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Hydrogel, Electrospun and Composite Materials for Bone/Cartilage and Neural Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226899. [PMID: 34832300 PMCID: PMC8624846 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Injuries of the bone/cartilage and central nervous system are still a serious socio-economic problem. They are an effect of diversified, difficult-to-access tissue structures as well as complex regeneration mechanisms. Currently, commercially available materials partially solve this problem, but they do not fulfill all of the bone/cartilage and neural tissue engineering requirements such as mechanical properties, biochemical cues or adequate biodegradation. There are still many things to do to provide complete restoration of injured tissues. Recent reports in bone/cartilage and neural tissue engineering give high hopes in designing scaffolds for complete tissue regeneration. This review thoroughly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of currently available commercial scaffolds and sheds new light on the designing of novel polymeric scaffolds composed of hydrogels, electrospun nanofibers, or hydrogels loaded with nano-additives.
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Electrospun polyvinyl-alcohol/gum arabic nanofibers: Biomimetic platform for in vitro cell growth and cancer nanomedicine delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:764-773. [PMID: 34400233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The design of powerful in vitro cell culture platforms to support precision medicine can contribute to predict therapeutic success of cancer patients. Electrospun nanofibers applied to cell culture can mimic extracellular matrix and improve in vitro cell behavior. Here, we describe biocompatible blended polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA)/gum arabic (GA) extracellular matrix (ECM)-like nanofibers for in vitro cell cultures capable of delivering nanocomposite for desired biomedical application. Therefore, PVA/GA ECM-like electrospun nanofibers were developed and characterized. Heat treatment was used to crosslink the nanofibers and biocompatibility was evaluated, which demonstrated the ability of developed platform to provide a cell culture-friendly environment. Previous work demonstrated that GA-gold nanoparticles (GA-AuNPs) in non-cytotoxic concentrations can reduce key metastatic cellular events such as invasion and colony formation of metastatic melanoma cells. Thus, crosslinked nanofibers were functionalized with GA-AuNPs and its cellular delivery was evaluated. GA-AuNPs were efficiently adsorbed onto the PVA/GA nanofibers surface and the system effectively delivered the nanocomposites to metastatic melanoma cells. In conclusion, the described biocompatible system could be prospected as a valuable in vitro tool for precision medicine.
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Sa’adon S, Ansari MNM, Razak SIA, Anand JS, Nayan NHM, Ismail AE, Khan MUA, Haider A. Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of a Diclofenac Sodium-Dual Layer Polyvinyl Alcohol Patch. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152459. [PMID: 34372062 PMCID: PMC8347342 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to prepare a dual layer polyvinyl (PVA) patch using a combination of electrospinning techniques and cryogelation (freeze-thaw process) then subsequently to investigate the effect of freeze-thaw cycles, nanofiber thickness, and diclofenac sodium (DS) loading on the physicochemical and mechanical properties and formulation of dual layer PVA patches composed of electrospun PVA nanofibers and PVA cryogel. After the successful preparation of the dual layer PVA patch, the prepared patch was subjected to investigation to assess the effect of freeze-thaw cycles, nanofiber thickness and percentages of DS loading on the morphology, physiochemical and mechanical properties. Various spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water contact angle, and tensile tests were used to evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties of prepared dual layer PVA patches. The morphological structures of the dual layer PVA patch demonstrated the effectiveness of both techniques. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles, nanofiber thickness, and DS percentage loading on the crystallinity of a dual layer PVA patch was investigated using XRD analysis. The presence of a distinct DS peak in the FTIR spectrum indicates the compatibility of DS in a dual layer PVA patch through in-situ loading. All prepared patches were considered highly hydrophilic because the data obtained was less than 90°. The increasing saturation of DS within the PVA matrix increases the tensile strength of prepared patches, however decreased its elasticity. Evidently, the increasing of electrospun PVA nanofibers thickness, freeze-thaw cycles, and the DS saturation has improved the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the DS medicated dual layer PVA patches, making them a promising biomaterial for transdermal drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafizah Sa’adon
- BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (S.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
| | - Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Ansari
- Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.N.M.A.); (S.I.A.R.); Tel.: +60-17-4815680 (S.I.A.R.)
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (S.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.N.M.A.); (S.I.A.R.); Tel.: +60-17-4815680 (S.I.A.R.)
| | - Joseph Sahaya Anand
- Sustainable and Responsive Manufacturing Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Malacca 76100, Malacca, Malaysia;
| | - Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Al Emran Ismail
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (S.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU),1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- National Center for Physics, Nanoscience and Technology Department (NS & TD), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
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Ozaltin K, Di Martino A, Capakova Z, Lehocky M, Humpolicek P, Saha T, Vesela D, Mozetic M, Saha P. Plasma Mediated Chlorhexidine Immobilization onto Polylactic Acid Surface via Carbodiimide Chemistry: Antibacterial and Cytocompatibility Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081201. [PMID: 33917700 PMCID: PMC8068050 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antibacterial materials has great importance in avoiding bacterial contamination and the risk of infection for implantable biomaterials. An antibacterial thin film coating on the surface via chemical bonding is a promising technique to keep native bulk material properties unchanged. However, most of the polymeric materials are chemically inert and highly hydrophobic, which makes chemical agent coating challenging Herein, immobilization of chlorhexidine, a broad-spectrum bactericidal cationic compound, onto the polylactic acid surface was performed in a multistep physicochemical method. Direct current plasma was used for surface functionalization, followed by carbodiimide chemistry to link the coupling reagents of N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHs) to create a free bonding site to anchor the chlorhexidine. Surface characterizations were performed by water contact angle test, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antibacterial activity was tested using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Finally, in vitro cytocompatibility of the samples was studied using primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. It was found that all samples were cytocompatible and the best antibacterial performance observed was the Chlorhexidine immobilized sample after NHs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Ozaltin
- Center of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (A.D.M.); (Z.C.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (D.V.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-576031741
| | - Antonio Di Martino
- Center of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (A.D.M.); (Z.C.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (D.V.); (P.S.)
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Zdenka Capakova
- Center of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (A.D.M.); (Z.C.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (D.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Marian Lehocky
- Center of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (A.D.M.); (Z.C.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (D.V.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolicek
- Center of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (A.D.M.); (Z.C.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (D.V.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Saha
- Footwear Research Center, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovcirnou 3685, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | - Daniela Vesela
- Center of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (A.D.M.); (Z.C.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (D.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Miran Mozetic
- Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Petr Saha
- Center of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (A.D.M.); (Z.C.); (M.L.); (P.H.); (D.V.); (P.S.)
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Kchaou M, Alquraish M, Abuhasel K, Abdullah A, Ali AA. Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds: Review of Current Progress in the Properties and Manufacturing Process, and Possible Applications for COVID-19. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:916. [PMID: 33809662 PMCID: PMC8002202 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, researchers have focused on the potential applications of electrospinning, especially its scalability and versatility. Specifically, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds are considered an emergent technology and a promising approach that can be applied to biosensing, drug delivery, soft and hard tissue repair and regeneration, and wound healing. Several parameters control the functional scaffolds, such as fiber geometrical characteristics and alignment, architecture, etc. As it is based on nanotechnology, the concept of this approach has shown a strong evolution in terms of the forms of the materials used (aerogels, microspheres, etc.), the incorporated microorganisms used to treat diseases (cells, proteins, nuclei acids, etc.), and the manufacturing process in relation to the control of adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of the mimetic nanofibers. However, several difficulties are still considered as huge challenges for scientists to overcome in relation to scaffolds design and properties (hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility) but also in relation to transferring biological nanofibers products into practical industrial use by way of a highly efficient bio-solution. In this article, the authors review current progress in the materials and processes used by the electrospinning technique to develop novel fibrous scaffolds with suitable design and that more closely mimic structure. A specific interest will be given to the use of this approach as an emergent technology for the treatment of bacteria and viruses such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kchaou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 001, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (K.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alquraish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 001, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (K.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Khaled Abuhasel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 001, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (K.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Abdullah
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 001, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 001, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (K.A.); (A.A.A.)
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Zavan B, Gardin C, Guarino V, Rocca T, Cruz Maya I, Zanotti F, Ferroni L, Brunello G, Chachques JC, Ambrosio L, Gasbarro V. Electrospun PCL-Based Vascular Grafts: In Vitro Tests. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030751. [PMID: 33809791 PMCID: PMC8002398 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrospun fibers have attracted a lot of attention from researchers due to their several characteristics, such as a very thin diameter, three-dimensional topography, large surface area, flexible surface, good mechanical characteristics, suitable for widespread applications. Indeed, electro-spinning offers many benefits, such as great surface-to-volume ratio, adjustable porosity, and the ability of imitating the tissue extra-cellular matrix. METHODS we processed Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) via electrospinning for the production of bilayered tubular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering application. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were seeded into the two side of the scaffolds: endothelial cells onto the inner side composed of PCL/Gelatin fibers able to mimic the inner surface of the vessels, and fibroblasts onto the outer side only exposing PCL fibers. Extracellular matrix production and organization has been performed by means of classical immunofluorescence against collagen type I fibers, Scanning Electron-Microscopy (SEM) has been performed in order to evaluated ultrastructural morphology, gene expression by means gene expression has been performed to evaluate the phenotype of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION results confirmed that both cells population are able to conserve their phenotype colonizing the surface supporting the hypothesis that PCL scaffolds based on electrospun fibers should be a good candidate for vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zavan
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Gardin
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F.Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (I.C.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Tiberio Rocca
- Division of Internal Medicine, St. Anna Hospital, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (T.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Iriczalli Cruz Maya
- Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F.Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (I.C.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Federica Zanotti
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Giulia Brunello
- Department of Neurosciences, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Juan-Carlos Chachques
- Laboratory of Biosurgical Research (Alain Carpentier Foundation), Pompidu Hospital, University Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d’Oltremare, Pad.20, V.le J.F.Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (I.C.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Gasbarro
- Division of Internal Medicine, St. Anna Hospital, 44123 Ferrara, Italy; (T.R.); (V.G.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ferrara University, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
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