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Capecchi E, Piccinino D, Delfino I, Bollella P, Antiochia R, Saladino R. Functionalized Tyrosinase-Lignin Nanoparticles as Sustainable Catalysts for the Oxidation of Phenols. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E438. [PMID: 29914085 PMCID: PMC6027214 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable catalysts for the oxidation of phenol derivatives under environmentally friendly conditions were prepared by the functionalization of lignin nanoparticles with tyrosinase. Lignin, the most abundant polyphenol in nature, is the main byproduct in the pulp and paper manufacturing industry and biorefinery. Tyrosinase has been immobilized by direct adsorption, encapsulation, and layer-by-layer deposition, with or without glutaraldehyde reticulation. Lignin nanoparticles were found to be stable to the tyrosinase activity. After the enzyme immobilization, they showed a moderate to high catalytic effect in the synthesis of catechol derivatives, with the efficacy of the catalyst being dependent on the specific immobilization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Davide Piccinino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Ines Delfino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Xiao X, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Yu P. Preparation and characterization of formaldehyde-modified black liquor lignin/poly (propylene carbonate) composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2018.1449624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiefei Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yousheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mattinen ML, Valle-Delgado JJ, Leskinen T, Anttila T, Riviere G, Sipponen M, Paananen A, Lintinen K, Kostiainen M, Österberg M. Enzymatically and chemically oxidized lignin nanoparticles for biomaterial applications. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 111:48-56. [PMID: 29421036 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked and decolorized lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were prepared enzymatically and chemically from softwood Kraft lignin. Colloidal lignin particles (CLPs, ca. 200 nm) in a non-malodorous aqueous dispersion could be dried and redispersed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or in water retaining their stability i.e. spherical shape and size. Two fungal laccases, Trametes hirsuta (ThL) and Melanocarpus albomyces (MaL) were used in the cross-linking reactions. Reactivity of ThL and MaL on Lignoboost™ lignin and LNPs was confirmed by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and oxygen consumption measurements with simultaneous detection of red-brown color due to the formation of quinones. Zeta potential measurements verified oxidation of LNPs via formation of surface-oriented carboxylic acid groups. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed minor changes in the particle size distributions of LNPs after laccase catalyzed radicalization, indicating preferably covalent intraparticular cross-linking over polymerization. Changes in the surface morphology of laccase treated LNPs were imaged by atomic force (AFM) and transmission emission (TEM) microscopy. Furthermore, decolorization of LNPs without degradation was obtained using ultrasonication with H2O2 in alkaline reaction conditions. The research results have high impact for the utilization of Kraft lignin as nanosized colloidal particles in advanced bionanomaterial applications in medicine, foods and cosmetics including different sectors from chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija-Liisa Mattinen
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Timo Leskinen
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tuomas Anttila
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Guillaume Riviere
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Mika Sipponen
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Arja Paananen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Kalle Lintinen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Mauri Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Monika Österberg
- Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
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54
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Beisl S, Friedl A, Miltner A. Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2367. [PMID: 29117142 PMCID: PMC5713336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanosize lignin has recently gained interest due to improved properties compared to standard lignin available today. As the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, lignin is readily available but used for rather low-value applications. This review focuses on the application of micro- and nanostructured lignin in final products or processes that all show potential for high added value. The fields of application are ranging from improvement of mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites, bactericidal and antioxidant properties and impregnations to hollow lignin drug carriers for hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. Also, a carbonization of lignin nanostructures can lead to high-value applications such as use in supercapacitors for energy storage. The properties of the final product depend on the surface properties of the nanomaterial and, therefore, on factors like the lignin source, extraction method, and production/precipitation methods, as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Beisl
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anton Friedl
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Angela Miltner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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55
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Jiang C, He H, Yao X, Yu P, Zhou L, Jia D. The aggregation structure regulation of lignin by chemical modification and its effect on the property of lignin/styrene-butadiene rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430073 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xiaojie Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Demin Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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56
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Chen L, Dou J, Ma Q, Li N, Wu R, Bian H, Yelle DJ, Vuorinen T, Fu S, Pan X, Zhu J(J. Rapid and near-complete dissolution of wood lignin at ≤80°C by a recyclable acid hydrotrope. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701735. [PMID: 28929139 PMCID: PMC5600535 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of the hydrotropic properties of a recyclable aromatic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH), for potentially low-cost and efficient fractionation of wood through rapid and near-complete dissolution of lignin. Approximately 90% of poplar wood (NE222) lignin can be dissolved at 80°C in 20 min. Equivalent delignification using known hydrotropes, such as aromatic salts, can be achieved only at 150°C or higher for more than 10 hours or at 150°C for 2 hours with alkaline pulping. p-TsOH fractionated wood into two fractions: (i) a primarily cellulose-rich water-insoluble solid fraction that can be used for the production of high-value building blocks, such as dissolving pulp fibers, lignocellulosic nanomaterials, and/or sugars through subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis; and (ii) a spent acid liquor stream containing mainly dissolved lignin that can be easily precipitated as lignin nanoparticles by diluting the spent acid liquor to below the minimal hydrotrope concentration. Our nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the dissolved lignin revealed that p-TsOH can depolymerize lignin via ether bond cleavage and can separate carbohydrate-free lignin from the wood. p-TsOH has a relatively low water solubility, which can facilitate efficient recovery using commercially proven crystallization technology by cooling the concentrated spent acid solution to ambient temperatures to achieve environmental sustainability through recycling of p-TsOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Qianli Ma
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ruchun Wu
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 188 Daxue East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, China
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel J. Yelle
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Shiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Junyong (J.Y.) Zhu
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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57
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Rao X, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Chen W, Liu Y, Yu H. Assembly of Organosolv Lignin Residues into Submicron Spheres: The Effects of Granulating in Ethanol/Water Mixtures and Homogenization. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2858-2865. [PMID: 31457621 PMCID: PMC6641104 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The production of chemicals and various materials from black liquor lignin will greatly improve the economics of biomass refining. In the present work, organosolv lignin residues (OLRs) from the organosolv pulping process were used to fabricate submicron lignin spheres using ethanol/water mixtures as an antisolvent, in conjunction with homogenization. Both the ethanol content in the ethanol/water mixture and the applications of homogenization were investigated as key factors affecting the agglomeration of OLRs. The results show that the solubility of the amphiphilic OLRs in ethanol was approximately 28 and 32 times greater than those of alkali lignin and kraft lignin, respectively. Using the optimal percentage of ethanol together with homogenization enhanced the nucleation of lignin macromolecules, such that the colloidal spheres of OLR were spontaneously assembled via gradual hydrophilic-lipophilic aggregation. The resulting OLR colloidal spheres had a yolk-shell structure and a mean particle diameter of around 200 nm, when the ethanol content was 50% and the homogenization time was 15 min or more. This study demonstrates a simple means of utilizing OLRs to produce lignin-based spheres. The lignin spheres generated in this work are thought to have potential applications in many fields as porous carbon precursors for energy storage, sensitive functional materials, and controlled-release fertilizer carriers.
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58
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Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061244. [PMID: 28604584 PMCID: PMC5486067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. It has long been obtained as a by-product of cellulose production in pulp and paper production, but had rather low added-value applications. A changing paper market and the emergence of biorefinery projects should generate vast amounts of lignin with the potential of value addition. Nanomaterials offer unique properties and the preparation of lignin nanoparticles and other nanostructures has therefore gained interest as a promising technique to obtain value-added lignin products. Due to lignin’s high structural and chemical heterogeneity, methods must be adapted to these different types. This review focuses on the ability of different formation methods to cope with the huge variety of lignin types and points out which particle characteristics can be achieved by which method. The current research’s main focus is on pH and solvent-shifting methods where the latter can yield solid and hollow particles. Solvent shifting also showed the capability to cope with different lignin types and solvents and antisolvents, respectively. However, process conditions have to be adapted to every type of lignin and reduction of solvent demand or the integration in a biorefinery process chain must be focused.
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59
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Garcia Gonzalez MN, Levi M, Turri S, Griffini G. Lignin nanoparticles by ultrasonication and their incorporation in waterborne polymer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nelly Garcia Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Marinella Levi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milano 20133 Italy
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60
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A comparative study on selective properties of Kraft lignin–natural rubber composites containing different plasticizers. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-017-0534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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61
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Yang W, Fortunati E, Dominici F, Giovanale G, Mazzaglia A, Balestra G, Kenny J, Puglia D. Synergic effect of cellulose and lignin nanostructures in PLA based systems for food antibacterial packaging. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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62
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Feldman D. Lignin nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2016.1166006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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63
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Lora JH. Lignin: A Platform for Renewable Aromatic Polymeric Materials. GREEN CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-53704-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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64
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Yu P, He H, Jiang C, Jia Y, Wang D, Yao X, Jia D, Luo Y. Enhanced oil resistance and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/lignin composites modified by epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Can Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 People's Republic of China
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65
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Jiang C, He H, Yao X, Yu P, Zhou L, Jia D. In situdispersion and compatibilization of lignin/epoxidized natural rubber composites: reactivity, morphology and property. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Jiang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Yao
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Jia
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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66
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Fabrication, Property, and Application of Lignin-Based Nanocomposites. ADVANCED STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2473-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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67
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Nair SS, Sharma S, Pu Y, Sun Q, Pan S, Zhu JY, Deng Y, Ragauskas AJ. High shear homogenization of lignin to nanolignin and thermal stability of nanolignin-polyvinyl alcohol blends. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:3513-20. [PMID: 25319811 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method to prepare nanolignin using a simple high shear homogenizer is presented. The kraft lignin particles with a broad distribution ranging from large micron- to nano-sized particles were completely homogenized to nanolignin particles with sizes less than 100 nm after 4 h of mechanical shearing. The (13) C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and (31) P NMR analysis showed that there were no major changes in the chemical composition between the starting kraft lignin particles and the nanolignin obtained after 4 h of mechanical treatment. The nanolignin particles did not show any change in molecular weight distribution and polydispersity compared to the original lignin particles. The nanolignin particles when used with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) increased the thermal stability of nanolignin/PVA blends more effectively compared to the original lignin/PVA blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S Nair
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street, N.W. Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
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69
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Yang D, Li H, Qin Y, Zhong R, Bai M, Qiu X. Structure and Properties of Sodium Lignosulfonate with Different Molecular Weight Used as Dye Dispersant. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.916221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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70
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71
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Bahl K, Miyoshi T, Jana SC. Hybrid fillers of lignin and carbon black for lowering of viscoelastic loss in rubber compounds. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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72
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Jiang C, He H, Yao X, Yu P, Zhou L, Jia D. Self-crosslinkable lignin/epoxidized natural rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Jiang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Yao
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Jia
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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73
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Bahl K, Jana SC. Surface modification of lignosulfonates for reinforcement of styrene-butadiene rubber compounds. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Bahl
- Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron Ohio 44325-0301
| | - Sadhan C. Jana
- Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron Ohio 44325-0301
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