID: PMC8040953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. Although the success of immunotherapy is remarkable, it is still limited to a subset of patients. More than 1500 clinical trials are currently ongoing with a goal of improving the efficacy of immunotherapy through co-administration of other agents. Preclinical, small-animal models are strongly desired to increase the pace of scientific discovery, while reducing the cost of combination drug testing in humans. Human immune system (HIS) mice are highly immune-deficient mouse recipients rtpeconstituted with human hematopoietic stem cells. These HIS-mice are capable of growing human tumor cell lines and patient-derived tumor xenografts. This model allows rapid testing of multiple, immune-related therapeutics for tumors originating from unique clinical samples. Using a cord blood-derived HIS-BALB/c-Rag2nullIl2rγnullSIRPαNOD (BRGS) mouse model, we summarize our experiments testing immune checkpoint blockade combinations in these mice bearing a variety of human tumors, including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, lung, adrenocortical, melanoma and hematological malignancies. We present in-depth characterization of the kinetics and subsets of the HIS in lymph and non-lymph organs and relate these to protocol development and immune-related treatment responses. Furthermore, we compare the phenotype of the HIS in lymph tissues and tumors. We show that the immunotype and amount of tumor infiltrating leukocytes are widely-variable and that this phenotype is tumor-dependent in the HIS-BRGS model. We further present flow cytometric analyses of immune cell subsets, activation state, cytokine production and inhibitory receptor expression in peripheral lymph organs and tumors. We show that responding tumors bear human infiltrating T cells with a more inflammatory signature compared to non-responding tumors, similar to reports of "responding" patients in human immunotherapy clinical trials. Collectively these data support the use of HIS mice as a preclinical model to test combination immunotherapies for human cancers, if careful attention is taken to both protocol details and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Marín-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-L’Hospitalet), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Matthew S. Lewis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stacey M. Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sarah J. Hartman
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeremy Shulman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Natalie M. Navarro
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hui Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Chris J. Rivard
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jessica C. Barkow
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Degui Geng
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Adwitiya Kar
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ashley Yingst
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dejene M. Tufa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - James T. Dolan
- Rocky Vista College of Osteopathic Medicine – OMS3, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Patrick J. Blatchford
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian M. Freed
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Raul M. Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Eduardo Davila
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jill E. Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - S. Gail Eckhardt
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Wells A. Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Diamond
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher H. Lieu
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael R. Verneris
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jing H. Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Todd M. Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julie Lang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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62
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Schuhmachers P, Münz C. Modification of EBV Associated Lymphomagenesis and Its Immune Control by Co-Infections and Genetics in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640918. [PMID: 33833760 PMCID: PMC8021763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most successful pathogens in humans with more than 95% of the human adult population persistently infected. EBV infects only humans and threatens these with its potent growth transforming ability that readily allows for immortalization of human B cells in culture. Accordingly, it is also found in around 1-2% of human tumors, primarily lymphomas and epithelial cell carcinomas. Fortunately, however, our immune system has learned to control this most transforming human tumor virus in most EBV carriers, and it requires modification of EBV associated lymphomagenesis and its immune control by either co-infections, such as malaria, Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or genetic predispositions for EBV positive tumors to emerge. Some of these can be modelled in humanized mice that, therefore, provide a valuable platform to test curative immunotherapies and prophylactic vaccines against these EBV associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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63
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Kreutzer FP, Meinecke A, Schmidt K, Fiedler J, Thum T. Alternative strategies in cardiac preclinical research and new clinical trial formats. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:746-762. [PMID: 33693475 PMCID: PMC7989574 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and safe drug development process is crucial for the establishment of new drugs on the market aiming to increase quality of life and life-span of our patients. Despite technological advances in the past decade, successful launches of drug candidates per year remain low. We here give an overview about some of these advances and suggest improvements for implementation to boost preclinical and clinical drug development with a focus on the cardiovascular field. We highlight advantages and disadvantages of animal experimentation and thoroughly review alternatives in the field of three-dimensional cell culture as well as preclinical use of spheroids and organoids. Microfluidic devices and their potential as organ-on-a-chip systems, as well as the use of living animal and human cardiac tissues are additionally introduced. In the second part, we examine recent gold standard randomized clinical trials and present possible modifications to increase lead candidate throughput: adaptive designs, master protocols, and drug repurposing. In silico and N-of-1 trials have the potential to redefine clinical drug candidate evaluation. Finally, we briefly discuss clinical trial designs during pandemic times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Philipp Kreutzer
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Meinecke
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kevin Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
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64
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CD34T+ Humanized Mouse Model to Study Mucosal HIV-1 Transmission and Prevention. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030198. [PMID: 33673566 PMCID: PMC7997265 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice are critical for HIV-1 research, but humanized mice generated from cord blood are inefficient at mucosal HIV-1 transmission. Most mucosal HIV-1 transmission studies in mice require fetal tissue-engraftment, the use of which is highly restricted or prohibited. We present a fetal tissue-independent model called CD34T+ with enhanced human leukocyte levels in the blood and improved T cell homing to the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. CD34T+ mice are highly permissive to intra-rectal HIV-1 infection and also show normal env diversification in vivo despite high viral replication. Moreover, mucosal infection in CD34T+ mice can be prevented by infusion of broadly neutralizing antibodies. CD34T+ mice can be rapidly and easily generated using only cord blood cells and do not require any complicated surgical procedures for the humanization process. Therefore, CD34T+ mice provide a novel platform for mucosal HIV-1 transmission studies as well as rapid in vivo testing of novel prevention molecules against HIV-1.
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65
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Laudanski K. Humanized Mice as a Tool to Study Sepsis-More Than Meets the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2403. [PMID: 33673691 PMCID: PMC7957591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. Repetitive animal studies that have disappointed upon translation into clinical therapies have led to an increased appreciation of humanized mice as a remedy to the shortcomings of rodent-based models. However, their limitations have to be understood in depth. (2) Methods. This is a narrative, comprehensive review of humanized mice and sepsis literature to understand the model's benefits and shortcomings. (3) Results: Studies involving humanized models of sepsis include bacterial, viral, and protozoan etiology. Humanized mice provided several unique insights into the etiology and natural history of sepsis and are particularly useful in studying Ebola, and certain viral and protozoan infections. However, studies are relatively sparse and based on several different models of sepsis and humanized animals. (4) Conclusions. The utilization of humanized mice as a model for sepsis presents complex limitations that, once surpassed, hold some potential for the advancement of sepsis etiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Department of Neurology, Leonard Davis Institute of Healthcare Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19194, USA
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66
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Patient Derived Xenografts for Genome-Driven Therapy of Osteosarcoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020416. [PMID: 33671173 PMCID: PMC7922432 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant primary tumor of mesenchymal origin affecting bone. It is characterized by a complex genotype, mainly due to the high frequency of chromothripsis, which leads to multiple somatic copy number alterations and structural rearrangements. Any effort to design genome-driven therapies must therefore consider such high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, many laboratories and international networks are developing and sharing OS patient-derived xenografts (OS PDX) to broaden the availability of models that reproduce OS complex clinical heterogeneity. OS PDXs, and new cell lines derived from PDXs, faithfully preserve tumor heterogeneity, genetic, and epigenetic features and are thus valuable tools for predicting drug responses. Here, we review recent achievements concerning OS PDXs, summarizing the methods used to obtain ectopic and orthotopic xenografts and to fully characterize these models. The availability of OS PDXs across the many international PDX platforms and their possible use in PDX clinical trials are also described. We recommend the coupling of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data analysis with functional studies in OS PDXs, as well as the setup of OS PDX clinical trials and co-clinical trials, to enhance the predictive power of experimental evidence and to accelerate the clinical translation of effective genome-guided therapies for this aggressive disease.
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67
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Volk V, Theobald SJ, Danisch S, Khailaie S, Kalbarczyk M, Schneider A, Bialek-Waldmann J, Krönke N, Deng Y, Eiz-Vesper B, Dragon AC, von Kaisenberg C, Lienenklaus S, Bleich A, Keck J, Meyer-Hermann M, Klawonn F, Hammerschmidt W, Delecluse HJ, Münz C, Feuerhake F, Stripecke R. PD-1 Blockade Aggravates Epstein-Barr Virus + Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in Humanized Mice Resulting in Central Nervous System Involvement and CD4 + T Cell Dysregulations. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614876. [PMID: 33511078 PMCID: PMC7837057 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is one of the most common malignancies after solid organ or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Most PTLD cases are B cell neoplasias carrying Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A therapeutic approach is reduction of immunosuppression to allow T cells to develop and combat EBV. If this is not effective, approaches include immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 and adoptive T cells. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) to treat EBV+ PTLD was not established clinically due to the risks of organ rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Previously, blockade of the programmed death receptor (PD)-1 by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) during ex vivo infection of mononuclear cells with the EBV/M81+ strain showed lower xenografted lymphoma development in mice. Subsequently, fully humanized mice infected with the EBV/B95-8 strain and treated in vivo with a PD-1 blocking mAb showed aggravation of PTLD and lymphoma development. Here, we evaluated vis-a-vis in fully humanized mice after EBV/B95-8 or EBV/M81 infections the effects of a clinically used PD-1 blocker. Fifteen to 17 weeks after human CD34+ stem cell transplantation, Nod.Rag.Gamma mice were infected with two types of EBV laboratory strains expressing firefly luciferase. Dynamic optical imaging analyses showed systemic EBV infections and this triggered vigorous human CD8+ T cell expansion. Pembrolizumab administered from 2 to 5 weeks post-infections significantly aggravated EBV systemic spread and, for the M81 model, significantly increased the mortality of mice. ICI promoted Ki67+CD30+CD20+EBER+PD-L1+ PTLD with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, mirroring EBV+ CNS PTLD in humans. PD-1 blockade was associated with lower frequencies of circulating T cells in blood and with a profound collapse of CD4+ T cells in lymphatic tissues. Mice treated with pembrolizumab showed an escalation of exhausted T cells expressing TIM-3, and LAG-3 in tissues, higher levels of several human cytokines in plasma and high densities of FoxP3+ regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. We conclude that PD-1 blockade during acute EBV infections driving strong CD8+ T cell priming decompensates T cell development towards immunosuppression. Given the variety of preclinical models available, our models conferred a cautionary note indicating that PD-1 blockade aggravated the progression of EBV+ PTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Volk
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Theobald
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Danisch
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sahamoddin Khailaie
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maja Kalbarczyk
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Bialek-Waldmann
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Krönke
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yun Deng
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Christina Dragon
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Constantin von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Keck
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Biostatistics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University, Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henri-Jacques Delecluse
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Feuerhake
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Neuropathology, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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68
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Janke LJ, Imai DM, Tillman H, Doty R, Hoenerhoff MJ, Xu JJ, Freeman Z, Allen P, Fowlkes NW, Iacobucci I, Dickerson K, Mullighan CG, Vogel P, Rehg JE. Development of Mast Cell and Eosinophil Hyperplasia and HLH/MAS-Like Disease in NSG-SGM3 Mice Receiving Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells or Patient-Derived Leukemia Xenografts. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:181-204. [PMID: 33208054 PMCID: PMC8414369 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820970144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunocompromised mouse strains expressing human transgenes are being increasingly used in biomedical research. The genetic modifications in these mice cause various cellular responses, resulting in histologic features unique to each strain. The NSG-SGM3 mouse strain is similar to the commonly used NSG (NOD scid gamma) strain but expresses human transgenes encoding stem cell factor (also known as KIT ligand), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 3. This report describes 3 histopathologic features seen in these mice when they are unmanipulated or after transplantation with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), virally transduced hCD34+ HSCs, or a leukemia patient-derived xenograft. The first feature is mast cell hyperplasia: unmanipulated, naïve mice develop periductular pancreatic aggregates of murine mast cells, whereas mice given the aforementioned human cells develop a proliferative infiltrative interstitial pancreatic mast cell hyperplasia but with human mast cells. The second feature is the predisposition of NSG-SGM3 mice given these human cells to develop eosinophil hyperplasia. The third feature, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS)-like disease, is the most pronounced in both its clinical and histopathologic presentations. As part of this disease, a small number of mice also have histiocytic infiltration of the brain and spinal cord with subsequent neurologic or vestibular signs. The presence of any of these features can confound accurate histopathologic interpretation; therefore, it is important to recognize them as strain characteristics and to differentiate them from what may be experimentally induced in the model being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Denise M. Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mark J. Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiajie J. Xu
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zach Freeman
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Portia Allen
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalie Wall Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kirsten Dickerson
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerold E. Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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69
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Di Renzo MF, Corso S. Patient-Derived Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3779. [PMID: 33333972 PMCID: PMC7765364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, basic and preclinical cancer research has been based on the use of established, commercially available cell lines, originally derived from patients' samples but adapted to grow indefinitely in artificial culture conditions, and on xenograft models developed by injection of these cells in immunocompromised animals [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Flavia Di Renzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy
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70
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Alhaj Hussen K, Michonneau D, Biajoux V, Keita S, Dubouchet L, Nelson E, Setterblad N, Le Buanec H, Bouaziz JD, Guimiot F, Socié G, Canque B. CD4 +CD8 + T-Lymphocytes in Xenogeneic and Human Graft-versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579776. [PMID: 33329550 PMCID: PMC7732609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms driving acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) onset in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are still poorly understood. To provide a detailed characterization of tissue-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TL) and search for eventual site-specific specificities, we developed a xenogeneic model of aGVHD in immunodeficient mice. Phenotypic characterization of xenoreactive T lymphocytes (TL) in diseased mice disclosed a massive infiltration of GVHD target organs by an original CD4+CD8+ TL subset. Immunophenotypic and transcriptional profiling shows that CD4+CD8+ TL comprise a major PD1+CD62L−/+ transitional memory subset (>60%) characterized by low level expression of cytotoxicity-related transcripts. CD4+CD8+ TL produce high IL-10 and IL-13 levels, and low IL-2 and IFN-γ, suggestive of regulatory function. In vivo tracking of genetically labeled CD4+ or CD8+ TL subsequently found that CD4+CD8+ TL mainly originate from chronically activated cytotoxic TL (CTL). On the other hand, phenotypic profiling of CD3+ TL from blood, duodenum or rectal mucosa in a cohort of allo-HSCT patients failed to disclose abnormal expansion of CD4+CD8+ TL independent of aGVHD development. Collectively, our results show that acquisition of surface CD4 by xenoreactive CD8+ CTL is associated with functional diversion toward a regulatory phenotype, but rule out a central role of this subset in the pathogenesis of aGVHD in allo-HSCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutaiba Alhaj Hussen
- INSERM U976, Université de Paris, École Pratique des Hautes Études/PSL Research University, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Tenon, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Michonneau
- INSERM U976, Université de Paris; Service d'hématologie-greffe, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Biajoux
- INSERM U976, Université de Paris, École Pratique des Hautes Études/PSL Research University, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Seydou Keita
- INSERM U976, Université de Paris, École Pratique des Hautes Études/PSL Research University, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Dubouchet
- INSERM U976, Université de Paris; Service d'hématologie-greffe, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Nelson
- INSERM U976, Université de Paris, École Pratique des Hautes Études/PSL Research University, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Niclas Setterblad
- Plateforme d'Imagerie et de Tri Cellulaire, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Helene Le Buanec
- INSERM U976, Dermatology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean-David Bouaziz
- INSERM U976, Dermatology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Guimiot
- INSERM UMR 1141, Service de Biologie du Développement, Université de Paris, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Socié
- INSERM U976, Université de Paris; Service d'hématologie-greffe, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Canque
- INSERM U976, Université de Paris, École Pratique des Hautes Études/PSL Research University, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Paris, France
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71
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Adityan S, Tran M, Bhavsar C, Wu SY. Nano-therapeutics for modulating the tumour microenvironment: Design, development, and clinical translation. J Control Release 2020; 327:512-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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72
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Falduto GH, Pfeiffer A, Luker A, Metcalfe DD, Olivera A. Emerging mechanisms contributing to mast cell-mediated pathophysiology with therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107718. [PMID: 33130192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that play key roles in the initiation and perpetuation of allergic inflammation, usually through IgE-mediated mechanisms. Mast cells are, however, evolutionary ancient immune cells that can be traced back to urochordates and before the emergence of IgE antibodies, suggesting their involvement in antibody-independent biological functions, many of which are still being characterized. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the roles of mast cells in health and disease, partly through the study of emerging non-IgE receptors such as the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2, implicated in pseudo-allergic reactions as well as in innate defense and neuronal sensing; the mechano-sensing adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2, variants of which are associated with familial vibratory urticaria; and purinergic receptors, which orchestrate tissue damage responses similarly to the IL-33 receptor. Recent evidence also points toward novel mechanisms that contribute to mast cell-mediated pathophysiology. Thus, in addition to releasing preformed mediators contained in granules and synthesizing mediators de novo, mast cells also secrete extracellular vesicles, which convey biological functions. Understanding their release, composition and uptake within a variety of clinical conditions will contribute to the understanding of disease specific pathology and likely lead the way to novel therapeutic approaches. We also discuss recent advances in the development of therapies targeting mast cell activity, including the ligation of inhibitory ITIM-containing receptors, and other strategies that suppress mast cells or responses to mediators for the management of mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido H Falduto
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annika Pfeiffer
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Luker
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ana Olivera
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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73
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Sluyter R, Watson D. Use of Humanized Mouse Models to Investigate the Roles of Purinergic Signaling in Inflammation and Immunity. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:596357. [PMID: 33123018 PMCID: PMC7566314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.596357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Debbie Watson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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74
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Mrochen DM, Fernandes de Oliveira LM, Raafat D, Holtfreter S. Staphylococcus aureus Host Tropism and Its Implications for Murine Infection Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7061. [PMID: 32992784 PMCID: PMC7582387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathobiont of humans as well as a multitude of animal species. The high prevalence of multi-resistant and more virulent strains of S. aureus necessitates the development of new prevention and treatment strategies for S. aureus infection. Major advances towards understanding the pathogenesis of S. aureus diseases have been made using conventional mouse models, i.e., by infecting naïve laboratory mice with human-adapted S.aureus strains. However, the failure to transfer certain results obtained in these murine systems to humans highlights the limitations of such models. Indeed, numerous S. aureus vaccine candidates showed promising results in conventional mouse models but failed to offer protection in human clinical trials. These limitations arise not only from the widely discussed physiological differences between mice and humans, but also from the lack of attention that is paid to the specific interactions of S. aureus with its respective host. For instance, animal-derived S. aureus lineages show a high degree of host tropism and carry a repertoire of host-specific virulence and immune evasion factors. Mouse-adapted S.aureus strains, humanized mice, and microbiome-optimized mice are promising approaches to overcome these limitations and could improve transferability of animal experiments to human trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Mrochen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Liliane M. Fernandes de Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Dina Raafat
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
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75
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Zhuo J, Su R, Tan W, Lian Z, Lu D, Xu X. The ongoing trends of patient-derived xenograft models in oncology. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:559-563. [PMID: 32954687 PMCID: PMC7668494 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Renyi Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Li Shui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, P. R. China
| | - Winyen Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
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76
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Münz C. Probing Reconstituted Human Immune Systems in Mice With Oncogenic γ-Herpesvirus Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581419. [PMID: 33013936 PMCID: PMC7509489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with reconstituted human immune systems can mount cell-mediated immune responses against the human tumor viruses Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Primarily cytotoxic lymphocytes protect the vast majority of persistently infected carriers of these tumor viruses from the respective malignancies for life. Thus, EBV and KSHV infection can teach us how this potent immune control is induced, what phenotype and functions characterize the protective lymphocyte compartments and if similar immune responses could be induced by vaccination. This review will summarize similarities and differences between EBV and KSHV associated pathologies and their immune control in patients and mice with reconstituted human immune systems. Furthermore, it will high-light which aspects of the near perfect immune control can be modeled in the latter preclinical animal models and discuss their relevance for cancer immunology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland
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77
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Slabik C, Kalbarczyk M, Danisch S, Zeidler R, Klawonn F, Volk V, Krönke N, Feuerhake F, Ferreira de Figueiredo C, Blasczyk R, Olbrich H, Theobald SJ, Schneider A, Ganser A, von Kaisenberg C, Lienenklaus S, Bleich A, Hammerschmidt W, Stripecke R. CAR-T Cells Targeting Epstein-Barr Virus gp350 Validated in a Humanized Mouse Model of EBV Infection and Lymphoproliferative Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:504-524. [PMID: 32953984 PMCID: PMC7479496 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a latent and oncogenic human herpesvirus. Lytic viral protein expression plays an important role in EBV-associated malignancies. The EBV envelope glycoprotein 350 (gp350) is expressed abundantly during EBV lytic reactivation and sporadically on the surface of latently infected cells. Here we tested T cells expressing gp350-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) containing scFvs derived from two novel gp350-binding, highly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The scFvs were fused to CD28/CD3ζ signaling domains in a retroviral vector. The produced gp350CAR-T cells specifically recognized and killed gp350+ 293T cells in vitro. The best-performing 7A1-gp350CAR-T cells were cytotoxic against the EBV+ B95-8 cell line, showing selectivity against gp350+ cells. Fully humanized Nod.Rag.Gamma mice transplanted with cord blood CD34+ cells and infected with the EBV/M81/fLuc lytic strain were monitored dynamically for viral spread. Infected mice recapitulated EBV-induced lymphoproliferation, tumor development, and systemic inflammation. We tested adoptive transfer of autologous CD8+gp350CAR-T cells administered protectively or therapeutically. After gp350CAR-T cell therapy, 75% of mice controlled or reduced EBV spread and showed lower frequencies of EBER+ B cell malignant lymphoproliferation, lack of tumor development, and reduced inflammation. In summary, CD8+gp350CAR-T cells showed proof-of-concept preclinical efficacy against impending EBV+ lymphoproliferation and lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Slabik
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maja Kalbarczyk
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Danisch
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Biostatistics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University, 38302 Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Valery Volk
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Krönke
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Friedrich Feuerhake
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Neuropathology, University Clinic Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Olbrich
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Theobald
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Constantin von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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78
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Cytotoxicity in Epstein Barr virus specific immune control. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 46:1-8. [PMID: 32771660 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is the most common human tumor virus, persistently infecting more than 95% of the human adult population and readily transforming human B cell in culture. Fortunately, only a small minority of EBV carriers develops virus associated malignancies. The majority controls persistent EBV infection with cytotoxic lymphocytes, mainly NK, γδ and CD8+ T cells and the characteristics of the required immune responses get more and more defined by primary immunodeficiencies that affect molecules of these cytotoxic lymphocytes and their investigation in mice with reconstituted human immune system components (humanized mice) that are susceptible to EBV infection and associated lymphomagenesis. The gained information should be able to guide us to develop immunotherapies against EBV and tumors in general.
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79
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Stripecke R, Münz C, Schuringa JJ, Bissig K, Soper B, Meeham T, Yao L, Di Santo JP, Brehm M, Rodriguez E, Wege AK, Bonnet D, Guionaud S, Howard KE, Kitchen S, Klein F, Saeb‐Parsy K, Sam J, Sharma AD, Trumpp A, Trusolino L, Bult C, Shultz L. Innovations, challenges, and minimal information for standardization of humanized mice. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e8662. [PMID: 32578942 PMCID: PMC7338801 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice xenotransplanted with human cells and/or expressing human gene products (also known as "humanized mice") recapitulate the human evolutionary specialization and diversity of genotypic and phenotypic traits. These models can provide a relevant in vivo context for understanding of human-specific physiology and pathologies. Humanized mice have advanced toward mainstream preclinical models and are now at the forefront of biomedical research. Here, we considered innovations and challenges regarding the reconstitution of human immunity and human tissues, modeling of human infections and cancer, and the use of humanized mice for testing drugs or regenerative therapy products. As the number of publications exploring different facets of humanized mouse models has steadily increased in past years, it is becoming evident that standardized reporting is needed in the field. Therefore, an international community-driven resource called "Minimal Information for Standardization of Humanized Mice" (MISHUM) has been created for the purpose of enhancing rigor and reproducibility of studies in the field. Within MISHUM, we propose comprehensive guidelines for reporting critical information generated using humanized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stripecke
- Regenerative Immune Therapies AppliedHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Hannover RegionGermany
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral ImmunobiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of HematologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Brehm
- University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | | | - Anja Kathrin Wege
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsUniversity Cancer Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | | | | | | | - Scott Kitchen
- University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Regenerative Immune Therapies AppliedHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI‐STEM gGmbH)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino Medical SchoolTurinItaly
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO IRCCSCandioloItaly
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