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Jayarathna DK, Rentería ME, Batra J, Gandhi NS. A supervised machine learning approach identifies gene-regulating factor-mediated competing endogenous RNA networks in hormone-dependent cancers. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1394-1408. [PMID: 35757968 PMCID: PMC9542250 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) have become an emerging topic in cancer research due to their role in gene regulatory networks. To date, traditional ceRNA bioinformatic studies have investigated microRNAs as the only factor regulating gene expression. Growing evidence suggests that genomic (e.g., copy number alteration [CNA]), transcriptomic (e.g., transcription factors [TFs]), and epigenomic (e.g., DNA methylation [DM]) factors can influence ceRNA regulatory networks. Herein, we used the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, a machine learning approach, to integrate DM, CNA, and TFs data with RNA expression to infer ceRNA networks in cancer risk. The gene‐regulating factors‐mediated ceRNA networks were identified in four hormone‐dependent (HD) cancer types: prostate, breast, colorectal, and endometrial. The shared ceRNAs across HD cancer types were further investigated using survival analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction network analysis. We found two (BUB1 and EXO1) and one (RRM2) survival‐significant ceRNA(s) shared across breast‐colorectal‐endometrial and prostate–colorectal–endometrial combinations, respectively. Both BUB1 and BUB1B genes were identified as shared ceRNAs across more than two HD cancers of interest. These genes play a critical role in cell division, spindle‐assembly checkpoint signalling, and correct chromosome alignment. Furthermore, shared ceRNAs across multiple HD cancers have been involved in essential cancer pathways such as cell cycle, p53 signalling, and chromosome segregation. Identifying ceRNAs' roles across multiple related cancers will improve our understanding of their shared disease biology. Moreover, it contributes to the knowledge of RNA‐mediated cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulari K Jayarathna
- Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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52
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Matchett EC, Ambrose EC, Kornbluth J. Characterization of uridine-cytidine kinase like-1 nucleoside kinase activity and its role in tumor growth. Biochem J 2022; 479:1149-1164. [PMID: 35583288 PMCID: PMC9246348 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Uridine-cytidine kinase like-1 (UCKL-1) is a largely uncharacterized protein with high sequence similarity to other uridine-cytidine kinases (UCKs). UCKs play an important role in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, catalyzing the phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine to UMP and CMP, respectively. Only two human UCKs have been identified, UCK1 and UCK2. Previous studies have shown both enzymes phosphorylate uridine and cytidine using ATP as the phosphate donor. No studies have evaluated the kinase potential of UCKL-1. We cloned and purified UCKL-1 and found that it successfully phosphorylated uridine and cytidine using ATP as the phosphate donor. The catalytic efficiency (calculated as kcat/KM) was 1.2 × 104 s-1, M-1 for uridine and 0.7 × 104 s-1, M-1 for cytidine. Our lab has previously shown that UCKL-1 is up-regulated in tumor cells, providing protection against natural killer (NK) cell killing activity. We utilized small interfering RNA (siRNA) to down-regulate UCKL-1 in vitro and in vivo to determine the effect of UCKL-1 on tumor growth and metastasis. The down-regulation of UCKL-1 in YAC-1 lymphoma cells in vitro resulted in decreased cell counts and increased apoptotic activity. Down-regulation of UCKL-1 in K562 leukemia cells in vivo led to decreased primary tumor growth and less tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. These results identify UCKL-1 as a bona fide pyrimidine kinase with the therapeutic potential to be a target for tumor growth inhibition and for diminishing or preventing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Matchett
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - Elise C. Ambrose
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - Jacki Kornbluth
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
- VA St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
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53
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Sabnis RW. Indazole and Benzoisoxazole Compounds as Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Treating Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:763-764. [PMID: 35586439 PMCID: PMC9109513 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ram W. Sabnis
- Smith, Gambrell & Russell LLP, 1105 West Peachtree Street NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, Georgia 30309, United States
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54
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Guéguinou M, Ibrahim S, Bourgeais J, Robert A, Pathak T, Zhang X, Crottès D, Dupuy J, Ternant D, Monbet V, Guibon R, Flores-Romero H, Lefèvre A, Lerondel S, Le Pape A, Dumas JF, Frank PG, Girault A, Chautard R, Guéraud F, García-Sáez AJ, Ouaissi M, Emond P, Sire O, Hérault O, Fromont-Hankard G, Vandier C, Tougeron D, Trebak M, Raoul W, Lecomte T. Curcumin and NCLX inhibitors share anti-tumoral mechanisms in microsatellite-instability-driven colorectal cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:284. [PMID: 35526196 PMCID: PMC11072810 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent evidences highlight a role of the mitochondria calcium homeostasis in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To overcome treatment resistance, we aimed to evaluate the role of the mitochondrial sodium-calcium-lithium exchanger (NCLX) and its targeting in CRC. We also identified curcumin as a new inhibitor of NCLX. METHODS We examined whether curcumin and pharmacological compounds induced the inhibition of NCLX-mediated mitochondrial calcium (mtCa2+) extrusion, the role of redox metabolism in this process. We evaluated their anti-tumorigenic activity in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. We analyzed NCLX expression and associations with survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and in tissue microarrays from 381 patients with microsatellite instability (MSI)-driven CRC. RESULTS In vitro, curcumin exerted strong anti-tumoral activity through its action on NCLX with mtCa2+ and reactive oxygen species overload associated with a mitochondrial membrane depolarization, leading to reduced ATP production and apoptosis. NCLX inhibition with pharmacological and molecular approaches reproduced the effects of curcumin. NCLX inhibitors decreased CRC tumor growth in vivo. Both transcriptomic analysis of TCGA dataset and immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays demonstrated that higher NCLX expression was associated with MSI status, and for the first time, NCLX expression was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a novel anti-tumoral mechanism of curcumin through its action on NCLX and mitochondria calcium overload that could benefit for therapeutic schedule of patients with MSI CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Guéguinou
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France.
| | | | | | - Alison Robert
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Trayambak Pathak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - David Crottès
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Jacques Dupuy
- TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology)-Team E9-PPCA, Université de Toulouse, UMR 1331 INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Ternant
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- EA4245 Transplant Immunology and Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Monbet
- IRMAR Mathematics Research Institute of Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6625, Rennes, France
| | - Roseline Guibon
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Hector Flores-Romero
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antoine Lefèvre
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Jean-François Dumas
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Alban Girault
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR UPJV 4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Françoise Guéraud
- TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology)-Team E9-PPCA, Université de Toulouse, UMR 1331 INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mehdi Ouaissi
- EA4245 Transplant Immunology and Inflammation, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Sire
- IRDL Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme, UMR-CNRS, 06027, Vannes, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Fromont-Hankard
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - David Tougeron
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Poitiers University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of Poitiers, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - William Raoul
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Thierry Lecomte
- EA 7501 GICC, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
- N2C, Nutrition Growth and Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France.
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.
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55
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So J, Lewis AC, Smith LK, Stanley K, Franich R, Yoannidis D, Pijpers L, Dominguez P, Hogg SJ, Vervoort SJ, Brown FC, Johnstone RW, McDonald G, Ulanet DB, Murtie J, Gruber E, Kats LM. Inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis targets protein translation in acute myeloid leukemia. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15203. [PMID: 35514210 PMCID: PMC9260210 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes one of the rate‐limiting steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, a pathway that provides essential metabolic precursors for nucleic acids, glycoproteins, and phospholipids. DHODH inhibitors (DHODHi) are clinically used for autoimmune diseases and are emerging as a novel class of anticancer agents, especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) where pyrimidine starvation was recently shown to reverse the characteristic differentiation block in AML cells. Herein, we show that DHODH blockade rapidly shuts down protein translation in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and has potent and selective activity against multiple AML subtypes. Moreover, we find that ablation of CDK5, a gene that is recurrently deleted in AML and related disorders, increases the sensitivity of AML cells to DHODHi. Our studies provide important molecular insights and identify a potential biomarker for an emerging strategy to target AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan So
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Lorey K Smith
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Kym Stanley
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Rheana Franich
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - David Yoannidis
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Lizzy Pijpers
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Pilar Dominguez
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Simon J Hogg
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Fiona C Brown
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | | | - Emily Gruber
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Lev M Kats
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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56
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Mekadim C, Skalnikova HK, Cizkova J, Cizkova V, Palanova A, Horak V, Mrazek J. Dysbiosis of skin microbiome and gut microbiome in melanoma progression. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:63. [PMID: 35216552 PMCID: PMC8881828 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiome alterations are associated with cancer growth and may influence the immune system and response to therapy. Particularly, the gut microbiome has been recently shown to modulate response to melanoma immunotherapy. However, the role of the skin microbiome has not been well explored in the skin tumour microenvironment and the link between the gut microbiome and skin microbiome has not been investigated in melanoma progression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine associations between dysbiosis in the skin and gut microbiome and the melanoma growth using MeLiM porcine model of melanoma progression and spontaneous regression. Results Parallel analysis of cutaneous microbiota and faecal microbiota of the same individuals was performed in 8 to 12 weeks old MeLiM piglets. The bacterial composition of samples was analysed by high throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. A significant difference in microbiome diversity and richness between melanoma tissue and healthy skin and between the faecal microbiome of MeLiM piglets and control piglets were observed. Both Principal Coordinate Analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed dissimilarities between different bacterial communities. Linear discriminant analysis effect size at the genus level determined different potential biomarkers in multiple bacterial communities. Lactobacillus, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium 1 were the most discriminately higher genera in the healthy skin microbiome, while Fusobacterium, Trueperella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Bacteroides were discriminately abundant in melanoma tissue microbiome. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Escherichia-Shigella were associated with the faecal microbiota of MeLiM piglets. Potential functional pathways analysis based on the KEGG database indicated significant differences in the predicted profile metabolisms between the healthy skin microbiome and melanoma tissue microbiome. The faecal microbiome of MeLiM piglets was enriched by genes related to membrane transports pathways allowing for the increase of intestinal permeability and alteration of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Conclusion The associations between melanoma progression and dysbiosis in the skin microbiome as well as dysbiosis in the gut microbiome were identified. Results provide promising information for further studies on the local skin and gut microbiome involvement in melanoma progression and may support the development of new therapeutic approaches. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02458-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Mekadim
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Cizkova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Cizkova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Palanova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Horak
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mrazek
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Quantitative Metabolomics of Tissue, Perfusate, and Bile from Rat Livers Subjected to Normothermic Machine Perfusion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030538. [PMID: 35327340 PMCID: PMC8945564 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine perfusion (MP) allows the maintenance of liver cells in a metabolically active state ex vivo and can potentially revert metabolic perturbations caused by donor warm ischemia, procurement, and static cold storage (SCS). The present preclinical research investigated the metabolic outcome of the MP procedure by analyzing rat liver tissue, bile, and perfusate samples by means of high-field (600 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. An established rat model of normothermic MP (NMP) was used. Experiments were carried out with the addition of an oxygen carrier (OxC) to the perfusion fluid (OxC-NMP, n = 5) or without (h-NMP, n = 5). Bile and perfusate samples were collected throughout the procedure, while biopsies were only taken at the end of NMP. Two additional groups were: (1) Native, in which tissue or bile specimens were collected from rats in resting conditions; and (2) SCS, in which biopsies were taken from cold-stored livers. Generally, NMP groups showed a distinctive metabolomic signature in all the analyzed biological matrices. In particular, many of the differentially expressed metabolites were involved in mitochondrial biochemical pathways. Succinate, acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, creatine, and O-phosphocholine were deeply modulated in ex vivo perfused livers compared to both the Native and SCS groups. These novel results demonstrate a broad modulation of mitochondrial metabolism during NMP that exceeds energy production and redox balance maintenance.
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58
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Walter M, Herr P. Re-Discovery of Pyrimidine Salvage as Target in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040739. [PMID: 35203388 PMCID: PMC8870348 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides are synthesized through two distinct pathways: de novo synthesis and nucleoside salvage. Whereas the de novo pathway synthesizes nucleotides from amino acids and glucose, the salvage pathway recovers nucleosides or bases formed during DNA or RNA degradation. In contrast to high proliferating non-malignant cells, which are highly dependent on the de novo synthesis, cancer cells can switch to the nucleoside salvage pathways to maintain efficient DNA replication. Pyrimidine de novo synthesis remains the target of interest in cancer therapy and several inhibitors showed promising results in cancer cells and in vivo models. In the 1980s and 1990s, poor responses were however observed in clinical trials with several of the currently existing pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors. To overcome the observed limitations in clinical trials, targeting pyrimidine salvage alone or in combination with pyrimidine de novo inhibitors was suggested. Even though this approach showed initially promising results, it received fresh attention only recently. Here we discuss the re-discovery of targeting pyrimidine salvage pathways for DNA replication alone or in combination with inhibitors of pyrimidine de novo synthesis to overcome limitations of commonly used antimetabolites in various preclinical cancer models and clinical trials. We also highlight newly emerged targets in pyrimidine synthesis as well as pyrimidine salvage as a promising target in immunotherapy.
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59
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Meng W, Palmer JD, Siedow M, Haque SJ, Chakravarti A. Overcoming Radiation Resistance in Gliomas by Targeting Metabolism and DNA Repair Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042246. [PMID: 35216362 PMCID: PMC8880405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas represent a wide spectrum of brain tumors characterized by their high invasiveness, resistance to chemoradiotherapy, and both intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity. Recent advances in transomics studies revealed that enormous abnormalities exist in different biological layers of glioma cells, which include genetic/epigenetic alterations, RNA expressions, protein expression/modifications, and metabolic pathways, which provide opportunities for development of novel targeted therapeutic agents for gliomas. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, as well as one of the oldest fields in cancer biology research. Altered cancer cell metabolism not only provides energy and metabolites to support tumor growth, but also mediates the resistance of tumor cells to antitumor therapies. The interactions between cancer metabolism and DNA repair pathways, and the enhancement of radiotherapy sensitivity and assessment of radiation response by modulation of glioma metabolism are discussed herein.
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60
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Sabnis RW. Biaryl Compounds as Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Treating Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML). ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:158-159. [PMID: 35178168 PMCID: PMC8842110 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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61
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Sabnis RW. Heterocyclic Compounds as Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Treating Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML). ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1641-1642. [PMID: 34795852 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ram W. Sabnis
- Smith, Gambrell & Russell LLP, 1230 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 3100, Atlanta, Georgia 30309, United States
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62
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Zeng Z, Jiang X, Pan Z, Zhou R, Lin Z, Tang Y, Cui Y, Zhang E, Cao Z. Highly expressed centromere protein L indicates adverse survival and associates with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22802-22829. [PMID: 34607313 PMCID: PMC8544325 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by rapid progression, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Early prediction for the prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy is of great significance to improve the survival of HCC patients. However, there is still no reliable predictor at present. This study is aimed to explore the role of centromere protein L (CENPL) in predicting prognosis and its association with immune infiltration in HCC. METHODS The expression of CENPL was identified through analyzing the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data. The association between CENPL expression and clinicopathological features was investigated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test or Kruskal Wallis test and logistic regression. The role of CENPL in prognosis was examined via Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test as well as univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Besides, in TIMER and GEPIA database, we investigated the correlation between CENPL level and immunocyte and immunocyte markers, and the prognostic-related methylation sites in CENPL were identified by MethSurv. RESULTS CENPL had a high expression in HCC samples. Increased CENPL was prominently associated with unfavorable survival, and maybe an independent prognostic factor of worse overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free interval (DFI), progression-free interval (PFI). Additionally, CENPL expression was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and some markers. CENPL also contained a methylation site that was notably related to poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Elevated CENPL may be a promising prognostic marker and associate with immune infiltration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zeng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
| | - Zhibin Pan
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruisheng Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
| | - Zhuangteng Lin
- Department of Medical Technologic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518000, PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Oncology, Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518000, PR China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510150, PR China
| | - Enxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518000, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zebiao Cao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, PR China
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