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Exosomes: Multiple-targeted multifunctional biological nanoparticles in the diagnosis, drug delivery, and imaging of cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110442. [PMID: 32593129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological nanoparticles (30-150 nm) secreted in the extracellular area from all of cells, that mediate intercellular message. Exosomes act as the carriers for numerous proteins, DNAs, RNAs and cell-signaling molecules. Therefore, exosomes secreted by the tumor cells are useful for diagnostic purposes because of their persistent presence in the blood and their provision of genetic cargo similar to those in tumor. Due to the risks of aggressive activity and ambiguity of biological activity in other tissues, the use of exosomes in drug delivery and imaging has been limited. However, their high loading, stability and longer circulation time, excellent targeting, high cell penetration performance, and optimal biodegradability have made them potential agents in targeted cancer treatment. Therefore, in addition to examining methods for isolating and loading exosomes, this paper discusses the applications of exosomes in biological measurement, imaging, and therapeutic activities. Also, this review describes the challenges of using exosomes compared to conventional methods and shows that it is very useful to use them due to less aggressive activities. Finally, this review attempts to provide an appropriate incentive by showing the performance of exosomes in cancer therapy through targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, imaging and diagnosis.
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Binetti M, Lauro A, Vaccari S, Cervellera M, Tonini V. Proteogenomic biomarkers in colorectal cancers: clinical applications. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:355-363. [PMID: 32536221 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1782202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers in terms of incidence and mortality, rate requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The discovery of specific CRC biomarkers has caused a paradigm shift in its clinical management. AREAS COVERED The aim is to illustrate the possible clinical applications of CRC biomarkers through an updated literature review (from 2015 to 2020) based on the PubMed database. A relationship between cancer localization and genetic profile has been identified. Nowadays, the tumor markers are largely used to select patients that could really benefit from a specific type of adjuvant therapy, in order to optimize treatment programs, especially in metastatic patients. This review highlights both CRC biomarkers' advantages and critical issues. EXPERT OPINION New biomarker discoveries allow to set noninvasive tests that could increase patient's compliance with therapy. They also permit a cost-effective early diagnosis, as well as patient-tailored treatments, improving the overall survival. The CRC biomarkers could also have a prognostic value, and usually, they are included in follow-up programs. However, despite the continuous progression of new technologies, their clinical validation is still debated. In this context, additional clinical studies are still necessary to identify, among potential markers, the most effective ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Augusto Lauro
- Emergency Surgery Unit, St. Orsola University Hospital , Bologna, Italy
| | - Samuele Vaccari
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Umberto I University Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Tonini
- Emergency Surgery Unit, St. Orsola University Hospital , Bologna, Italy
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Current and New Predictors for Treatment Response in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. The Role of Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062089. [PMID: 32197436 PMCID: PMC7139554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. More than half of all CRC patients will eventually develop metastases and require treatment accordingly, but few validated predictive factors for response to systemic treatments exist. In order to ascertain which patients benefit from specific treatments, there is a strong need for new and reliable biomarkers. We conducted a comprehensive search using the PUBMED database, up to December 2019, in order to identify relevant studies on predictive biomarkers for treatment response in metastatic CRC. We will herein present the currently used and potential biomarkers for treatment response and bring up-to-date knowledge on the role of circulating microRNAs, associated with chemotherapy and targeted therapy regimens used in metastatic CRC treatment. Molecular, tumor-related, disease-related, clinical, and laboratory predictive markers for treatment response were identified, mostly proposed, with few validated. Several circulating microRNAs have already proven their role of prediction for treatment response in CRC, but future clinical studies are needed to confirm their role as biomarkers across large cohorts of patients.
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Gaur V, Chaudhary S, Tyagi A, Agarwal S, Sharawat SK, Sarkar S, Singh H, Bakhshi S, Sharma P, Kumar S. Dysregulation of miRNA expression and their prognostic significance in paediatric cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2020; 188:e90-e94. [PMID: 32077100 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Gaur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anudishi Tyagi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suyash Agarwal
- ICMR Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.,Informatics, Systems and Research Management, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender K Sharawat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddik Sarkar
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- ICMR Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.,Informatics, Systems and Research Management, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Baassiri A, Nassar F, Mukherji D, Shamseddine A, Nasr R, Temraz S. Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041398. [PMID: 32092975 PMCID: PMC7073025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate, especially in those that are diagnosed in late stages of the disease. The current screening blood-based markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), have low sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, other modalities are either expensive or invasive. Therefore, recent research has shifted towards a minimally invasive test, namely, liquid biopsy. Exosomes are favorable molecules sought in blood samples, since they are abundant, stable in circulation, and harbor genetic information and other biomolecules that could serve as biomarkers or even therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exosomal noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, have demonstrated the diagnostic potential to detect CRC at an early stage with a higher sensitivity and specificity than CEA and CA19-9 alone. Moreover, they have prognostic potential that is TNM stage specific and could serve as predictive biomarkers for the most common chemotherapeutic drug and combination regimen in CRC, which are 5-FU and FOLFOX, respectively. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of these exosomal noncoding RNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. In addition, we discuss the advantages and challenges of exosomes as a liquid biopsy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Baassiri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Farah Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (F.N.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (F.N.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (F.N.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (S.T.); Tel.: +96-1135-000 (ext. 4812) (R.N.); +96-1137-4374 (S.T.)
| | - Sally Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (F.N.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (S.T.); Tel.: +96-1135-000 (ext. 4812) (R.N.); +96-1137-4374 (S.T.)
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Hon KW, Othman N, Hanif EAM, Nasir SN, Razak NSA, Jamal R, Abu N. Predictive biomarkers of drug resistance in colorectal cancer—Recent updates. DRUG RESISTANCE IN COLORECTAL CANCER: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES 2020:135-151. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819937-4.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Angioregulatory microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010071. [PMID: 31887997 PMCID: PMC7016698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Angiogenesis is a rate-determining step in CRC development and metastasis. The balance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors is crucial in this process. Angiogenesis-related genes can be regulated post-transcriptionally by microRNAs (miRNAs) and some miRNAs have been shown to shuttle between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). MiRNAs have context-dependent actions and can promote or suppress angiogenesis dependent on the type of cancer. On the one hand, miRNAs downregulate anti-angiogenic targets and lead to angiogenesis induction. Tumor suppressor miRNAs, on the other hand, enhance anti-angiogenic response by targeting pro-angiogenic factors. Understanding the interaction between these miRNAs and their target mRNAs will help to unravel molecular mechanisms involved in CRC progression. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on angioregulatory miRNAs in CRC.
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Early Colorectal Cancer-A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010052. [PMID: 31878015 PMCID: PMC7016718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the developed world, with global deaths expected to double in the next decade. Disease stage at diagnosis is the single greatest prognostic indicator for long-term survival. Unfortunately, early stage CRC is often asymptomatic and diagnosis frequently occurs at an advanced stage, where long-term survival can be as low as 14%. Circulating microRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently come to prominence as novel diagnostic markers for cancer. EV-miRNAs are dysregulated in the circulation of CRC patients compared to healthy controls, and several specific miRNA candidates have been posited as diagnostic markers, including miR-21, miR-23a, miR-1246, and miR-92a. This review outlines the current landscape of EV-miRNAs as potential diagnostic markers for CRC, with a specific focus on those able to detect early stage disease.
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59
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Chen L, Han Y, Li Y, Chen B, Bai X, Belguise K, Wang X, Chen Y, Yi B, Lu K. Hepatocyte-derived exosomal MiR-194 activates PMVECs and promotes angiogenesis in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:853. [PMID: 31700002 PMCID: PMC6838168 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious vascular complication in the setting of liver disease. Factors produced by the liver are essential to regulate pulmonary angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of HPS; however, the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary angiogenesis are not fully understood. We investigated the role of HPS rat serum exosomes (HEs) and sham-operated rat serum exosomes (SEs) in the regulation of angiogenesis. We found that HEs significantly enhance PMVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. We further identified miR-194 was the most notably increased miRNA in HEs compared to SEs. Once released, hepatocyte-derived exosomal miR-194 was internalized by PMVECs, leading to the promotion of PMVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation through direct targeting of THBS1, STAT1, and LIF. Importantly, the pathogenic role of exosomal miR-194 in initiating angiogenesis was reversed by P53 inhibition, exosome secretion inhibition or miR-194 inhibition. Additionally, high levels of miR-194 were found in serum exosomes and were positively correlated with P(A-a)O2 in HPS patients and rats. Thus, our results highlight that the exosome/miR-194 axis plays a critical pathologic role in pulmonary angiogenesis, representing a new therapeutic target for HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehong Bai
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Karine Belguise
- LBCMCP, ×tégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- LBCMCP, ×tégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Kaizhi Lu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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60
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Yue X, Lan F, Xia T. Hypoxic Glioma Cell-Secreted Exosomal miR-301a Activates Wnt/β-catenin Signaling and Promotes Radiation Resistance by Targeting TCEAL7. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1939-1949. [PMID: 31402274 PMCID: PMC6838947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) can be released to the extracellular microenvironment and mediate cell-cell communication through exosomes. The aim of this study was to identify exosomal miR-301a (exo-miR-301a) involved in glioblastoma (GBM) radioresistance and reveal the possible mechanisms. The exo-miR-301a specifically secreted by hypoxic GBM cells could transfer to corresponding normoxia-cultured cells and promote radiation resistance. Hypoxic exo-miR-301a directly targeted TCEAL7 genes, which were identified as a tumor suppressor in GBM malignancy and actively repressed its' expression in normoxic glioma cells. Our studies indicated that TCEAL7 negatively regulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by blocking β-catenin translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. Interestingly, we clarified that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated by miR-301a and TCEAL7 mediated the important procession. The exo-miR-301a was involved in the resistance to radiotherapy, and the effects would be reversed by miR-301a inhibition or TCEAL7 overexpression to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin axis. Here we show that exo-miR-301a, which is characteristically expressed and secreted by hypoxic glioma cells, is a potent regulator of Wnt/β-catenin and then depresses radiation sensitivity through targeting anti-oncogene TCEAL7. The newly identified exo-miR-301a/TCEAL7-signaling axis could present a novel target for cellular resistance to cancer therapeutic radiation in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yue
- Department of Neorosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University (Clinical College), ChenZhou, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Fengming Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, P.R. China.
| | - Tingyi Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA Airforce General Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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61
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Avgeris M, Panoutsopoulou K, Papadimitriou MA, Scorilas A. Circulating exosomal miRNAs: clinical significance in human cancers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:979-995. [PMID: 31594418 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1673732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The identification of novel noninvasive biomarkers to ameliorate early-diagnosis, and disease prognosis, as well as to support personalized treatment and monitoring decisions is of first clinical priority for cancer patients' care. Exosomes are natural endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication and tumor progression. Considering that deregulated miRNA levels have been described in numerous human malignancies and that tumor-derived exosomes reflect miRNA expression of donor tumor cells, the evaluation of exosome-derived circulating miRNAs (exomiRs) may offer a new promising class of noninvasive molecular markers to improve patients' management and quality-of-life. Areas covered: In the current review we have summarized the existing knowledge on the clinical relevance of circulating exosomal miRNAs in improving cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and thus supporting personalized patients' management Expert commentary: Cancer research has highlighted the abundance of exomiRs in patients' plasma and serum samples, as well as their biomarker capabilities in the vast majority of human malignancies studied so far. Their analytical stability constitutes exomiRs ideal molecular markers to overcome numerous limitations of cancer clinical management, while future large-scale studies should unveil exomiRs translational utility in modern cancer molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Konstantina Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria-Alexandra Papadimitriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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62
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Exosomal miRNA: Small Molecules, Big Impact in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8585276. [PMID: 31737071 PMCID: PMC6815599 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8585276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many cell types including stromal cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells. The TME modulation explains the heterogeneity of response to therapy observed in patients. In this context, exosomes are emerging as major contributors in cancer biology. Indeed, exosomes are implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and premetastatic niche formation. They contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs. More recently, many studies on exosomes have focused on miRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules able to influence protein expression. In this review, we describe miRNAs transported by exosomes in the context of CRC and discuss their influence on TME and their potential as circulating biomarkers. This overview underlines emerging roles for exosomal miRNAs in cancer research for the near future.
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63
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Wang ZX, Deng TX, Ma Z. Identification of a 4-miRNA signature as a potential prognostic biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16416-16426. [PMID: 31297864 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An microRNA (miRNA) signature to predict the clinical outcome of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is still lacking. In the current study, we aimed at identifying and evaluating a prognostic miRNA signature for patients with PAAD. The miRNA expression profile and the clinical information regarding patients with PAAD were recruited from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between normal and tumor samples. By means of survival analysis, a 4-miRNA signature for predicting patients' with PAAD overall survival (OS) was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine the efficiency of survival prediction. Furthermore, the biological function of the predicted miRNAs was evaluated using a bioinformatics approach. Four (hsa-mir-126, hsa-mir-3613, hsa-mir-424, and hsa-mir-4772) out of 17 differentially expressed miRNAs were associated to the OS of patients with PAAD. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of the constructed 4-miRNA signature associated to patients' with PAAD 2-year survival was 0.789. The multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression model suggested that this 4-miRNA signature was an independent prognostic factor of other clinical parameters in patients with PAAD. Further pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the miRNAs in the 4-miRNA signature might regulate genes that affect focal adhesion, Wnt signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Thus, these findings indicated that the 4-miRNA signature might be an effective independent prognostic biomarker in the prediction of PAAD patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tong-Xing Deng
- Department of Anatomy, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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64
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Barchitta M, Maugeri A, Li Destri G, Basile G, Agodi A. Epigenetic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153842. [PMID: 31390840 PMCID: PMC6696286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third-most common cancer worldwide and one of the main challenges for public health. Despite great strides in the application of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies for rectal and colon cancer patients, each of these treatments is still associated with certain adverse effects and different response rates. Thus, there is an urgent need for identifying novel potential biomarkers that might guide personalized treatments for specific subgroups of patients. However, until now, there are no biomarkers to predict the manifestation of adverse effects and the response to treatment in CRC patients. Herein, we provide a systematic review of epidemiological studies investigating epigenetic biomarkers in CRC patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, and their potential role for the prediction of outcomes and response to treatment. With this aim in mind, we identified several epigenetic markers in CRC patients who received surgery with adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. However, none of them currently has the robustness to be translated into the clinical setting. Thus, more efforts and further large-size prospective studies and/or trials should be encouraged to develop epigenetic biomarker panels for personalized prevention and medicine in CRC cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Destri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Guido Basile
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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65
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The emerging role of noncoding RNAs in colorectal cancer chemoresistance. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:757-768. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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66
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Khawar MB, Abbasi MH, Siddique Z, Arif A, Sheikh N. An Update on Novel Therapeutic Warfronts of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Cancer Treatment: Where We Are Standing Right Now and Where to Go in the Future. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9702562. [PMID: 31428232 PMCID: PMC6683766 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9702562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-bounded vesicles that are believed to be produced and secreted by presumably all cell types under physiological and pathological conditions, including tumors. EVs are very important vehicles in intercellular communications for both shorter and longer distances and are able to deliver a wide range of cargos including proteins, lipids, and various species of nucleic acids effectively. EVs have been emerging as a novel biotherapeutic platform to efficiently deliver therapeutic cargos to treat a broad range of diseases including cancer. This vast potential of drug delivery lies in their abilities to carry a variety of cargos and their ease in crossing the biological membranes. Similarly, their presence in a variety of body fluids makes them a potential biomarker for early diagnosis, prognostication, and surveillance of cancer. Here, we discuss the relatively least and understudied aspects of EV biology and tried to highlight the obstacles and limitations in their clinical applications and also described most of the new warfronts to beat cancer at multiple stages. However, much more challenges still remain to evaluate EV-based therapeutics, and we are very much hopeful that the current work prompts further discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muddasir Hassan Abbasi
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Zerwa Siddique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amin Arif
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rapado-González Ó, Álvarez-Castro A, López-López R, Iglesias-Canle J, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM, Muinelo-Romay L. Circulating microRNAs as Promising Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070898. [PMID: 31252648 PMCID: PMC6679000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite numerous advances in therapeutic approaches, this cancer has a poor prognosis when it is diagnosed at late stages. Therefore, the scientific effort is nowadays directed towards the development of new non-invasive and dynamic biomarkers to improve the survival expectancy of CRC patients. In this sense, deregulated expression of many miRNAs has been shown to play an important role for CRC carcinogenesis and dissemination. Noticeably, an increasing number of studies highlight that circulating miRNAs, including those traveling inside exosomes or those released by tumor cells into circulation, constitute a promising tool for early detection, prognosis and therapy selection of CRC. Therefore, in this review we focus on the clinical potential of blood circulating miRNAs as emerging biomarkers with high value to improve the clinical management of CRC patients, providing a deep and complete perspective of the realities and challenges to translate these biomarkers to the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Castro
- Medical Digestive Service, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Foundation Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Iglesias-Canle
- Medical Digestive Service, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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68
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Siveen KS, Raza A, Ahmed EI, Khan AQ, Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Mateo JM, Zayed H, Rasul K, Azizi F, Dermime S, Steinhoff M, Uddin S. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of the Tumor Microenvironment, Metastasis and Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060746. [PMID: 31146452 PMCID: PMC6628238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. A number of factors including modulation of the tumor microenvironment, high metastatic capability, and resistance to treatment have been associated with CRC disease progression. Recent studies have documented that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in intercellular communication in CRC via transfer of cargo lipids, proteins, DNA and RNAs to the recipient tumor cells. This transfer influences a number of immune-related pathways leading to activation/differentiation/expression of immune cells and modulation of the tumor microenvironment that plays a significant role in CRC progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, tumor-derived EVs are secreted in large amounts in biological fluids of CRC patients and as such the expression analysis of EV cargoes have been associated with prognosis or response to therapy and may be a source of therapeutic targets. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the role of EVs in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and its effects on CRC progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. On the other hand, the potential role of CRC derived EVs as a source of biomarkers of response and therapeutic targets will be discussed in detail to understand the dynamic role of EVs in CRC diagnosis, treatment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Eiman I Ahmed
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Jericha M Mateo
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Kakil Rasul
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Fouad Azizi
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
- Department of Dermatology Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell-Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 24811, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
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69
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Emerging Function and Clinical Values of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:791-804. [PMID: 31163321 PMCID: PMC6545365 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of membrane-bound extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 100 nm. Exosomes enclose a variety of molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and non-coding RNAs. In the past decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted great attention in cancer research, as they play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Increasing evidence indicates that tumor cells communicate with not only other tumor cells but also cells present in the tumor microenvironment via secretion and transfer of exosomal miRNAs. More importantly, exosomal miRNAs are found to serve as signaling molecules to regulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and immune evasion. Deregulated expression of exosomal miRNAs is an early event in carcinogenesis and may reflect the malignant characteristics of cancer. Owing to the wide existence and high stability of exosomal miRNAs in body fluids, they may represent a novel class of non-invasive biomarkers for cancer. In this review, we highlight the recent advances on the functional role of exosomal miRNAs in cancer pathogenesis. We also discuss the potential clinical utility of exosome-shuttled miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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70
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Zhou J, Guo H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Liu H. A meta-analysis on the prognosis of exosomal miRNAs in all solid tumor patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15335. [PMID: 31008992 PMCID: PMC6494361 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the encapsulated miRNAs from exosomes are potential biomarkers of tumors prognosis. Yet, the results are controversial, so it is obliged to do a meta-analysis to reach a definite conclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were searched for published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases until April 20, 2018. A meta-analysis was conducted to appraise the role of exosomal miRNAs in prognosis of cancer patients. RESULTS The different exosomal miRNAs expression was remarkably related to overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.84-2.21) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.86-3.17) of cancer patients. High exosomal miR-21 expression was associated with poor OS (HR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.71-3.90) and DFS (HR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.37-2.47). High exosomal miR-451a expression was associated with poor OS (HR = 4.81; 95% CI: 2.33-9.93) and DFS (HR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.62-4.31). High exosomal miR-1290 expression was associated with poor OS (HR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.29-2.33). Low exosomal miR-638 expression was associated with poor OS (HR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.46-3.46). CONCLUSION The expression levels of exosomal miRNAs, particularly miR-21, miR-451a, miR-1290, and miR-638 could strongly predict prognosis of solid tumor patients and might be a potential target for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China
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71
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Weston WW, Ganey T, Temple HT. The Relationship between Exosomes and Cancer: Implications for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. BioDrugs 2019; 33:137-158. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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72
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The Developing Story of Predictive Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. J Pers Med 2019; 9:jpm9010012. [PMID: 30736475 PMCID: PMC6463186 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Surgery remains the most important treatment for non-metastatic CRC, and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy depends mainly on the disease stage, which is still the strongest prognostic factor. A refined understanding of the genomics of CRC has recently been achieved thanks to the widespread use of next generation sequencing with potential future therapeutic implications. Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been suggested as a predictive marker for response to anti-programmed-cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy in solid tumors, including CRC. It should be noted that not all cancers with MSI phenotype respond to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, highlighting the urgent need for even better predictive biomarkers. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway genes KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF represent important molecular targets and could serve as independent prognostic biomarkers in CRC, and identify those who potentially benefit from anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment. Emerging evidence has attributed a significant role to inflammatory markers including blood cell ratios in the prognosis and survival of CRC patients; these biomarkers can be easily assessed in routine blood exams and be used to identify high-risk patients or those more likely to benefit from chemotherapy, targeted therapies and potentially immunotherapy. Analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTC) and/or micro RNAs (miRNAs) could provide useful information for the early diagnosis of CRC, the identification of minimal residual disease and, the evaluation of the risk of recurrence in early CRC patients. Even the selection of patients suitable for the new targeted therapy is becoming possible with the use of predictive miRNA biomarkers. Finally, the development of treatment resistance with the emergence of chemo-resistance clones after treatment remains the most important challenge in the clinical practice. In this context it is crucial to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets which could lead to development of new and more effective treatments.
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73
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Cheshomi H, Matin MM. Exosomes and their importance in metastasis, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2671-2686. [PMID: 30246315 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are known as actual intermediaries of intercellular communications, such as biological signals and cargo transfer between different cells. A variety of cells release the exosomes as nanovesicular bodies. Exosomes contain different compounds such as several types of nucleic acids and proteins. In this study, we focused on exosomes in colorectal cancer as good tools that can be involved in various cancer-related processes. Furthermore, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of exosome extraction methods and review related studies on the role of exosomes in colorectal cancer. Finally, we focus on reports available on relations between mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and colorectal cancer. Several cancer-related processes such as cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer are related to the cargoes of exosomes. A variety of molecules, especially proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, play important roles in these processes. The microenvironment features, such as hypoxia, also have very important effects on the properties of the origin cell-derived exosomes. On the other hand, exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cells also interfere with cancer chemoresistance. Furthermore, today it is known that exosomes and their contents can likely be very effective in noninvasive colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy. Thus, exosomes, and especially their cargoes, play different key roles in various aspects of basic and clinical research related to both progression and therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Cheshomi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Chen B, Xia Z, Deng YN, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhu H, Xu N, Liang S. Emerging microRNA biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Open Biol 2019; 9:180212. [PMID: 30958116 PMCID: PMC6367136 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one abundant class of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which regulate various biological processes by inhibiting expression of target genes. miRNAs have important functional roles in carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and emerging evidence has indicated the feasibility of miRNAs as robust cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the progress in miRNA-related research, including study of its oncogene or tumour-suppressor roles and the advantages of miRNA biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, treatment and recurrence prediction. Along with analytical technique improvements in miRNA research, use of the emerging extracellular miRNAs is feasible for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Eastern Road, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Wong CH, Chen YC. Clinical significance of exosomes as potential biomarkers in cancer. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:171-190. [PMID: 30705894 PMCID: PMC6354096 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are microvesicles, measuring 30-100 nm in diameter. They are widely distributed in body fluids, including blood, bile, urine and saliva. Cancer-derived exosomes carry a wide variety of DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids, and may serve as novel biomarkers in cancer.
AIM To summarize the performance of exosomal biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
METHODS Relevant publications in the literature were identified by search of the “PubMed” database up to September 11, 2018. The quality of the included studies was assessed by QUADAS-2 and REMARK. For assessment of diagnostic biomarkers, 47 biomarkers and 2240 patients from 30 studies were included.
RESULTS Our results suggested that these exosomal biomarkers had excellent diagnostic ability in various types of cancer, with good sensitivity and specificity. For assessment of prognostic markers, 50 biomarkers and 4797 patients from 42 studies were included. We observed that exosomal biomarkers had prognostic values in overall survival, disease-free survival and recurrence-free survival.
CONCLUSION Exosomes can function as potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hin Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang-Chao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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76
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Kalishwaralal K, Kwon WY, Park KS. Exosomes for Non-Invasive Cancer Monitoring. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800430. [PMID: 30358137 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, membrane-bound phospholipid vesicles having diameters of 50-200 nm, are secreted by all cell types and circulate in human body fluids. These vesicles are known to carry cellular constituents that are specific to the originating cells (e.g., cytoplasmic/membrane proteins, RNA, and DNA). Thus, exosomes, which are both structurally stable and abundant, are robust indicators of cancers and, as a result, they have been utilized to monitor this disease in a manner that is less invasive than gold standard tissue biopsies. In this review, the history of exosomes and the specific biomarkers present in exosomes that enable accurate monitoring of various diseases are described. In addition, methods for analysis of exosomes and identification of biomarkers are presented with special emphasis being given to isolation and signaling strategies. Lastly, integrated, microfluidic systems developed for exosome-based cancer diagnosis are described and future directions that research in this area will likely take are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalimuthu Kalishwaralal
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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Finotti A, Allegretti M, Gasparello J, Giacomini P, Spandidos DA, Spoto G, Gambari R. Liquid biopsy and PCR-free ultrasensitive detection systems in oncology (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1395-1434. [PMID: 30085333 PMCID: PMC6086621 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In oncology, liquid biopsy is used in the detection of next-generation analytes, such as tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids and exosomes in peripheral blood and other body fluids from cancer patients. It is considered one of the most advanced non-invasive diagnostic systems to enable clinically relevant actions and implement precision medicine. Medical actions include, but are not limited to, early diagnosis, staging, prognosis, anticipation (lead time) and the prediction of therapy responses, as well as follow-up. Historically, the applications of liquid biopsy in cancer have focused on circulating tumor cells (CTCs). More recently, this analysis has been extended to circulating free DNA (cfDNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) associated with cancer, with potential applications for development into multi-marker diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic signatures. Liquid biopsies avoid some key limitations of conventional tumor tissue biopsies, including invasive tumor sampling, under-representation of tumor heterogeneity and poor description of clonal evolution during metastatic dissemination, strongly reducing the need for multiple sampling. On the other hand, this approach suffers from important drawbacks, i.e., the fragmentation of cfDNA, the instability of RNA, the low concentrations of certain analytes in body fluids and the confounding presence of normal, as well as aberrant DNAs and RNAs. For these reasons, the analysis of cfDNA has been mostly focused on mutations arising in, and pathognomonicity of, tumor DNA, while the analysis of cfRNA has been mostly focused on miRNA patterns strongly associated with neoplastic transformation/progression. This review lists some major applicative areas, briefly addresses how technology is bypassing liquid biopsy limitations, and places a particular emphasis on novel, PCR-free platforms. The ongoing collaborative efforts of major international consortia are reviewed. In addition to basic and applied research, we will consider technological transfer, including patents, patent applications and available information on clinical trials aimed at verifying the potential of liquid biopsy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Allegretti
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizio Giacomini
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giuseppe Spoto
- Department of Chemistry, Catania University, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Hon KW, Abu N, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R. miRNAs and lncRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Response to FOLFOX Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:846. [PMID: 30127741 PMCID: PMC6088237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the options for cancer treatment. FOLFOX is one of the widely used chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat primarily colorectal cancer and other cancers as well. However, the emergence of chemo-resistance clones during cancer treatment has become a critical challenge in the clinical setting. It is crucial to identify the potential biomarkers and therapeutics targets which could lead to an improvement in the success rate of the proposed therapies. Since non-coding RNAs have been known to be important players in the cellular system, the interest in their functional roles has intensified. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as regulators at the post-transcriptional level could be very promising to provide insights in overcoming chemo-resistance to FOLFOX. Hence, this mini review attempts to summarize the potential of ncRNAs correlating with chemo-sensitivity/resistance to FOLFOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha Wai Hon
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Srivastava A, Moxley K, Ruskin R, Dhanasekaran DN, Zhao YD, Ramesh R. A Non-invasive Liquid Biopsy Screening of Urine-Derived Exosomes for miRNAs as Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer Patients. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:82. [PMID: 29987691 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have great potential to serve as a source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer (EC). Urine-derived exosomes from patients with EC and patients with symptoms of EC, but without established EC, were used to evaluate a unique miRNA expression profile. Of the 84 miRNA studied, 57 were amplified in qPCR, suggesting the differential packaging of miRNA in exosomes. Further, hsa-miR-200c-3p was identified to be enriched the most. Various bioinformatics and in silico tools were used to evaluate the biological significance of hsa-miR-200c-3p in EC. We conclude that differential miRNA in exosomes can be utilized for discovery of biomarker signatures and EC diagnosis; hsa-miR-200c-3p is one such candidate. Urine-derived exosomes pave the way for the development of non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Katherine Moxley
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Gynecology Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rachel Ruskin
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Gynecology Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Danny Natarajan Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yan Daniel Zhao
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, Suite 1403, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.
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80
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Srivastava A, Moxley K, Ruskin R, Dhanasekaran DN, Zhao YD, Ramesh R. A Non-invasive Liquid Biopsy Screening of Urine-Derived Exosomes for miRNAs as Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer Patients. AAPS J 2018. [PMID: 29987691 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have great potential to serve as a source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer (EC). Urine-derived exosomes from patients with EC and patients with symptoms of EC, but without established EC, were used to evaluate a unique miRNA expression profile. Of the 84 miRNA studied, 57 were amplified in qPCR, suggesting the differential packaging of miRNA in exosomes. Further, hsa-miR-200c-3p was identified to be enriched the most. Various bioinformatics and in silico tools were used to evaluate the biological significance of hsa-miR-200c-3p in EC. We conclude that differential miRNA in exosomes can be utilized for discovery of biomarker signatures and EC diagnosis; hsa-miR-200c-3p is one such candidate. Urine-derived exosomes pave the way for the development of non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Katherine Moxley
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Gynecology Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rachel Ruskin
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Gynecology Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Danny Natarajan Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yan Daniel Zhao
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, Suite 1403, 975 N.E., 10th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA.
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81
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Gao S, Zhao ZY, Wu R, Zhang Y, Zhang ZY. Prognostic value of microRNAs in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:907-929. [PMID: 29750053 PMCID: PMC5935085 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s157493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have shown that miRNA levels are closely related to the survival time of patients with colon, rectal, or colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the outcomes of different investigations have been inconsistent. Accordingly, a meta-analysis was conducted to study associations among the three types of cancers. Materials and methods Studies published in English that estimated the expression levels of miRNAs with survival curves in CRC were identified until May 20, 2017 by online searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library by two independent authors. Pooled HRs with 95% CIs were used to estimate the correlation between miRNA expression and overall survival. Results A total of 63 relevant articles regarding 13 different miRNAs, with 10,254 patients were ultimately included. CRC patients with high expression of blood miR141 (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.68-3.77), tissue miR21 (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.53), miR181a (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26-1.83), or miR224 (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.04-4.34), or low expression of tissue miR126 (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.24-1.93) had significantly poor overall survival (P<0.05). Conclusion In general, blood miR141 and tissue miR21, miR181a, miR224, and miR126 had significant prognostic value. Among these, blood miR141 and tissue miR224 were strong biomarkers of prognosis for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Zhi-Ying Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang
| | - Rong Wu
- Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Yue Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Zhang
- Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University
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82
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Wang H, Peng R, Wang J, Qin Z, Xue L. Circulating microRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers: the advantage and disadvantage. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:59. [PMID: 29713393 PMCID: PMC5913875 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous single-stranded non-coding small RNA molecules that can be secreted into the circulation and exist stably. They usually exhibit aberrant expression under different physiological and pathological conditions. Recently, differentially expressed circulating microRNAs were focused on as potential biomarkers for cancer screening. We herein review the role of circulating microRNAs for cancer diagnosis, tumor subtype classification, chemo- or radio-resistance monitoring, and outcome prognosis. Moreover, circulating microRNAs still have several issues hindering their reliability for the practical clinical application. Future studies need to elucidate further potential application of circulating microRNAs as specific and sensitive markers for clinical diagnosis or prognosis in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- 1Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Peng
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zelian Qin
- 1Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- 1Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,2Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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83
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Jia L, Zhou X, Huang X, Xu X, Jia Y, Wu Y, Yao J, Wu Y, Wang K. Maternal and umbilical cord serum-derived exosomes enhance endothelial cell proliferation and migration. FASEB J 2018; 32:4534-4543. [PMID: 29570394 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701337rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of exosomes derived from maternal and umbilical cord blood in the regulation of angiogenesis. We report here that both maternal exosomes (MEs) and umbilical exosomes (UEs) significantly enhance HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Importantly, ME-treated HUVECs (MEXs) displayed significantly increased migration, but not proliferation or tube formation, compared with UE-treated HUVECs (UEXs). We found that the expression of a subset of migration-related microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-210-3p, miR-376c-3p, miR-151a-5p, miR-296-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-550a-5p, among others, were significantly increased or decreased in UEs, and this altered expression was likely correlated with the differential regulation of HUVEC migration. We also found that the mRNA expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was up-regulated in MEXs and UEXs and, moreover, that inhibiting HGF partially abolished the enhanced cell migration induced by UEs. Our results suggest that both MEs and UEs greatly enhanced endothelial cell (EC) functions and differentially regulated EC migration, which was mostly attributed to the different expression profiles of exosomal miRNA. These findings highlight the importance of exosomes in the regulation of angiogenesis during pregnancy. Exosomal miRNAs, in particular, may be of great significance for the regulation of angiogenesis in maintaining normal pregnancy.-Jia, L., Zhou, X., Huang, X., Xu, X., Jia, Y., Wu, Y., Yao, J., Wu, Y., Wang, K. Maternal and umbilical cord serum-derived exosomes enhance endothelial cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyao Zhou
- Unit of Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghong Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhui Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingting Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Julei Yao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanming Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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84
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Urabe F, Kosaka N, Yoshioka Y, Egawa S, Ochiya T. The small vesicular culprits: the investigation of extracellular vesicles as new targets for cancer treatment. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:45. [PMID: 29238879 PMCID: PMC5729179 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released from almost all type of cells including cancer cells. EVs transfer their components, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs, lipids and proteins, from one cell to another, affecting the target cells. Emerging evidence suggests that reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and the cells in their microenvironment via EVs drive disease progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, understanding the roles of EVs in cancer biology will provide us with new opportunities to treat patients. EVs are also useful for monitoring disease processes. EVs have been found in many kinds of biological fluids such as blood, urine, saliva and semen. Because of their accessibility, EVs offer ease of collection with minimal discomfort to patients and are preferred for serial collection. In addition, they reflect and carry dynamic changes in disease, allowing us to access crucial molecular information about the disease status. Therefore, EVs hold great possibility as clinically useful biomarkers to provide multiple non-invasive snapshots of primary and metastatic tumors. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of miRNAs in EVs in cancer biology and as biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of miRNAs in EVs for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urabe
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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85
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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86
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Wright KR, Mitchell B, Santanam N. Redox regulation of microRNAs in endometriosis-associated pain. Redox Biol 2017; 12:956-966. [PMID: 28499250 PMCID: PMC5429229 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, painful condition with unknown etiology. A differential expression of microRNAs in the endometriotic tissues from women with endometriosis with pain compared to those without suggested a plausible role for miRNA or epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology of endometriotic pain. The peritoneal milieu is involved in maintenance of endometriotic lesion and nociception. We recently showed the mechanistic role for oxidized-lipoproteins (ox-LDLs) present in peritoneal fluid (PF) in endometriosis and pain. We explored the possibility of ox-LDLs modulating the expression of miRNAs in a manner similar to PF from women with endometriosis. Expression levels of miRNAs and their predicted nociceptive and inflammatory targets were determined in PF and ox-LDL treated human endometrial cell-lines. Samples from IRB-approved and consented patients with and without endometriosis or pain were used. These were compared to endometrial cell-lines treated with various forms of oxidized-lipoproteins. RNA (including miRNAs) were isolated from treated endometrial cells and expression levels were determined using commercial miRNome arrays. Cell lysates were used in immunoblotting for inflammatory proteins using a protein array. Twenty miRNAs including isoforms of miR-29, miR-181 and let-7 were mutually differentially expressed in cells treated with PF from endometriosis patients with pain and those treated with ox-LDL components. The ox-LDLs and endo-PF treatment also produced significant overexpression of microRNA predicted target genes nerve growth factor, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E synthase and overexpression of their downstream protein targets Mip1α and MCP1. This study showed similarities between miRNA regulation in PF from endometriotic women and ox-LDLs present in abundance in the PF of these women. Key miRNAs responsible for targeting nociceptive and inflammatory molecules were downregulated in the presence of ox-LDLs and endo-PF, thus playing a role in the etiology of endometriotic pain. These redox-sensitive miRNAs can be of potential use as targets in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristeena Ray Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Brenda Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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87
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Kowalik A, Kowalewska M, Góźdź S. Current approaches for avoiding the limitations of circulating tumor cells detection methods-implications for diagnosis and treatment of patients with solid tumors. Transl Res 2017; 185:58-84.e15. [PMID: 28506696 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eight million people die of cancer each year and 90% of deaths are caused by systemic disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) contribute to the formation of metastases and thus are the subject of extensive research and an abiding interest to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Recent technological advances have resulted in greatly improved CTC detection, enumeration, expansion, and culture methods. However, despite the fact that nearly 150 years have passed since the first detection and description of CTCs in human blood and enormous technological progress that has taken place in this field, especially within the last decade, few CTC detection methods have been approved for routine clinical use. This reflects the substantial methodological problems related to the nature of these cells, their heterogeneity, and diverse metastatic potential. Here, we provide an overview of CTC phenotypes, including the plasticity of CTCs and the relevance of inflammation and cell fusion phenomena for CTC biology. We also review the literature on CTC detection methodology-its recent improvements, clinical significance, and efforts of its clinical application in cancer patients management. At present, CTC detection remains a challenging diagnostic approach as a result of numerous current methodological limitations. This is especially problematic during the early stages of the disease due to the small numbers of CTCs released into the blood of cancer patients. Nonetheless, the rapid development of novel techniques of CTC detection and enumeration in peripheral blood is expected to expedite their implementation in the clinical setting. It is of utmost importance to understand the biology of CTCs and their distinct populations as a prerequisite for achieving this ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland; Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kowalewska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Warszawa, Poland; Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hollycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland; Department of Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
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88
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Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in research on exosomes. For many years considered to be extracellular debris, exosomes are now considered important mediators in intercellular communication. The capability of exosomes to transfer proteins, DNA, mRNA, as well as non-coding RNAs has made them an attractive focus of research into the pathogenesis of different diseases, including cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor cells release a large sum of exosomes, which may not only influence proximal tumor cells and stromal cells in local microenvironment, but also can exert systemic effects when participating in blood circulation. In this study, we review the current understanding on this topic. The literature outlines two broad facets of exosomes in cancer: 1) promotion of tumor growth, tumorigenesis, tumor angiogenesis, tumor immune escape, drug resistance, and metastasis and 2) their role as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and even as potential treatment targets for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing 10021, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing 10021, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing 10021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing 10021, P.R. China
| | - Chunni Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing 10021, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing 10021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing 10021, P.R. China
| | - Renda Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing 10021, P.R. China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing 10021, P.R. China
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89
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Wei H, Wen-Ming C, Jun-Bo J. Plasma miR-145 as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and radiosensitivity prediction of human cervical cancer. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1054-1060. [PMID: 28534701 PMCID: PMC5536414 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517709614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate levels of plasma miR-145 in patients with cervical cancer (CC) and investigate its biomarker potential. Methods Using qRT-PCR, we compared plasma miR-145 levels in 120 patients with CC, 120 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 120 healthy volunteers. The association between plasma miR-145 expression and clinicopathological factors, including radiation response, was also analyzed. Results Plasma miR-145 levels were lower in CC patient than in CIN patients and healthy controls. Low levels were significantly associated with poor cancer differentiation, lymph node metastasis, HPV, and advanced FIGO stage. CC patients who achieved complete response to radiotherapy had higher plasma miR-145 levels than incomplete responders. ROC analysis confirmed that plasma miR-145 is a candidate biomarker for detecting CC and differentiating complete responders from incomplete responders. Conclusions Plasma miR-145 is reduced in CC and is a novel candidate biomarker for diagnosing CC and predicting radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wei
- Department of Oncology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chen Wen-Ming
- Department of Oncology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiao Jun-Bo
- Department of Oncology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
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90
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Soung YH, Ford S, Zhang V, Chung J. Exosomes in Cancer Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9010008. [PMID: 28085080 PMCID: PMC5295779 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are endosome derived extracellular vesicles of 30–120 nm size ranges. Exosomes have been identified as mediators of cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids into recipient cells. While exosomes are secreted by multiple cell types, cancer derived exosomes not only influence the invasive potentials of proximally located cells, but also affect distantly located tissues. Based on their ability to alter tumor microenvironment by regulating immunity, angiogenesis and metastasis, there has been growing interest in defining the clinical relevance of exosomes in cancers. In particular, exosomes are valuable sources for biomarkers due to selective cargo loading and resemblance to their parental cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings to utilize exosomes as cancer biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis and therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwa Soung
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Shane Ford
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Vincent Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Jun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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