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Kang J, Park JS, Jung SW, Kim HJ, Joo HM, Kang D, Seo H, Kim S, Jang MC, Lee KW, Jin Oh S, Lee S, Lee TK. Zooming on dynamics of marine microbial communities in the phycosphere of Akashiwo sanguinea (Dinophyta) blooms. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:207-221. [PMID: 33113287 PMCID: PMC7839783 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing ecological relationships between viruses, bacteria and phytoplankton in the ocean is critical to understanding the ecosystem; however, these relationships are infrequently investigated together. To understand the dynamics of microbial communities and environmental factors in harmful algal blooms (HABs), we examined the environmental factors and microbial communities during Akashiwo sanguinea HABs in the Jangmok coastal waters of South Korea by metagenomics. Specific bacterial species showed complex synergistic and antagonistic relationships with the A. sanguinea bloom. The endoparasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya sp. 1 controlled the bloom dynamics and correlated with HAB decline. Among nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs), two Pandoraviruses and six Phycodnaviruses were strongly and positively correlated with the HABs. Operational taxonomic units of microbial communities and environmental factors associated with A. sanguinea were visualized by network analysis: A. sanguinea-Amoebophrya sp. 1 (r = .59, time lag: 2 days) and A. sanguinea-Ectocarpus siliculosus virus 1 in Phycodnaviridae (0.50, 4 days) relationships showed close associations. The relationship between A. sanguinea and dissolved inorganic phosphorus relationship also showed a very close correlation (0.74, 0 day). Microbial communities and the environment changed dynamically during the A. sanguinea bloom, and the rapid turnover of microorganisms responded to ecological interactions. A. sanguinea bloom dramatically changes the environments by exuding dissolved carbohydrates via autotrophic processes, followed by changes in microbial communities involving host-specific viruses, bacteria and parasitoids. Thus, the microbial communities in HAB are composed of various organisms that interact in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsu Kang
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Korea.,Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Joon Sang Park
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Korea
| | - Seung Won Jung
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Korea
| | - Hyoung Min Joo
- Division of Polar Ocean Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Donhyug Kang
- Maritime Security Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyojeong Seo
- Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sunju Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Min-Chul Jang
- Ballast Water Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Oh
- Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Korea
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Yarimizu K, Fujiyoshi S, Kawai M, Norambuena-Subiabre L, Cascales EK, Rilling JI, Vilugrón J, Cameron H, Vergara K, Morón-López J, Acuña JJ, Gajardo G, Espinoza-González O, Guzmán L, Jorquera MA, Nagai S, Pizarro G, Riquelme C, Ueki S, Maruyama F. Protocols for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms for Sustainable Aquaculture and Coastal Fisheries in Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207642. [PMID: 33092111 PMCID: PMC7589761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Harmful algae blooms (HABs) cause acute effects on marine ecosystems due to their production of endogenous toxins or their enormous biomass, leading to significant impacts on local economies and public health. Although HAB monitoring has been intensively performed at spatiotemporal scales in coastal areas of the world over the last decades, procedures have not yet been standardized. HAB monitoring procedures are complicated and consist of many methodologies, including physical, chemical, and biological water sample measurements. Each monitoring program currently uses different combinations of methodologies depending on site specific purposes, and many prior programs refer to the procedures in quotations. HAB monitoring programs in Chile have adopted the traditional microscopic and toxin analyses but not molecular biology and bacterial assemblage approaches. Here we select and optimize the HAB monitoring methodologies suitable for Chilean geography, emphasizing on metabarcoding analyses accompanied by the classical tools with considerations including cost, materials and instrument availability, and easiness and efficiency of performance. We present results from a pilot study using the standardized stepwise protocols, demonstrating feasibility and plausibility for sampling and analysis for the HAB monitoring. Such specific instructions in the standardized protocol are critical obtaining quality data under various research environments involving multiple stations, different analysts, various time-points, and long HAB monitoring duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yarimizu
- Office of Industry-Academia-Government and Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.Y.); (F.M.); Tel.: +81-082-424-7048 (K.Y. & F.M.)
| | - So Fujiyoshi
- Office of Industry-Academia-Government and Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan;
| | - Mikihiko Kawai
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsu-cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Luis Norambuena-Subiabre
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Padre Harter 547, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (L.N.-S.); (E.-K.C.); (J.V.); (O.E.-G.); (L.G.)
| | - Emma-Karin Cascales
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Padre Harter 547, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (L.N.-S.); (E.-K.C.); (J.V.); (O.E.-G.); (L.G.)
| | - Joaquin-Ignacio Rilling
- Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.-I.R.); (J.J.A.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Jonnathan Vilugrón
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Padre Harter 547, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (L.N.-S.); (E.-K.C.); (J.V.); (O.E.-G.); (L.G.)
| | - Henry Cameron
- Centro de Bioinnovacion, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biologicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile; (H.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Karen Vergara
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (K.V.); (G.G.)
| | - Jesus Morón-López
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (J.M.-L.); (S.U.)
| | - Jacquelinne J. Acuña
- Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.-I.R.); (J.J.A.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (K.V.); (G.G.)
| | - Oscar Espinoza-González
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Padre Harter 547, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (L.N.-S.); (E.-K.C.); (J.V.); (O.E.-G.); (L.G.)
| | - Leonardo Guzmán
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Padre Harter 547, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile; (L.N.-S.); (E.-K.C.); (J.V.); (O.E.-G.); (L.G.)
| | - Milko A. Jorquera
- Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.-I.R.); (J.J.A.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Fisheries Resources Institute, Fisheries Stock Assessment Center, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan;
| | - Gemita Pizarro
- Laboratorio de toxinas y fitoplancton, IFOP, Enrique Abello 0552, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile;
| | - Carlos Riquelme
- Centro de Bioinnovacion, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biologicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile; (H.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Shoko Ueki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (J.M.-L.); (S.U.)
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Office of Industry-Academia-Government and Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.Y.); (F.M.); Tel.: +81-082-424-7048 (K.Y. & F.M.)
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Zhou J, Lao YM, Song JT, Jin H, Zhu JM, Cai ZH. Temporal heterogeneity of microbial communities and metabolic activities during a natural algal bloom. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116020. [PMID: 32653764 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the interactions between algae and associated microbial communities is critical for understanding the mechanisms that mediate the dynamic of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in marine environment. However, the microbial functional profiles and their biogeochemical potential in HABs process remains elusive, especially during a complete natural HAB cycle. Here, we used pyrosequencing and functional gene array (GeoChip) to investigate microbial community dynamics and metabolic potential during a natural dinoflagellate (Noctiluca scintillans) bloom. The results shown that bacterioplankton exhibited significant temporal heterogeneity over the course of the bloom stages. Microbial succession was co-driven by environmental parameters and biotic interactions. The functional analysis revealed significant variations in microbial metabolism during matter cycling. At bloom onset-stage, metabolic potential associated with iron oxidation and transport was elevated. Carbon fixation and degradation, denitrification, phosphorus acquisition, and sulfur transfer/oxidation were significantly enhanced at the plateau stage. During the decline and terminal stages, oxidative stress, lysis of compounds, and toxin degradation & protease synthesis increased. This work reveal phycosphere microorganisms can enhanced organic C decomposition capacity, altered N assimilation rate and S/P turnover efficiency, and balancing of the Fe budget during HAB process. The ecological linkage analysis has further shown that microbial composition and functional potential were significantly linked to algal blooms occurrence. It suggest that structural variability and functional plasticity of microbial communities influence HAB trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yong-Min Lao
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jun-Ting Song
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hui Jin
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jian-Ming Zhu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Bagnaro A, Baltar F, Brownstein G, Lee WG, Morales SE, Pritchard DW, Hepburn CD. Reducing the arbitrary: fuzzy detection of microbial ecotones and ecosystems - focus on the pelagic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2020; 15:16. [PMID: 33902717 PMCID: PMC8066478 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-020-00363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the central objectives of microbial ecology is to study the distribution of microbial communities and their association with their environments. Biogeographical studies have partitioned the oceans into provinces and regions, but the identification of their boundaries remains challenging, hindering our ability to study transition zones (i.e. ecotones) and microbial ecosystem heterogeneity. Fuzzy clustering is a promising method to do so, as it creates overlapping sets of clusters. The outputs of these analyses thus appear both structured (into clusters) and gradual (due to the overlaps), which aligns with the inherent continuity of the pelagic environment, and solves the issue of defining ecosystem boundaries. RESULTS We show the suitability of applying fuzzy clustering to address the patchiness of microbial ecosystems, integrating environmental (Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity) and bacterioplankton data (Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) based on 16S rRNA gene) collected during six cruises over 1.5 years from the subtropical frontal zone off New Zealand. The technique was able to precisely identify ecological heterogeneity, distinguishing both the patches and the transitions between them. In particular we show that the subtropical front is a distinct, albeit transient, microbial ecosystem. Each water mass harboured a specific microbial community, and the characteristics of their ecotones matched the characteristics of the environmental transitions, highlighting that environmental mixing lead to community mixing. Further explorations into the OTU community compositions revealed that, although only a small proportion of the OTUs explained community variance, their associations with given water mass were consistent through time. CONCLUSION We demonstrate recurrent associations between microbial communities and dynamic oceanic features. Fuzzy clusters can be applied to any ecosystem (terrestrial, human, marine, etc) to solve uncertainties regarding the position of microbial ecological boundaries and to refine the relation between the distribution of microorganisms and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bagnaro
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Federico Baltar
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- NIWA, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, Center of Functional Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - William G Lee
- Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sergio E Morales
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Daniel W Pritchard
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Te Ao Tūroa, Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Barua A, Ajani PA, Ruvindy R, Farrell H, Zammit A, Brett S, Hill D, Sarowar C, Hoppenrath M, Murray SA. First Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins from Alexandrium pacificum above the Regulatory Limit in Blue Mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis) in New South Wales, Australia. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E905. [PMID: 32560067 PMCID: PMC7356031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2016, 2017 and 2018, elevated levels of the species Alexandrium pacificum were detected within a blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) aquaculture area at Twofold Bay on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia. In 2016, the bloom persisted for at least eight weeks and maximum cell concentrations of 89,000 cells L-1 of A. pacificum were reported. The identity of A. pacificum was confirmed using molecular genetic tools (qPCR and amplicon sequencing) and complemented by light and scanning electron microscopy of cultured strains. Maximum reported concentrations of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in mussel tissue was 7.2 mg/kg PST STX equivalent. Elevated cell concentrations of A. pacificum were reported along the adjacent coastal shelf areas, and positive PST results were reported from nearby oyster producing estuaries during 2016. This is the first record of PSTs above the regulatory limit (0.8 mg/kg) in commercial aquaculture in New South Wales since the establishment of routine biotoxin monitoring in 2005. The intensity and duration of the 2016 A. pacificum bloom were unusual given the relatively low abundances of A. pacificum in estuarine and coastal waters of the region found in the prior 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanti Barua
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; (P.A.A.); (R.R.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Penelope A. Ajani
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; (P.A.A.); (R.R.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Rendy Ruvindy
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; (P.A.A.); (R.R.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Hazel Farrell
- NSW Food Authority, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 232, Taree 2430, Australia; (H.F.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anthony Zammit
- NSW Food Authority, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 232, Taree 2430, Australia; (H.F.); (A.Z.)
| | - Steve Brett
- Microalgal Services, 308 Tucker Rd, Ormond 3204, Australia; (S.B.); (D.H.)
| | - David Hill
- Microalgal Services, 308 Tucker Rd, Ormond 3204, Australia; (S.B.); (D.H.)
| | - Chowdhury Sarowar
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman 2088, Australia;
| | - Mona Hoppenrath
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung (DZMB), Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
| | - Shauna A. Murray
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; (P.A.A.); (R.R.); (S.A.M.)
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Zhou J, Zhang BY, Yu K, Du XP, Zhu JM, Zeng YH, Cai ZH. Functional profiles of phycospheric microorganisms during a marine dinoflagellate bloom. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115554. [PMID: 32028248 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are an ecological concern but relatively few studies have investigated the functional potential of bacterioplankton over a complete algal bloom cycle, which is critical for determining their contribution to the fate of algal blooms. To address this point, we carried out a time-series metagenomic analysis of the functional features of microbial communities at three different Gymnodinium catenatum bloom stages (pre-, peak-, and post-bloom). Different microbial composition were observed during the blooming stages. The environmental parameters and correlation networks co-contribute to microbial variability, and the former explained 38.4% of total variations of the bacterioplankton community composition. Functionally, a range of pathways involved in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycling were significantly different during the various HAB stages. Genes associated with carbohydrate-active enzymes, denitrification, and iron oxidation were enriched at the pre-bloom stage; genes involved in reductive citrate cycle for carbon fixation, carbon degradation, nitrification and phosphate transport were enhanced at the peak stage; and relative gene abundance related to sulfur oxidation, vitamin synthesis, and iron transport and storage was increased at the post-bloom stage. The ecological linkage analysis has shown that microbial functional potential especially the C/P/Fe metabolism were significantly linked to the fate of the algal blooms. Taken together, our results demonstrated that microorganisms displayed successional patterns not only at the community level, but also in the metabolic potential on HAB's progression. This work contributes to a growing understanding of microbial structural elasticity and functional plasticity and shed light on the potential mechanisms of microbial-mediated HAB trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo-Ya Zhang
- The School of Environment and Energy, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Peking University, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Yu
- The School of Environment and Energy, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Peking University, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Du
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Ming Zhu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Hua Zeng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; The Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
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Xia X, Ki Leung S, Cheung S, Zhang S, Liu H. Rare bacteria in seawater are dominant in the bacterial assemblage associated with the Bloom-forming dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135107. [PMID: 31818556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Noctiluca scintillans is a bloom-forming dinoflagellate, which is widely distributed in the global coastal seas. Associated bacteria have been proven to be essential for the survival and growth of zooplanktons. However, the diversity and function of bacteria associated with Noctiluca scintillans are under studied and largely unknown. Here, we examined the diversity and function of bacteria associated with field-acquired and laboratory-maintained Noctiluca cells. Our results showed that the bacterial communities associated with the laboratory-maintained Noctiluca were dominated by Rhodobacterales, whereas those associated with the field-acquired Noctiluca varied over time. In addition, major Noctiluca-associated bacteria had low relative abundance in the ambient environment. We also observed that when field-acquired Noctiluca were cultivated with a mono-species food source, there was a shift in the associated bacterial communities. Metagenomic analysis showed that genes involved in DNA replication/repair and osmotic regulation were more abundant than other genes in the Noctiluca-associated bacterial community. Furthermore, the associated bacteria were able to degrade various complex carbohydrates and actively participate in the nitrogen cycle in their host cells. In addition, a draft genome of the Rickettsiaceae strain was recovered, and we showed that the genome did not contain genes encoding hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase, two key enzymes involved in glucose utilization. Instead, the primary energy sources of this bacteria were shown to be glutamate, glutamine and pyruvate, which might be obtained from the host. We suggest that in return, the Rickettsiaceae strain is likely to provide cofactors and amino acids to the host. This study highlights the spatial and temporal complexity of bacterial communities associated with Noctiluca, and provides valuable insights into the interaction between a host and its associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), PR China.
| | - Sze Ki Leung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shunyan Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequences of Three Uncultured Planktomarina sp. Strains from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/12/e00127-20. [PMID: 32193237 PMCID: PMC7082456 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00127-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report three metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Planktomarina strains from coastal seawater (Portugal) to help illuminate the functions of understudied Rhodobacteraceae bacteria in marine environments. The MAGs encode proteins involved in aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis and a versatile carbohydrate metabolism, strengthening the role of Planktomarina species in oceanic carbon cycling.
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Insights on aquatic microbiome of the Indian Sundarbans mangrove areas. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221543. [PMID: 32097429 PMCID: PMC7041844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic perturbations have strong impact on water quality and ecological health of mangrove areas of Indian Sundarbans. Diversity in microbial community composition is important causes for maintaining the health of the mangrove ecosystem. However, microbial communities of estuarine water in Indian Sundarbans mangrove areas and environmental determinants that contribute to those communities were seldom studied. METHODS Nevertheless, this study attempted first to report bacterial and archaeal communities simultaneously in the water from Matla River and Thakuran River of Maipith coastal areas more accurately using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon approaches. Attempt also been made to assess the capability of the environmental parameters for explaining the variation in microbial community composition. RESULTS Our investigation indicates the dominancy of halophilic marine bacteria from families Flavobacteriaceae and OM1 clade in the water with lower nutrient load collected from costal regions of a small Island of Sundarban Mangroves (ISM). At higher eutrophic conditions, changes in bacterial communities in Open Marine Water (OMW) were detected, where some of the marine hydrocarbons degrading bacteria under families Oceanospirillaceae and Spongiibacteraceae were dominated. While most abundant bacterial family Rhodobacteracea almost equally (18% of the total community) dominated in both sites. Minor variation in the composition of archaeal community was also observed between OMW and ISM. Redundancy analysis indicates a combination of total nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nutrients for OMW and for ISM, salinity and total nitrogen was responsible for explaining the changes in their respective microbial community composition. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes the first conclusive overview on how do multiple environmental/anthropogenic stressors (salinity, pollution, eutrophication, land-use) affect the Sundarban estuary water and consequently the microbial communities in concert. However, systematic approaches with more samples for evaluating the effect of environmental pollutions on mangrove microbial communities are recommended.
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Chai ZY, Wang H, Deng Y, Hu Z, Zhong Tang Y. Harmful algal blooms significantly reduce the resource use efficiency in a coastal plankton community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135381. [PMID: 31810673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been investigated for their catastrophic effects on public health and aquaculture intensively, but the research about HABs effects on the diversity patterns and intrinsic functions of the plankton community based on a species identification with high resolution and accuracy has been scarce. We therefore investigated the shifts of plankton diversity via pyrosequencing during and around a natural dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum donghaiense) bloom and analyzed the effect of P. donghaiense abundance on the operationally-defined resource use efficiency (RUE) of plankton community to test our hypothesis that outbreaks of HABs will reduce RUE of the plankton community via shifting the plankton community structure, species composition in particular. We found that the species diversity of eukaryotic plankton community was significantly decreased during the bloom, as reflected in OTU (operational taxonomic unit) richness, and Pielou's evenness index. Principal coordinates analysis indicated significant difference in plankton community structure between blooming and non-blooming periods. As hypothesized, the species richness was positively correlated to RUE (defined as the ratio of phytoplankton biomass to total phosphorus), and more importantly, the cell density of P. donghaiense exhibited significant negative correlation with RUE. Our results explicitly demonstrated HABs reduce RUE via reducing species richness (corresponding to a less occupancy of the trophic niches), which supports the previously documented notion that niche partitioning enhances RUE (a key ecosystem function). Also, our work provides striking evidence for the relationship between plankton species richness (or diversity) and community function (resource use efficiency) via studying on HABs, a natural but exceptional phenomenon, in addition to revealing a profound consequence of HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Tang Y, Dai T, Su Z, Hasegawa K, Tian J, Chen L, Wen D. A Tripartite Microbial-Environment Network Indicates How Crucial Microbes Influence the Microbial Community Ecology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:342-356. [PMID: 31428833 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current technologies could identify the abundance and functions of specific microbes, and evaluate their individual effects on microbial ecology. However, these microbes interact with each other, as well as environmental factors, in the form of complex network. Determination of their combined ecological influences remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a tripartite microbial-environment network (TMEN) analysis method that integrates microbial abundance, metabolic function, and environmental data as a tripartite network to investigate the combined ecological effects of microbes. Applying TMEN to analyzing the microbial-environment community structure in the sediments of Hangzhou Bay, one of the most seriously polluted coastal areas in China, we found that microbes were well-organized into 4 bacterial communities and 9 archaeal communities. The total organic carbon, sulfate, chemical oxygen demand, salinity, and nitrogen-related indexes were detected as crucial environmental factors in the microbial-environmental network. With close interactions with these environmental factors, Nitrospirales and Methanimicrococcu were identified as hub microbes with connection advantage. Our TMEN method could close the gap between lack of efficient statistical and computational approaches and the booming of large-scale microbial genomic and environmental data. Based on TMEN, we discovered a potential microbial ecological mechanism that crucial species with significant influence on the microbial community ecology would possess one or two of the community advantages for enhancing their ecological status and essentiality, including abundance advantage and connection advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tianjiao Dai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 125 Nashua Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jinping Tian
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Technology and Ecology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donghui Wen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Hattenrath-Lehmann TK, Jankowiak J, Koch F, Gobler CJ. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes associated with blooms of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides in New York, USA, estuaries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223067. [PMID: 31697694 PMCID: PMC6837389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While harmful algal blooms caused by the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium (Margalefidinium) polykrikoides, are allelopathic and may have unique associations with bacteria, a comprehensive assessment of the planktonic communities associated with these blooms has been lacking. Here, we used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to assess size fractionated (0.2 and 5 μm) bacterial (16S) and phytoplankton assemblages (18S) associated with blooms of C. polykrikoides during recurrent blooms in NY, USA. Over a three-year period, samples were collected inside (‘patch’) and outside (‘non-patch’) dense accumulations of C. polykrikoides to assess the microbiome associated with these blooms. Eukaryotic plankton communities of blooms had significantly lower diversity than non-bloom samples, and non-bloom samples hosted 30 eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) not found within blooms, suggesting they may have been allelopathically excluded from blooms. Differential abundance analyses revealed that C. polykrikoides blooms were significantly enriched in dinoflagellates (p<0.001) and the experimental enrichment of C. polykrikoides led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of eight genera of dinoflagellates but a significant decline in other eukaryotic plankton. Amoebophrya co-dominated both within- and near- C. polykrikoides blooms and was more abundant in bloom patches. The core bacterial microbiome of the >0.2μm fraction of blooms was dominated by an uncultured bacterium from the SAR11 clade, while the >5μm size fraction was co-dominated by an uncultured bacterium from Rhodobacteraceae and Coraliomargarita. Two bacterial lineages within the >0.2μm fraction, as well as the Gammaproteobacterium, Halioglobus, from the >5μm fraction were unique to the microbiome of blooms, while there were 154 bacterial OTUs only found in non-bloom waters. Collectively, these findings reveal the unique composition and potential function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic communities associated with C. polykrikoides blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Jankowiak
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Southampton, NY, United States of America
| | - Florian Koch
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Southampton, NY, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Southampton, NY, United States of America
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Corcoran AA, Seger M, Niu R, Nirmalakhandan N, Lammers PJ, Holguin FO, Boeing WJ. Evidence for induced allelopathy in an isolate of Coelastrella following co-culture with Chlorella sorokiniana. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Phycosphere Microbial Succession Patterns and Assembly Mechanisms in a Marine Dinoflagellate Bloom. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00349-19. [PMID: 31126952 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00349-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the ecological significance of microorganisms in algal blooming events, it is critical to understand the mechanisms regarding their distribution under different conditions. We tested the hypothesis that microbial community succession is strongly associated with algal bloom stages, and that the assembly mechanisms are cocontrolled by deterministic and stochastic processes. Community structures and underlying ecological processes of microbial populations (attached and free-living bacteria) at three algal bloom stages (pre-, during, and postbloom) over a complete dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea bloom were investigated. Both attached and free-living taxa had a strong response to the bloom event, and the latter was more sensitive than the former. The contribution of environmental parameters to microbial variability was 40.2%. Interaction analysis showed that complex positive or negative correlation networks exist in phycosphere microbes. These relationships were the potential drivers of mutualist and competitive interactions that impacted bacterial succession. Null model analysis showed that the attached bacterial community primarily exhibited deterministic processes at pre- and during-bloom stages, while dispersal-related processes contributed to a greater extent at the postbloom stage. In the free-living bacterial community, homogeneous selection and dispersal limitation dominated in the initial phase, which gave way to more deterministic processes at the two later stages. Relative contribution analyses further demonstrated that the community turnover of attached bacteria was mainly driven by environmental selection, while stochastic factors had partial effects on the assembly of free-living bacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrated that a robust link exists between bacterioplankton community structure and bloom progression, and phycosphere microbial succession trajectories are cogoverned by both deterministic and random processes.IMPORTANCE Disentangling the mechanisms shaping bacterioplankton communities during a marine ecological event is a core concern for ecologists. Harmful algal bloom (HAB) is a typical ecological disaster, and its formation is significantly influenced by alga-bacterium interactions. Microbial community shifts during the HAB process are relatively well known. However, the assembly processes of microbial communities in an HAB are not fully understood, especially the relative influences of deterministic and stochastic processes. We therefore analyzed the relative contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes during an HAB event. Both free-living and attached bacterial groups had a dramatic response to the HAB, and the relative importance of determinism versus stochasticity varied between the two bacterial groups at various bloom stages. Environmental factors and biotic interactions were the main drivers impacting the microbial shift process. Our results strengthen the understanding of the ecological mechanisms controlling microbial community patterns during the HAB process.
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Mei X, Wu C, Zhao J, Yan T, Jiang P. Community Structure of Bacteria Associated With Drifting Sargassum horneri, the Causative Species of Golden Tide in the Yellow Sea. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1192. [PMID: 31191503 PMCID: PMC6546727 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Golden tides dominated by Sargassum spp. are occurring at an accelerated rate worldwide. In China, Sargassum has started to bloom in the Yellow Sea and led to tremendous economic losses, but the underlying biological causes and mechanisms are still unclear. Although algae-associated bacteria were suggested to play crucial roles in algal blooms, the profiles of bacteria associated with drifting Sargassum remain unexplored. In this study, the community structures and functions of Sargassum-associated bacteria were analyzed using the high-throughput sequencing data of the V5–V7 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Molecular identification revealed that the golden tide analyzed in the Yellow Sea was dominated by a single species, Sargassum horneri. They were a healthy brown color nearshore but were yellow offshore with significantly decreased chlorophyll contents (P < 0.01), which indicates that yellow S. horneri was under physiological stress. The structural and functional analyses of bacterial communities indicated that the drifting S. horneri had an obvious selectivity on their associated bacteria against surrounding seawater. Although the bacterial communities phylogenetically differed between brown and yellow S. horneri (P < 0.01), their dominant functions were all nitrogen and iron transporters, which strongly indicates microbial contribution to blooming of the algal host. For the first time, potential epiphytic and endophytic bacteria associated with Sargassum were independently analyzed by a modified co-vortex method with silica sand. We showed that the composition of dominant endophytes, mainly Bacillus and Propionibacterium, was relatively consistent regardless of host status, whereas the epiphytic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) greatly varied in response to weakness of host status; however, dominant functions were consistent at elevated intensities, which might protect the host from stress related to nitrogen or iron deficiency. Thus, we propose that host physiological status at different intensities of functional demands, which were related to variable environmental conditions, may be a critical factor that influences the assembly of epiphytic bacterial communities. This study provided new insight into the structure and potential functions of associated bacteria with golden tide blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tian Yan
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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66
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A synthetic ecosystem for the multi-level modelling of heterotroph-phototroph metabolic interactions. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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67
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Shen A, Ishizaka J, Yang M, Ouyang L, Yin Y, Ma Z. Changes in community structure and photosynthetic activities of total phytoplankton species during the growth, maintenance, and dissipation phases of a Prorocentrum donghaiense bloom. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 82:35-43. [PMID: 30928009 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential interactions between the bloom-forming dinoflagellates and other phytoplankton during the algal bloom cycle are interesting, while the causes for the phytoplankton community changes were not fully understood. We hypothesized that phytoplankton community structure and photosynthetic activities of total phytoplankton have their special characteristics in different phases of the algal blooms. To test this hypothesis, a survey covering the process of a Prorocentrum donghaiense bloom in coastal waters between Dongtou and Nanji Islands was carried out from 9 to 20 May 2016, and the changes in the phytoplankton community and photosynthetic activities of total phytoplankton were determined. Surface seawater was sampled for microscopic analysis of phytoplankton composition and pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of photosynthetic activities of the total phytoplankton species. A total of 25, 31, and 19 phytoplankton species were identified in its growth (9-12 May), maintenance (13-18 May) and dissipation phases (19-20 May), respectively. Diatoms were dominant in terms of species number while dinoflagellates were predominant at cell abundance. Dinoflagellates were the major dominant species during three phases of the bloom based on the dominance (Y) value, whereas the dominant species extended to dinoflagellates and diatoms including P. donghaiense, Coscinodiscus argus, Gonyaulax spinifera, Cyclotella sp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea in the dissipation phase. In the maintenance phase, the average cell abundances of the total phytoplankton and P. donghaiense were consistent with the chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration in the seawater; for the diversity indices of total phytoplankton species, Simpson index (C) was the highest while Shannon index (H') and Pielou evenness index (J') were the lowest. Furthermore, photosynthetic activities of the total phytoplankton species represented by the effective quantum yield (Fq'/Fm') and the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) in the maintenance phase were higher than those in the growth and dissipation phases. The results indicated that the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure and photosynthetic activities could be regarded as criteria in predicting the phases of algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anglu Shen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Joji Ishizaka
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 4648601, Japan
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 4648601, Japan
| | - Longling Ouyang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yane Yin
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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