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Hammoud Mahdi D, Hubert J, Renault JH, Martinez A, Schubert A, Engel KM, Koudogbo B, Vissiennon Z, Ahyi V, Nieber K, Vissiennon C. Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Fungus-Growing Termite Strain Macrotermes Bellicosus Used in Traditional Medicine in the Republic of Benin. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215015. [PMID: 33138110 PMCID: PMC7662623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus growing termite species Macrotermes bellicosus (M. bellicosus) is used in nutrition and traditional medicine in the Republic of Benin for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Previous findings demonstrated evidence of anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic properties of M. bellicosus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different extracts of M. bellicosus samples and determine the chemical profile of an ethanolic M. bellicosus extract. Chemical profiling was conducted using centrifugal partition chromatography and 13C-NMR, followed by MALDI-TOF MS. Major identified compounds include hydroquinone (HQ), methylhydroquinone (MHQ), 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl glycol (DHPG), N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and niacinamide. The fatty acid mixture of the extract was mainly composed of linoleic and oleic acid and highlights the nutritional purpose of M. bellicosus. Using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay, an antibacterial activity of M. bellicosus samples was observed against various clinical strains with a highest growth inhibition of S. aureus. In addition, HQ and MHQ as well as fractions containing DHPG, niacinamide and NADA inhibited S. aureus growth. The reported antimicrobial activity of M. bellicosus and identified active substances provide a rationale for the traditional medicinal use of M. bellicosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Hammoud Mahdi
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa, Cotonou 07 BP 231, Benin; (B.K.); (Z.V.); (V.A.)
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (D.H.M.); (C.V.); Tel.: +229-97-21-96-96 (D.H.M.); +49-341-971-5772 (C.V.)
| | - Jane Hubert
- CNRS ICMR UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France; (J.H.); (J.-H.R.); (A.M.)
- NatExplore SAS, 51140 Prouilly, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- CNRS ICMR UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France; (J.H.); (J.-H.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Agathe Martinez
- CNRS ICMR UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France; (J.H.); (J.-H.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Andreas Schubert
- Fraunhofer IZI, Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Monika Engel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Blaise Koudogbo
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa, Cotonou 07 BP 231, Benin; (B.K.); (Z.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Zacharie Vissiennon
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa, Cotonou 07 BP 231, Benin; (B.K.); (Z.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Virgile Ahyi
- Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa, Cotonou 07 BP 231, Benin; (B.K.); (Z.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Karen Nieber
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Cica Vissiennon
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (D.H.M.); (C.V.); Tel.: +229-97-21-96-96 (D.H.M.); +49-341-971-5772 (C.V.)
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Khalid A, Bai D, Abraham AN, Jadhav A, Linklater D, Matusica A, Nguyen D, Murdoch BJ, Zakhartchouk N, Dekiwadia C, Reineck P, Simpson D, Vidanapathirana AK, Houshyar S, Bursill CA, Ivanova EP, Gibson BC. Electrospun Nanodiamond-Silk Fibroin Membranes: A Multifunctional Platform for Biosensing and Wound-Healing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48408-48419. [PMID: 33047948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Next generation wound care technology capable of diagnosing wound parameters, promoting healthy cell growth, and reducing pathogenic infections noninvasively would provide patients with an improved standard of care and accelerated wound repair. Temperature is one of the indicating biomarkers specific to chronic wounds. This work reports a hybrid, multifunctional optical material platform-nanodiamond (ND)-silk membranes as biopolymer dressings capable of temperature sensing and promoting wound healing. The hybrid structure was fabricated through electrospinning, and 3D submicron fibrous membranes with high porosity were formed. Silk fibers are capable of compensating for the lack of an extracellular matrix at the wound site, supporting the wound-healing process. Negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) color centers in NDs exhibit optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and act as nanoscale thermometers. This can be exploited to sense temperature variations associated with the presence of infection or inflammation in a wound, without physically removing the dressing. Our results show that the presence of NDs in the hybrid ND-silk membranes improves the thermal stability of silk fibers. NV- color centers in NDs embedded in silk fibers exhibit well-retained fluorescence and ODMR. Using the NV- centers as fluorescent nanoscale thermometers, we achieved temperature sensing in 25-50 °C, including the biologically relevant temperature window, for cell-grown ND-silk membranes. An enhancement (∼1.5× on average) in the temperature sensitivity of the NV- centers was observed for the hybrid materials. The hybrid membranes were further tested in vivo in a murine wound-healing model and demonstrated biocompatibility and equivalent wound closure rates as the control wounds. Additionally, the hybrid ND-silk membranes exhibited selective antifouling and biocidal propensity toward Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, while no effect was observed on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Khalid
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Dongbi Bai
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Amanda N Abraham
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Amit Jadhav
- School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick, Victoria 3056, Australia
| | - Denver Linklater
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Alex Matusica
- School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, Clovelly Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Duy Nguyen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Reineck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - David Simpson
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Achini K Vidanapathirana
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Shadi Houshyar
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Brant C Gibson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Santos TA, Scorzoni L, Correia R, Junqueira JC, Anbinder AL. Interaction between Lactobacillus reuteri and periodontopathogenic bacteria using in vitro and in vivo (G. mellonella) approaches. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5897357. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, and the major cause of tooth loss in adults. New therapies have been proposed for its treatment, including the use of probiotics such as Lactobacillus reuteri. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of L. reuteri: live, heat-killed and culture filtrate (cell-free supernatant), on periodontopathogenic bacteria (Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) in vitro, as well as the in vivo survival curve, hemocyte density and microbial recovery using Galleria mellonella. For in vitro assays, all preparations reduced colony forming units of F. nucleatum, while only live L. reuteri reduced the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans. All treatments reduced periodontopathogenic bacteria growth in vivo. The treatment with the supernatant increased the survival of larvae infected with F. nucleatum more than the treatment with live L. reuteri, and none of the treatments altered the survival of A. actinomycetemcomitans-infected larvae. In addition, the treatment with L. reuteri preparations did not alter the hemocyte count of F. nucleatum- and A. actinomycetemcomitans-infected larvae. This study demonstrated that L. reuteri preparations exerted antimicrobial effects and increased the survival of G. mellonella infected by F. nucleatum, although only live L. reuteri was able to reduce the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Aguiar Santos
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
| | - Raquel Correia
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
| | - Ana Lia Anbinder
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP. Address: Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. CEP: 12245-000
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Evaluation of the Bactericidal Activity of a Hyaluronic Acid-Vehicled Clarithromycin Antibiotic Mixture by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10080761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect and depth of action of a novel clarithromycin-containing triple antibiotic mixture, which was proposed for root canal disinfection in dental pulp regeneration. A previous study reported that this mixture had no tooth discoloration effects in vitro. After infection with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks, the dentinal tubules in the cylindrical root specimens were exposed to different antibiotic mixtures: ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline (3-MIX); ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and clarithromycin (3-MIXC) and ciprofloxacin and metronidazole (2-MIX). Each antibiotic formulation was mixed with macrogol (MG) or hyaluronic acid (HA) vehicles. CLSM and viability staining were used to quantitatively analyze the mean depth of the antibacterial effect and the proportions of dead and live bacteria inside the dentinal tubules. The 3-MIX and 3-MIXC demonstrated a similar depth of action. The mean proportion of dead bacteria was similar in the 3-MIX and 3-MIXC groups, and both were statistically higher than that of 2-MIX (p = 0.014). Each antibiotic mixture showed a higher bactericidal efficacy if conveyed with HA, compared to MG (3-MIX, p = 0.019; 3-MIXC, p = 0.013 and 2-MIX, p = 0.0125). The depth of action and the antibacterial efficacy of 3-MIXC seemed comparable with 3-MIX.
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55
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Shetty P, Mu L, Shi Y. Polyelectrolyte cellulose gel with PEG/water: Toward fully green lubricating grease. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115670. [PMID: 31887933 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing a fully green lubricant is an urgent need due to the growing consciousness of environmental protection and dwindling resources. In this work, fully green gel lubricants were developed out of cellulose derivatives as gelator and mixture of water and poly(ethylene glycol) 200 (PEG 200) as the base fluid. The non-ionic hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and anionic sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) were chosen to understand the effect of ionic and non-ionic gelators on the thermal, rheological and the tribological properties of the gel lubricant. HEC or NaCMC is demonstrated as effective additive to reduce wear, stabilize friction coefficient and enhance the thermal stability of developed lubricants. It is shown that anionic gelator will result in producing lower friction and wear in comparison to non-ionic gelator, which may be attributed to the possible tribo-film formation due to the negative charge in the NaCMC molecules and its larger molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Shetty
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 97187, Sweden
| | - Liwen Mu
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 97187, Sweden.
| | - Yijun Shi
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 97187, Sweden.
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56
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Lafond M, Shekhar H, Panmanee W, Collins SD, Palaniappan A, McDaniel CT, Hassett DJ, Holland CK. Bactericidal Activity of Lipid-Shelled Nitric Oxide-Loaded Microbubbles. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1540. [PMID: 32082143 PMCID: PMC7002315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of antibiotic resistance is an ever-burgeoning public health challenge, motivating the development of adjunct bactericidal therapies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent bioactive gas that induces a variety of therapeutic effects, including bactericidal and biofilm dispersion properties. The short half-life, high reactivity, and rapid diffusivity of NO make therapeutic delivery challenging. The goal of this work was to characterize NO-loaded microbubbles (MB) stabilized with a lipid shell and to assess the feasibility of antibacterial therapy in vitro. MB were loaded with either NO alone (NO-MB) or with NO and octafluoropropane (NO-OFP-MB) (9:1 v/v and 1:1 v/v). The size distribution and acoustic attenuation coefficient of NO-MB and NO-OFP-MB were measured. Ultrasound-triggered release of the encapsulated gas payload was demonstrated with 3-MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound. An amperometric microelectrode sensor was used to measure NO concentration released from the MB and compared to an NO-OFP-saturated solution. The effect of NO delivery on the viability of planktonic (free living) Staphylococcus aureus (SA) USA 300, a methicillin-resistant strain, was evaluated in a 96 well-plate format. The co-encapsulation of NO with OFP increased the total volume and attenuation coefficient of MB. The NO-OFP-MB were destroyed with a clinical ultrasound scanner with an output of 2.48 MPa peak negative pressure (in situ MI of 1.34) but maintained their echogenicity when exposed to 0.02 MPa peak negative pressure (in situ MI of 0.01. The NO dose in NO-MB and NO-OFP-MB was more than 2-fold higher than the NO-OFP-saturated solution. Delivery of NO-OFP-MB increased bactericidal efficacy compared to the NO-OFP-saturated solution or air and OFP-loaded MB. These results suggest that encapsulation of NO with OFP in lipid-shelled MB enhances payload delivery. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the feasibility and limitations of NO-OFP-MB for antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lafond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Himanshu Shekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Warunya Panmanee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sydney D. Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Arunkumar Palaniappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Cameron T. McDaniel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Daniel J. Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christy K. Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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57
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Youssef R, Hafez V, Elkholy Y, Mourad A. Glycerol 85% efficacy on atopic skin and its microbiome: a randomized controlled trial with clinical and bacteriological evaluation. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 32:730-736. [PMID: 31869257 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1708246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Treating atopic dermatitis (AD) is still a challenge. The staphylococcal skin load is known to aggravate AD. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and glycerol in low concentration (20-40%) are established therapies for AD. NB-UVB has proven antimicrobial actions, while high concentration glycerol (85-100%) showed similar effects in vitro but has not been clinically tested.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of concentrated glycerol 85% compared to NB-UVB in patients with AD, as assessed by clinical improvement and reduction of staphylococcal colonization of the skin.Methods: 30 patients with mild to moderate AD were randomized into either NB-UVB or glycerol 85% group. Patients were treated for one month and followed for an additional month. Swabs were taken from the skin and nose to be cultured on mannitol-salt agar for Staphylococci and quantified to determine Colony Forming Units.Results: Both groups showed statistically insignificant microbial changes and statistically significant clinical improvement after treatment. The results were comparable between both groups.Conclusions: Concentrated glycerol 85% is a cheap effective readily accessible alternative for phototherapy in patients with mild-moderate AD who cannot access the facility. Reduction of staphylococcal skin load seems to be involved, but its role is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Youssef
- Dermatology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vanessa Hafez
- Dermatology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Elkholy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mourad
- Dermatology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Morales-delaNuez A, Hernández-Castellano LE, Moreno-Indias I, Sánchez-Macías D, Argüello A, Castro N. Use of glycerol and propylene glycol as additives in heat-treated goat colostrum. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:2756-2761. [PMID: 31882214 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to evaluate the suitability of glycerol and propylene glycol to reduce microbial count and preserve immune properties in heat-treated goat colostrum. Colostrum samples from 11 goats were each divided into 9 aliquots. Different concentrations (2, 6, 10, and 14%; vol/vol) of either glycerol or propylene glycol were added to the aliquots. Phosphate buffer solution was added to one aliquot, which was set as the control (CG). After the respective additions, all colostrum samples were heat treated at 56°C for 1 h. After cooling, aerobic mesophilic bacteria were cultured. The samples were frozen until free fatty acid, IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations and chitotriosidase activity were measured. No differences were found in aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts between either 10 or 14% glycerol and propylene glycol additives. These additions reduced bacterial count to a greater extent than CG, and 2 or 6% additions. Colostrum IgG concentration was not affected by either of the additives or their concentrations. The propylene glycol additive reduced IgA and IgM concentrations and chitotriosidase activity, compared with CG. Conversely, glycerol did not affect any of the studied immune variables. In conclusion, glycerol addition to goat colostrum before heat treatment is suitable to enhance bacterial reduction, whereas colostrum immune properties were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morales-delaNuez
- Agrobiotechnology Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 38206, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | | | - I Moreno-Indias
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria) Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Sánchez-Macías
- Agroindustrial Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, 060150, Ecuador
| | - A Argüello
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - N Castro
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain.
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Reyes-Batlle M, Mura-Escorche G, Sifaoui I, Otero-Ruiz A, Alfaro-Sifuentes R, López-Arencibia A, Rocha-Cabrera P, Chiboub O, Rizo-Liendo A, Zamora-Herrera J, Bethencourt-Estrella CJ, Rodríguez-Expósito RL, Nicolás-Hernández DS, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. In Vitro Evaluation of Combined Commercialized Ophthalmic Solutions Against Acanthamoeba Strains. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030109. [PMID: 31349717 PMCID: PMC6789763 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoebae genus which is present worldwide in natural and artificial environments. These amoebae are clinically important as causative agents of diseases in humans and other animals such as a fatal encephalitis or a sight threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). Lately; studies have focused on the search of novel therapeutic options for AK but also to prevent infections. Furthermore; the evaluation of commercialized products seems to be an option for this case since not clinical assays would be required. Thus; we aimed to test the amoebicidal activity of different mixtures of two commercial ophthalmic solutions: Systane® Ultra; which has already shown anti-Acanthamoeba properties; and Naviblef® Daily Care. In addition, we tested their cytotoxic effect against murine macrophages. At the individual level; Naviblef® Daily Care showed to be the most active product against Acanthamoeba spp. Nevertheless; the combinations of Systane® Ultra and Naviblef® Daily Care; showed an improvement in the activity against trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff. Moreover; the concentration necessary to generate cytotoxic effect against murine macrophages (J774.1) was much higher than the required for the amoebicidal and cysticidal effect achieved in the most effective mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Reyes-Batlle
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Glorian Mura-Escorche
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alejandro Otero-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Alfaro-Sifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Atteneri López-Arencibia
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Rocha-Cabrera
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
- Departmento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Olfa Chiboub
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, La Marsa, University of Carthage, Tunisia, Tunisia
| | - Aitor Rizo-Liendo
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jonadab Zamora-Herrera
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos J Bethencourt-Estrella
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rubén L Rodríguez-Expósito
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - José E Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna. Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
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Kadhum HJ, Mahapatra DM, Murthy GS. A comparative account of glucose yields and bioethanol production from separate and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes at high solids loading with variable PEG concentration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:67-75. [PMID: 30901590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A process strategy to aid in optimal enzymatic hydrolysis through the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) was tested for separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Pretreated wheat straw at 30% solids (w/w) loading was enzymatically hydrolyzed with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% of PEG6000 through SHF and SSF. During SHF, bioethanol concentration of 107.5 g/L (2.5% PEG6000) was achieved. SSF ethanol concentration were about 113 g/L at 1.5% PEG6000 addition. A technoeconomic feasibility showed a return on investment (ROI) of 8.13% using 0.5% PEG6000 for SHF (96 h) and 12.25% ROI for SSF control (72 h). Life cycle assessment for the various scenarios indicated higher environmental gains for best cases of SSF over SHF. The study shows the SSF approach (0% PEG6000; 72 h) facilitates higher process efficiencies; technoeconomic gains and high environmental sustainability for future scale-up and commercial realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Jawad Kadhum
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq.
| | - Durga Madhab Mahapatra
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Ganti S Murthy
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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61
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Brzozowski P, Penev KI, Martinez FM, Scholl TJ, Mequanint K. Gellan gum-based gels with tunable relaxation properties for MRI phantoms. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 57:40-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fernandez PM, Binley A, Bloem E, French HK. Laboratory spectral induced polarisation signatures associated with iron and manganese oxide dissolution because of anaerobic degradation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2019; 221:1-10. [PMID: 30600103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of organic chemicals in natural soils depends on oxidation-reduction conditions. To protect our groundwater resources we need to understand the degradation processes under anaerobic conditions. Available iron and manganese oxides are used as electron acceptors for anaerobic degradation and are reduced to the dissolved form of metallic cations in pore water. To monitor this process is a challenge, because anaerobic conditions are difficult to sample directly without introducing oxygen. A few studies have shown an impact of iron reduction on spectral induced polarisation (SIP) signature, often associated with bacterial growth. Our objective is to study the impact of iron and manganese oxide dissolution, caused by degradation of an organic compound, with spectral induced polarisation signatures. Twenty-six vertical columns (30 cm high, inner diameter 4.6 cm) were filled with a sand rich in oxides (manganese and iron) with a static water table in the middle. In half of the columns, a 2 cm high contaminated layer was installed just above the water table. As the contaminant degrades, the initial oxygen is consumed and anaerobic conditions form Every three days over a period of one month, spectral induced polarisation (twenty frequencies between 5mHz and 10 kHz) data were collected on six columns: three contaminated replicates and three control replicates. Chemical analysis was done on twenty columns assigned for destructive water sampling, ten contaminated columns and ten control. The results show an increase of the real conductivity associated with the degradation processes, independent of frequency. Compared with the pore water electrical conductivity in the saturated zone, the real conductivity measurement revealed the formation of surface conductivity before iron was released in the pore water. In parallel, we also observed an evolution of the imaginary conductivity in both saturated and unsaturated zones at frequencies below 1 Hz. Overall, the anaerobic reduction of iron and manganese oxide during the organic degradation increased both the conductive and polarisation component of the complex conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine M Fernandez
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Andrew Binley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Esther Bloem
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 7, 1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Helen K French
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 7, 1430 Ås, Norway.
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63
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Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan–Vitamin C–Lactic Acid Composite Membrane for Potential Skin Tissue Engineering. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4362395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in tissue engineering have potential for the development of improved substitutes for damaged skin tissues. Vitamin C and lactic acid are well-known wound healing accelerators while chitosan is an important biomaterial having wound healing capabilities. However, addition of vitamin C induces fragility to the chitosan–lactic acid membranes. Therefore, the current study was designed to fabricate an intact chitosan–vitamin C–lactic acid composite membrane that may synergize the critical properties of every individual component for potential skin tissue engineering. For this purpose, different concentrations of glycerol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were added to strengthen the chitosan–vitamin C–lactic acid membranes. The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X–ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the prepared membranes was evaluated with fibroblast NIH 3T3 cells. The results showed that addition of glycerol and PEG has improved the strength of chitosan–vitamin C–lactic acid composite membrane. Characterization studies revealed the successful synthesis of chitosan–vitamin C–lactic acid composite membrane. Moreover, the prepared membranes showed excellent biocompatibility with NIH 3T3 cells. However, it is important to note that cells showed more attachment and spreading on porous chitosan composites membranes as compared to nonporous membranes. This study provided a base for the development of an intact chitosan–vitamin C–lactic acid composite membrane for skin tissue engineering. However, further preclinical and clinical studies are required for its practical applications in skin tissue engineering.
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64
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Cajero-Zul LR, López-Dellamary FA, Gómez-Salazar S, Vázquez-Lepe M, Vera-Graziano R, Torres-Vitela MR, Olea-Rodríguez MA, Nuño-Donlucas SM. Evaluation of the resistance to bacterial growth of star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) grafted onto functionalized carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 30:163-189. [PMID: 30556772 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1558487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTsf) as nanofillers, and a copolymer of star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) (stPCL) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a polymeric matrix were synthesized, characterized, and their resistance to the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. CNTsf contain hydroxyl, carboxyl and acyl chloride groups attached to their surface. Nanocomposites were prepared by mixing CNTsf to a solution of stPCL-PEG copolymer. Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies confirm the functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Star-shaped PCL-PEG copolymer was characterized by Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that CNTsf are grafted to the stPCL-PEG copolymer. Crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites depends on the amount of CNTsf used in their preparation, detecting nucleation (nanocomposites prepared with 0.5 wt.% of CNTsf) or anti-nucleation (nanocomposites prepared with 1.0 wt.% of CNTsf) effects. Young's Moduli and thermal stability of nanocomposites were higher, but their resistence to the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was lower than the observed for their pure polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Cajero-Zul
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias , Guadalajara , México
| | - F A López-Dellamary
- b Departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel , Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias. Carretera a Nogales , Zapopan , México
| | - S Gómez-Salazar
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias , Guadalajara , México
| | - M Vázquez-Lepe
- c Departamento de Ingeniería de Proyectos , Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias , Zapopan , México
| | - R Vera-Graziano
- d Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , CDMX , México
| | - M R Torres-Vitela
- e Departamento de Farmacobiología , Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias , Guadalajara , México
| | - M A Olea-Rodríguez
- e Departamento de Farmacobiología , Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias , Guadalajara , México
| | - S M Nuño-Donlucas
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias , Guadalajara , México
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Somarathna T, Ranaweera KKDS, Premakumara GAS, Weerakkody NS. Combination effect of
Alpinia malaccensis
and
Terminalia catappa
extract for controlling foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria on ready to cook vacuum packed raw chicken meat. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thikshani Somarathna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Graduate StudiesUniversity of Sri Jayewardenepura Nugegoda Sri Lanka
- Department of Agricultural and Plantation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering TechnologyThe Open University of Sri Lanka Nawala Sri Lanka
| | - K. K. D. S. Ranaweera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Graduate StudiesUniversity of Sri Jayewardenepura Nugegoda Sri Lanka
| | | | - Nimsha S. Weerakkody
- Department of Agricultural and Plantation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering TechnologyThe Open University of Sri Lanka Nawala Sri Lanka
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Tavakoli A, Ataei-Pirkooh A, Mm Sadeghi G, Bokharaei-Salim F, Sahrapour P, Kiani SJ, Moghoofei M, Farahmand M, Javanmard D, Monavari SH. Polyethylene glycol-coated zinc oxide nanoparticle: an efficient nanoweapon to fight against herpes simplex virus type 1. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2675-2690. [PMID: 30346253 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine the possible inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated ZnO-NPs (ZnO-PEG-NPs) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). MATERIALS & METHODS PEGylated ZnO-NPs were synthesized by the mechanical method. Antiviral activity was assessed by 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) and real-time PCR assays. To confirm the antiviral activity of ZnO-NPs on expression of HSV-1 antigens, indirect immunofluorescence assay was also conducted. RESULTS 200 μg/ml ZnO-PEG-NPs could result in 2.5 log10 TCID50 reduction in virus titer, with inhibition rate of approximately 92% in copy number of HSV-1 genomic DNA. CONCLUSION ZnO-PEG-NPs could be proposed as a new agent for efficient HSV-1 inhibition. Our results indicated that PEGylation is effective in reducing cytotoxicity and increasing antiviral activity of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tavakoli
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Angila Ataei-Pirkooh
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Gity Mm Sadeghi
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Peyman Sahrapour
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Seyed J Kiani
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6716777816, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Davod Javanmard
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
| | - Seyed H Monavari
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 449614535, Iran
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Puschmann J, Herbig ME, Müller-Goymann CC. Correlation of antimicrobial effects of phenoxyethanol with its free concentration in the water phase of o/w-emulsion gels. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 131:152-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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68
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Bazzano M, Laghi L, Zhu C, Magi GE, Serri E, Spaterna A, Tesei B, Laus F. Metabolomics of tracheal wash samples and exhaled breath condensates in healthy horses and horses affected by equine asthma. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046015. [PMID: 30168442 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aade13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work characterized the metabolomic profile of tracheal wash (TW) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in healthy horses and horses with respiratory disease. Six asthma-affected horses (group A) and six healthy controls (group H) underwent clinical, endoscopic and cytologic examinations of upper airways to confirm the active phase of asthma. TW and EBC samples were collected from each animal and investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomic analysis. A total of ten out of 38 metabolites found in the TW were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05). Higher concentrations of histamine and oxidant agents, such as glutamate, valine, leucine and isoleucine, as well as lower levels of ascorbate, methylamine, dimethylamine and O-phosphocholine, were found in group A compared to group H. Eight metabolites were found in equine EBC, namely methanol, ethanol, formate, trimethylamine, acetone, acetate, lactate and butanone, previously observed also in human EBC. Despite the fact that this was a pilot study, the results showed that the metabolomic analysis of TW and EBC has the potentiality to serve as a basis for diagnostic tools in horses with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
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Comparison of Antibacterial Adhesion When Salivary Pellicle Is Coated on Both Poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate)- and Polyethylene-glycol-methacrylate-grafted Poly(methyl methacrylate). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092764. [PMID: 30223440 PMCID: PMC6164387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) have been demonstrated to inhibit bacterial adhesion, no study has compared antibacterial adhesion when salivary pellicle is coated on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) grafted with pHEMA and on PMMA grafted with PEGMA. In this study, PMMA discs were fabricated from a commercial orthodontic acrylic resin system (Ortho-Jet). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectra taken before and after grafting confirmed that pHEMA and PEGMA were successfully grafted on PMMA. Contact angle measurements revealed PMMA-pHEMA to be the most hydrophilic, followed by PMMA-PEGMA, and then by PMMA. Zeta potential analysis revealed the most negative surface charges on PMMA-PEGMA, followed by PMMA-pHEMA, and then by PMMA. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed green fluorescence in the background, indicating images that influenced the accuracy of the quantification of live bacteria. Both the optical density value measured at 600 nm and single plate-serial dilution spotting showed that pHEMA was more effective than PEGMA against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans, although the difference was not significant. Therefore, the grafting of pHEMA and PEGMA separately on PMMA is effective against bacterial adhesion, even after the grafted PMMA were coated with salivary pellicle. Surface hydrophilicity, bactericidality, and Coulomb repulsion between the negatively charged bacteria and the grafted surface contributed to the effectiveness.
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70
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Junmahasathien T, Panraksa P, Protiarn P, Hormdee D, Noisombut R, Kantrong N, Jantrawut P. Preparation and Evaluation of Metronidazole-Loaded Pectin Films for Potentially Targeting a Microbial Infection Associated with Periodontal Disease. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1021. [PMID: 30960947 PMCID: PMC6403832 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop the metronidazole loaded high and low methoxyl pectin films (HM-G-MZ and LM-G-MZ) for the treatment of periodontal disease. The films were prepared by pectin 3% w/v, glycerin 40% w/v, and metronidazole 5% w/v. The developed films were characterized by scanning electron microscope and evaluated for thickness, weight variation, and elasticity. The developed films showing optimal mechanical properties were selected to evaluate radial swelling properties, in vitro release of metronidazole and the antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by the disc diffusion method. The results demonstrated that LM-MZ and HM-G-MZ films were colorless and yellowish color, respectively, with the film thickness around 0.36⁻0.38 mm. Furthermore, both films exhibited good elasticity with low puncture strength (1.63 ± 0.37 and 0.84 ± 0.03 N/mm², respectively) and also showed slight increase in radial swelling, so that they could be easily inserted and fitted into the periodontal pocket during a clinical use. However, HM-G-MZ showed a decrease in radial swelling after 1 h due to the film erosion. The in vitro release study of LM-G-MZ showed a burst release that was initially followed by a slow release rate profile, capable to maintain the therapeutic level in periodontal pocket for seven days, whereas HM-G-MZ showed an immediate release profile. The cumulative percentage of metronidazole release from HM-G-MZ was less than LM-G-MZ during the first 5 min as metronidazole was in a crystalline form inside HM-G-MZ film. For antimicrobial activity test, both films showed the inhibitory effect against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans, and there was no difference in the inhibition zone between LM-G-MZ and HM-G-MZ. The present study showed, for the first time, that low methoxyl pectin film containing glycerin and metronidazole could be potentially considered as a promising clinical tool for the drug delivery via intra-periodontal pocket to target an oral disease that is associated with polymicrobial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taepin Junmahasathien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Pattaraporn Panraksa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Paytaai Protiarn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Doosadee Hormdee
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Rajda Noisombut
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Nutthapong Kantrong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Toxic effects of selected proprietary dry eye drops on Acanthamoeba. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8520. [PMID: 29867132 PMCID: PMC5986802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous protists that have been isolated from many sources such as soils, water and the air. They are responsible for infections including fatal encephalitis and a severe keratitis in humans. To date, there is no satisfactorily effective therapeutic agent against this pathogen and the infections it causes are exacerbated by the existence of a resistant cyst stage produced by this amoeba. As dry eye syndrome is a risk factor for Acanthamoeba keratitis, we aimed to evaluate the anti-Acanthamoeba activity of a variety of proprietary eye drops intended to treat dry eye syndrome. From the nine eye drop formulations tested, "Systane Ultra" was determined to be the most active against all tested Acanthamoeba strains. During our investigations into the mode of action of Systane Ultra, we discovered that it decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, induces chromatin condensation, and increases the permeability of the plasma-membrane.
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72
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Miler JA, Hajek P. Resolution of chronic nasal Staphylococcus aureus infection in a non-smoker who started to use glycerine based e-cigarettes: Antibacterial effects of vaping? Med Hypotheses 2018; 118:42-43. [PMID: 30037613 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokers who switch to vaping report a decrease in respiratory infections. A previous case report of a non-smoker who started to vape and experienced a resolution of chronic tonsillitis proposed that this could be due to bactericidal effects of propylene glycol. Here were report a similar case where a resolution of chronic nasal infection was associated with using glycerol-based nicotine vaporiser. CASE PRESENTATION A never-smoker adopted an e-cigarette that his wife was using and after a few weeks of vaping liquids containing vegetable glycerine with low levels of nicotine (3 mg/ml) experienced a complete resolution of chronic nasal Staphylococcus aureus infections. CONCLUSIONS The improvements cannot be attributed to smoking cessation or bactericidal effects of propylene glycol. The effect could be a coincidence, but it could also be related to bacteriostatic properties of glycerol, or to antimicrobial properties of nicotine and/or the zinc (II) complex of nicotine. Assessments of effects of e-cigarettes with different humectants and nicotine levels in patients with recurrent bacterial respiratory infections could clarify this issue and possibly generate new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Astrid Miler
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Hajek
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, 2 Stayner's Road, London E1 4AH, United Kingdom
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Uslan C, İşleyen ND, Öztürk Y, Yıldız BT, Çakar ZP, Göksel M, Durmuş M, Gürsel YH, Sesalan BŞ. A novel of PEG-conjugated phthalocyanine and evaluation of its photocytotoxicity and antibacterial properties for photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated silicon(IV) phthalocyanine axially substituted with (PEG1000) chains (SiPc-PEG) was synthesized, and this novel phthalocyanine was characterized by [Formula: see text]H-NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods. Elemental analysis data were beneficial for the evaluation of the chemical structure of the new compound. The total number of (O–CH[Formula: see text]–CH[Formula: see text] units was calculated as 44 and the structure of the new PEG-conjugated silicon phthalocyanine was determined by the use of integral areas in [Formula: see text]H-NMR spectrum and the ratio of SiPc:PEG1000 was found as 1:2. The photophysical and photochemical properties were determined in both DMSO and aqueous solutions. In addition, the photocytotoxicity of the novel PEG-conjugated silicon(IV) phthalocyanine was also examined by testing against human cervical-carcinoma (HeLa) and hepato-carcinoma cells (HuH-7). The IC[Formula: see text] value for the SiPc-PEG compound was determined as 0.28 [Formula: see text]M for HeLa cells and 0.4 [Formula: see text]M for HuH-7 cells. These results imply that HeLa cells are apparently more responsive to photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment by SiPc-PEG than HuH-7 cells at low concentrations (up to 0.5 [Formula: see text]M) of the studied photosensitizer. Additionally, SiPc-PEG showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli at 48 h of incubation, the viabilities of E.coli cultures exposed to 1000 [Formula: see text]g/mL and 2500 [Formula: see text]g/mL SiPc-PEG concentration were reduced by about 90%, and the additional growth inhibitory effect of photoactivation was also observed clearly at these efficient concentrations. To conclude, the novel compound may have a high potential for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Uslan
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Kultur University, Faculty of Engineering, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naciye Durmuş İşleyen
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Technical University, Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics, Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yetkin Öztürk
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Technical University, Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics, Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Turanlı Yıldız
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Technical University, Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics, Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z. Petek Çakar
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Technical University, Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics, Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Göksel
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Kocaeli University, Kosekoy Vocational School, Department of Chemistry, Kartepe, 41250, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Hepuzer Gürsel
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B. Şebnem Sesalan
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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Miler JA, Hajek P. Resolution of recurrent tonsillitis in a non-smoker who became a vaper. A case study and new hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2017; 109:17-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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75
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Synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) di-itaconate and investigation of its influence on acrylamide based hydrogels meant for water treatment. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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76
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Nalawade TM, Bhat KG, Sogi S. Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016; 9:335-341. [PMID: 28127166 PMCID: PMC5233701 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to determine the relative antimicrobial effectiveness of these endodontic medicaments and various vehicles using an agar well diffusion assay. Materials and methods Double Antibiotic Paste(DAP), modified DAP, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate and their combination with four vehicles namely Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG), Propylene glycol (PG), combinations of PG with PEG and lastly Glycerine were tested using agar well diffusion assay. The minimum bactericidal concentration was noted against four standard strains of organisms ie Streptococcus mutans ATCC( American Type Culture Collection) 25175, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12598, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 35550 and Eschericia coli ATCC 25922. Successful endodontic therapy depends upon thorough disinfection of root canals. In some refractory cases, routine endodontic therapy is not sufficient, so intracanal medicaments are used for proper disinfection of canals. Issues of resistance, limited spectrum of activity and lack of antifungal properties, the hunt for the ideal intracanal medicament continues. In this regard, the vehicles used to form the pastes play a supportive role by forming the appropriate consistency for placement and may dramatically influence their chemical characteristics like their solubility and diffusion. Thus, inorder to use safer and equally effective intracanal medicaments, Chlorhexidine gluconate is being unveiled in this study. Results The difference between the four vehicles when combined with the same endodontic medicament studied above is nonsignificant (NS) except against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Propylene glycol is significantly effective than Glycerine when used with DAP ie C+M medicament combination. (p = 0.029) Conclusion 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and modified DAP can definitely replace DAP and triple antibiotic paste as end-odontic medicaments with chlorhexidine having an added advantage of bactericidal action, substantivity, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and lesser chances of developing resistance. How to cite this article Nalawade TM, Bhat KG, Sogi S. Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):335-341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triveni M Nalawade
- PhD Scholar, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Consutant, Department of Microbiology, KLE University's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Suma Sogi
- professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research Ambala, Haryana, India
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Rodríguez-Contreras A, Marqués-Calvo MS, Gil FJ, Manero JM. Modification of titanium surfaces by adding antibiotic-loaded PHB spheres and PEG for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:124. [PMID: 27318469 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel researches are focused on the prevention and management of post-operative infections. To avoid this common complication of implant surgery, it is preferable to use new biomaterials with antibacterial properties. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop a method of combining the antibacterial properties of antibiotic-loaded poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) nano- and micro-spheres and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an antifouling agent, with titanium (Ti), as the base material for implants, in order to obtain surfaces with antibacterial activity. The Ti surfaces were linked to both PHB particles and PEG by a covalent bond. This attachment was carried out by firstly activating the surfaces with either Oxygen plasma or Sodium hydroxide. Further functionalization of the activated surfaces with different alkoxysilanes allows the reaction with PHB particles and PEG. The study confirms that the Ti surfaces achieved the antibacterial properties by combining the antibiotic-loaded PHB spheres, and PEG as an antifouling agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rodríguez-Contreras
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Laboratori de Microscòpia Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona TECH, Avda. Diagonal Pavelló E (Etseib)-Planta 0, 647-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Soledad Marqués-Calvo
- Departament d'Òptica i Optometria, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona TECH, Sant Nebridi 22, 08222, Terrassa Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gil
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Laboratori de Microscòpia Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona TECH, Avda. Diagonal Pavelló E (Etseib)-Planta 0, 647-08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona TECH, Avda. Diagonal, 647-08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Manero
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Laboratori de Microscòpia Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona TECH, Avda. Diagonal Pavelló E (Etseib)-Planta 0, 647-08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona TECH, Avda. Diagonal, 647-08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Madrid, Spain
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