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Aparecida Silveira E, Danésio de Souza J, dos Santos Rodrigues AP, Lima RM, de Souza Cardoso CK, de Oliveira C. Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and the Traditional Brazilian Diet on Sarcopenia in Severe Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1498. [PMID: 32455620 PMCID: PMC7284637 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional interventions may have positive effects on sarcopenia and body composition. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the effectiveness of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption and a healthy traditional Brazilian diet (DieTBra) on improving sarcopenia indicators and reducing total body fat in severe obesity. METHODS A randomized controlled trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02463435) conducted with 111 severely obese participants randomized into three treatment groups-(1) EVOO (52 mL/day), (2) DieTBra, (3) DieTBra + EVOO (52 mL/day)-for 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and sarcopenia by walking speed and handgrip strength. RESULTS Significant reductions in total body fat (p = 0.041) and body weight (p = 0.003) were observed in the DieTBra group. In the DietBra + olive oil group there was also a significant reduction in body weight (0.001) compared to the olive oil-only group. ANCOVA analyses showed reductions in total body fat in the DieTBra (p = 0.016) and DieTBra + olive oil (p = 0.004) groups. Individuals in the DieTBra group had significant improvements in their walking speed (p = 0.042) and handgrip strength (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS DieTBra contributes to improvements in handgrip strength, walking speed, and total body fat in severely obese adults. The major study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02463435).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Goias, Brazil; (J.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.S.R.)
- Affiliate Academic at the Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jacqueline Danésio de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Goias, Brazil; (J.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.S.R.)
| | - Ana Paula dos Santos Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Goias, Brazil; (J.D.d.S.); (A.P.d.S.R.)
| | - Ricardo M. Lima
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, Brasília CEP 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil;
| | - Camila Kellen de Souza Cardoso
- School of Social Sciences and Health, Nutrition Course, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-020, Brazil;
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
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Wang M, Tan Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Liao Z, Wei P. Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568. [PMID: 32982969 PMCID: PMC7477770 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity and diabetes are two increasing health problems worldwide, which both share many common risk factors, such as aging, and general obesity. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity includes aging, physical inactivity, malnutrition, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal changes. Nevertheless, there are two major reasons to cause diabetes: impaired insulin secretion and impaired insulin action. Furthermore, the individual diagnosis of obesity and sarcopenia should be combined to adequately define sarcopenic obesity. Also, the diagnosis of diabetes includes fasting plasma glucose test (FPG), 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and random plasma glucose coupled with symptoms. Healthy diet and physical activity are beneficial to both sarcopenic obesity and diabetes, but there are only recommended drugs for diabetes. This review consolidates and discusses the latest research in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatments of diabetes and sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
- Zehuan Liao
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Wei
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Hillstrom HJ, Soeters R, Miranda M, Backus SI, Hafer J, Gibbons M, Thaqi I, Lenhoff M, Hannan MT, Endo Y, Sculco T, Lane J. Effect of increased serum 25(OH)D and calcium on structure and function of post-menopausal women: a pilot study. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:154. [PMID: 33009959 PMCID: PMC7532965 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose was to determine if increasing serum 25(OH)D and calcium in postmenopausal women increased skeletal muscle size, strength, balance, and functional task performance while decreasing muscle fatigue. PCSA of the vastus lateralis increased and ascent of stairs time decreased after 6 months of increased serum 25(OH)D. PURPOSE The Institute of Medicine recommends ≥ 20 ng/ml of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] for bone and overall health. Serum 25(OH)D levels have been associated with physical performance, postural sway, and falls. The purpose of this study was to determine if increasing postmenopausal women's serum 25(OH)D levels from 20-30 ng/ml to 40-50 ng/ml improved skeletal muscle size, strength, balance, and functional performance while decreasing skeletal muscle fatigue. METHODS Twenty-six post-menopausal women (60-85 years old) with baseline serum 25(OH)D levels between 20 and 30 ng/ml were recruited. Oral over-the-counter (OTC) vitamin D3 and calcium citrate were prescribed to increase subjects' serum 25(OH)D to levels between 40 and 50 ng/ml, serum calcium levels above 9.2 mg/dl, and PTH levels below 60 pg/ml, which were confirmed at 6 and 12 weeks. Outcome measures assessed at baseline and 6 months included muscle physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), muscle strength, postural balance, time to perform functional tasks, and muscle fatigue. Repeated measures comparisons between baseline and follow-up were performed. RESULTS Nineteen subjects completed the study. One individual could not afford the time commitment for the repeated measures. Three individuals did not take their vitamin D as recommended. Two subjects were lost to follow-up (lack of interest), and one did not achieve targeted serum 25(OH)D. Vastus lateralis PCSA increased (p = 0.007) and ascent of stair time decreased (p = 0.042) after 6 months of increasing serum 25(OH)D levels from 20-30 ng/ml to 40-50 ng/ml. Isometric strength was unchanged. Anterior-posterior center of pressure (COP) excursion and COP path length decreased (p < 0.1) albeit non-significantly, suggesting balance may improve from increased serum 25(OH)D and calcium citrate levels. CONCLUSIONS Several measures of muscle structure and function were sensitive to elevated serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels indicating that further investigation of this phenomenon in post-menopausal women is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Hillstrom
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
| | - R. Soeters
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
| | - M. Miranda
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
| | - S. I. Backus
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
| | - J. Hafer
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA ,Biomechanics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Totman rm.110, 30 Eastman Lane, Amherst, MA USA
| | - M. Gibbons
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
| | - I. Thaqi
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
| | - M. Lenhoff
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
| | - M. T. Hannan
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, 1200 Centre Street, Boston, MA USA
| | - Y. Endo
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
| | - T. Sculco
- Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory (LRMALab), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
| | - J. Lane
- Metabolic Bone Disease Service, HSS, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY USA
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Tannir H, Kreidieh D, Itani L, El Masri D, El Ghoch M. Reduction of Resting Energy Expenditure and Sarcopenic Obesity in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Brief Report. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:376-380. [PMID: 31663844 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666191030092138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The last decade has seen the emergence of a new condition, describing the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, termed Sarcopenic Obesity (SO). The aim of this study was to assess the potential association between SO and reduced Resting Energy Expenditure (REE). METHODS Body composition and REE were measured using a bioimpedance analyser (Tanita BC-418) and Indirect Calorimeter (Vmax Encore 229), respectively in 89 adults with overweight or obesity of both genders, referred to the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Beirut Arab University (Lebanon). Participants were then categorized on the basis of having SO or not. RESULTS Thirty-nine of the 89 participants met the criteria for SO (43.8%), and these participants displayed a significantly lower REE per unit body weight than those in the group without SO (19.02 ± 2.26 vs. 20.87 ± 2.77; p = 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that the presence of SO decreases REE by 1.557 kcal/day for each kg of body weight (β = -1.557; CI = -0.261 - (-0.503); p = 0.004), after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSION SO appears to be present in a high proportion of treatment-seeking adults with overweight or obesity of both genders, and it seems to be associated with a reduced REE, compared with those without SO. Future studies are needed to clarify whether this may influence clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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