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Direct and indirect influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on enhancing metal tolerance of plants. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sun Q, Fu Z, Finlay R, Lian B. Transcriptome Analysis Provides Novel Insights into the Capacity of the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Amanita pantherina To Weather K-Containing Feldspar and Apatite. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e00719-19. [PMID: 31126945 PMCID: PMC6643233 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00719-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, symbiotically associated with woody plants, markedly improve the uptake of mineral nutrients such as potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) by their host trees. Although it is well known that ECM fungi can obtain K and P from soil minerals through biological weathering, the mechanisms regulating this process are still poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the ECM fungus Amanita pantherina in weathering K-containing feldspar and apatite using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and validated these results for differentially expressed genes using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that A. pantherina was able to improve relevant metabolic processes, such as promoting the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and steroids in the weathering of K-containing feldspar and apatite. The expression of genes encoding ion transporters was markedly enhanced during exposure to solid K-containing feldspar and apatite, and transcripts of the high-affinity K transporter ApHAK1, belonging to the HAK family, were significantly upregulated. The results also demonstrated that there was no upregulation of organic acid biosynthesis, reflecting the weak weathering capacity of the A. pantherina isolate used in this study, especially its inability to utilize P in apatite. Our findings suggest that under natural conditions in forests, some ECM fungi with low weathering potential of their own may instead enhance the uptake of mineral nutrients using their high-affinity ion transporter systems.IMPORTANCE In this study, we revealed the molecular mechanism and possible strategies of A. pantherina with weak weathering potential in the uptake of insoluble mineral nutrients by using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and found that ApHAK1, a K transporter gene of this fungus, plays a very important role in the acquisition of K and P. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi play critical roles in the uptake of woody plant nutrients in forests that are usually characterized by nutrient limitation and in maintaining the stability of forest ecosystems. However, the regulatory mechanisms of ECM fungi in acquiring nutrients from minerals/rocks are poorly understood. This study investigated the transcriptional regulation of A. pantherina weathering K-containing feldspar and apatite and improves the understanding of fungal-plant interactions in promoting plant nutrition enabling increased productivity in sustainable forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibiao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Roger Finlay
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bin Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Guerrero-Galán C, Calvo-Polanco M, Zimmermann SD. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis helps plants to challenge salt stress conditions. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:291-301. [PMID: 31011805 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an environmental condition that is currently increasing worldwide. Plant growth under salinity induces osmotic stress and ion toxicity impairing root water and nutrient absorption, but the association with beneficial soil microorganisms has been linked to an improved adaptation to this constraint. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis has been proposed as a key factor for a better tolerance of woody species to salt stress, thanks to the reduction of sodium (Na+) uptake towards photosynthetic organs. Although no precise mechanisms for this enhanced plant salt tolerance have been described yet, in this review, we summarize the knowledge accumulated so far on the role of ECM symbiosis. Moreover, we propose several strategies by which ECM fungi might help plants, including restriction of Na+ entrance into plant tissues and improvement of mineral nutrition and water balances. This positive effect of ECM fungi has been proven in field assays and the results obtained point to a promising application in forestry cultures and reforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Guerrero-Galán
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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Haro R, Benito B. The Role of Soil Fungi in K + Plant Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133169. [PMID: 31261721 PMCID: PMC6651076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
K+ is an essential cation and the most abundant in plant cells. After N, its corresponding element, K, is the nutrient required in the largest amounts by plants. Despite the numerous roles of K in crop production, improvements in the uptake and efficiency of use of K have not been major focuses in conventional or transgenic breeding studies in the past. In research on the mineral nutrition of plants in general, and K in particular, this nutrient has been shown to be essential to soil-dwelling-microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, protozoa, nematodes, etc.) that form mutualistic associations and that can influence the availability of mineral nutrients for plants. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview of the role of soil microorganisms in supplying K+ to plants, considering both the potassium-solubilizing microorganisms and the potassium-facilitating microorganisms that are in close contact with the roots of plants. These microorganisms can influence the active transporter-mediated transfer of K+. Regarding the latter group of microorganisms, special focus is placed on the role of endophytic fungus. This review also includes a discussion on productivity through sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Haro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA). Campus Montegancedo UPM. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223-Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA). Campus Montegancedo UPM. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223-Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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Liu J, Liu J, Liu J, Cui M, Huang Y, Tian Y, Chen A, Xu G. The Potassium Transporter SlHAK10 Is Involved in Mycorrhizal Potassium Uptake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:465-479. [PMID: 30760639 PMCID: PMC6501096 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants form a root symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which receive fixed carbon from the plant and enhance the plant's uptake of mineral nutrients. AM symbiosis improves the phosphorous and nitrogen nutrition of host plants; however, little is known about the role of AM symbiosis in potassium (K+) nutrition. Here, we report that inoculation with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis improved tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant growth and K+ acquisition and that K+ deficiency has a negative effect on root growth and AM colonization. Based on its homology to a Lotus japonicus AM-induced K+ transporter, we identified a mycorrhiza-specific tomato K+ transporter, SlHAK10 (Solanum lycopersicum High-affinity Potassium Transporter10), that was exclusively expressed in arbuscule-containing cells. SlHAK10 could restore a yeast K+ uptake-defective mutant in the low-affinity concentration range. Loss of function of SlHAK10 led to a significant decrease in mycorrhizal K+ uptake and AM colonization rate under low-K+ conditions but did not affect arbuscule development. Overexpressing SlHAK10 from the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter or the AM-specific Solanum melongena Phosphate Transporter4 not only improved plant growth and K+ uptake but also increased AM colonization efficiency and soluble sugar content in roots supplied with low K+ Our results indicate that tomato plants have a SlHAK10-mediated mycorrhizal K+ uptake pathway and that improved plant K+ nutrition could increase carbohydrate accumulation in roots, which facilitates AM fungal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Miaomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Soil Physicochemical Properties and the Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Community in a Mulberry (Morus alba L.)/Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Intercropping System. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of soil fungal communities is very useful in revealing the effects of an agroforestry system and would also help us to understand the fungi-mediated effects of agricultural practices on the processes of soil nutrient cycling and crop productivity. Compared to conventional monoculture farming, agroforestry systems have obvious advantages in improving land use efficiency and maintaining soil physicochemical properties, reducing losses of water, soil material, organic matter, and nutrients, as well as ensuring the stability of yields. In this study, we attempted to investigate the impact of a mulberry/alfalfa intercropping system on the soil physicochemical properties and the rhizosphere fungal characteristics (such as the diversity and structure of the fungal community), and to analyze possible correlations among the planting pattern, the soil physicochemical factors, and the fungal community structure. In the intercropping and monoculture systems, we determined the soil physicochemical properties using chemical analysis and the fungal community structure with MiSeq sequencing of the fungal ITS1 region. The results showed that intercropping significantly improved the soil physicochemical properties of alfalfa (total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, and total carbon contents). Sequencing results showed that the dominant taxonomic groups were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota. Intercropping increased the fungal richness of mulberry and alfalfa rhizosphere soils and improved the fungal diversity of mulberry. The diversity and structure of the fungal community were predominantly influenced by both the planting pattern and soil environmental factors (total nitrogen, total phosphate, and total carbon). Variance partitioning analysis showed that the planting pattern explained 25.9% of the variation of the fungal community structure, and soil environmental factors explained 63.1% of the variation. Planting patterns and soil physicochemical properties conjointly resulted in changes of the soil fungal community structure in proportion.
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Zeng W, Zhang J, Wang W. Strong root respiration response to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in nitrogen-limited temperate forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:646-655. [PMID: 29909332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient availability is one of the key regulator of the global forest carbon balance. The use of fossil fuels and fertilizers has increased the amount of biologically reactive nitrogen (N) in recent decades and N fertilization also changes the availability of other nutrients such as phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). The increased soil nutrient availability is known to stimulate forest growth, but we currently lack comprehensive understanding of the response of soil respiration and its three components (roots, microbes, and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi) to the increased soil N, P and K availability. We conducted a 4-year field fertilization experiment with N, P and K addition in an N-limited temperate forest and separated ECM fungi respiration (Rm), root respiration (Rr) and heterotrophic microbial respiration (Rh) from total soil respiration. Our results showed that Rr increased with N and P addition while Rh and Rm did not respond to nutrient addition. Rm, Rr and Rh varied substantially from year to year, but their responses to nutrient addition did not fluctuate in different years. Our results indicate that in N-limited forest ecosystems, Rh and Rm may not respond substantially to future changes in nutrient addition and that inter-annual variation in climate may be the determinant of soil CO2 efflux in response to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zeng
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, the Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiangyong Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, the Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, the Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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58
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Hashem A, Alqarawi AA, Radhakrishnan R, Al-Arjani ABF, Aldehaish HA, Egamberdieva D, Abd_Allah EF. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate the oxidative system, hormones and ionic equilibrium to trigger salt stress tolerance in Cucumis sativus L. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1102-1114. [PMID: 30174509 PMCID: PMC6117372 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) association increases plant stress tolerance. This study aimed to determine the mitigation effect of AMF on the growth and metabolic changes of cucumbers under adverse impact of salt stress. Salinity reduced the water content and synthesis of pigments. However, AMF inoculation ameliorated negative effects by enhancing the biomass, synthesis of pigments, activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and the content of ascorbic acid, which might be the result of lower level lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. An accumulation of phenols and proline in AMF-inoculated plants also mediated the elimination of superoxide radicals. In addition, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and several important mineral elements (K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) were enhanced with significant reductions in the uptake of deleterious ions like Na+. These results suggested that AMF can protect cucumber growth from salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Horiah Abdulaziz Aldehaish
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Guerrero-Galán C, Garcia K, Houdinet G, Zimmermann SD. HcTOK1 participates in the maintenance of K + homeostasis in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum, which is essential for the symbiotic K + nutrition of Pinus pinaster. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1480845. [PMID: 29939816 PMCID: PMC6110361 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1480845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants rely on root symbioses to complement or improve their mineral nutrition. Recent researches have put forward that mycorrhizal fungi efficiently absorb and transfer potassium (K+) from the soil to host plant roots, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not completely elucidated yet. We have recently revealed that K+ is likely released from the fungal Hartig net to the plant by TOK channels in the ectomycorrhizal model Hebeloma cylindrosporum - Pinus pinaster. H. cylindrosporum harbours three TOK members. Herein, we report that one of them, HcTOK1, has similar features than the yeast ScTOK1. Moreover, we propose a role for this channel in the transport of K+ from the medium to ectomycorrhizal roots under K+ starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Guerrero-Galán
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - K. Garcia
- Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota USA
| | - G. Houdinet
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - S. D. Zimmermann
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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60
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Ahmad H, Hayat S, Ali M, Liu T, Cheng Z. The combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation ( Glomus versiforme) and 28-homobrassinolide spraying intervals improves growth by enhancing photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and antioxidant system in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) under salinity. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5724-5740. [PMID: 29938088 PMCID: PMC6010694 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major obstacles in the agriculture industry causing huge losses in productivity. Several strategies such as plant growth regulators with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been used to decrease the negative effects of salt stress. In our experiment, 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) with spraying intervals was combined with AMF (Glomus versiforme) in cucumber cultivars Jinyou 1# (salt sensitive) and (Changchun mici, in short, CCMC, salt tolerant) under NaCl (100 mmol/L). Studies have documented that the foliar application of HBL and AMF colonization can enhance tolerance to plants under stress conditions. However, the mechanism of the HBL spraying intervals after 15 and 30 days in combination with AMF in cucumber under salt stress is still unknown. Our results revealed that the HBL spraying interval after 15 days in combination with AMF resulted in improved growth, photosynthesis, and decreased sodium toxicity under NaCl. Moreover, the antioxidant enzymes SOD (superoxide dismutase; EC 1.15.1.1) and POD activity (peroxidase; EC 1.11.1.7) showed a gradual increase after every 10 days, while the CAT (catalase; EC 1.11.1.6) increased after 30 days of salt treatments in both cultivars. This research suggests that the enhanced tolerance to salinity was mainly related to elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes and lower uptake of Na+, which lowers the risk of ion toxicity and decreases cell membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Ahmad
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Sikandar Hayat
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Tao Liu
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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61
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Guerrero-Galán C, Delteil A, Garcia K, Houdinet G, Conéjéro G, Gaillard I, Sentenac H, Zimmermann SD. Plant potassium nutrition in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: properties and roles of the three fungal TOK potassium channels in Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:1873-1887. [PMID: 29614209 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi play an essential role in the ecology of boreal and temperate forests through the improvement of tree mineral nutrition. Potassium (K+ ) is an essential nutrient for plants and is needed in high amounts. We recently demonstrated that the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum improves the K+ nutrition of Pinus pinaster under shortage conditions. Part of the transport systems involved in K+ uptake by the fungus has been deciphered, while the molecular players responsible for the transfer of this cation towards the plant remain totally unknown. Analysis of the genome of H. cylindrosporum revealed the presence of three putative tandem-pore outward-rectifying K+ (TOK) channels that could contribute to this transfer. Here, we report the functional characterization of these three channels through two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments in oocytes and yeast complementation assays. The expression pattern and physiological role of these channels were analysed in symbiotic interaction with P. pinaster. Pine seedlings colonized by fungal transformants overexpressing two of them displayed a larger accumulation of K+ in shoots. This study revealed that TOK channels have distinctive properties and functions in axenic and symbiotic conditions and suggested that HcTOK2.2 is implicated in the symbiotic transfer of K+ from the fungus towards the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Guerrero-Galán
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Delteil
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin Garcia
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Gabriella Houdinet
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Conéjéro
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,Plateforme Histocytologie et Imagerie Cellulaire Végétale, INRA-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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62
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Bowman EA, Arnold AE. Distributions of ectomycorrhizal and foliar endophytic fungal communities associated with Pinus ponderosa along a spatially constrained elevation gradient. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:687-699. [PMID: 29756204 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Understanding distributions of plant-symbiotic fungi is important for projecting responses to environmental change. Many coniferous trees host ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) in association with roots and foliar endophytic fungi (FE) in leaves. We examined how EM and FE associated with Pinus ponderosa each vary in abundance, diversity, and community structure over a spatially constrained elevation gradient that traverses four plant communities, 4°C in mean annual temperature, and 15 cm in mean annual precipitation. METHODS We sampled 63 individuals of Pinus ponderosa in 10 sites along a 635 m elevation gradient that encompassed a geographic distance of 9.8 km. We used standard methods to characterize each fungal group (amplified and sequenced EM from root tips; isolated and sequenced FE from leaves). KEY RESULTS Abundance and diversity of EM were similar across sites, but community composition and distributions of the most common EM differed with elevation (i.e., with climate, soil chemistry, and plant communities). Abundance and composition of FE did not differ with elevation, but diversity peaked in mid-to-high elevations. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest relatively tight linkages between EM and climate, soil chemistry, and plant communities. That FE appear less linked with these factors may speak to limitations of a culture-based approach, but more likely reflects the small spatial scale encompassed by our study. Future work should consider comparable methods for characterizing these functional groups, and additional transects to understand relationships of EM and FE to environmental factors that are likely to shift as a function of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bowman
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
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63
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Diversity and Enzyme Activity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities Following Nitrogen Fertilization in an Urban-Adjacent Pine Plantation. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abu-Elsaoud AM, Nafady NA, Abdel-Azeem AM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal strategy for zinc mycoremediation and diminished translocation to shoots and grains in wheat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188220. [PMID: 29145471 PMCID: PMC5690681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoremediation is an on-site remediation strategy, which employs fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants from the environment. The present work focused on the bioremediation of soils contaminated with zinc by the use of a native mycorrhizal fungi (AM) called Funneliformis geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Schüßler. Experiments were performed using Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gemmeza-10 at different concentrations of Zn (50, 100, 200 mg kg-1) and inoculated with or without F. geosporum. The results showed that the dry weight of mycorrhizal wheat increased at Zn stressed plants as compared to the non-Zn-stressed control plants. The concentrations of Zn also had an inhibitory effect on the yield of dry root and shoot of non-mycorrhizal wheat. The photosynthetic pigment fractions were significantly affected by Zn treatments and mycorrhizal inoculation, where in all treatments, the content of the photosynthetic pigment fractions decreased as the Zn concentration increased in the soil. However, the level of minerals of shoots, roots, and grains was greatly influenced by Zn-treatment and by inoculation with F. geosporum. Treatment with Zn in the soil increased Cu and Zn concentrations in the root, shoot and grains, however, other minerals (P, S, K, Ca and Fe) concentration was decreased. Inoculation of wheat with AM fungi significantly reduced the accumulation of Zn and depressed its translocation in shoots and grains of wheat. In conclusion, inoculation with a native F. geosporum-improves yields of wheat under higher levels of Zn and is possible to be applied for the improvement of zinc contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nivien A. Nafady
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Battini F, Grønlund M, Agnolucci M, Giovannetti M, Jakobsen I. Facilitation of phosphorus uptake in maize plants by mycorrhizosphere bacteria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4686. [PMID: 28680077 PMCID: PMC5498536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for agriculture is to provide sufficient plant nutrients such as phosphorus (P) to meet the global food demand. The sufficiency of P is a concern because of it's essential role in plant growth, the finite availability of P-rock for fertilizer production and the poor plant availability of soil P. This study investigated whether biofertilizers and bioenhancers, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their associated bacteria could enhance growth and P uptake in maize. Plants were grown with or without mycorrhizas in compartmented pots with radioactive P tracers and were inoculated with each of 10 selected bacteria isolated from AMF spores. Root colonization by AMF produced large plant growth responses, while seven bacterial strains further facilitated root growth and P uptake by promoting the development of AMF extraradical mycelium. Among the tested strains, Streptomyces sp. W94 produced the largest increases in uptake and translocation of 33P, while Streptomyces sp. W77 highly enhanced hyphal length specific uptake of 33P. The positive relationship between AMF-mediated P absorption and shoot P content was significantly influenced by the bacteria inoculants and such results emphasize the potential importance of managing both AMF and their microbiota for improving P acquisition by crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Battini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy.
| | - Mette Grønlund
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800, Kgs., Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monica Agnolucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovannetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Iver Jakobsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800, Kgs., Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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66
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Garcia K, Ané JM. Polymorphic responses of Medicago truncatula accessions to potassium deprivation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1307494. [PMID: 28340327 PMCID: PMC5437819 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1307494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plants and the most abundant cation in cells. Due to variable K+ availability in the environment, plants must be able to adjust their developmental, physiological and transcriptional responses. The plant development to K+ deprivation was not well studied in legumes thus far. We recently described the first adaptation mechanisms of the model legume Medicago truncatula Jemalong A17 to long-term K+ deprivation and analyzed these responses in the context of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Here we report polymorphic growth variations of two genetically very different accessions of M. truncatula to K+-limiting conditions, Jemalong A17, and the Tunisian accession Tn11.1. The faster adaptation of Tn11.1 than A17 to K+ shortage might be due to its greater adaptation to saline soils. Examining in a more systematic way the developmental adaptation of various M. truncatula accessions to K+ deprivation will provide a better understanding of how legume evolved to cope with this stressful condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Garcia
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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67
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Zhang H, Wei S, Hu W, Xiao L, Tang M. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Increased Potassium Content and Expression of Genes Encoding Potassium Channels in Lycium barbarum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:440. [PMID: 28424720 PMCID: PMC5372814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Potassium in plants accounts for up to 10% dry weight, and participates in different physiological processes. Under drought stress, plant requires more potassium but potassium availability in soil solutes is lowered by decreased soil water content. Forming symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi not only enlarges exploration range of plant for mineral nutrients and water in soil, but also improves plant drought tolerance. However, the regulation of AM fungi on plant root potassium uptake and translocation from root to shoot was less reported. In current study, the effect of an AM fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis), potassium application (0, 2, and 8 mM), and drought stress (30% field capacity) on Lycium barbarum growth and potassium status was analyzed. Ten weeks after inoculation, R. irregularis colonized more than 58% roots of L. barbarum seedlings, and increased plant growth as well as potassium content. Potassium application increased colonization rate of R. irregularis, plant growth, potassium content, and decreased root/shoot ratio. Drought stress increased colonization rate of R. irregularis and potassium content. Expression of two putative potassium channel genes in root, LbKT1 and LbSKOR, was positively correlated with potassium content in root and leaves, as well as the colonization rate of R. irregularis. The increased L. barbarum growth, potassium content and genes expression, especially under drought stress, suggested that R. irregularis could improve potassium uptake of L. barbarum root and translocation from root to shoot. Whether AM fungi could form a specific mycorrhizal pathway for plant potassium uptake deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Suzhen Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Weihai Ocean Vocational CollegeRongcheng, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Longmin Xiao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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68
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Garcia K, Chasman D, Roy S, Ané JM. Physiological Responses and Gene Co-Expression Network of Mycorrhizal Roots under K + Deprivation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1811-1823. [PMID: 28159827 PMCID: PMC5338680 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations enhance the phosphorous and nitrogen nutrition of host plants, but little is known about their role in potassium (K+) nutrition. Medicago truncatula plants were cocultured with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis under high and low K+ regimes for 6 weeks. We determined how K+ deprivation affects plant development and mineral acquisition and how these negative effects are tempered by the AM colonization. The transcriptional response of AM roots under K+ deficiency was analyzed by whole-genome RNA sequencing. K+ deprivation decreased root biomass and external K+ uptake and modulated oxidative stress gene expression in M. truncatula roots. AM colonization induced specific transcriptional responses to K+ deprivation that seem to temper these negative effects. A gene network analysis revealed putative key regulators of these responses. This study confirmed that AM associations provide some tolerance to K+ deprivation to host plants, revealed that AM symbiosis modulates the expression of specific root genes to cope with this nutrient stress, and identified putative regulators participating in these tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Garcia
- Department of Bacteriology (K.G., J.-M.A.), Department of Computer Sciences (S.R.), and Department of Agronomy (J.-M.A.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); and
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 (S.R.)
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Department of Bacteriology (K.G., J.-M.A.), Department of Computer Sciences (S.R.), and Department of Agronomy (J.-M.A.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); and
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 (S.R.)
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Department of Bacteriology (K.G., J.-M.A.), Department of Computer Sciences (S.R.), and Department of Agronomy (J.-M.A.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); and
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 (S.R.)
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology (K.G., J.-M.A.), Department of Computer Sciences (S.R.), and Department of Agronomy (J.-M.A.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); and
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 (S.R.)
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69
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate the Growth and Phyto-Active Compound of Salvia miltiorrhiza Seedlings. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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70
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Rentería-Chávez MC, Pérez-Moreno J, Cetina-Alcalá VM, Ferrera-Cerrato R, Xoconostle-Cázares B. Transferencia de nutrientes y crecimiento de Pinus greggii Engelm. inoculado con hongos comestibles ectomicorrícicos en dos sustratos. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:93-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mycorrhizal fungi belong to several taxa and develop mutualistic symbiotic associations with over 90% of all plant species, from liverworts to angiosperms. While descriptive approaches have dominated the initial studies of these fascinating symbioses, the advent of molecular biology, live cell imaging, and “omics” techniques have provided new and powerful tools to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms that rule mutualistic plant-fungus interactions. In this article we focus on the most common mycorrhizal association, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), which is formed by a group of soil fungi belonging to Glomeromycota. AM fungi are believed to have assisted the conquest of dry lands by early plants around 450 million years ago and are found today in most land ecosystems. AM fungi have several peculiar biological traits, including obligate biotrophy, intracellular development inside the plant tissues, coenocytic multinucleate hyphae, and spores, as well as unique genetics, such as the putative absence of a sexual cycle, and multiple ecological functions. All of these features make the study of AM fungi as intriguing as it is challenging, and their symbiotic association with most crop plants is currently raising a broad interest in agronomic contexts for the potential use of AM fungi in sustainable production under conditions of low chemical input.
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72
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Garcia K, Doidy J, Zimmermann SD, Wipf D, Courty PE. Take a Trip Through the Plant and Fungal Transportome of Mycorrhiza. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:937-950. [PMID: 27514454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil nutrient acquisition and exchanges through symbiotic plant-fungus interactions in the rhizosphere are key features for the current agricultural and environmental challenges. Improved crop yield and plant mineral nutrition through a fungal symbiont has been widely described. In return, the host plant supplies carbon substrates to its fungal partner. We review here recent progress on molecular players of membrane transport involved in nutritional exchanges between mycorrhizal plants and fungi. We cover the transportome, from the transport proteins involved in sugar fluxes from plants towards fungi, to the uptake from the soil and exchange of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, sulfate, and water. Together, these advances in the comprehension of the mycorrhizal transportome will help in developing the future engineering of new agro-ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Garcia
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joan Doidy
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Sabine D Zimmermann
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, 3 rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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73
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Soil conditions moderate the effects of herbivores, but not mycorrhizae, on a native bunchgrass. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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74
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Martin F, Kohler A, Murat C, Veneault-Fourrey C, Hibbett DS. Unearthing the roots of ectomycorrhizal symbioses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2016; 14:760-773. [PMID: 27795567 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During the diversification of Fungi and the rise of conifer-dominated and angiosperm- dominated forests, mutualistic symbioses developed between certain trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi that enabled these trees to colonize boreal and temperate regions. The evolutionary success of these symbioses is evident from phylogenomic analyses that suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungi have arisen in approximately 60 independent saprotrophic lineages, which has led to the wide range of ectomycorrhizal associations that exist today. In this Review, we discuss recent genomic studies that have revealed the adaptations that seem to be fundamental to the convergent evolution of ectomycorrhizal fungi, including the loss of some metabolic functions and the acquisition of effectors that facilitate mutualistic interactions with host plants. Finally, we consider how these insights can be integrated into a model of the development of ectomycorrhizal symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Martin
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystèmes Forestiers (ARBRE), Centre INRA-Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystèmes Forestiers (ARBRE), Centre INRA-Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Claude Murat
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystèmes Forestiers (ARBRE), Centre INRA-Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- Université de Lorraine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'excellence Recherches Avancées sur la Biologie de l'Arbre et les Ecosystèmes Forestiers (ARBRE), 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - David S Hibbett
- Biology Department, Clark University, Lasry Center for Bioscience, 950 Main Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
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75
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Asmelash F, Bekele T, Birhane E. The Potential Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Restoration of Degraded Lands. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1095. [PMID: 27507960 PMCID: PMC4960231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiences worldwide reveal that degraded lands restoration projects achieve little success or fail. Hence, understanding the underlying causes and accordingly, devising appropriate restoration mechanisms is crucial. In doing so, the ever-increasing aspiration and global commitments in degraded lands restoration could be realized. Here we explain that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) biotechnology is a potential mechanism to significantly improve the restoration success of degraded lands. There are abundant scientific evidences to demonstrate that AMF significantly improve soil attributes, increase above and belowground biodiversity, significantly improve tree/shrub seedlings survival, growth and establishment on moisture and nutrient stressed soils. AMF have also been shown to drive plant succession and may prevent invasion by alien species. The very few conditions where infective AMF are low in abundance and diversity is when the soil erodes, is disturbed and is devoid of vegetation cover. These are all common features of degraded lands. Meanwhile, degraded lands harbor low levels of infective AMF abundance and diversity. Therefore, the successful restoration of infective AMF can potentially improve the restoration success of degraded lands. Better AMF inoculation effects result when inocula are composed of native fungi instead of exotics, early seral instead of late seral fungi, and are consortia instead of few or single species. Future research efforts should focus on AMF effect on plant community primary productivity and plant competition. Further investigation focusing on forest ecosystems, and carried out at the field condition is highly recommended. Devising cheap and ethically widely accepted inocula production methods and better ways of AMF in situ management for effective restoration of degraded lands will also remain to be important research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisseha Asmelash
- Forest and Range Land Biodiversity Conservation Directorate, Ethiopian Biodiversity InstituteAddis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Bekele
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Emiru Birhane
- Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle UniversityMekelle, Ethiopia
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅs, Norway
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76
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Berruti A, Lumini E, Balestrini R, Bianciotto V. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Natural Biofertilizers: Let's Benefit from Past Successes. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1559. [PMID: 26834714 PMCID: PMC4717633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) constitute a group of root obligate biotrophs that exchange mutual benefits with about 80% of plants. They are considered natural biofertilizers, since they provide the host with water, nutrients, and pathogen protection, in exchange for photosynthetic products. Thus, AMF are primary biotic soil components which, when missing or impoverished, can lead to a less efficient ecosystem functioning. The process of re-establishing the natural level of AMF richness can represent a valid alternative to conventional fertilization practices, with a view to sustainable agriculture. The main strategy that can be adopted to achieve this goal is the direct re-introduction of AMF propagules (inoculum) into a target soil. Originally, AMF were described to generally lack host- and niche-specificity, and therefore suggested as agriculturally suitable for a wide range of plants and environmental conditions. Unfortunately, the assumptions that have been made and the results that have been obtained so far are often worlds apart. The problem is that success is unpredictable since different plant species vary their response to the same AMF species mix. Many factors can affect the success of inoculation and AMF persistence in soil, including species compatibility with the target environment, the degree of spatial competition with other soil organisms in the target niche and the timing of inoculation. Thus, it is preferable to take these factors into account when "tuning" an inoculum to a target environment in order to avoid failure of the inoculation process. Genomics and transcriptomics have led to a giant step forward in the research field of AMF, with consequent major advances in the current knowledge on the processes involved in their interaction with the host-plant and other soil organisms. The history of AMF applications in controlled and open-field conditions is now long. A review of biofertilization experiments, based on the use of AMF, has here been proposed, focusing on a few important factors that could increase the odds or jeopardize the success of the inoculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Turin UOS, National Research CouncilTorino, Italy
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77
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Ruiz-Lau N, Bojórquez-Quintal E, Benito B, Echevarría-Machado I, Sánchez-Cach LA, Medina-Lara MDF, Martínez-Estévez M. Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of a Na +-Insensitive K + Transporter of Capsicum chinense Jacq. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1980. [PMID: 28083010 PMCID: PMC5186809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity K+ (HAK) transporters are encoded by a large family of genes and are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. These HAK-type transporters participate in low- and high-affinity potassium (K+) uptake and are crucial for the maintenance of K+ homeostasis under hostile conditions. In this study, the full-length cDNA of CcHAK1 gene was isolated from roots of the habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense). CcHAK1 expression was positively regulated by K+ starvation in roots and was not inhibited in the presence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis placed the CcHAK1 transporter in group I of the HAK K+ transporters, showing that it is closely related to Capsicum annuum CaHAK1 and Solanum lycopersicum LeHAK5. Characterization of the protein in a yeast mutant deficient in high-affinity K+ uptake (WΔ3) suggested that CcHAK1 function is associated with high-affinity K+ uptake, with Km and Vmax for Rb of 50 μM and 0.52 nmol mg-1 min-1, respectively. K+ uptake in yeast expressing the CcHAK1 transporter was inhibited by millimolar concentrations of the cations ammonium ([Formula: see text]) and cesium (Cs+) but not by sodium (Na+). The results presented in this study suggest that the CcHAK1 transporter may contribute to the maintenance of K+ homeostasis in root cells in C. chinense plants undergoing K+-deficiency and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ruiz-Lau
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
- CONACYT, Instituto Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla GutiérrezTuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - Emanuel Bojórquez-Quintal
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
- CONACYT, Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio, Colegio de MichoacánZamora, Mexico
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Ileana Echevarría-Machado
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
| | - Lucila A. Sánchez-Cach
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
| | - María de Fátima Medina-Lara
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
| | - Manuel Martínez-Estévez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánMérida, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Manuel Martínez-Estévez
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Henke C, Jung EM, Kothe E. Hartig' net formation of Tricholoma vaccinum-spruce ectomycorrhiza in hydroponic cultures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19394-9. [PMID: 25791268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For re-forestation of metal-contaminated land, ectomycorrhizal trees may provide a solution. Hence, the study of the interaction is necessary to allow for comprehensive understanding of the mutually symbiotic features. On a structural level, hyphal mantle and the Hartig' net formed in the root apoplast are essential for plant protection and mycorrhizal functioning. As a model, we used the basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum and its host spruce (Picea abies). Using an optimized hydroponic cultivation system, both features could be visualized and lower stress response of the tree was obtained in non-challenged cultivation. Larger spaces in the apoplasts could be shown with high statistical significance. The easy accessibility will allow to address metal stress or molecular responses in both partners. Additionally, the proposed cultivation system will enable for other experimental applications like addressing flooding, biological interactions with helper bacteria, chemical signaling, or other biotic or abiotic challenges relevant in the natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Henke
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07734, Jena, Germany.
| | - Elke-Martina Jung
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07734, Jena, Germany
| | - Erika Kothe
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07734, Jena, Germany
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Augé RM, Toler HD, Saxton AM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and osmotic adjustment in response to NaCl stress: a meta-analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:562. [PMID: 25368626 PMCID: PMC4201091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can enhance plant resistance to NaCl stress in several ways. Two fundamental roles involve osmotic and ionic adjustment. By stimulating accumulation of solutes, the symbiosis can help plants sustain optimal water balance and diminish Na(+) toxicity. The size of the AM effect on osmolytes has varied widely and is unpredictable. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the size of the AM effect on 22 plant solute characteristics after exposure to NaCl and to examine how experimental conditions have influenced the AM effect. Viewed across studies, AM symbioses have had marked effects on plant K(+), increasing root and shoot K(+) concentrations by an average of 47 and 42%, respectively, and root and shoot K(+)/Na(+) ratios by 47 and 58%, respectively. Among organic solutes, soluble carbohydrates have been most impacted, with AM-induced increases of 28 and 19% in shoots and roots. The symbiosis has had no consistent effect on several characteristics, including root glycine betaine concentration, root or shoot Cl(-) concentrations, leaf Ψπ, or shoot proline or polyamine concentrations. The AM effect has been very small for shoot Ca(++) concentration and root concentrations of Na(+), Mg(++) and proline. Interpretations about AM-conferred benefits regarding these compounds may be best gauged within the context of the individual studies. Shoot and root K(+)/Na(+) ratios and root proline concentration showed significant between-study heterogeneity, and we examined nine moderator variables to explore what might explain the differences in mycorrhizal effects on these parameters. Moderators with significant impacts included AM taxa, host type, presence or absence of AM growth promotion, stress severity, and whether NaCl constituted part or all of the experimental saline stress treatment. Meta-regression of shoot K(+)/Na(+) ratio showed a positive response to root colonization, and root K(+)/Na(+) ratio a negative response to time of exposure to NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Augé
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
| | - Heather D. Toler
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
| | - Arnold M. Saxton
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
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