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Pouriamehr S, Barmaki H, Rastegary M, Lotfi F, Nabi Afjadi M. Investigation of insulin-like growth factors/insulin-like growth factor binding proteins regulation in metabolic syndrome patients. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:653. [PMID: 31601230 PMCID: PMC6788073 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are thought to play a significant role in metabolic pathways and glucose metabolism. Unregulated levels of IGFs/IGFBPs have been associated with the development of glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome X (MSx). We hypothesized that change of IGFs/IGFBPs levels could increase the risk of MSx; thus, this study aimed to evaluate the serostatus of IGFs/IGFBPs in individuals with MSx. RESULTS After adjustment for metabolic parameters, MSx patients had a lower level of IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 compared with subjects in the control group. Further analysis revealed a positive correlation between serum levels of IGF-1 and IGF-2 (p < 0.05), as well as serum IGFBP-3 and IGF-2 (p < 0.05). Also, the statistical analysis showed a negative association of serum IGF-1 with plasma glucose and total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05). Besides, a negative relationship was found between serum concentrations of IGF-1/IGF-2 and the risk of developing MSx. These data indicated that some components of IGFs/IGFBPs are linked with the pathogenesis of MSx. In conclusion, these inverse associations showed a possible linkage between the IGF/IGFBP signaling pathway and the development of MSx. It seems the decreased concentrations of IGFs edmay be regarded as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis or even prognosis of MSx but need more systematic studies to confirmed it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Pouriamehr
- Department of Biology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
| | - Haleh Barmaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Para Medical Sciences, Shahid Behest University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Rastegary
- Department of Biology, Basic Science Faculty, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Lotfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Yang G, Chen B, Sun C, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Qin J, Li W. Molecular identification of grouper Igfbp1 and its mRNA expression in primary hepatocytes under Gh and insulin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 281:137-144. [PMID: 31176753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of growth, and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important regulatory factors in the IGF system. Generally, IGFBPs inhibit IGF actions by preventing its binding to receptors. Under some conditions, the IGFBPs can also enhance IGF actions. IGFBP1 is generally inhibitory to IGFI. In this study, the grouper (Epinephelus coioides) igfbp1 (MK621003) gene was cloned from the liver. The sequence of igfbp1 cDNA was 1055 bp and contained a 5'UTR of 127 bp and a 3'UTR of 247 bp, and the ORF of grouper igfbp1 was 741 bp, encoding 246 amino acids. The tissue distribution results showed that igfbp1 has a higher expression in the liver. In the nutritional status experiment, igfbp1 expression was significantly increased in the liver after 7 days of fasting and was markedly decreased after refeeding. In in vitro experiments, igfbp1 expression in grouper primary hepatocytes was significantly inhibited by recombinant grouper Gh (growth hormone) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, igfbp1 expression decreased in grouper primary hepatocytes upon incubation with insulin. This is the first report describing grouper igfbp1, and these findings contribute to understanding the roles of IGFBP1 in metabolism and growth in grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Beichen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingkai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Micielska K, Gmiat A, Zychowska M, Kozlowska M, Walentukiewicz A, Lysak-Radomska A, Jaworska J, Rodziewicz E, Duda-Biernacka B, Ziemann E. The beneficial effects of 15 units of high-intensity circuit training in women is modified by age, baseline insulin resistance and physical capacity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 152:156-165. [PMID: 31102684 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of a single and 15 units of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) programme on glucose metabolism, myokines' response and selected genes' expression in women. METHODS Thirty-three, non-active women (mean age: 38 ± 12) were split into a HICT (n = 20) or a control group (CON, n = 13). The training protocol included three circuits of nine exercises with own body weight as a workload performed 3 times a week for five weeks. The CON group performed HICT twice. Blood samples were taken before, 1 h and 24 h after the first and last unit to determine IGF-1, myostatin, irisin, decorin, HSP27, interleukin-15 concentrations using the ELISA immunoenzymatic method. To evaluate HSPB1, TNF-α and DCN mRNA, real-time PCR was used. Pre- and post-intervention, the oral glucose test and body composition assessment were completed. RESULTS The following parameters tended to decrease after the 5-week HICT program: insulin and HOMA-IR Training diminished insulin/IGF-1 ratio (51% CI: -63% to -34%) and induced the drop of myostatin concentration but significantly only among middle-aged women and at baseline insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Obtained data revealed that HICT improved an insulin sensitivity and diminished myostatin concentration among older, insulin-resistant women with lower baseline physical capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Micielska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Poland
| | - Anna Gmiat
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zychowska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Marta Kozlowska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland
| | - Anna Walentukiewicz
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Health Promotion and Posturology, Poland
| | - Anna Lysak-Radomska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiotherapy, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland
| | - Ewa Rodziewicz
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland
| | - Barbara Duda-Biernacka
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Poland.
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Barbato GM, Cadamuro M, Fabris L. Incretin-based treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of cholangiocarcinoma: Is it only adverse drug effect? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:232-235. [PMID: 30833185 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Fabris
- Division of General Medicine, University-Hospital, Padua, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
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Insulin-like growth factor I, binding proteins -1 and -3, risk of type 2 diabetes and macronutrient intakes in men. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:938-944. [PMID: 30898176 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis may be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes. We examined the associations of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP)-1 and -3 with diabetes risk and evaluated macronutrient intakes related to the observed associations. In a nested case-control study of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study of Finnish male smokers aged 50-69 years, the IGF variables were measured from baseline serum samples for a random sample of 310 men with diabetes diagnosed during a 12-year follow-up and for 310 controls matched by age, recruitment day and intervention group. Diet at baseline was assessed using a validated FFQ. The associations of IGF proteins with diabetes risk were estimated using conditional logistic regression and the associations with macronutrient intakes using linear regression. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were not associated with the incidence of diabetes. Higher IGFBP-1 was associated with lower diabetes risk in an unadjusted crude model (OR 0·25; 95 % CI 0·15, 0·42 in the highest quartile compared with the lowest), but not after adjustment for BMI (corresponding OR 0·76; 95 % CI 0·41, 1·40). Intakes of carbohydrates, plant protein and milk protein associated positively and intake of meat protein and fat negatively with IGFBP-1 (P<0·005). IGFBP-1 was inversely associated with diabetes risk, but the association was substantially dependent on BMI. The associations between macronutrient intakes and IGFBP-1 may reflect influences of nutrients or foods on insulin concentrations.
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Labib PL, Goodchild G, Pereira SP. Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:185. [PMID: 30819129 PMCID: PMC6394015 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from a number of cells of origin along the biliary tree. Although most cases in Western countries are sporadic, large population-based studies have identified a number of risk factors. This review summarises the evidence behind reported risk factors and current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma, with a focus on inflammation and cholestasis as the driving forces in cholangiocarcinoma development. RISK FACTORS FOR CHOLANGIOCARCINOGENESIS Cholestatic liver diseases (e.g. primary sclerosing cholangitis and fibropolycystic liver diseases), liver cirrhosis, and biliary stone disease all increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Certain bacterial, viral or parasitic infections such as hepatitis B and C and liver flukes also increase cholangiocarcinoma risk. Other risk factors include inflammatory disorders (such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic pancreatitis), toxins (e.g. alcohol and tobacco), metabolic conditions (diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and a number of genetic disorders. MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA Regardless of aetiology, most risk factors cause chronic inflammation or cholestasis. Chronic inflammation leads to increased exposure of cholangiocytes to the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6, Tumour Necrosis Factor-ɑ, Cyclo-oxygenase-2 and Wnt, resulting in progressive mutations in tumour suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and DNA mismatch-repair genes. Accumulating bile acids from cholestasis lead to reduced pH, increased apoptosis and activation of ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB pathways that encourage cell proliferation, migration and survival. Other mediators upregulated in cholangiocarcinoma include Transforming Growth Factor-β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Hepatocyte Growth Factor and several microRNAs. Increased expression of the cell surface receptor c-Met, the glucose transporter GLUT-1 and the sodium iodide symporter lead to tumour growth, angiogenesis and cell migration. Stromal changes are also observed, resulting in alterations to the extracellular matrix composition and recruitment of fibroblasts and macrophages that create a microenvironment promoting cell survival, invasion and metastasis. CONCLUSION Regardless of aetiology, most risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma cause chronic inflammation and/or cholestasis, leading to the activation of common intracellular pathways that result in reactive cell proliferation, genetic/epigenetic mutations and cholangiocarcinogenesis. An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma is vital when developing new diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Labib
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - George Goodchild
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Stephen P. Pereira
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
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Holly JMP, Biernacka K, Perks CM. Systemic Metabolism, Its Regulators, and Cancer: Past Mistakes and Future Potential. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:65. [PMID: 30809194 PMCID: PMC6380210 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in cancer metabolism; primarily in the resetting of metabolism within malignant cells. Metabolism within cells has always been a tightly regulated process; initially in protozoans due to metabolic enzymes, and the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate these, being directly sensitive to the availability of nutrients. With the evolution of metazoans many of these controls had been overlaid by extra-cellular regulators that ensured coordinated regulation of metabolism within the community of cells that comprised the organism. Central to these systemic regulators is the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system that throughout evolution has integrated the control of tissue growth with metabolic status. Oncological interest in the main systemic metabolic regulators greatly subsided when pharmaceutical strategies designed to treat cancers failed in the clinic. During the same period, however the explosion of new information from genetics has revealed the complexity and heterogeneity of advanced cancers and helped explain the problems of managing cancer when it reaches such a stage. Evidence has also accumulated implying that the setting of the internal environment determines whether cancers progress to advanced disease and metabolic status is clearly an important component of this local ecology. We are in the midst of an epidemic of metabolic disorders and there is considerable research into strategies for controlling metabolism. Integrating these new streams of information suggests new possibilities for cancer prevention; both primary and secondary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. P. Holly
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Translational Health Science, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Mentoor I, Engelbrecht AM, Nell T. Fatty acids: Adiposity and breast cancer chemotherapy, a bad synergy? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 140:18-33. [PMID: 30553399 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer continues to be a major concern in women's health. Lifestyle related risk factors, specifically excess adipose tissue (adiposity) has reached epidemic proportions and has been identified as a major risk factor in the development of breast cancer. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has evoked research focusing on its association with metabolic-related conditions, breast cancer risk and progression. Adipose dysfunction in coordination with immune cells and inflammation, are responsible for accelerated cell growth and survival of cancer cells. Recently, evidence also implicates adiposity as a potential risk factor for chemotherapy resistance. Chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to negatively impact adipose tissue. Since adipose tissue is a major storage site for fatty acids, it is not unlikely that these negative effects may disrupt adipose tissue homeostasis. It is therefore argued that fatty acid composition may be altered due to the chemotherapeutic pharmacokinetics, which in turn could have severe health related outcomes. The underlying molecular mechanisms elucidating the effects of fatty acid composition in adiposity-linked drug resistance are still unclear and under explored. This review focuses on the potential role of adiposity in breast cancer and specifically emphasizes the role of fatty acids in cancer progression and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | - A-M Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa.
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Salvestrini V, Sell C, Lorenzini A. Obesity May Accelerate the Aging Process. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:266. [PMID: 31130916 PMCID: PMC6509231 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lines of evidence from several studies have shown that increases in life expectancy are now accompanied by increased disability rate. The expanded lifespan of the aging population imposes a challenge on the continuous increase of chronic disease. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in many parts of the world. Further to increasing the onset of metabolic imbalances, obesity leads to reduced life span and affects cellular and molecular processes in a fashion resembling aging. Nine key hallmarks of the aging process have been proposed. In this review, we will review these hallmarks and discuss pathophysiological changes that occur with obesity, that are similar to or contribute to those that occur during aging. We present and discuss the idea that obesity, in addition to having disease-specific effects, may accelerate the rate of aging affecting all aspects of physiology and thus shortening life span and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Salvestrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Sell
- Department of Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Antonello Lorenzini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonello Lorenzini
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Park SY, Kim WJ. A Study of Fecal Calprotectin in Obese Children and Adults. J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:233-237. [PMID: 31089568 PMCID: PMC6513304 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.4.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex, medical condition causally contributing to many chronic diseases and a number of efforts have been made to find the associated markers for novel prevention and treatment of obesity. Our study was to evaluate the relationship between gut immune response and obesity and overweight with use of fecal calprotectin (FC) both in adult and children groups. METHODS Fecal samples were obtained from 74 subjects: 14 non-obese and overweight children (PN), 13 obese and overweight children (PO), 20 non-obese and overweight adults (AN), and 27 obese and overweight adults (AO). FC was measured using a commercial Legend Max quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BioLegend). Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Median FC concentration was 7.9 μg/g (range, 1.9-28.9 μg/g) for PN, 5.0 μg/g (range, 2.6-29.6 μg/g) for PO, 9.5 μg/g (range, 0.8-28.9 μg/g) for AN, and 10.0 μg/g (range, 1.6-25.6 μg/g) for AO, respectively. In both adults and children age groups, the FC showed no statistically significant difference between AO and AN or PO and PN. However, FC showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between AO and PO while not significant between AN and PN. CONCLUSION FC level in AO was significantly higher than that in PO, suggestive of different pathophysiologic mechanism between children obesity and adults obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheju Halla University, Jeju,
Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju,
Korea
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Wang C, Su K, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhao Q, Chu D, Guo R. IR-A/IGF-1R-mediated signals promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of endometrial carcinoma cells by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:295-306. [PMID: 30426831 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC). However, it is not known how insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), cognate receptors for insulin and IGFs, respectively, regulate malignant behaviors of EC. In this study, we examined the biological effects of IR-A/IGF-1R, explored the downstream signaling cascades, and assessed the therapeutic potential of targeting IR-A/IGF-1R in vivo. METHODS The expression levels of IR-A and IGF-1R were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Upon down-regulating IR-A and/or IGF-1R by sh-IR-A and/or sh-IGF-1R, respectively, cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were examined by wound healing, transwell invasion, flow cytometry, and Western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of sh-IR-A and/or sh-IGF-1R on phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT and ERK pathways was measured by Western blotting. Lastly, we monitored xenograft growth and EMT in vivo. RESULTS Both IR-A and IGF-1R were significantly up-regulated in EC cells. Knockdown of IR-A or IGF-1R alone was sufficient to reduce migration and invasion, enhance apoptosis, and inhibit EMT of EC cells, and the most significant alterations were observed in cells co-transfected with sh-IR-A+ sh-IGF-1R. These phenotypes were associated with inactivating PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling by sh-IR-A and/or sh-IGF-1R. Consistent with in vitro findings, sh-IR-A or sh-IGF-1R significantly inhibited xenograft growth and EMT in vivo. CONCLUSION IR-A and IGF-1R-mediated signals, by activating PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways, can induce multiple malignant phenotypes of EC cells. Therefore, targeting IR-A or IGF-1R may provide therapeutic benefits for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wang
- a Department of Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Ke Su
- a Department of Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- a Department of Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- a Department of Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- a Department of Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Danxia Chu
- a Department of Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- a Department of Gynecology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
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Ye H, Adane B, Khan N, Alexeev E, Nusbacher N, Minhajuddin M, Stevens BM, Winters AC, Lin X, Ashton JM, Purev E, Xing L, Pollyea DA, Lozupone CA, Serkova NJ, Colgan SP, Jordan CT. Subversion of Systemic Glucose Metabolism as a Mechanism to Support the Growth of Leukemia Cells. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:659-673.e6. [PMID: 30270124 PMCID: PMC6177322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From an organismal perspective, cancer cell populations can be considered analogous to parasites that compete with the host for essential systemic resources such as glucose. Here, we employed leukemia models and human leukemia samples to document a form of adaptive homeostasis, where malignant cells alter systemic physiology through impairment of both host insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion to provide tumors with increased glucose. Mechanistically, tumor cells induce high-level production of IGFBP1 from adipose tissue to mediate insulin sensitivity. Further, leukemia-induced gut dysbiosis, serotonin loss, and incretin inactivation combine to suppress insulin secretion. Importantly, attenuated disease progression and prolonged survival are achieved through disruption of the leukemia-induced adaptive homeostasis. Our studies provide a paradigm for systemic management of leukemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Ye
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Biniam Adane
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nabilah Khan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erica Alexeev
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nichole Nusbacher
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mohammad Minhajuddin
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brett M Stevens
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amanda C Winters
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 E 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John M Ashton
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Enkhtsetseg Purev
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniel A Pollyea
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Catherine A Lozupone
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, Animal Imaging Shared Resources, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19(th) Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Hjortebjerg R. IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in normal physiology and disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 41:7-22. [PMID: 29864720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is a modulator of the IGF system, exerting both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on IGF-induced cellular growth. IGFBP-4 is the principal substrate for the enzyme pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). Through IGF-dependent cleavage of IGFBP-4 in the vicinity of the IGF receptor, PAPP-A is able to increase IGF bioavailability and stimulate IGF-mediated growth. Recently, the stanniocalcins (STCs) were identified as novel inhibitors of PAPP-A proteolytic activity, hereby adding additional members to the seemingly endless list of proteins belonging to the IGF family. Our understanding of these proteins has advanced throughout recent years, and there is evidence to suggest that the role of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in defining the relationship between total IGF and IGF bioactivity can be linked to a number of pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the experimental and clinical findings on the IGFBP-4/PAPP-A/STC axis as a regulator of IGF activity and examines the conundrum surrounding extrapolation of circulating concentrations to tissue action of these proteins. The primary focus will be on the biological significance of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in normal physiology and in pathophysiology with emphasis on metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Finally, the review assesses current new trajectories of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark.
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Henriksen TI, Heywood SE, Hansen NS, Pedersen BK, Scheele CC, Nielsen S. Single Cell Analysis Identifies the miRNA Expression Profile of a Subpopulation of Muscle Precursor Cells Unique to Humans With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:883. [PMID: 30050458 PMCID: PMC6050405 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) take part in regulating central cellular processes such as differentiation and metabolism. We have previously shown that muscle progenitor cells derived from individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a dysregulated miRNA profile. We hypothesized that the T2DM muscle progenitor population is heterogeneous in its miRNA expression and differs from the progenitor population of healthy controls. MiRNA expression profiles of CD56+ muscle progenitor cells from people with T2DM and from healthy controls were therefore investigated at a single cell level. Single-cell analysis revealed three subpopulations expressing distinct miRNA profiles: two subpopulations including both T2DM and healthy control muscle precursors presented miRNA expression profiles mostly overlapping between groups. A distinct third subpopulation consisted solely of cells from donors with T2DM and showed enriched expression of miRNAs previously shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes. Among the enriched miRNAs was miR-29, a regulator of GLUT4 mRNA expression. Interestingly, this subpopulation also revealed several miRNAs with predicted targets in the PI3K/Akt pathway, not previously described in relation to T2DM muscle dysfunction. We concluded that a subpopulation of T2DM muscle precursor cells is severely dysregulated in terms of their miRNA expression, and accumulation of this population might thus contribute to the dysfunctional muscular phenotype in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tora I Henriksen
- Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah E Heywood
- Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ninna S Hansen
- Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla C Scheele
- Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1-6 bind IGFs but not insulin with high affinity. They were initially identified as serum carriers and passive inhibitors of IGF actions. However, subsequent studies showed that, although IGFBPs inhibit IGF actions in many circumstances, they may also potentiate these actions. IGFBPs are widely expressed in most tissues, and they are flexible endocrine and autocrine/paracrine regulators of IGF activity, which is essential for this important physiological system. More recently, individual IGFBPs have been shown to have IGF-independent actions. Mechanisms underlying these actions include (i) interaction with non-IGF proteins in compartments including the extracellular space and matrix, the cell surface and intracellular space, (ii) interaction with and modulation of other growth factor pathways including EGF, TGF-β and VEGF, and (iii) direct or indirect transcriptional effects following nuclear entry of IGFBPs. Through these IGF-dependent and IGF-independent actions, IGFBPs modulate essential cellular processes including proliferation, survival, migration, senescence, autophagy and angiogenesis. They have been implicated in a range of disorders including malignant, metabolic, neurological and immune diseases. A more complete understanding of their cellular roles may lead to the development of novel IGFBP-based therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bach
- Department of Medicine (Alfred)Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesAlfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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66
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Larnkjær A, Ong KK, Carlsen EM, Ejlerskov KT, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF. The Influence of Maternal Obesity and Breastfeeding on Infant Appetite- and Growth-Related Hormone Concentrations: The SKOT Cohort Studies. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 90:28-38. [PMID: 29961064 PMCID: PMC6773597 DOI: 10.1159/000490114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Exposure to obesity during pregnancy may lead to adverse changes in the offspring's metabolic profile. We compared appetite- and growth-related hormones in a cohort of infants born to obese mothers (SKOT-II) with infants born mainly to nonobese mothers (SKOT-I). METHODS Infants from SKOT-I (n = 273) and SKOT-II (n = 132) were examined including anthropometric measurements and blood samples analyzed for glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), adiponectin, and leptin. Information on breastfeeding and parental characteristics were also collected. RESULTS At 9 months of age, SKOT-II infants were 3.6% heavier and 1.2% longer than SKOT-I infants even though their mothers were shorter. There was no difference in body mass index (BMI). SKOT-II infants had higher levels of insulin, adiponectin, and leptin but lower levels of IGF-I compared to SKOT-I infants (all p ≤ 0.015). These differences remained, except for leptin, when adjusted for current weight. Breastfeeding versus nonbreastfeeding at 9 months was associated with lower concentrations of all hormones (all p ≤ 0.003). In adjusted models, maternal BMI at 9 months was positively associated with insulin and adiponectin and negatively with IGF-I. CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy obesity confers symmetrically larger infant body size and higher levels of most growth- and appetite-related hormones but surprisingly lower levels of IGF-I, suggesting other possible infant growth-promoting effects through insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Larnkjær
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma M Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Ejlerskov
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim F. Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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67
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Mason RJ, Boorjian SA, Bhindi B, Rangel L, Frank I, Karnes RJ, Tollefson MK. Examining the association between adiposity and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Can Urol Assoc J 2018; 12:E331-E337. [PMID: 29603915 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.4923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herein, we examined the association between adiposity, as measured by computed tomography (CT), and biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS Using axial CT images, preoperative fat mass index (FMI) was calculated for 698 men who underwent RP from 2007-2010 by using measurements of total surface area of adipose tissue at the L3 level. Obesity was classified according to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) standards for obesity (FMI >9 kg/m2). The associations between obesity and the distribution of adiposity (visceral vs. subcutaneous) with BCR were examined using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. RESULTS Obese men were older than non-obese men (63.0 vs. 60.7 years; p<0.001), but were similar with regards to all other clinical and pathological characteristics. With a median followup of six years, 152 patients were diagnosed with BCR. Five-year BCR-free survival was similar between obese and non-obese patients (80.6% vs. 82.1%; p=0.27). Furthermore, in multivariable analyses, obesity was not independently associated with the risk of BCR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-1.43). Similar results were obtained when analyzing FMI as a continuous variable (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94-1.09 for each 1 kg/m2 increase in FMI). Additionally, neither visceral adiposity, subcutaneous adiposity, or visceral-to-subcutaneous adiposity ratio were associated with BCR (all p>0.05) in multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS Neither total abdominal adiposity nor the distribution of adiposity were independently associated with BCR after RP in this study. As such, the presence of obesity may not be a marker of increased oncological risk after RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Mason
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Bimal Bhindi
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Laureano Rangel
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Igor Frank
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - R Jeffrey Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Abstract
Insulinlike growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1 to 6 are high-affinity regulators of IGF activity. They generally inhibit IGF actions by preventing binding to the IGF-I receptor but can also enhance their actions under some conditions. Posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation modulate IGFBP properties, and IGFBP proteolysis results in IGF release. IGFBPs have more recently been shown to have IGF-independent actions. A number of mechanisms are involved, including modulation of other growth factor pathways, nuclear localization and transcriptional regulation, interaction with the sphingolipid pathway, and binding to non-IGF biomolecules in the extracellular space and matrix, on the cell surface and intracellularly. IGFBPs modulate important biological processes, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, senescence, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Their actions have been implicated in growth, metabolism, cancer, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, and immune regulation. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of IGFBP abundance. A more complete understanding of IGFBP biology is necessary to further define their cellular roles and determine their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Bach
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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69
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Mentoor I, Engelbrecht AM, van Jaarsveld PJ, Nell T. Chemoresistance: Intricate Interplay Between Breast Tumor Cells and Adipocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:758. [PMID: 30619088 PMCID: PMC6297254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess adipose tissue is a hallmark of an overweight and/or obese state as well as a primary risk factor for breast cancer development and progression. In an overweight/obese state adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional due to rapid hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and immune cell infiltration which is associated with sustained low-grade inflammation originating from dysfunctional adipokine synthesis. Evidence also supports the role of excess adipose tissue (overweight/obesity) as a casual factor for the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Obesity-mediated effects/modifications may contribute to chemotherapeutic drug resistance by altering drug pharmacokinetics, inducing chronic inflammation, as well as altering tumor-associated adipocyte adipokine secretion. Adipocytes in the breast tumor microenvironment enhance breast tumor cell survival and decrease the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in chemotherapeutic resistance. A well-know chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin, has shown to negatively impact adipose tissue homeostasis, affecting adipose tissue/adipocyte functionality and storage. Here, it is implied that doxorubicin disrupts adipose tissue homeostasis affecting the functionality of adipose tissue/adipocytes. Although evidence on the effects of doxorubicin on adipose tissue/adipocytes under obesogenic conditions are lacking, this narrative review explores the potential role of obesity in breast cancer progression and treatment resistance with inflammation as an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul J. van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Theo Nell
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The impact of insulin dependence on short-term postoperative complications in diabetic patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:2091-2096. [PMID: 28739297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) procedures performed is steadily increasing, and it is important to characterize predictors of postoperative complications for risk assessment models. Whereas diabetes has been associated with increased morbidity after TSA, the impact of insulin dependence on the risk profile of diabetic patients has not been described. METHODS The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2011-2014 was used to identify 5918 TSA cases. Patients were categorized as non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Thirty-day postoperative complication rates, length of stay (LOS), and readmission rates were compared across the diabetes groups. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for demographics and comorbidity burden was performed to determine the independent association between insulin dependence and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS In bivariate analysis, NIDDM and IDDM were associated with multiple postoperative complications, including stroke, sepsis, wound complications, blood transfusion, and extended LOS. With multivariable logistic regression, however, NIDDM patients did not have significantly greater odds of any study end point relative to non-DM patients. IDDM patients had significantly greater odds for having any postoperative complication (odds ratio [OR], 1.53), stroke (OR, 13.63), blood transfusion (OR, 1.67), and extended LOS (OR, 1.38). CONCLUSIONS After adjustment for demographics and comorbidity burden, NIDDM patients had risk profiles similar to those of non-DM patients. IDDM was an independent predictor of multiple postoperative complications. Insulin dependence should be considered in the preoperative risk assessment of diabetic patients undergoing TSA.
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71
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Doerstling SS, O'Flanagan CH, Hursting SD. Obesity and Cancer Metabolism: A Perspective on Interacting Tumor-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:216. [PMID: 28959684 PMCID: PMC5604081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of many types of cancers. Several obesity-related host factors involved in systemic metabolism can influence tumor initiation, progression, and/or response to therapy, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer incidence and outcomes. Such host factors include systemic metabolic regulators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, adipokines, inflammation-related molecules, and steroid hormones, as well as the cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment, particularly adipose tissue. These secreted and structural host factors are extrinsic to, and interact with, the intrinsic metabolic characteristics of cancer cells to influence their growth and spread. This review will focus on the interplay of these tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the context of energy balance, with the objective of identifying new intervention targets for preventing obesity-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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72
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Metabolic signatures in an adolescent with Silver-Russell syndrome and outcomes after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:1248-1250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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73
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Lewitt MS. The Role of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Visceral Adiposity. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2017; 10:1178626417703995. [PMID: 28469442 PMCID: PMC5404904 DOI: 10.1177/1178626417703995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. Both GH and IGF-I have direct effects on adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and this system is involved in the cross-talk between adipose tissue, liver, and pituitary. Transgenic animal models have been of importance in identifying mechanisms underlying these interactions. It emerges that this system has key roles in visceral adiposity, and there is a rationale for targeting this system in the treatment of visceral obesity associated with GH deficiency, metabolic syndrome, and lipodystrophies. This evidence is reviewed, gaps in knowledge are highlighted, and recommendations are made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S Lewitt
- School of Health, Nursing & Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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74
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Alharthi AA. Idiopathic Short Stature in Children: A Hospital Based Study. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2016.56.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Berryman DE, Henry B, Hjortebjerg R, List EO, Kopchick JJ. Developments in our understanding of the effects of growth hormone on white adipose tissue from mice: implications to the clinic. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016; 11:197-207. [PMID: 28435436 PMCID: PMC5397118 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2016.1147950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a well-established target of growth hormone (GH) and is altered in clinical conditions associated with excess, deficiency and absence of GH action. Due to the difficulty in collecting AT from clinical populations, genetically modified mice have been useful in better understanding how GH affects this tissue. Recent findings in mice would suggest that the impact of GH on AT is beyond alterations of lipolysis, lipogenesis or proliferation/ differentiation. AT depot-specific alterations in immune cells, extracellular matrix, adipokines, and senescence indicate an expanded role for GH in AT physiology. This mouse data will guide additional studies necessary to evaluate the therapeutic potential and safety of GH for conditions associated with altering AT, such as obesity. In this review, we introduce several relatively new intricacies of GH's effect on AT, focusing on recent studies in mice. Finally, we summarize the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene E Berryman
- Executive Director, The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, 108 Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, (740) 593-9661 - phone, (740) 593-4795 - fax
| | - Brooke Henry
- 108 Konneker Research Labs, Ohio University, (740) 593-9665
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Noerrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, +45 6166 8045 - phone, +45 7846 2150 - fax
| | - Edward O List
- Senior Scientist, 218 Konneker Research Labs, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, (740) 593-4620 - phone, (740) 593-4795 - fax
| | - John J Kopchick
- Distinguished Professor, Goll Ohio Eminent Scholar, 172 Water Tower Drive, Ohio University, (740) 593-4534 - phone, (740) 593-4795 - fax
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76
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Park S, Park HL, Lee SY, Nam JH. Characteristics of adipose tissue macrophages and macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 in virus-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:460-70. [PMID: 26395748 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various pathogens are implicated in the induction of obesity. Previous studies have confirmed that human adenovirus 36 (Ad36) is associated with increased adiposity, improved glycemic control and induction of inflammation. The Ad36-induced inflammation is reflected in the infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue. However, the characteristics and role of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and macrophage-secreted factors in virus-induced obesity (VIO) are unclear. Although insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is involved in obesity metabolism, the contribution of IGF secreted by macrophages in VIO has not been studied. METHODS Four-week-old male mice were studied 1 week and 12 weeks after Ad36 infection for determining the characteristics of ATMs in VIO and diet-induced obesity (DIO). In addition, macrophage-specific IGF-1-deficient (MIKO) mice were used to study the involvement of IGF-1 in VIO. RESULTS In the early stage of VIO (1 week after Ad36 infection), the M1 ATM sub-population increased, which increased the M1/M2 ratio, whereas DIO did not cause this change. In the late stage of VIO (12 weeks after Ad36 infection), the M1/M2 ratio did not change because the M1 and M2 ATM sub-populations increased to a similar extent, despite an increase in adiposity. By contrast, DIO increased the M1/M2 ratio. In addition, VIO in wild-type mice upregulated angiogenesis in adipose tissue and improved glycemic control. However, MIKO mice showed no increase in adiposity, angiogenesis, infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue, or improvement in glycemic control after Ad36 infection. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IGF-1 secreted by macrophages may contribute to hyperplasia and hypertrophy in adipose tissue by increasing angiogenesis, which helps to maintain the 'adipose tissue robustness'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - H-L Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - S-Y Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Republic of Korea
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