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Chen L, Yang T, Lu DW, Zhao H, Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Central role of dysregulation of TGF-β/Smad in CKD progression and potential targets of its treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Liu JW, Liu Y, Yan YM, Yang J, Lu XF, Cheng YX. Commiphoratones A and B, Two Sesquiterpene Dimers from Resina Commiphora. Org Lett 2018; 20:2220-2223. [PMID: 29582665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xi-Feng Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Song YY, Liu Y, Yan YM, Lu XF, Cheng YX. Phenolic Compounds from Belamcanda chinensis Seeds. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030580. [PMID: 29510567 PMCID: PMC6017503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new sucrose derivatives, namely, belamcanosides A (1) and B (2), together with five other known compounds (3−7), were isolated from the seeds of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. Their structures were identified based on spectroscopic data. Especially, the absolute configurations of fructose and glucose residues in 1 and 2 were assigned by acid hydrolysis, followed by derivatization and gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Among the known compounds, (−)-hopeaphenol (3), (+)-syringaresinol (4), and quercetin (5), were isolated from B. chinensis for the first time. In addition, biological evaluation of 1 and 2 against cholesterol synthesis and metabolism at the gene level was carried out. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 could regulate the expression of cholesterol synthesis and metabolism-associated genes, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), squalene epoxidase (SQLE), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and sortilin (SORT1) genes in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xi-Feng Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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Wang M, Chen DQ, Chen L, Liu D, Zhao H, Zhang ZH, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY, Cao G. Novel RAS Inhibitors Poricoic Acid ZG and Poricoic Acid ZH Attenuate Renal Fibrosis via a Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Targeted Phosphorylation of smad3 Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1828-1842. [PMID: 29383936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common end point of the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Suppressing the development and progression of renal fibrosis is essential in the treatment of kidney disease. Our previous study demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of the surface layer of Poria cocos exhibited beneficial antitubulointerstitial fibrosis. In this study, we isolated new diterpene (PZF) and triterpenes (PZG and PZH) and examined their antifibrotic effect. TGF-β1 upregulated the collagen I protein expression in HK-2 cells, and PZG and PZH treatment significantly inhibited the upregulated collagen I expression (TGF group 0.59 ± 0.08 vs TGF+PZG group 0.36 ± 0.08, P < 0.01; TGF+PZH group 0.39 ± 0.12, P < 0.01). Triterpenes, PZG and PZH, exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on renal fibrosis and podocyte injury than PZF. PZG and PZH further showed a stronger inhibitory effect on the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) than PZF. Additionally, PZG and PZH markedly inhibited the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which played an important role in fibrogenesis. Interestingly, PZG and PZH suppressed the TGF-β/Smad pathway by selectively inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad3 through blocking the interactions of SARA with TGFβI and Smad3. The analysis of the structure-activity relationship demonstrated that their antifibrotic effects were closely associated with the first six-membered ring structure and the number of carboxyl groups in this type of compounds. Additionally, fifteen known triterpenes were identified. These novel tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds provided the potential lead compounds for the research and development of antifibrosis drug, and they possessed the potential to be utilized as RAS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine , Irvine, California 92897, United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico , Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | | | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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Lv W, Booz GW, Wang Y, Fan F, Roman RJ. Inflammation and renal fibrosis: Recent developments on key signaling molecules as potential therapeutic targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:65-76. [PMID: 29229532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue. At the histological level, renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of progressive kidney disease irrespective of the initial injury. Considerable evidence now indicates that renal inflammation plays a central role in the initiation and progression of CKD. Some of the inflammatory signaling molecules involved in CKD include: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Multiple antifibrotic factors, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are also downregulated in CKD. Therefore, restoration of the proper balance between pro- and antifibrotic signaling pathways could serve as a guiding principle for the design of new antifibrotic strategies that simultaneously target many pathways. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing body of knowledge regarding activation of cytokine pathways and infiltration of inflammatory cells as a starting point for developing novel antifibrotic therapies to prevent progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Xu H, Li Q, Liu J, Zhu J, Li L, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Sun J, Wang R, Yi F. β-Arrestin-1 deficiency ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis by blocking Wnt1/β-catenin signaling in mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 96:97-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang CY, Zhu JY, Ye Y, Zhang M, Zhang LJ, Wang SJ, Song YN, Zhang H. Erhuang Formula ameliorates renal damage in adenine-induced chronic renal failure rats via inhibiting inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:520-528. [PMID: 28866419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Erhuang Formula (EHF) and explore its pharmacological mechanisms on adenine-induced chronic renal failure (CRF). MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds in EHF were analyzed by HPLC/MS. Adenine-induced CRF rats were administrated by EHF. The effects were evaluated by renal function examination and histology staining. Immunostaining of some proteins related cell adhesion was performedin renal tissues, including E-cadherin, β-catenin, fibronectin and laminin. The qRT-PCR was carried out determination of gene expression related inflammation and fibrosis including NF-κB, TNF-α, TGF-β1, α-SMA and osteopontin (OPN). RESULTS Ten compounds in EHF were identified including liquiritigenin, farnesene, vaccarin, pachymic acid, cycloastragenol, astilbin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptemthoxyflavone, physcion, emodin and curzerene. Abnormal renal function and histology had significant improvements by EHF treatment. The protein expression of β-catenin, fibronectin and laminin were significantly increased and the protein expression of E-cadherin significantly decreased in CRF groups. However, these protein expressions were restored to normal levels in EHF group. Furthermore, low expression of PPARγ and high expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, TGF-β1, α-SMA and OPN were substantially restored by EHF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS EHF ameliorated renal damage in adenine-induced CRF rats, and the mechanisms might involve in the inhibition of inflammatory and fibrotic responses and the regulation of PPARγ, NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, China.
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Song Y, Peng C, Lv S, Cheng J, Liu S, Wen Q, Guan G, Liu G. Adipose-derived stem cells ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis through inhibition of EMT and inflammatory response via TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 44:115-122. [PMID: 28092863 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been successfully used to treat acute kidney injury or acute renal failure. However, the effect of ADSCs on treating renal interstitial fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs on renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) and explored the potential mechanisms. After 7days of UUO, rats were injected with ADSCs (5×106) or vehicle via tail vein. We found that ADSCs administration significantly ameliorated renal interstitial fibrosis, the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory response. Furthermore, ADSCs administration could inhibit the activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway, which might play a crucial role in renal interstitial fibrosis of the UUO model rats. These results suggested that ADSCs treatment attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis possibly through inhibition of EMT and inflammatory response via TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Therefore, ADSCs may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shasha Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangju Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Zhou B, Mu J, Gong Y, Lu C, Zhao Y, He T, Qin Z. Brd4 inhibition attenuates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced fibrosis by blocking TGF-β-mediated Nox4 expression. Redox Biol 2016; 11:390-402. [PMID: 28063381 PMCID: PMC5219604 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering new therapeutic targets for renal fibrosis holds promise for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors have been shown to effectively ameliorate pathological fibrotic responses. However, the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of these inhibitors in renal fibrosis remain elusive. In this study, we determined that the inhibition of Brd4, a BET family member, with a selective potent chemical inhibitor, JQ1, could prevent the development of renal fibrosis and block the progression of fibrosis in rats that have undergone unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Inhibiting Brd4 with either JQ1 or genetic knockdown resulted in decreased expression of fibrotic genes such as α-smooth muscle actin, collagen IV and fibronectin both in UUO-induced fibrosis and upon TGF-β1 stimulation in HK-2 cells. Brd4 inhibition also suppressed the oxidative stress induced by UUO in vivo or by TGF-β1 in HK-2 cells. Moreover, Nox4, which is constitutively active in renal cells and is involved in the generation of hydrogen peroxide, was up-regulated during UUO-mediated fibrosis and induced by TGF-β1 in HK-2 cells, and this up-regulation could be blunted by Brd4 inhibition. Consistently, Nox4-mediated ROS generation and fibrotic gene expression were attenuated upon Brd4 inhibition. Further, the transcriptional activity of Nox4 was suppressed by JQ1 or siRNA against Brd4. Additionally, Smad3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which are upstream signals of Nox4 expression, were inhibited both in JQ1-administered UUO rats and Brd4-inhibited HK-2 cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that the inhibition of Brd4 might protect against renal fibrosis by blocking the TGF-β-Nox4-ROS-fibrosis axis, suggesting that Brd4 could be a promising therapeutic target. Brd4 was up-regulated in the progression of renal fibrosis. Brd4 inhibitor JQ1 prevented renal fibrosis and delayed the fibrotic progression. Brd4 inhibition blocked TGF-β1-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis through Nox4. Brd4 regulated Nox4 expression via Smad and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiao Mu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Caibao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Youguang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhexue Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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Dong L, Cheng LZ, Yan YM, Wang SM, Cheng YX. Commiphoranes A–D, Carbon Skeletal Terpenoids from Resina Commiphora. Org Lett 2016; 19:286-289. [PMID: 28029263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dong
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Li-Zhi Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
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Meng XM, Ren GL, Gao L, Li HD, Wu WF, Li XF, Xu T, Wang XF, Ma TT, Li Z, Huang C, Huang Y, Zhang L, Lv XW, Li J. Anti-fibrotic effect of wogonin in renal tubular epithelial cells via Smad3-dependent mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 789:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhou Z, Hu Z, Li M, Zhu F, Zhang H, Nie J, Ai J. QiShenYiQi Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Blocking the Activation of β-Catenin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162873. [PMID: 27636716 PMCID: PMC5026381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a worldwide problem. However, current treatment options are limited. In the current study we showed that QiShenYiQi (QSYQ), a water-ethanol extract from several Chinese medicines, is a potent inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis. QSYQ inhibited transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-responsive α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and fibronectin up-regulation in obstructive nephropathy and cultured cells. Administration of QSYQ also inhibited the established renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Interestingly, QSYQ selectively inhibited TGF-β1-induced β-catenin up-regulation and downstream gene transcription. Taken together, our study suggests that QSYQ selectively inhibits TGF-β1-induced β-catenin up-regulation and might have significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Cho JH, Ryu HM, Oh EJ, Yook JM, Ahn JS, Jung HY, Choi JY, Park SH, Kim YL, Kwak IS, Kim CD. Alpha1-Antitrypsin Attenuates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162186. [PMID: 27607429 PMCID: PMC5015906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through regulating the activity of serine proteinases. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of AAT against the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) mice and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. C57BL/6 mice with induced UUO were injected intraperitoneally with AAT (80 mg/Kg) or vehicle for 7 days. MDCK cells were treated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 48 hours to induce EMT, and co-treated with AAT (10 mg/mL) to inhibit the EMT. Masson’s trichrome and Sirius red staining was used to estimate the extent of renal fibrosis in UUO mice. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, fibronectin, collagen I, and E-cadherin in MDCK cells and kidney tissue were evaluated. Masson’s and Sirius red staining revealed that the area of renal fibrosis was significantly smaller in AAT treated UUO group compared with that of UUO and vehicle treated UUO groups. AAT treatment attenuated upregulation of Smad2/3 phosphorylation in UUO mouse model. Co-treatment of MDCK cells with TGF-β1 and AAT significantly attenuated the changes in the expression of α-SMA, vimentin, fibronectin, collagen I, and E-cadherin. AAT also decreased the phosphorylated Smad3 expression and the phosphorylated Smad3/Smad3 ratio in MDCK cells. AAT treatment inhibited EMT induced by TGF-β1 in MDCK cells and attenuated renal fibrosis in the UUO mouse model. The results of this work suggest that AAT could inhibit the process of EMT through the suppression of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ju-Min Yook
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ihm Soo Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- * E-mail: (CDK); (ISK)
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail: (CDK); (ISK)
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Wu H, Kong L, Tan Y, Epstein PN, Zeng J, Gu J, Liang G, Kong M, Chen X, Miao L, Cai L. C66 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in mice by both upregulating NRF2 function via increase in miR-200a and inhibiting miR-21. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1558-1568. [PMID: 27115417 PMCID: PMC5260795 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Previously we reported that C66, a novel analogue of curcumin with a very high bioavailability, ameliorated diabetic nephropathy in mice, with little known about the mechanism. The present study aimed to define the mechanism by which C66 ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Our aim was to discover whether C66 acts through the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2), which governs the antioxidant response. Streptozotocin-induced Nrf2 (also known as Nfe2l2)-knockout and wild-type (WT) diabetic mice were treated with C66. To determine whether the actions of C66 on NRF2 are mediated by microRNA (miR)-200a, WT diabetic mice were treated with C66 in the presence or absence of an in vivo miR-200a inhibitor (locked nucleic acid-modified anti-miR-200a [LNA-200a]) for 6 months. To determine whether miR-21 downregulation provided an NRF2-independent basis for C66 protection, Nrf2-knockout diabetic mice were treated with either C66 or an inhibitor of miR-21 (locked nucleic acid-modified anti-miR-21 [LNA-21]). RESULTS Deletion of Nrf2 partially abolished diabetic nephropathy protection by C66, confirming the requirement of NRF2 for this protection. Diabetic mice, but not C66-treated diabetic mice, developed significant albuminuria, renal oxidative damage and fibrosis. C66 upregulated renal miR-200a, inhibited kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and induced NRF2 function, effects that were prevented by LNA-200a. However, LNA-200a only partially reduced the protection afforded by C66, suggesting the existence of miR-200a/NRF2-independent mechanisms for C66 protection. C66 was also found to inhibit diabetes induction of miR-21. Both C66 and LNA-21 produced similar reductions in miR-21, albuminuria and renal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study indicates that in addition to upregulating NRF2 by increasing miR-200a, C66 also protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, People's Republic of China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul N Epstein
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jun Zeng
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Junlian Gu
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, SPHIS, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, 570 S Preston St, Baxter I., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu F, Liu W, Li T, Wan J, Tian J, Zhou Z, Li H, Liu Y, Hou FF, Nie J. Numb contributes to renal fibrosis by promoting tubular epithelial cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25604-19. [PMID: 27016419 PMCID: PMC5041930 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numb is a multifunctional protein involved in diverse cellular processes. However, the function of Numb in kidney remains unclear. Here, we reported that Numb is expressed in renal tubules and glomeruli in normal adult kidney. Numb expression was upregulated in fibrotic kidneys induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice as well as in human fibrotic kidney tissues. Numb overexpression in cultured proximal tubular cells increased the G2/M cell population and upregulated the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF. Whereas, proximal tubule Numb knockout (PEPCK-Numb-KO) mice showed reduced G2/M arrest, decreased expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF, and attenuated fibrotic lesions due to either UUO or unilateral ischemia reperfusion nephropathy. Inhibiting p53 activity by pifithrin-` dramatically mitigated Numb-induced G2/M arrest, indicating that Numb potentiates G2/M arrest via stabilizing p53 protein. Together, these data suggest that Numb is a potential target for anti-fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tang Li
- The VIP Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its downstream signalling pathways substantially limits renal fibrosis in a wide range of disease models whereas overexpression of TGF-β1 induces renal fibrosis. TGF-β1 can induce renal fibrosis via activation of both canonical (Smad-based) and non-canonical (non-Smad-based) signalling pathways, which result in activation of myofibroblasts, excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and inhibition of ECM degradation. The role of Smad proteins in the regulation of fibrosis is complex, with competing profibrotic and antifibrotic actions (including in the regulation of mesenchymal transitioning), and with complex interplay between TGF-β/Smads and other signalling pathways. Studies over the past 5 years have identified additional mechanisms that regulate the action of TGF-β1/Smad signalling in fibrosis, including short and long noncoding RNA molecules and epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone proteins. Although direct targeting of TGF-β1 is unlikely to yield a viable antifibrotic therapy due to the involvement of TGF-β1 in other processes, greater understanding of the various pathways by which TGF-β1 controls fibrosis has identified alternative targets for the development of novel therapeutics to halt this most damaging process in CKD.
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Meng XM, Zhang Y, Huang XR, Ren GL, Li J, Lan HY. Treatment of renal fibrosis by rebalancing TGF-β/Smad signaling with the combination of asiatic acid and naringenin. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36984-97. [PMID: 26474462 PMCID: PMC4741910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that imbalance of TGF-β/Smad signaling with over-activation of Smad3 but lower levels of Smad7 is a central mechanism of tissue fibrosis. In the present study, we report here that inhibition of Smad3 with naringenin (NG) and upregulation of Smad7 with asiatic acid (AA) produced an additive effect on inhibition of renal fibrosis in a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy. We found that AA, a triterpene from Centella Asiatica, functioned as a Smad7 agonist and suppressed TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis by inducing Smad7. Whereas, NG, a flavonoid from grapefruits and citrus fruits, was a Smad3 inhibitor that inhibited renal fibrosis by blocking Smad3 phosphorylation and transcription. The combination of AA and NG produced an additive effect on inhibition of renal fibrosis by blocking Smad3 while upregulating Smad7. Thus, rebalancing the disorder of TGF-β/Smad signaling by treatment with AA and NG may represent as a novel and effective therapy for chronic kidney disease associated with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ming Meng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, An Hui, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Dermatology, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gui-ling Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, An Hui, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, An Hui, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Meng XM, Tang PMK, Li J, Lan HY. TGF-β/Smad signaling in renal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2015; 6:82. [PMID: 25852569 PMCID: PMC4365692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is well identified as a central mediator in renal fibrosis. TGF-β initiates canonical and non-canonical pathways to exert multiple biological effects. Among them, Smad signaling is recognized as a major pathway of TGF-β signaling in progressive renal fibrosis. During fibrogenesis, Smad3 is highly activated, which is associated with the down-regulation of an inhibitory Smad7 via an ubiquitin E3-ligases-dependent degradation mechanism. The equilibrium shift between Smad3 and Smad7 leads to accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts, overproduction of ECM (extracellular matrix), and reduction in ECM degradation in the diseased kidney. Therefore, overexpression of Smad7 has been shown to be a therapeutic agent for renal fibrosis in various models of kidney diseases. In contrast, another downstream effecter of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, Smad2, exerts its renal protective role by counter-regulating the Smad3. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrated that Smad3 mediates renal fibrosis by down-regulating miR-29 and miR-200 but up-regulating miR-21 and miR-192. Thus, overexpression of miR-29 and miR-200 or down-regulation of miR-21 and miR-192 is capable of attenuating Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis in various mouse models of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Taken together, TGF-β/Smad signaling plays an important role in renal fibrosis. Targeting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling may represent a specific and effective therapy for CKD associated with renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University Hefei, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China ; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, China
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Luo Q, Tian L, Di L, Yan YM, Wei XY, Wang XF, Cheng YX. (±)-Sinensilactam A, a pair of rare hybrid metabolites with Smad3 phosphorylation inhibition from Ganoderma sinensis. Org Lett 2015; 17:1565-8. [PMID: 25746838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
(+)- and (-)-Sinensilactam A (1), novel hybrid metabolites possessing a unique 2H-pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazin-6(7H)-one ring system, were isolated from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma sinensis. The structures of these substances and absolute configurations at their stereocenters were assigned using spectroscopic and computational methods along with X-ray crystallographic analysis. A plausible pathway for the biosynthesis of 1 is proposed. (-)-1 was found to be a Smad3 phosphorylation inhibitor in TGF-β1 induced human renal proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- †State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.,§University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tian
- †State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.,‡Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, P. R. China
| | - Lei Di
- †State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- †State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.,§University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wei
- ∥Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Fang Wang
- †State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- †State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.,‡Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, P. R. China
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Luo Q, Di L, Dai WF, Lu Q, Yan YM, Yang ZL, Li RT, Cheng YX. Applanatumin A, a new dimeric meroterpenoid from Ganoderma applanatum that displays potent antifibrotic activity. Org Lett 2015; 17:1110-3. [PMID: 25706347 DOI: 10.1021/ol503610b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Applanatumin A (1), a novel meroterpenoid dimer, was isolated from the fungus Ganoderma applanatum. Its structure and absolute configuration were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic and computational data. Notably, 1 possesses a new hexacyclic skeleton containing a spiro[benzofuran-2,1'-cyclopentane] motif. A plausible pathway, involving a key Diels-Alder reaction, is proposed for the biosynthesis of 1. Applanatumin A exhibits potent antifibrotic activity in TGF-β1-induced human renal proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany and ∥Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, P. R. China
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