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Machado TDO, Minuzzi-Souza TTC, Ferreira TDS, Freire LP, Timbó RV, Vital TE, Nitz N, Silva MN, Santos ADS, Sales NMC, Obara MT, Andrade AJD, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. The role of gallery forests in maintaining Phlebotominae populations: potential Leishmania spp. vectors in the Brazilian savanna. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:681-691. [PMID: 28953996 PMCID: PMC5607517 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on synanthropic phlebotomines and their natural infection by Leishmania is necessary for the identification of potential areas for leishmaniasis occurrence. OBJECTIVE To analyse the occurrence of Phlebotominae in gallery forests and household units (HUs) in the city of Palmas and to determine the rate of natural infection by trypanosomatids. METHODS Gallery forests and adjacent household areas were sampled on July (dry season) and November (rainy season) in 2014. The total sampling effort was 960 HP light traps and eight Shannon traps. Trypanosomatids were detected in Phlebotominae females through the amplification of the SSU rDNA region, and the positive samples were used in ITS1-PCR. Trypanosomatid species were identified using sequencing. FINDINGS A total of 1,527 sand flies representing 30 species were captured in which 949 (28 spp.) and 578 (22 spp.) were registered in July and November, respectively. In July, more specimens were captured in the gallery forests than in the HUs, and Nyssomyia whitmani was particularly frequent. In November, most of the specimens were found in the HUs, and again, Ny. whitmani was the predominant species. Lutzomyia longipalpis was commonly found in domestic areas, while Bichromomyia flaviscutellata was most frequent in gallery forests. Molecular analysis of 154 pools of females (752 specimens) identified Leishmania amazonensis, L. infantum, and Crithidia fasciculata in Ny. whitmani, as well as L. amazonensis in Lu. longipalpis, Trypanosoma sp. and L. amazonensis in Pintomyia christenseni, and L. amazonensis in both Psathyromyia hermanlenti and Evandromyia walkeri. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These results show the importance of gallery forests in maintaining Phlebotominae populations in the dry month, as well as their frequent occurrence in household units in the rainy month. This is the first study to identify Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Crithidia species in Phlebotominae collected in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tâmara Dias Oliveira Machado
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins, Coordenação de Ciências Matemáticas e Naturais, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - Thaís Tâmara Castro Minuzzi-Souza
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Tauana de Sousa Ferreira
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Luciana Pereira Freire
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Renata Velôzo Timbó
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Tamires Emanuele Vital
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Mariana Neiva Silva
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Alcinei de Souza Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins, Coordenação de Ciências Matemáticas e Naturais, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - Nathyla Morgana Cunha Sales
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins, Coordenação de Ciências Matemáticas e Naturais, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | | | - Andrey José de Andrade
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Dos Santos Silva J, Caranha L, Moura Santos FK, Dos Santos AP, Rodrigues da Silva LO, Ferreira Rangel E. Sand fly (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) abundance and diversity in areas affected by the São Francisco River transposition project in Ceará State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:403. [PMID: 28851424 PMCID: PMC5576291 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entomological surveillance of sand fly vectors was carried out to support leishmaniasis prevention and control measures in areas affected by the São Francisco River Transposition Project. Methods Sand flies were collected monthly between May 2011 and December 2014 in seven municipalities: Missão Velha, Brejo Santo, Lavras da Mangabeira, Iguatu, Mauriti, Jaguaribe and Jaguaretama, in dwellings, peridomicile and forest areas for three consecutive days, for a period of 12 h each day (18:00 to 06:00 h). Differences in species composition between sites were tested with Shannon’s diversity index, the similarity between habitats was estimated by the Sørensen’s qualitative similarity index and, for the most abundant species in each municipality, a standardized index of species abundance was applied. The influence of climatic factors on sand fly population densities was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Results A total of 214,213 sand fly specimens belonging to 18 species were captured. The most abundant species in all municipalities was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912). The municipalities of Mauriti and Missão Velha stand out in terms of high species richness, with the latter exhibiting the greatest diversity. The number of sand flies in the Iguatu, Jaguaribe and Jaguaretama municipality was higher during the rainy months, whereas the populations declined in the drier months; the sand fly population density in other municipalities (Missão Velha, Brejo Santo, Lavras de Mangabeira and Mauriti) showed negative correlation with rainfall. Conclusions This study confirms the presence of several Leishmania spp. vectors in the seven municipalities affected by the São Francisco River Transposition Project, with Lu. longipalpis being the most abundant species at all study sites. Vector populations in these municipalities should be monitored, ultimately to assess the associations between environmental changes and sand fly population dynamics and leishmaniasis transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-360, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-360, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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53
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Guimarães-e-Silva AS, Silva SDO, Ribeiro da Silva RC, Pinheiro VCS, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN. Leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of Brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179052. [PMID: 28837565 PMCID: PMC5570267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the blood feeding preferences of sandflies and to identify species of Leishmania that infected phlebotomines in Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil, an area that is highly endemic for leishmaniasis. Sandflies were captured in light traps located in the peridomiciliary environments of randomly selected houses in urban and rural settings between 1800 and 0600 hours on new moon days between March 2013 and February 2015. DNA extracts from 982 engorged female sandflies were submitted to fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify infecting species of Leishmania, and blood sources were identified for 778 of these specimens. Infection by Leishmania infantum was detected in Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lu. whitmani and Lu. termitophila; L. infantum/L. braziliensis in Lu. longipalpis, Lu. whitmani and Lu. trinidadensis; L. shawi in Lu. longipalpis; L. mexicana in Lu. longipalpis; L. braziliensis in Lu. longipalpis and Lu. whitmani; L. guyanensis in Lu. longipalpis and Lu. termitophila; L. amazonensis in Lu. longipalpis and L. lainsoni or L. naiffi in Lu. longipalpis, while Lu. longipalpis and Lu. trinidadensis were infected with unidentified Leishmania sp. Blood sources were identified in 573 individual phlebotomines and the preferred hosts were, in decreasing order, chicken, dog, rodent and human with lower preferences for pig, horse, opossum and cattle. Lu. longipalpis and Lu. whitmani performed mixed feeding on man, dog and rodent, while Lu. longipalpis was the most opportunistic species, feeding on the blood of all hosts surveyed, but preferably on dog/chicken, dog/rodent and rodent/chicken. Our findings reveal the concomitant circulation of Leishmania species that cause visceral leishmaniasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis in the study area, and explain the occurrence of autochthonous human cases of both clinical forms of leishmaniasis in Caxias, Maranhão. The results support our hypothesis that, in the municipality of Caxias, transmission of Leishmania occurs in close proximity to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônia Suely Guimarães-e-Silva
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Soraia de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Biologia de Leishmania, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica (LABEM), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Biologia de Leishmania, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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54
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Fernandes WDS, Borges LM, Casaril AE, de Oliveira EF, Infran JDOM, Piranda EM, Oshiro ET, Gomes SP, de Oliveira AG. Sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an urban area, Central-West of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e54. [PMID: 28902295 PMCID: PMC5574625 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological and ecological relations among vectors and their pathogens are important to understand the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. Camapuã is an endemic area for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to characterize the sandfly fauna present in Camapuã , MS, Brazil. Sand flies were collected every fortnight from May 2014 to April 2015 using automatic light traps in the domicile and peridomicile of twelve neighborhoods and forest. The collected specimens were identified based on morphology according to the valid identification keys. In total, 2005 sandflies of five genera and nine species were collected. Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia cruzi were the most abundant species. Males were more abundant, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.14. The highest diversity was observed in peripheral neighborhood, with abundant plant cover. The peridomicile presented greater abundance of sandflies, with the predominance of Ny. whitmani . No significant correlation between the absolute frequencies of the most abundant species and the precipitation variable was observed; however, there was a predominance of Lu. cruzi in the rainy season. We observed a high frequency of sandflies in urban area, especially vector species. The presence of Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia cruzi indicate the necessity for health surveillance in the municipality. Additional method of collection such as sticky trap is also recommended for appropriate faunestic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Machado Borges
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Prefeitura de Camapuã, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Camapuã, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de
Engenharia/Estatística, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências
Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do
Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliane Mattos Piranda
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências
Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do
Sul, Brazil
| | - Elisa Teruya Oshiro
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências
Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do
Sul, Brazil
| | - Suellem Petilim Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Campo Grande, Mato
Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências
Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do
Sul, Brazil
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Teles CBG, Santos APDAD, Freitas RA, Oliveira AFJD, Ogawa GM, Rodrigues MS, Pessoa FAC, Medeiros JF, Camargo LMA. Phlebotomine sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) diversity and their Leishmania DNA in a hot spot of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis human cases along the Brazilian border with Peru and Bolivia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 0:0. [PMID: 27304023 PMCID: PMC4957494 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified the phlebotomine sandfly vectors involved in the transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Assis Brasil, Acre, Brazil, which is located on the Brazil-Peru-Bolivia frontier. The genotyping of Leishmania in phlebotomines was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A total of 6,850 sandflies comprising 67 species were captured by using CDC light traps in rural areas of the municipality. Three sandfly species were found in the state of Acre for the first time: Lutzomyia georgii, Lu. complexa and Lu. evangelistai. The predominant species was Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi and Lu. davisi (total 59.27%). 32 of 368 pools were positive for the presence of Leishmania DNA (16 pools corresponding to Lu. davisi, and 16 corresponding to Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi), with a minimal infection prevalence of 1.85% in Lu. davisi and 2.05% in Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi. The Leishmania species found showed maximum identity with L. (Viannia) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in both phlebotomine species. Based on these results and similar scenarios previously described along the Brazil/Peru/Bolivia tri-border, the studied area must take into consideration the possibility of Lu. davisi and Lu. auraensis/Lu. ruifreitasi as probable vectors of ACL in this municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Faculdade São Lucas, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula de Azevedo Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Rui Alves Freitas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus AM , Brasil, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Arley Faria José de Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus AM , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Maerschner Ogawa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Monte Negro RO , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Monte Negro, RO, Brasil
| | - Moreno Souza Rodrigues
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus AM , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo
- Faculdade São Lucas, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho RO , Brasil, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Monte Negro RO , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Monte Negro, RO, Brasil
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Moya S, Giuliani M, Santini M, Quintana M, Salomón O, Liotta D. Leishmania infantum DNA detected in phlebotomine species from Puerto Iguazú City, Misiones province, Argentina. Acta Trop 2017; 172:122-124. [PMID: 28476601 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In Puerto Iguazú City, Argentina, human and canine Visceral Leishmaniasis cases have been recorded since the year 2010, with Leishmania infantum as the etiological agent and Lutzomyia longipalpis as its main vector. In the present study, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to detect L. infantum DNA in 3.9% of the female sandflies captured in Puerto Iguazú City. This is the first report of L. infantum DNA detection in Micropygomyia quinquefer, and the second one in Lu. longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani for Argentina. Although the detection of Leishmania DNA itself is not enough to determine a Phlebotomine species as a vector, these results are significant in setting the direction of further investigations of vectorial competence and capacity, necessary to define the roles of different sandflies species as specific or permissive vectors in the transmission VL cycle.
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Amiodarone and itraconazole improve the activity of pentavalent antimonial in the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:159-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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de Souza AAA, da Rocha Barata I, das Graças Soares Silva M, Lima JAN, Jennings YLL, Ishikawa EAY, Prévot G, Ginouves M, Silveira FT, Shaw J, dos Santos TV. Natural Leishmania (Viannia) infections of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) indicate classical and alternative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Guiana Shield, Brazil. Parasite 2017; 24:13. [PMID: 28508745 PMCID: PMC5432964 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
From 1996 to 1999 multi-trapping methods (Center of Diseases Control, CDC) light traps, light-baited Shannon traps, and aspiration on tree bases) were used to study the phlebotomine fauna of the "Serra do Navio" region of the Brazilian State of Amapá, which is part of the Guiana Shield. Fifty-three species were identified among 8,685 captured individuals. The following species, associated with the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Amazonian Brazil, were captured: Nyssomyia umbratilis (3,388), Psychodopygus squamiventris maripaensis (995), Ny. anduzei (550), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (400), Ny. whitmani (291), Ps. paraensis (116), and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (50). Flagellate infections were detected in 45 flies. Of the 19 parasites isolated in vitro, 15 were Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis (13 in Ny. umbratilis, 1 in Ny. whitmani, 1 in Ny. anduzei) and three were L. (V.) naiffi (2 in Ps. s. maripaensis, 1 in Ny. anduzei). The results indicate the participation of three phlebotomine species in the transmission of L. (V.) guyanensis and two species in that of L. (V.) naiffi, and show that the same phlebotomine species is involved in the transmission of different Leishmania (Viannia) species in the Guianan/Amazon region. A review of the literature together with the results of the present study, and other published and unpublished results, indicate that eight phlebotomine species potentially participate in the transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelson Alcimar Almeida de Souza
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - Iorlando da Rocha Barata
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Soares Silva
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - José Aprígio Nunes Lima
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - Yara Lúcia Lins Jennings
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
| | - Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa
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Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém zip code 66055-240
Pará State Brazil
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
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Département de Médecine, Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Labex CEBA, Université de Guyane zip code 97300
Cayenne French Guiana
| | - Marine Ginouves
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Département de Médecine, Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Labex CEBA, Université de Guyane zip code 97300
Cayenne French Guiana
| | - Fernando Tobias Silveira
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
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Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém zip code 66055-240
Pará State Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
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Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo zip code 05508-000
São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos
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Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde) Ananindeua zip code 67.030-000
Pará State Brazil
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Gasparotto JDC, Costa-Ribeiro MCVD, Thomaz-Soccol V, Liebel SMRDS, Neitzke-Abreu HC, Reinhold-Castro KR, Cristovão EC, Teodoro U. Genetic variability of populations of Nyssomyia neivai in the Northern State of Paraná, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e10. [PMID: 28380111 PMCID: PMC5441151 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic study of sandfly populations needs to be further explored given the
importance of these insects for public health. Were sequenced the
NDH4 mitochondrial gene from populations of Nyssomyia
neivai from Doutor Camargo, Lobato, Japira, and Porto Rico,
municipalities in the State ofParaná, Brazil, to understand the genetic structure and gene flow.
Eighty specimens of Ny. Neivai were sequenced, 20 from each
municipality, and 269 base pairs were obtained. A total of 27 haplotypes and 28
polymorphic sites were found, along with a haplotypic diversity of 0.80696 and a
nucleotide diversity of 0.00567. Haplotype H5, with 33 specimens, was the most common
among the four populations. Only haplotypes H5 and H7 were present in all four
populations. The population from Doutor Camargo showed the highest genetic diversity,
and only this population shared haplotypes with those from the other municipalities.
The highest number of haplotypes was sheared with Lobato which also had the highest
number of unique haplotypes. This probably occurred because of constant anthropic
changes that happened in the environment during the first half of the twentieth
century, mainly after 1998. There was no significant correlation between genetic and
geographical distances regarding these populations. However, the highest genetic and
geographical distances, and the lowest gene flow were observed between Japira and
Porto Rico. Geographical distance is a possible barrier between these municipalities
through the blocking of haplotype sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kárin Rosi Reinhold-Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Ueslei Teodoro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Soares RP, Altoé ECF, Ennes-Vidal V, da Costa SM, Rangel EF, de Souza NA, da Silva VC, Volf P, d'Avila-Levy CM. In Vitro Inhibition of Leishmania Attachment to Sandfly Midguts and LL-5 Cells by Divalent Metal Chelators, Anti-gp63 and Phosphoglycans. Protist 2017; 168:326-334. [PMID: 28472733 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum are the causative agents of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. Several aspects of the vector-parasite interaction involving gp63 and phosphoglycans have been individually assayed in different studies. However, their role under the same experimental conditions was not studied yet. Here, the roles of divalent metal chelators, anti-gp63 antibodies and purified type I phosphoglycans (PGs) were evaluated during in vitro parasite attachment to the midgut of the vector. Parasites were treated with divalent metal chelators or anti-gp63 antibodies prior to the interaction with Lutzomyia longipalpis/Lutzomyia intermedia midguts or sand fly LL-5 cells. In vitro binding system was used to examine the role of PG and gp63 in parallel. Treatment with divalent metal chelators reduced Le. infantum adhesion to the Lu. longipalpis midguts. The most effective compound (Phen) inhibited the binding in both vectors. Similar results were observed in the interaction between both Leishmania species and the cell line LL-5. Finally, parallel experiments using anti-gp63-treated parasites and PG-incubated midguts demonstrated that both approaches substantially inhibited attachment in the natural parasite-vector pairs Le. infantum/Lu. longipalpis and Le. braziliensis/Lu. intermedia. Our results suggest that gp63 and/or PG are involved in parasite attachment to the midgut of these important vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pedro Soares
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Félix Altoé
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vítor Ennes-Vidal
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone M da Costa
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera/LIVEDIH/IOC, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera/LIVEDIH/IOC, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nataly Araújo de Souza
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera/LIVEDIH/IOC, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Campos da Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera/LIVEDIH/IOC, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Masini d'Avila-Levy
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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McIntyre S, Rangel EF, Ready PD, Carvalho BM. Species-specific ecological niche modelling predicts different range contractions for Lutzomyia intermedia and a related vector of Leishmania braziliensis following climate change in South America. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:157. [PMID: 28340594 PMCID: PMC5366140 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before 1996 the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia neivai was usually treated as a synonym of the morphologically similar Lutzomyia intermedia, which has long been considered a vector of Leishmania braziliensis, the causative agent of much cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America. This report investigates the likely range changes of both sand fly species in response to a stabilisation climate change scenario (RCP4.5) and a high greenhouse gas emissions one (RCP8.5). METHODS Ecological niche modelling was used to identify areas of South America with climates currently suitable for each species, and then the future distributions of these climates were predicted based on climate change scenarios. Compared with the previous ecological niche model of L. intermedia (sensu lato) produced using the GARP algorithm in 2003, the current investigation modelled the two species separately, making use of verified presence records and additional records after 2001. Also, the new ensemble approach employed ecological niche modelling algorithms (including Maximum Entropy, Random Forests and Support Vector Machines) that have been widely adopted since 2003 and perform better than GARP, as well as using a more recent climate change model (HadGEM2) considered to have better performance at higher resolution than the earlier one (HadCM2). RESULTS Lutzomyia intermedia was shown to be the more tropical of the two species, with its climatic niche defined by higher annual mean temperatures and lower temperature seasonality, in contrast to the more subtropical L. neivai. These different latitudinal ranges explain the two species' predicted responses to climate change by 2050, with L. intermedia mostly contracting its range (except perhaps in northeast Brazil) and L. neivai mostly shifting its range southwards in Brazil and Argentina. This contradicts the findings of the 2003 report, which predicted more range expansion. The different findings can be explained by the improved data sets and modelling methods. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that climate change will not always lead to range expansion of disease vectors such as sand flies. Ecological niche models should be species specific, carefully selected and combined in an ensemble approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon McIntyre
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Elizabeth F Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paul D Ready
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Bruno M Carvalho
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Saraiva L, Leite CG, Lima ACVMDR, Carvalho LOAD, Pereira AAS, Rugani JMN, Rego FD, Gontijo CMF, Andrade JD. Seasonality of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Leishmania DNA detection in vector species in an area with endemic visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:309-318. [PMID: 28327794 PMCID: PMC5354617 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniases are a serious health problem in southeast Brazil, including the city of Belo Horizonte (BH), Minas Gerais state (MG), where there are high rates of incidence and mortality due to visceral leishmaniases. BH is divided into nine sanitary districts (SD) of which one, the Venda Nova SD, was selected for this study because it has high rates of positivity for canine leishmaniasis and high incidence of human leishmaniasis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to survey the sand fly fauna in Venda Nova SD from August 2011 to July 2013 and perform a descriptive analysis of the vector population. METHODS The sampling was carried out using automatic HP light traps at all covered areas of the Venda Nova SD, in a total of eighteen light traps. Sampled specimens were identified following Galati (2003), and females were submitted to molecular techniques for the detection and identification of Leishmania DNA. A simple environmental description was done for it area and Kernel estimation was used to infer vector density for each study site. FINDINGS A total of 2,427 sand fly specimens belonging to eight species and five genera were collected of which 95.3% were Lutzomyia longipalpis. The seasonal variation curve was delineated by this species. Lu. longipalpis was the most abundant at all collection points and in all months of the study, and exhibited a natural infection rate of 1.01% for Leishmania infantum and 1.77% for Leishmania braziliensis. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The results show the presence and adaptation of Lu. longipalpis to the anthropic environment of BH and reinforces its role as the main vector of L. infantum in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Saraiva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Camila Gonçalves Leite
- Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, Gerência de Controle de Zoonoses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Agnes Antônia Sampaio Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Jerônimo Marteleto Nunes Rugani
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Felipe Dutra Rego
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Shimabukuro PHF, de Andrade AJ, Galati EAB. Checklist of American sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae): genera, species, and their distribution. Zookeys 2017:67-106. [PMID: 28794674 PMCID: PMC5549530 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.660.10508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are dipteran insects of medical importance because many species are involved in the transmission of pathogens between human and non-human animals. A total of 530 American species of sand flies is presented in an updated checklist, along with their author(s) and year of publication using the classification by Galati (1995, 2003). Distribution by country is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Andrey José de Andrade
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210. Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81.531-980, Brazil
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 515, Pinheiros, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
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Rosário ING, Andrade AJD, Ligeiro R, Ishak R, Silva IM. Evaluating the Adaptation Process of Sandfly Fauna to Anthropized Environments in a Leishmaniasis Transmission Area in the Brazilian Amazon. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:450-459. [PMID: 28011727 PMCID: PMC5850517 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of several etiological agents of human and animal diseases, including protozoans of the gender Leishmania. Precarious socioeconomic conditions and uncontrolled population growth directly influence the transmission risk of parasites and the urbanization of vector species, previously restricted to wild environments. The Marajó Archipelago is considered a high incidence area of leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Amazon. However, it is poorly studied. The aim of this study was to assess the adaptation processes of phlebotomine species to anthropized environments in this region. For this purpose, the phlebotomine fauna was compared between three municipalities of the Marajó Archipelago: Anajás, Portel, and São Sebastião da Boa Vista. To survey the phlebotomine fauna, CDC (Center for Disease Control) light traps were installed in the wild areas and in the intra and peridomiciliary areas of rural and urban environments. The environments studied presented a diversified phlebotomine fauna, with higher richness in the wild environment (15 species), followed by the rural (seven species), and finally, the urban environment (three species). A migration of wild fauna to the adjacent anthropized areas (rural environment) and to urban areas was observed, evidencing the adaptation process of this vector to anthropized environments in the studied region. Thus, our study evidenced that the disorganized human occupation and utilization of the landscape might cause the invasion of urban areas by wild populations of phlebotomines, in this way enabling the settlement of urban leishmaniasis transmission cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid N G Rosário
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil (; )
| | - Andrey J de Andrade
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR, Brasil
| | - Raphael Ligeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ivoneide M Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil (; )
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Sand fly population dynamics and cutaneous leishmaniasis among soldiers in an Atlantic forest remnant in northeastern Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005406. [PMID: 28241005 PMCID: PMC5344522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis are relatively common among soldiers involved in nocturnal activities in tropical forests. We investigated the population dynamics of sand flies in a military training camp located in a remnant of Atlantic rainforest in northeastern Brazil, where outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis have sporadically been described. From July 2012 to July 2014, light traps were monthly placed in 10 collection sites, being nine sites located near the forest edge and one near a sheep and goat stable. Light traps operated from 5:00 pm to 6:00 am, during four consecutive nights. Leishmania infection in sand flies was assessed using a fast real-time PCR assay. Cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis among soldiers were also investigated. In total, 24,606 sand flies belonging to 25 species were identified. Males (n = 12,683) predominated over females (n = 11,923). Sand flies were present during all months, being more numerous in March (n = 1,691) and April 2013 (n = 3,324). Lutzomyia choti (72.9%) was the most abundant species, followed by Lutzomyia longispina (13.8%), Lutzomyia complexa (5.3%), representing together >90% of the sand flies collected. Forty cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded among soldiers from January 2012 to December 2014. Leishmania isolates were obtained from eight patients and were all characterized as Leishmania braziliensis. Soldiers and anyone overnighting in Atlantic rainforest remnants should adopt preventative measures such as the use of repellents on bare skin or clothes and insecticide-treated tents. Outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis are relatively common among soldiers involved in nocturnal activities in tropical forests. However, there is limited information on the relationship between sand fly population dynamics and cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Atlantic forest remnants. In this study, we investigated the population dynamics of sand flies in a military training camp located in a remnant of Atlantic rainforest in northeastern Brazil, where outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis have sporadically been described. In total, 24,606 sand flies belonging to 25 species were identified. Sand flies were present during all months, being more numerous in March and April 2013. Lutzomyia choti was the most abundant species and three pools of females belonging to this species were found to be positive for Leishmania braziliensis DNA. Our results suggest that the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania braziliensis in Atlantic rainforest remnants is permanent and thus not dictated by sand fly population peaks. People overnighting in Atlantic rainforest remnants should adopt preventative measures such as the use of repellents on bare skin or clothes and insecticide-treated tents.
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66
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Araujo-Pereira TD, Pita-Pereira DD, Boité MC, Melo M, Costa-Rego TAD, Fuzari AA, Brazil RP, Britto C. First description of Leishmania (Viannia) infection in Evandromyia saulensis, Pressatia sp. and Trichophoromyia auraensis (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in a transmission area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Amazon Basin, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:75-78. [PMID: 28076470 PMCID: PMC5225531 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the sandfly fauna to evaluate natural infection indexes are still limited in the Brazilian Amazon, a region with an increasing incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Here, by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction directed to Leishmania kDNA and hybridisation, we were able to identify L. (Viannia) subgenus in 12 out of 173 sandflies captured in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre state, revealing a positivity of 6.94%. By sequencing the Leishmania 234 bp-hsp70 amplified products from positive samples, infection by L. (V.) braziliensis was confirmed in five sandflies: one Evandromyia saulensis, three Trichophoromyia auraensis and one Pressatia sp. The finding of L. (Viannia) DNA in two Ev. saulensis corresponds to the first record of possible infection associated with this sandfly. Moreover, our study reveals for the first time in Brazil, Th. auraensis and Pressatia sp. infected by L. (Viannia) parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Araujo-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Daniela de Pita-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mariana Côrtes Boité
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Myllena Melo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Taiana Amancio da Costa-Rego
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Andressa Alencastre Fuzari
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Constança Britto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Antonini Y, Fernandes GW, Barata RA. Distribution of the assemblage of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) along an environmental gradient. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2016-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The geographical distribution of leishmaniasis has undoubtedly expanded, and is now being reported to be in areas that were previously non-endemic. This study therefore aimed to investigate whether there is any variation in the structure and in the composition of phlebotomine communities along an environmental gradient - from a mesic to a xeric environment, across different climatic periods (rainy and dry seasons). Furthermore, we test whether there were differences in sex ratio of sand flies between wet and dry environments. A total of 535 specimens of sand flies belonging to 18 species were recorded. Richness, abundance, and composition of species were significatively higher in the xeric environment (semidecidual Forest) compared to the mesic environment (Riparina Forest). We unveiled site specific differences in sand fly collections since the community composition changes with the geographic distance among the sampling points. These results led to the conclusion that for sand flies species, the environmental conditions available for each species could be different within the habitat taking into account the degree of humidity in the forest as well as the climatic season (dry or wet). The present study gives a valuable contribution to the knowledge of sand flies, as a group of insects, from the Atlantic Forest biome.
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Godoy RE, de Santana ALF, Graser C, Rangel EF, Vilela ML. Aspects on the Ecology of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Guaraí, State of Tocantins, Brazil, Endemic Area for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:229-235. [PMID: 28082651 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) ecology involves a diversity of Leishmania species transmitted by different sand fly species. Workers involved in agricultural activities are those mainly affected by ACL in some regions from Tocantins State (TO), Brazil, where the disease can be established in new settlements. The objective of this study was to examine the seasonal and hourly frequency of sand fly species, focusing on the potential vectors of ACL, in a settlement in Guaraí (TO), an ACL transmission area. Sand flies were captured in forested area close to Pedra Branca Agricultural Project settlement, from March 2006 until December 2007, using Shannon trap. Monthly captures were made from 06:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m., and 24-h captures were done twice per semester, from 06:00 a.m. to 06:00 a.m. A total of 10,089 specimens from 30 species were identified. Psychodopygus complexus Mangabeira, Psychodopygus llanosmartinsi Fraiha & Ward, and Nyssomyia antunesi Coutinho were the most abundant species. Nyssomyia antunesi was more frequent during the dry period, whereas Ps. complexus and Ps. llanosmartinsi had high frequencies during the rainy season. Precipitation was positively correlated with Ps. complexus and Ps. llanosmartinsi abundance, and negatively correlated with Ny. antunesi During 24-h captures, the majority of specimens were captured during the night followed by a decrease at dawn. The behavior and previous finding of natural infection by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis of Ps. complexus led us to the conclusion that this species can be a potential vector of L. (V.) braziliensis during the rainy season in Guaraí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Espíndola Godoy
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemíptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (; ; )
| | - Antônio Luís Ferreira de Santana
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemíptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (; ; )
| | - Carina Graser
- Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Tocantins, Núcleo de Leishmanioses, Coordenadoria de Doenças Vetoriais e Zoonoses, Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemíptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (; ; )
| | - Maurício Luiz Vilela
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemíptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (; ; )
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Infran JOM, Souza DA, Fernandes WS, Casaril AE, Eguchi GU, Oshiro ET, Fernandes CES, Paranhos Filho AC, Oliveira AG. Nycthemeral Rhythm of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Craggy Region, Transitioning Between the Wetland and the Plateau, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:114-124. [PMID: 28082638 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recording the nycthemeral rhythm of sand flies allows the evaluation of the daily activity in different ecotypes, the period of greatest activity, and their degree of anthropophily. We investigated the fauna and the rhythm of sand fly activity in an ecotourism region in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state, Brazil. Sand flies were captured monthly, using a Shannon trap for 24 h periods between July 2012 and June 2014. We collected 1,815 sand flies, in which Lutzomyia whitmani (=Nyssomyia whitmani, sensu Galati) and Lutzomyia longipalpis were the most abundant species during the dry season, with activity from 5 p.m.-7 a.m. and 6 p.m.-5 a.m., respectively. Both species require particular attention as vectors of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in several regions of Brazil, including MS. However, Lutzomyia dispar was more anthropophilic, and was most active between January and March, from 5 p.m. to 5 a.m. Lutzomyia misionensis (=Pintomyia misionensis, sensu Galati) was present throughout both years, active from 4 p.m. to 5 a.m. Other species were active from 5 p.m. to 6 a.m. Due to intense tourism in the months that coincide with a high number of vectors for leishmaniases in Piraputanga, it is essential to determine vector-monitoring strategies in the area by investigating sand fly rhythm while not neglecting other periods of the year when the insects are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O M Infran
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal - Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - D A Souza
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal - Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - W S Fernandes
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - A E Casaril
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - G U Eguchi
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - E T Oshiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - C E S Fernandes
- Laboratório de Histopatologia - Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - A C Paranhos Filho
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Arquitetura, Planejamento Urbano e Geografia - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - A G Oliveira
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal - Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
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Figueiredo HRD, Santos MFDC, Casaril AE, Infran JODM, Ribeiro LM, Fernandes CEDS, Oliveira AGD. SAND FLIES (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) IN AN ENDEMIC AREA OF LEISHMANIASIS IN AQUIDAUANA MUNICIPALITY, PANTANAL OF MATO GROSSO DO SUL , BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:87. [PMID: 27982353 PMCID: PMC5147717 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aquidauana municipality is considered an endemic area of leishmaniasis and an important tourist site in Mato Grosso do Sul State. The aim of this study was to investigate the sand fly fauna in the city of Aquidauana. Captures were carried out twice a month, from April 2012 to March 2014 with automatic light traps and active aspiration, in the peridomicile and domicile of six residences. A total of 9,338 specimens were collected, 3,179 and 6,159 using light traps and active aspiration, respectively. The fauna consisted of: Brumptomyia brumpti, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Ev. evandroi, Ev. lenti, Ev. orcyi, Ev. sallesi, Ev. termitophila, Ev. walkeri, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Psathyromyia bigeniculata. The most abundant species captured was Lutzomyia longipalpis, present in all the ecotopes, predominantly in peridomicile areas, and mainly males. Leishmania DNA was not detected in the insects. It was observed the abundance of the sand fly fauna in the region, as well as the high frequency of Lu. longipalpis, the main vector of L. infantum. The results of this study show the need to increase the monitoring and more effective control measures. It is noteworthy that the studied region presents several activities related to tourism and recreation, increasing the risk of transmission of leishmaniasis to this particular human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Rezende de Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina Dr Hélio Mandetta, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mails: ; ;
| | - Mirella Ferreira da Cunha Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Rua dos Dentistas, 500, Bairro Arnaldo Estevão de Figueiredo, 79043-250, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina Dr Hélio Mandetta, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mails: ; ;
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mail: ; ,
| | - Jucelei Oliveira de Moura Infran
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mail: ; ,
| | - Leticia Moraes Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mail: ; ,
| | - Carlos Eurico Dos Santos Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratório de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina Dr Hélio Mandetta, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mails: ; ;
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. E-mail: ; ,
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Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Hydroelectric System Affected Area from Northern Amazonian Brazil: Further Insights into the Effects of Environmental Changes on Vector Ecology. J Trop Med 2016; 2016:9819723. [PMID: 28042300 PMCID: PMC5153513 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9819723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2012-2015, an entomological survey was conducted as part of a phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) monitoring program in an area influenced by the Santo Antônio do Jari hydroelectric system (Amapá State, Brazil). The purpose was to study aspects of Amazon/Guianan American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) vectors subjected to stresses by anthropogenic environmental changes. For sampling, CDC light traps were positioned 0.5, 1, and 20 m above ground at five capture locations along the Jari River Basin. Fluctuations in phlebotomine numbers were analyzed to determine any correlation with rainfall, dam waterlogging, and/or ACL cases, from May 2012 to March 2015. We captured 2,800 individuals, and among 45 species identified, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Nyssomyia umbratilis, and Psychodopygus squamiventris s.l. were determined to be the main putative vectors, based on current knowledge of the Amazon/Guianan ACL scenario. Rainfall, but not complete flooding, was relatively correlated with phlebotomine fluctuation, mainly observed for Ps. squamiventris s.l., as were ACL cases with Ny. umbratilis. Behavioral changes were observed in the unexpected high frequency of Bi. flaviscutellata among CDC captures and the noncanopy dominance of Ny. umbratilis, possibly attributable to environmental stress in the sampled ecotopes. Continuous entomological surveillance is necessary to monitor the outcomes of these findings.
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Pinheiro MPG, Silva JHTD, Inacio CLS, Ximenes MDFFDM. Anthropophily of Lutzomyia wellcomei (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit in Northeast Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1444-1448. [PMID: 27330100 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson) (Diptera: Psychodidae) can act as an important vector of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis This study presents the results of collections carried out in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in a Conservation Unit of Rio Grande do Norte state. Collections occurred over 12 consecutive months using Shannon and CDC traps. A total of 777 sand flies from eight species were collected: Lutzomyia walkeri (Newstead), Lutzomyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes), Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson), Lutzomyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte), Lutzomyia brasiliensis (Costa Lima), Lutzomyia lenti (Mangabeira), Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), and Lutzomyia abonnenci (Floch & Chassignet). Lutzomyia wellcomei was the most abundant species using the Shannon trap (97%) and L. walkeri in the CDC trap (81%). It is important to note the abundance of L. wellcomei in Shannon trap collections, which favors the capture of anthropophilic species. Lutzomyia wellcomei was only present in months where rainfall was above 100 mm, confirming it as a species adapted to wetter months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Paulo Gomes Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (; ; ; )
| | - José Hilário Tavares da Silva
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (; ; ; )
| | - Cássio Lázaro Silva Inacio
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (; ; ; )
| | - Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo Ximenes
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (; ; ; )
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Shimabukuro PHF, Moreira JAC, Costa TSD. Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Domain Collected With Malaise Traps. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1488-1491. [PMID: 27343176 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present the results of a 2-yr sampling using malaise traps along the Atlantic Forest domain from the northeast to the south of Brazil. In total, 217 sand flies were collected, of which the most abundant species was Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) (60.4%), followed by Psychodopygus ayrozai (Barretto & Coutinho, 1940) (11%) and Micropygomyia schreiberi (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1975) (4.1%), and the remaining less abundant species comprised 10.1% of the total of sand flies collected. We report the occurrence for the first time of: 1) B. flaviscutellata, Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926), Ps. ayrozai, and Psychodopygus carreirai (Barretto, 1946) in the state of Alagoas; 2) Psychodopygus claustrei (Abonnenc, Lèger & Fauran,1979), Psychodopygus amazonensis (Root, 1934), and Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & del ponte, 1927) in the state of Bahia; 3) Nyssomyia anduzei (Rozeboom, 1942) in the state of Pernambuco; and 4) B. flaviscutellata, M. schreiberi, Ps. ayrozai, and Psychodopygus davisi (Root, 1934) in the state of Sergipe. Our results present novel records of sand flies collected with malaise traps in the Atlantic Forest domain demonstrating that different collecting methods such as malaise traps can provide new interesting data about these insects that are natural vectors of many pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz/MG, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, 31190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Silva RA, Santos FKM, Sousa LCD, Rangel EF, Bevilaqua CML. Ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:320-7. [PMID: 25271451 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612014068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main vector for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. However, the absence of L. longipalpis in a region of autochthonous VL demonstrates the participation of other species in the transmission of the parasite. Studies conducted in La Banda, Argentina, and São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco State, Brazil, have correlated the absence of L. longipalpis and the presence of L. migonei with autochthonous cases of VL. In São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco, there was evidence for the natural infection of L. migonei with Leishmania infantum chagasi. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the ecology of the sand flies L. longipalpis and L. migonei in Fortaleza, an endemic area for VL. Insect capture was conducted at 22 sampling points distributed across four regions of Fortaleza. In total, 32,403 sand flies were captured; of these, 18,166 (56%) were identified as L. longipalpis and 14,237 (44%) as L. migonei. There were significant density differences found between the vectors at each sampling site (indoors and outdoors) (p <0.0001). These findings confirm that L. migonei and L. longipalpis are distributed throughout Fortaleza, where they have adapted to an indoor environment, and suggest that L. migonei may share the role as a vector with L. longipalpis in the transmission of VL in Fortaleza.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará ? UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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de Souza AAA, Dos Santos TV, Jennings YLL, Ishikawa EAY, Barata IDR, Silva MDGS, Lima JAN, Shaw J, Lainson R, Silveira FT. Natural Leishmania (Viannia) spp. infections in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Brazilian Amazon region reveal new putative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:22. [PMID: 27235194 PMCID: PMC4884270 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Amazonian Brazil the etiological agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) belong to at least seven Leishmania species but little is known about the putative phlebotomine sand fly vectors in different biomes. In 2002–2003 a survey of the phlebotomine fauna was undertaken in the “Floresta Nacional do Tapajós”, Belterra municipality, in the lower Amazon region, western Pará State, Brazil, where we recently confirmed the presence of a putative hybrid parasite, L. (V.) guyanensis × L. (V.) shawi shawi. Sand flies were collected from Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps, Shannon traps and by aspiration on tree bases. Females were dissected and attempts to isolate any flagellate infections were made by inoculating homogenized midguts into Difco B45 medium. Isolates were characterized by monoclonal antibodies and isoenzyme electrophoresis. A total of 9,704 sand flies, belonging to 68 species or subspecies, were collected. Infections were found in the following sand flies: L. (V.) naiffi with Psychodopygus hirsutus hirsutus (1) and Ps. davisi (2); and L. (V.) shawi shawi with Nyssomyia whitmani (3) and Lutzomyia gomezi (1). These results provide strong evidence of new putative transmission cycles for L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) s. shawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelson Alcimar Almeida de Souza
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Thiago Vasconcelos Dos Santos
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Yara Lúcia Lins Jennings
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | | | - Iorlando da Rocha Barata
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Soares Silva
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - José Aprígio Nunes Lima
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ralph Lainson
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tobias Silveira
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil - Tropical Medicine Nucleus, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará State, Brazil
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Teles CBG, Medeiros JF, Santos APDAD, Freitas LARD, Katsuragawa TH, Cantanhêde LM, Ferreira RDGM, Camarg LMA. MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN THE TRI‑BORDER AREA OF ASSIS BRASIL, ACRE STATE, BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 57:343-7. [PMID: 26422160 PMCID: PMC4616921 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Leishmaniaspecies were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The epidemiology of patients suspected of having American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the municipality of Assis Brasil, Acre State, located in the Brazil/Peru/Bolivia triborder was also investigated. By PCR, the DNA of Leishmaniawas detected in 100% of the cases (37 samples) and a PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of the hsp 70gene identified the species in 32 samples: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (65.6%) , L. (V.) shawi (28.1%) , L. (V.) guyanensis (3.1%) and mixed infection L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (Leishmania) amazonensis (3.1%)This is the first report of L. (V.) shawiand L. (L.) amazonensis in Acre. The two predominant species were found in patients living in urban and rural areas. Most cases were found in males living in rural areas for at least three years and involved in rural work. This suggests, in most cases, a possible transmission of the disease from a rural/forest source, although some patients had not engaged in activities associated with permanence in forestall areas, which indicate a possible sandflies adaptation to the periurban setting.
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Calixto Júnior JT, de Morais SM, Gomez CV, Molas CC, Rolon M, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, de Morais Oliveira CD, Tintino SR, Henrique Douglas MC. Phenolic composition and antiparasitic activity of plants from the Brazilian Northeast "Cerrado". Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:434-40. [PMID: 27081371 PMCID: PMC4818332 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the antiparasitic and cytotoxic activities of three plant species from the Cerrado biome, Northeastern Brazil. Significant antiparasitic inhibition was observed against Trypanosoma cruzi (63.86%), Leishmania brasiliensis (92.20%) and Leishmania infantum (95.23%) when using ethanol extract from leaves of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Malvaceae), at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. However, low levels of inhibition were observed when assessing leishmanicidal and trypanocidal (Clone CL-B5) activities of crude ethanol extracts from leaves and bast tissue of Luehea paniculata (Malvaceae) and leaves and bark of Prockia crucis (Salicaceae) at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The extracts revealed the presence of phenolic acids such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid, as well as flavonoids such as rutin, luteolin, apigenin and quercetin - the latter detected only in G. ulmifolia. G. ulmifolia extract displayed higher leishmanicidal activity probably due to the presence of quercetin, a potent known leishmanicidal compound. A cytotoxicity test indicated values over 50% at the highest concentration (1000 μg/mL) for all natural products, which were considered cytotoxic. This points out the need for further tests to enable future in vivo trials, including antineoplastic activity on human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tavares Calixto Júnior
- Post Graduation Biotechnological Programme – RENORBIO, Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Post Graduation Biotechnological Programme – RENORBIO, Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Ceará, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Celeste Vega Gomez
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Cathia Coronel Molas
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Miriam Rolon
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Díaz Gill, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Margareth Linde Athayde
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará State, Brazil
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Silva FS, da Silva AA, Rebêlo JMM. An Evaluation of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Traps at Capturing Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Livestock Area in Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:634-638. [PMID: 27026156 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study to evaluate the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies at two animal pens in a livestock area in Brazil was performed. Light-suction traps were operated overnight with the following light sources: green, blue, and incandescent (control) lights. In total, 22 individual collections were made at each site and 44 with each trap type. In total, 2,542 specimens belonging to 14 phlebotomine species were collected. The most abundant species in the light traps were Nyssomyia whitmani, Evandromyia evandroi, Micropygomyia goiana, Lutzomyia longipalpis, and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata Taking the two sites together, the green-LED light was the most attractive, followed by the blue and incandescent lights, and the difference between the green-LED and the control was statistically significant. Most species were green-biased at both sites, but some species-specific differences were observed. However, even with these differences, the standard incandescent light was outcompeted by LEDs. The green-LED-biased response observed in the present study, together with numerous advantages in favor of LEDs, suggests that the green-LED light source can be used as an effective substitute for the currently used incandescent bulb in monitoring traps for phlebotomine sand flies in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus IV, Chapadinha, MA 65500-000, Brazil (; ),
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia, São Luis, MA 65085-580, Brasil
| | - A A da Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus IV, Chapadinha, MA 65500-000, Brazil (; )
| | - J M M Rebêlo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia, São Luis, MA 65085-580, Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus I, São Luis, MA 65085-580, Brasil
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79
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Ogawa GM, Pereira Júnior AM, Resadore F, Ferreira RDGM, Medeiros JF, Camargo LMA. Sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) from caves in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 25:61-8. [PMID: 27007243 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612016017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study had the aim of ascertaining the sandfly fauna and possible presence of Leishmania in these insects, collected in caves in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Collections were conducted in eight caves located in two different areas of this state. Leishmania in the sandflies collected was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This was the first study on sandflies from caves in Rondônia and, among the total of 1,236 individuals collected, 24 species and 10 genera were identified. The species Evandromyia georgii was collected for the first time in Rondônia and the most abundant species were Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis with 448 individuals (36.2%), followed by T. octavioi with 283 (22.9%) and E. georgii with 179 (14.5%). For the PCR, 17 pools were analyzed and five pools were positive (forT. auraensis in three pools and for Nyssomyia shawi and N. antunesi in one pool each). The kDNA region was amplified and the presence of Leishmania DNA was confirmed. The sandfly fauna in these caves can be considered diverse in comparison with similar studies in other regions. It may be that some species use caves as a temporary shelter and breeding site, while other species live exclusively in this environment. The detection of Leishmania DNA indicates that this pathogen is circulating in cave environments and that further studies are needed in order to ascertain the risks of infection by leishmaniasis in these locations with high touristic potential.
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80
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Guimarães VCFV, Pruzinova K, Sadlova J, Volfova V, Myskova J, Filho SPB, Volf P. Lutzomyia migonei is a permissive vector competent for Leishmania infantum. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:159. [PMID: 26988559 PMCID: PMC4797322 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania infantum is the most widespread etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the world, with significant mortality rates in human cases. In Latin America, this parasite is primarily transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis, but the role of Lutzomyia migonei as a potential vector for this protozoan has been discussed. Laboratory and field investigations have contributed to this hypothesis; however, proof of the vector competence of L. migonei has not yet been provided. In this study, we evaluate for the first time the susceptibility of L. migonei to L. infantum. METHODS Females of laboratory-reared L. migonei were fed through a chick-skin membrane on rabbit blood containing L. infantum promastigotes, dissected at 1, 5 and 8 days post-infection (PI) and checked microscopically for the presence, intensity and localisation of Leishmania infections. In addition, morphometric analysis of L. infantum promastigotes was performed. RESULTS High infection rates of both L. infantum strains tested were observed in L. migonei, with colonisation of the stomodeal valve already on day 5 PI. At the late-stage infection, most L. migonei females had their cardia and stomodeal valve colonised by high numbers of parasites, and no significant differences were found compared to the development in L. longipalpis. Metacyclic forms were found in all parasite-vector combinations since day 5 PI. CONCLUSIONS We propose that Lutzomyia migonei belongs to sand fly species permissive to various Leishmania spp. Here we demonstrate that L. migonei is highly susceptible to the development of L. infantum. This, together with its known anthropophily, abundance in VL foci and natural infection by L. infantum, constitute important evidence that L. migonei is another vector of this parasite in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katerina Pruzinova
- />Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jovana Sadlova
- />Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Volfova
- />Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Myskova
- />Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão Filho
- />Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Petr Volf
- />Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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81
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Carvalho BM, Rangel EF, Ready PD, Vale MM. Ecological Niche Modelling Predicts Southward Expansion of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) flaviscutellata (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), Vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in South America, under Climate Change. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143282. [PMID: 26619186 PMCID: PMC4664266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector borne diseases are susceptible to climate change because distributions and densities of many vectors are climate driven. The Amazon region is endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis and is predicted to be severely impacted by climate change. Recent records suggest that the distributions of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) flaviscutellata and the parasite it transmits, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, are expanding southward, possibly due to climate change, and sometimes associated with new human infection cases. We define the vector's climatic niche and explore future projections under climate change scenarios. Vector occurrence records were compiled from the literature, museum collections and Brazilian Health Departments. Six bioclimatic variables were used as predictors in six ecological niche model algorithms (BIOCLIM, DOMAIN, MaxEnt, GARP, logistic regression and Random Forest). Projections for 2050 used 17 general circulation models in two greenhouse gas representative concentration pathways: "stabilization" and "high increase". Ensemble models and consensus maps were produced by overlapping binary predictions. Final model outputs showed good performance and significance. The use of species absence data substantially improved model performance. Currently, L. flaviscutellata is widely distributed in the Amazon region, with records in the Atlantic Forest and savannah regions of Central Brazil. Future projections indicate expansion of the climatically suitable area for the vector in both scenarios, towards higher latitudes and elevations. L. flaviscutellata is likely to find increasingly suitable conditions for its expansion into areas where human population size and density are much larger than they are in its current locations. If environmental conditions change as predicted, the range of the vector is likely to expand to southeastern and central-southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and further into the Amazonian areas of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. These areas will only become endemic for L. amazonensis, however, if they have competent reservoir hosts and transmission dynamics matching those in the Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth F. Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paul D. Ready
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana M. Vale
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Galardo AKR, Galardo CD, Silveira GA, Ribeiro KAN, Hijjar AV, Oliveira LL, Santos TVD. Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae): potential vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents in the area associated with the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric System in Western Amazonian Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 48:265-71. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0088-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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83
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Miranda DEDO, Sales KGDS, Faustino MADG, Alves LC, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F, de Carvalho GA. Ecology of sand flies in a low-density residential rural area, with mixed forest/agricultural exploitation, in north-eastern Brazil. Acta Trop 2015; 146:89-94. [PMID: 25792416 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis is endemic in Brazil, where Lutzomyia whitmani is the most important vector involved in the transmission to humans, particularly in the peridomestic environment. Herein, we assessed the ecology of sand flies, including Lu. whitmani, in a low-density residential rural area with mixed forest/agricultural exploitation in north-eastern Brazil, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic. Particularly, we hypothesized that sand fly abundance was correlated with climatic variables. Sand fly collections were carried out monthly from August 2013 to August 2014, using seven CDC light traps, for three consecutive nights, in three kinds of environments: indoor, peridomicile and forest. Collected sand flies were identified based on morphology and females of Lu. whitmani (n=169), Lu. amazonensis (n=134) and Lu. complexa (n=21) were selected and tested by PCR for Leishmania (Viannia) spp. In total, 5167 sand flies belonging to 19 species were identified, being that Lu. choti (43.2%) was the most frequent species, followed by Lu. amazonensis (16.6%), Lu. whitmani (15.8%), Lu. sordellii (10.7%) and Lu. quinquefer (5.8%), which together represented over 90% of the collected sand flies. All females tested by PCR were negative. The number of sand flies collected daily was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between daily number of sand flies and daily average saturation deficit. This study points out that the number of sand flies captured daily is correlated to climatic variables, including saturation deficit, which may represent a useful parameter for monitoring sand fly populations in leishmaniasis-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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84
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Pereira Júnior AM, Teles CBG, de Azevedo dos Santos AP, de Souza Rodrigues M, Marialva EF, Pessoa FAC, Medeiros JF. Ecological aspects and molecular detection of Leishmania DNA Ross (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in terra firme and várzea environments in the Middle Solimões Region, Amazonas State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:180. [PMID: 25889808 PMCID: PMC4378226 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to the role that some species play in the transmission of leishmaniasis. This work aimed to study some ecological aspects among sand flies fauna inhabiting two different environments: the várzea (lowland Amazonian forest) and terra firme (upland Amazonian forest), both located in Tefé Municipality, Amazonas State, Braziland to detect Leishmania infection in those phlebotomine populations. Methods Sand flies were collected using HP light traps. Collection took place over the course of six months: January, February, April, August, September, and October of 2013. To detect natural infection by Leishmania, DNA samples were extracted from female sand flies and submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the kDNA gene; Leishmania species were identified by PCR-RFLP targeting the hsp70 gene and genetic sequencing. Results In all, 5,716 individuals were collected, and 46 species were identified. Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (3,330 – 58.26%) and Nyssomyia antunesi (661 – 11.26%) were the most abundant species. Species richness was greater in terra firme environments (42 species) than in the várzea environments (22 species), and forests ecotopes (43 species) were richer than peridomiciles (28 species). DNA of Leishmania was found in Th. ubiquitalis and Psychodopygus davisi, both of which inhabit the terra firme environment and sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni DNA in Th. ubiquitalis in Tefé Municipality. Conclusions The high abundance of Th. ubiquitalis and Ps. davisi and detection of DNA of Leishmania sp. may indicate that both species could be putative vectors for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in the terra firme environment of Tefé. The sand fly fauna found in várzea is rich and diverse, exhibiting several species, nevertheless the seasonal hydric stress during part of the year that could influence the local diversity, if compared with other studies. This is the first report in Amazonas State of Th. ubiquitalis with presence of L. (V.) lainsoni DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula de Azevedo dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | | | - Eric Fabrício Marialva
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA) - Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Entomologia - Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
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Phlebotomine sand fly fauna and leishmania infection in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park, a natural Brazilian heritage site. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:385493. [PMID: 25793193 PMCID: PMC4352511 DOI: 10.1155/2015/385493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the New World, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of Leishmania-infected Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. Any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in Brazil—the American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and the American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized Brazilian municipality (Jaboticatubas), in which three cases of AVL and nine of ACL have been reported in the last five years. Jaboticatubas is an important tourism hub, as it includes a major part of the Serra do Cipó National Park. Currently, no local data is available on the entomological fauna or circulating Leishmania. During the one-year period of this study, we captured 3,104 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to sixteen Lutzomyia species. In addition to identifying incriminated or suspected vectors of ACL with DNA of the etiological agent of AVL and vice versa, we also detected Leishmania DNA in unexpected Lutzomyia species. The expressive presence of vectors and natural Leishmania infection indicates favorable conditions for the spreading of leishmaniases in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park.
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86
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Souza NAD, Silva JBD, Godoy RE, Souza FJMD, Andrade-Coelho CAD, Silva VCD, Azevedo ACRD, Rangel EF. Studies on Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Campus FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica, Jacarepaguá, in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 48:26-32. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0301-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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A lectin from Dioclea violacea Interacts with midgut surface of Lutzomyia migonei, unlike its homologues, Cratylia floribunda lectin and Canavalia gladiata lectin. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:239208. [PMID: 25431778 PMCID: PMC4238264 DOI: 10.1155/2014/239208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly. Susceptibility and refractoriness to Leishmania depend on the outcome of multiple interactions that take place within the sand fly gut. Promastigote attachment to sand fly midgut epithelium is essential to avoid being excreted together with the digested blood meal. Promastigote and gut sand fly surface glycans are important ligands in this attachment. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of three lectins isolated from leguminous seeds (Diocleinae subtribe), D-glucose and D-mannose-binding, with glycans on Lutzomyia migonei midgut. To study this interaction the lectins were labeled with FITC and a fluorescence assay was performed. The results showed that only Dioclea violacea lectin (DVL) was able to interact with midgut glycans, unlike Cratylia floribunda lectin (CFL) and Canavalia gladiata lectin (CGL). Furthermore, when DVL was blocked with D-mannose the interaction was inhibited. Differences of spatial arrangement of residues and volume of carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) may be the cause of the fine specificity of DVL for glycans in the surface on Lu. migonei midgut. The findings in this study showed the presence of glycans in the midgut with glucose/mannose residues in its composition and these residues may be important in interaction between Lu. migonei midgut and Leishmania.
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88
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Ramos WR, Medeiros JF, Julião GR, Ríos-Velásquez CM, Marialva EF, Desmouliére SJM, Luz SLB, Pessoa FAC. Anthropic effects on sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) abundance and diversity in an Amazonian rural settlement, Brazil. Acta Trop 2014; 139:44-52. [PMID: 25009952 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are responsible for the transmission of protozoan parasites that cause leishmaniases. They are found predominantly in forests, but some species exploit environments that have been subject to deforestation and subsequent human colonization. Studies conducted in Brazil over the past 30 years show that some species are adapting to peri-urban and urban settings. We evaluated sand fly diversity and abundance in the rural settlement of Rio Pardo, Presidente Figueiredo Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil. Settlement households were divided into four categories. These categories were determined by the human population density and the degree of deforestation in the immediate area. We used CDC light traps to sample the area surrounding 24 households (6 households in each category). Samples were taken on six occasions during September-November 2009 and June-August 2010. A total of 3074 sand fly specimens were collected, including 1163 females and 1911 males. These were classified into 13 genera and 52 species. The greatest abundance of sand flies and the greatest richness of species were observed in areas where human population density was highest. Our results show that changes in the human occupancy and vegetation management in rural settlements may affect the population dynamics and distribution of sand fly species, thereby affecting the local transmission of cutaneous leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walkyria Rodrigues Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, CP 2223, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69080-971, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, CP 2223, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69080-971, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Porto Velho, Rondônia CEP 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Genimar Rebouças Julião
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Porto Velho, Rondônia CEP 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Claudia María Ríos-Velásquez
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Eric Fabrício Marialva
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Sylvain J M Desmouliére
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil
| | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil.
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Araujo-Pereira T, Fuzari AA, Andrade Filho JD, Pita-Pereira D, Britto C, Brazil RP. Sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in an area of leishmaniasis transmission in the municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:360. [PMID: 25103985 PMCID: PMC4141082 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notifications concerning American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis have increased in recent years in the state of Acre, Brazil. Despite identification of distinct Leishmania species isolated from cutaneous lesions, there are still no records of visceral leishmaniasis in the state. However, studies on the sand fly fauna in this region are still limited. FINDINGS Insects were collected from April 2011 to April 2012, using HP light traps distributed in four residential areas and one recreational area in Rio Branco, Capital of the State of Acre in the Amazon region of Brazil. A total of 456 sand flies were collected, comprising 256 females and 200 males. Taxonomic identification revealed 16 Phlebotominae genera and 23 species, as follows: Trichophoromyia auraensis, Nyssomyia whitmani, Nyssomyia antunesi, Pressatia choti, Evandromyia saulensis, Evandromyia walkeri, Evandromyia begonae, Migonemyia migonei, Pintomyia serrana, Psychodopygus paraensis, Sciopemyia sordelii, Migonemyia pusilla, Pintomyia nevesi, Brumptomyia avellari, Micropygomyia acanthopharynx, Micropygomyia micropyga, Pintomyia odax, Lutzomyia sherlocki, Pressatia calcarata, Pressatia duncanae, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Evandromyia bourrouli and Evandromyia bacula. From this group, Tr. auraensis and Ny. whitmani were the most abundant species in both forested areas and the peridomiciliary environment. CONCLUSIONS We find that the sand fly fauna in the urban and peri urban areas of Rio Branco is very diverse comprising 23 species, as diverse as that in areas of primary forest. Some species, such as Nyssomyia whitmani, Ny. antunesi and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata are known vectors of parasites responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis, and Trichophoromyia auraensis is a putative vector in this Amazonian region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Reginaldo P Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av, Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
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90
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Guimarães VCFV, Costa PL, Silva FJD, Melo FLD, Dantas-Torres F, Rodrigues EHG, Brandão Filho SP. Molecular detection of Leishmania in phlebotomine sand flies in a cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in northeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56:357-60. [PMID: 25076439 PMCID: PMC4131824 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several phlebotomine sand fly species have been regarded as putative or
proven vectors of parasites of the genus Leishmania in Brazil, but
data for the northeastern region remains incipient. In this study, a total of 600
phlebotomine sand flies were grouped in pools of 10 specimens each and tested by a
Leishmania genus-specific PCR and by a PCR targeting
Leishmania (Leishmania)
infantum. Fourteen out of 60 pools were positive by the
genus-specific PCR, being five pools of L. migonei, seven of
L. complexa, one of L. sordellii and one of
L. naftalekatzi, which correspond to a minimal infection rate of
2.3% (14/600). Our results, associated with their known anthropophily and their
abundance, suggest the participation of L. migonei and L.
complexa as vectors of Leishmania in northeastern
Brazil. Remarkably, this is the first time in this country that the detection of
Leishmania DNA in L. sordellii and L.
naftalekatzi has been reported, but future studies are necessary to
better understand the significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietra Lemos Costa
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fernando José da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lopes de Melo
- Department of Parasitology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Sinval Pinto Brandão Filho
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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91
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Sant'Anna MRV, Diaz-Albiter H, Aguiar-Martins K, Al Salem WS, Cavalcante RR, Dillon VM, Bates PA, Genta FA, Dillon RJ. Colonisation resistance in the sand fly gut: Leishmania protects Lutzomyia longipalpis from bacterial infection. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:329. [PMID: 25051919 PMCID: PMC4112039 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomine sand flies transmit the haemoflagellate Leishmania, the causative agent of human leishmaniasis. The Leishmania promastigotes are confined to the gut lumen and are exposed to the gut microbiota within female sand flies. Here we study the colonisation resistance of yeast and bacteria in preventing the establishment of a Leishmania population in sand flies and the ability of Leishmania to provide colonisation resistance towards the insect bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens that is also pathogenic towards Leishmania. Methods We isolated microorganisms from wild-caught and laboratory-reared female Lutzomyia longipalpis, identified as Pseudozyma sp. Asaia sp. and Ochrobactrum intermedium. We fed the females with a sugar meal containing the microorganisms and then subsequently fed them with a bloodmeal containing Leishmania mexicana and recorded the development of the Leishmania population. Further experiments examined the effect of first colonising the sand fly gut with L. mexicana followed by feeding with, Serratia marcescens, an insect bacterial pathogen. The mortality of the flies due to S. marcescens was recorded in the presence and absence of Leishmania. Results There was a reduction in the number of flies harbouring a Leishmania population that had been pre-fed with Pseudozyma sp. and Asaia sp. or O. intermedium. Experiments in which L. mexicana colonised the sand fly gut prior to being fed an insect bacterial pathogen, Serratia marcescens, showed that the survival of flies with a Leishmania infection was significantly higher compared to flies without Leishmania infection. Conclusions The yeast and bacterial colonisation experiments show that the presence of sand fly gut microorganisms reduce the potential for Leishmania to establish within the sand fly vector. Sand flies infected with Leishmania were able to survive an attack by the bacterial pathogen that would have killed the insect and we concluded that Leishmania may benefit its insect host whilst increasing the potential to establish itself in the sand fly vector. We suggest that the increased ability of the sand fly to withstand a bacterial entomopathogen, due to the presence of the Leishmania, may provide an evolutionary pressure for the maintenance of the Leishmania-vector association. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-329) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rod J Dillon
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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92
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Rêgo FD, Shimabukuro PHF, Quaresma PF, Coelho IR, Tonelli GB, Silva KMS, Barata RA, Dias ES, Gontijo CMF. Ecological aspects of the Phlebotominae fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Xakriabá Indigenous Reserve, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:220. [PMID: 24886717 PMCID: PMC4028289 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sand fly collections were performed to study ecological aspects of the Phlebotominae fauna of the Xakriabá Indigenous Reserve, an area with endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis, located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods The collections were performed in peridomicile areas and along trails previously selected for the study of wild and synanthropic Leishmania hosts. Differences in the distribution patterns of the sand fly species as well as in species richness and abundance between the different ecotopes were investigated during both rainy and dry seasons over the course of the study period. Results A total of 8,046 sand flies belonging to 11 genera and 28 species were collected. Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia intermedia were the most abundant species in peridomicile areas, whereas Martinsmyia minasensis and Lutzomyia cavernicola were the most abundant species among the different trail ecotopes. Conclusion The different composition of the sand fly fauna observed in the peridomicile areas and in the trails during the study, reinforces the importance of sampled different areas in a phlebotomine fauna survey. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Ny. Intermedia most abundant in peridomicile can be important to Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis transmission in the Imbaúbas native village.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av, Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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93
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Aguiar GMD, de Azevedo ACR, Medeiros WMD, Alves JRC, Rendeiro V. Aspects of the ecology of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in an area of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurrence, municipality of Angra dos Reis, coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56:143-9. [PMID: 24626417 PMCID: PMC4085855 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a complete two-year period, phlebotomine specimens were caught in an
area of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurrence in the municipality of Angra dos Reis. A
manual suction tube was used to catch phlebotomines on house walls, and also light
traps in domestic and peridomestic settings and in the forest. This yielded 14,170
specimens of 13 species: two in the genus Brumptomyia and eleven in
the genus Lutzomyia. L. intermedia predominantly in
domestic and peridomestic settings, with little presence in the forest, with the same
trend being found in relation to L. migonei, thus proving that these
species have adapted to the human environment. L. fischeri appeared
to be eclectic regarding location, but was seen to be proportionally more endophilic.
L. intermedia and L. migonei were more numerous
in peridomestic settings, throughout the year, while L. fischeri was
more numerous in domestic settings except in March, April, May and September. From
the prevalence of L. intermedia, its proven anthropophily and
findings of this species naturally infected with Leishmania
(Viannia) braziliensis, it can be incriminated
as the main vector for this agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study area,
especially in the peridomestic environment. L. fischeri may be a
coadjuvant in carrying the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Marins de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, 21040-360Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Carlos Rodrigues de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - João Ricardo Carreira Alves
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, 21040-360Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rendeiro
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, 21040-360Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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94
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Carvalho BM, Maximo M, Costa WA, de Santana ALF, da Costa SM, da Costa Rego TAN, de Pita Pereira D, Rangel EF. Leishmaniasis transmission in an ecotourism area: potential vectors in Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:325. [PMID: 24499568 PMCID: PMC3833291 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The south coast of Rio de Janeiro State, in Brazil, is endemic for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases and is frequently visited by tourists from different parts of the world. Since the complex epidemiology of leishmaniases demands local studies, the goal of this study was to investigate the phlebotomine sand fly fauna and leishmaniases transmission in Ilha Grande, an ecotourism area of Angra dos Reis municipality. METHODS Sand fly fauna was sampled in three monitoring stations using HP light traps in domiciles, peridomiciles and forests. Species abundance was evaluated by the Index of Species Abundance. A Leishmania natural infection survey was done using multiplex PCR and dot blot hybridization. RESULTS During 15 consecutive months of sand fly monitoring, 1093 specimens from 16 species were captured. The potential leishmaniases vectors found were Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia, L. migonei, L. (N.) flaviscutellata, L. (Psychodopygus) ayrozai and L. (Lutzomyia) longipalpis. Five species were new records in Ilha Grande: L. (Sciopemyia) microps, L. termitophila, L. firmatoi, L. rupicola and L. (P.) ayrozai. Higher species richness was found inside forest areas, although potential leishmaniases vectors were present in deforested areas, peridomiciles and inside houses. Lutzomyia (N.) intermedia and L. migonei were the most abundant species. Females of L. migonei showed a high rate (10.3%) of natural infection by Leishmania (Viannia) sp., probably Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. CONCLUSIONS The detection of leishmaniases transmission and potential vectors in Ilha Grande is of public health concern, especially because tourists are frequently visiting the island. Besides reinforcing the epidemiological importance of L. (N.) intermedia in Rio de Janeiro State, the role of L. migonei in cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission is highlighted with its high rate of Leishmania natural infection. The finding of L. (L.) longipalpis confirmed the human autochthonous case of visceral leishmaniasis from the island. The presence of L. (N.) flaviscutellata in peridomestic areas is also an important finding, since the species is involved in the transmission of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Health education practices directed to the local community and tourists are important control actions that can be taken in Ilha Grande to reduce the burden of leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moreira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av, Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, 5° andar, sala 43 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brasil.
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95
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Kent AD, Dos Santos TV, Gangadin A, Samjhawan A, Mans DRA, Schallig HDFH. Studies on the sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in high-transmission areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Republic of Suriname. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:318. [PMID: 24499490 PMCID: PMC4029572 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the vectors of Leishmania parasites, the causative agents of leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an increasing public health problem in the Republic of Suriname and is mainly caused by Leishmania (Vianna) guyanensis, but L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (L.) amazonensis, and L. (V.) naiffi also infect humans. Transmission occurs predominantly in the forested hinterland of the country. Information regarding the potential vectors of leishmaniasis in Suriname is limited. This study aims to broaden the knowledge about vectors involved in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Suriname. For this purpose, sand flies were characterized in various foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the country, the districts of Para, Brokopondo, and Sipaliwini. METHODS Sand flies were collected in areas around mining plots and villages using CDC light traps in the period between February 2011 and March 2013. They were categorized by examination of the spermathecea (females) and the external genitalia (males). RESULTS A total of 2,743 sand fly specimens belonging to 34 different species were captured, including four species (Lutzomyia aragaoi, Lu. ayrozai, Lu. damascenoi, and Lu. sordellii) that had never before been described for Suriname. Five percent of the catch comprised Lu. squamiventris sensu lato, one female of which was positive with L. (V.) braziliensis and was captured in a gold mining area in Brokopondo. Other sand fly species found positive for Leishmania parasites were Lu. trichopyga, Lu. ininii, and Lu. umbratilis, comprising 32, 8, and 4%, respectively, of the catch. These were captured at gold mining areas in Brokopondo and Sipaliwini, but the Leishmania parasites they had ingested could not be identified due to insufficient amounts of DNA. CONCLUSIONS The sand fly fauna in Suriname is highly diverse and comprises Lutzomyia species capable of transmitting Leishmania parasites. Four new Lutzomyia species have been found, and four species - Lu. squamiventris (s.l.), Lu. trichopyga, Lu. ininii, and Lu. umbratilis - have been found to harbor Leishmania parasites. The latter were among the most abundant species captured. These observations may contribute to the understanding of leishmaniasis transmission and the development of control programs in Suriname.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida D Kent
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Kernkampweg 5, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | | | - Anielkoemar Gangadin
- National Zoological Collection of Suriname, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Ashok Samjhawan
- Department of Entomology, Public Health Service, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Dennis R A Mans
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Kernkampweg 5, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Henk D F H Schallig
- Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT)/Royal Tropical Institute, KIT Biomedical Research, Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kuhls K, Cupolillo E, Silva SO, Schweynoch C, Côrtes Boité M, Mello MN, Mauricio I, Miles M, Wirth T, Schönian G. Population structure and evidence for both clonality and recombination among Brazilian strains of the subgenus Leishmania (Viannia). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2490. [PMID: 24205418 PMCID: PMC3814519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Parasites of the subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) cause varying clinical symptoms ranging from cutaneous leishmaniases (CL) with single or few lesions, disseminated CL (DL) with multiple lesions to disfiguring forms of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). In this population genetics study, 37 strains of L. (V.) guyanensis, 63 of L. (V.) braziliensis, four of L. (V.) shawi, six of L. (V.) lainsoni, seven of L. (V.) naiffi, one each of L. (V.) utingensis and L. (V.) lindenbergi, and one L. (V.) lainsoni/L. naiffi hybrid from different endemic foci in Brazil were examined for variation at 15 hyper-variable microsatellite markers. Methodology/Principal findings: The multilocus microsatellite profiles obtained for the 120 strains were analysed using both model- and distance-based methods. Significant genetic diversity was observed for all L. (Viannia) strains studied. The two cluster analysis approaches identified two principal genetic groups or populations, one consisting of strains of L. (V.) guyanensis from the Amazon region and the other of strains of L. (V.) braziliensis isolated along the Atlantic coast of Brazil. A third group comprised a heterogeneous assembly of species, including other strains of L. braziliensis isolated from the north of Brazil, which were extremely polymorphic. The latter strains seemed to be more closely related to those of L. (V.) shawi, L. (V.) naiffi, and L. (V.) lainsoni, also isolated in northern Brazilian foci. The MLMT approach identified an epidemic clone consisting of 13 strains of L. braziliensis from Minas Gerais, but evidence for recombination was obtained for the populations of L. (V.) braziliensis from the Atlantic coast and for L. (V.) guyanensis. Conclusions/Significance: Different levels of recombination versus clonality seem to occur within the subgenus L. (Viannia). Though clearly departing from panmixia, sporadic, but long-term sustained recombination might explain the tremendous genetic diversity and limited population structure found for such L. (Viannia) strains. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) constitutes a significant public health problem in all federal states of Brazil. Most cases are caused by parasites of the subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) which can cause a variety of clinical symptoms ranging from single or few lesions, disseminated CL with multiple lesions, to disfiguring forms of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. This study has used a multilocus microsatellite typing approach for exploring the genetic diversity and population structure among 120 strains representing different subgenus L. (Viannia) species and different Brazilian CL foci. Genetic diversity within the subgenus was much higher than expected, especially within L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) shawi, L. (V.) naiffi, and L. (V.) lainsoni which were all from the north of Brazil. These strains could not be assigned to well-defined populations, but presented a rather loosely associated group. Strains of L. (V.) braziliensis isolated along the Atlantic coast of Brazil and strains of L. (V.) guyanensis formed, however, two clearly separated populations exhibiting remarkable levels of sexual exchange. The latter finding is in contrast to previous studies suggesting clonal modes of propagation or inbreeding for natural populations of Leishmania parasites and might explain the genetic heterogeneity and limited population structure for Brazilian strains of subgenus L. (Viannia) observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kuhls
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Cupolillo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soraia O. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carola Schweynoch
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariana Côrtes Boité
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria N. Mello
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabel Mauricio
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Miles
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Wirth
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département de Systématique et Évolution, UMR-CNRS 7205, Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Schönian
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Carvalho GMDL, Brazil RP, Ramos MCDNF, Serra e Meira PCL, Zenóbio APLDA, Botelho HA, Sanguinette CDC, Saraiva L, Andrade Filho JD. Ecological aspects of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a cave of the speleological province of Bambuí, Brazil. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77158. [PMID: 24130847 PMCID: PMC3793969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomines are invertebrate hosts of Leishmania genus species which are etiological agents of leishmaniases in humans and other mammals. Sandflies are often collected in entomological studies of caves both in the inner area and the adjacent environments. Caves are ecotypes clearly different from the external environment. Several caves have been opened to public visitation before any studies were performed and the places do not have scientific monitoring of the fauna, flora, geological and geographical characteristics. These events can lead to the loss of geological and biological information. Considering these aspects, this study aimed to describe the sand fly fauna, including the ecological features, in a limestone cave at the Speleological Province of Bambuí (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). A total of 8,354 specimens of sandflies belonging to 29 species were analyzed: Lutzomyia cavernicola (20%), Nyssomyia intermedia (15%), Martinsmyia oliveirai (13%), Evandromyia spelunca (12%), Evandromyia sallesi (11%), Migonemyia migonei (9%), Nyssomyia whitmani (9%), Sciopemyia sordellii (4%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (2%). The others species represent 5% of the total. This manuscript presents data found on richness, diversity, evenness and seasonality, comparing the sand fly fauna trapped in the cave and its surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Helbert Antônio Botelho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Saraiva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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98
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Vilela ML, Pita-Pereira DD, Azevedo CG, Godoy RE, Britto C, Rangel EF. The phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Guaraí, state of Tocantins, with an emphasis on the putative vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural settlement and periurban areas. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:578-85. [PMID: 23903972 PMCID: PMC3970607 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomine sandflies were captured in rural settlement and periurban areas of the municipality of Guaraí in the state of Tocantins (TO), an endemic area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Forty-three phlebotomine species were identified, nine of which have already been recognised as ACL vectors. Eleven species were recorded for the first time in TO. Nyssomyia whitmani was the most abundant species, followed by Evandromyia bourrouli, Nyssomyia antunesi and Psychodopygus complexus. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the evenness index were higher in the rural settlement area than in the periurban area. The evaluation of different ecotopes within the rural area showed the highest frequencies of Ev. bourrouli and Ny. antunesi in chicken coops, whereas Ny. whitmani predominated in this ecotope in the periurban area. In the rural settlement area, Ev. bourrouli was the most frequently captured species in automatic light traps and Ps. complexus was the most prevalent in Shannon trap captures. The rural settlement environment exhibited greater phlebotomine biodiversity than the periurban area. Ps. complexus and Psychodopygus ayrozai naturally infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were identified. The data identified Ny. whitmani as a potential ACL vector in the periurban area, whereas Ps. complexus was more prevalent in the rural environment associated with settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Luiz Vilela
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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99
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Santini MS, Gould IT, Acosta MM, Berrozpe P, Acardi SA, Fernandez MS, Gomez A, Salomon OD. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHLEBOTOMINAE IN PUERTO IGUAZU-MISIONES, ARGENTINA-BRAZIL-PARAGUAY BORDER AREA. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652013000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The first Argentinian autochthonous human case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was confirmed in Posadas (Misiones) in 2006. Since then, the disease has increased its incidence and geographical distribution. In the 2006-2012 period, 107 human cases were detected (11 deaths). The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis was detected in peridomiciles in Puerto Iguazú urban area in 2010; some of these findings were associated with households where cases of canine VL had already been reported. The objective of this study was to ascertain the abundance and spatial distribution of Lu. longipalpis in Puerto Iguazú City, on the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border. Lu. longipalpis proved to be exclusively urban and was found in 31% of the households sampled (n = 53), 67% of which belonged to areas of low abundance, 20% to areas of moderate abundance and 13% to areas of high abundance. Nyssomyia whitmani was the only species found both in urban and peri-urban environments, and Migonemyia migonei was registered only on the outskirts of the city. Due to the fact that Puerto Iguazú is considered to be at moderate risk at the moment, it is necessary to intensify human and canine case controls, as well as take integrated prevention and control measures regarding the environment, vectors and reservoirs on the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soledad Santini
- Administracion Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Argentina; Red de Investigacion de Leishmaniasis Argentina (REDILA)
| | - Ignacio Tomas Gould
- Administracion Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Argentina; Red de Investigacion de Leishmaniasis Argentina (REDILA)
| | - Mariana Manteca Acosta
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Argentina; Red de Investigacion de Leishmaniasis Argentina (REDILA)
| | - Pablo Berrozpe
- Administracion Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Argentina; Red de Investigacion de Leishmaniasis Argentina (REDILA)
| | - Soraya Alejandra Acardi
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Red de Investigacion de Leishmaniasis Argentina (REDILA); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
| | - Maria Soledad Fernandez
- Administracion Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Argentina; Red de Investigacion de Leishmaniasis Argentina (REDILA); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
| | | | - Oscar Daniel Salomon
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Argentina; Red de Investigacion de Leishmaniasis Argentina (REDILA); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
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100
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Maroli M, Feliciangeli MD, Bichaud L, Charrel RN, Gradoni L. Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 27:123-47. [PMID: 22924419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sandflies transmit pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. We review the roles of phlebotomines in the spreading of leishmaniases, sandfly fever, summer meningitis, vesicular stomatitis, Chandipura virus encephalitis and Carrión's disease. Among over 800 species of sandfly recorded, 98 are proven or suspected vectors of human leishmaniases; these include 42 Phlebotomus species in the Old World and 56 Lutzomyia species in the New World (all: Diptera: Psychodidae). Based on incrimination criteria, we provide an updated list of proven or suspected vector species by endemic country where data are available. Increases in sandfly diffusion and density resulting from increases in breeding sites and blood sources, and the interruption of vector control activities contribute to the spreading of leishmaniasis in the settings of human migration, deforestation, urbanization and conflict. In addition, climatic changes can be expected to affect the density and dispersion of sandflies. Phlebovirus infections and diseases are present in large areas of the Old World, especially in the Mediterranean subregion, in which virus diversity has proven to be higher than initially suspected. Vesiculovirus diseases are important to livestock and humans in the southeastern U.S.A. and Latin America, and represent emerging human threats in parts of India. Carrión's disease, formerly restricted to regions of elevated altitude in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, has shown recent expansion to non-endemic areas of the Amazon basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maroli
- Unit of Vector-Borne Diseases and International Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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