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Jara-Medina NR, Cueva DF, Cedeño-Pinargote AC, Gualle A, Aguilera-Pesantes D, Méndez MÁ, Orejuela-Escobar L, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Cortez-Zambrano R, Miranda-Moyano N, Tejera E, Machado A. Eco-alternative treatments for Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae biofilms from shrimp industry through Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and Guava (Psidium guajava) extracts: A road for an Ecuadorian sustainable economy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304126. [PMID: 39137207 PMCID: PMC11321589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how environmental variables influence biofilm formation becomes relevant for managing Vibrio biofilm-related infections in shrimp production. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of temperature, time, and initial inoculum in the biofilm development of these two Vibrio species using a multifactorial experimental design. Planktonic growth inhibition and inhibition/eradication of Vibrio biofilms, more exactly V. parahaemolyticus (VP87 and VP275) and V. cholerae (VC112) isolated from shrimp farms were evaluated by Eucalyptus and Guava aqueous leaf extracts and compared to tetracycline and ceftriaxone. Preliminary results showed that the best growth conditions of biofilm development for V. parahaemolyticus were 24 h and 24°C (p <0.001), while V. cholerae biofilms were 72 h and 30°C (p <0.001). Multivariate linear regression ANOVA was applied using colony-forming unit (CFU) counting assays as a reference, and R-squared values were applied as goodness-of-fit measurements for biofilm analysis. Then, both plant extracts were analyzed with HPLC using double online detection by diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) for the evaluation of their chemical composition, where the main identified compounds for Eucalyptus extract were cypellogin A, cypellogin B, and cypellocarpin C, while guavinoside A, B, and C compounds were the main compounds for Guava extract. For planktonic growth inhibition, Eucalyptus extract showed its maximum effect at 200 μg/mL with an inhibition of 75% (p < 0.0001) against all Vibrio strains, while Guava extract exhibited its maximum inhibition at 1600 μg/mL with an inhibition of 70% (p < 0.0001). Both biofilm inhibition and eradication assays were performed by the two conditions (24 h at 24°C and 72 h at 30°C) on Vibrio strains according to desirability analysis. Regarding 24 h at 24°C, differences were observed in the CFU counting between antibiotics and plant extracts, where both plant extracts demonstrated a higher reduction of viable cells when compared with both antibiotics at 8x, 16x, and 32x MIC values (Eucalyptus extract: 1600, 3200, and 6400 μg/mL; while Guava extract: 12800, 25600, and 52000 μg/mL). Concerning 72 h at 30°C, results showed a less notorious biomass inhibition by Guava leaf extract and tetracycline. However, Eucalyptus extract significantly reduced the total number of viable cells within Vibrio biofilms from 2x to 32x MIC values (400-6400 μg/mL) when compared to the same MIC values of ceftriaxone (5-80 μg/mL), which was not able to reduce viable cells. Eucalyptus extract demonstrated similar results at both growth conditions, showing an average inhibition of approximately 80% at 400 μg/mL concentration for all Vibrio isolates (p < 0.0001). Moreover, eradication biofilm assays demonstrated significant eradication against all Vibrio strains at both growth conditions, but biofilm eradication values were substantially lower. Both extract plants demonstrated a higher reduction of viable cells when compared with both antibiotics at 8x, 16x, and 32x MIC values at both growth sets, where Eucalyptus extract at 800 μg/mL reduced 70% of biomass and 90% of viable cells for all Vibrio strains (p < 0.0001). Overall results suggested a viable alternative against vibriosis in the shrimp industry in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Renato Jara-Medina
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dario Fernando Cueva
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ariana Cecibel Cedeño-Pinargote
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Arleth Gualle
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Méndez
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lourdes Orejuela-Escobar
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Ambientales BIÓSFERA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Herbario de Botánica Económica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rebeca Cortez-Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Herbario de Botánica Económica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nelson Miranda-Moyano
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Herbario de Botánica Económica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias Aplicadas, Grupo de Bioquimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - António Machado
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Calle Diego de Robles y Pampite, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
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Gautam K, Shrestha R, Dlamini S, Razali B, Paudel K, Azwa I, Saifi R, Toh Y, Justin Lim H, Sutherland R, Restar A, Phanuphak N, Wickersham JA. Adaptation of a Theory-Based Mobile App to Improve Access to HIV Prevention Services for Transgender Women in Malaysia: Focus Group Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e56250. [PMID: 39137407 DOI: 10.2196/56250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, transgender women have been disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic, including in Malaysia, where an estimated 11% of transgender women are living with HIV. Available interventions designed specifically to meet transgender women's needs for HIV prevention are limited. Mobile health, particularly smartphone mobile apps, is an innovative and cost-effective strategy for reaching transgender women and delivering interventions to reduce HIV vulnerability. OBJECTIVE This study aims to adapt a theory-based mobile health HIV prevention smartphone app, HealthMindr, to meet the unique needs of transgender women in Malaysia. We conducted theater testing of the HealthMindr app with transgender women and key stakeholders and explored barriers to transgender women's uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). METHODS From February to April 2022, a total of 6 focus group (FG) sessions were conducted with 29 participants: 4 FG sessions with transgender women (n=18, 62%) and 2 FG sessions with stakeholders (n=11, 38%) providing HIV prevention services to transgender women in Malaysia. Barriers to PrEP uptake and gender-affirming care services among transgender women in Malaysia were explored. Participants were then introduced to the HealthMindr app and provided a comprehensive tour of the app's features and functions. Participants provided feedback on the app and on how existing features should be adapted to meet the needs of transgender women, as well as any features that should be removed or added. Each FG was digitally recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded inductively using Dedoose software (version 9.0.54; SocioCultural Research Consultants, LLC) and analyzed to identify and interpret emerging themes. RESULTS Six subthemes related to PrEP barriers were found: stigma and discrimination, limited PrEP knowledge, high PrEP cost, accessibility concerns, alternative prevention methods, and perceived adverse effects. Participants suggested several recommendations regarding the attributes and app features that would be the most useful for transgender women in Malaysia. Adaptation and refinement of the app were related to the attributes of the app (user interface, security, customizable colors, themes, and avatars), feedback, and requests for additional mobile app functional (appointment booking, e-consultation, e-pharmacy, medicine tracker, mood tracker, resources, and service site locator) and communication (peer support group, live chat, and discussion forum) features. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal that multifaceted barriers hinder PrEP uptake and use among transgender women in Malaysia. The findings also provide detailed recommendations for successfully adapting the HealthMindr app to the context of Malaysian transgender women, with a potential solution for delivering tailored HIV prevention, including PrEP, and increasing accessibility to gender-affirming care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Gautam
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Roman Shrestha
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sihlelelwe Dlamini
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Belle Razali
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kiran Paudel
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Iskandar Azwa
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rumana Saifi
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - YuHang Toh
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazriq Justin Lim
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ryan Sutherland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Arjee Restar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey A Wickersham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Le HT, Do TH, Dao TA, Hoang TT, Nguyen BT, Le TL, Nguyen DL, Yoshida LM, Le XH, Le HQ, Ton TT, Ha MJ. Seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody and implications for vaccination policy in Vietnam's South-central coast: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:813. [PMID: 39134980 PMCID: PMC11318120 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diphtheria is a re-emerging infectious disease and public health concern worldwide and in Vietnam with increasing cases in recent years. This study aimed to assess the anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies status in Khanh Hoa Province and identify factors contributing to the vaccination policy in the south-central coast of Vietnam. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies among 1,195 participants, aged 5 - 40 years in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Immunoglobulin G antibody levels against diphtheria were detected using a commercial anti-diphtheria toxoid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SERION ELISA classic Diphtheria Immunoglobulin G) and were categorized following the World Health Organization guidelines. RESULTS The mean anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody levels were 0.07 IU/ml (95% Confidence Interval: 0.07-0.08). Anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody levels were found to be associated with age and history of diphtheria vaccination. The 5-15 years age group had the highest levels (0.09 IU/ml), while the older age group had the lowest antibody level (p < 0.001). Individuals who received three doses (adjusted Odds ratio: 2.34, 95%CI: 1.35 - 4.07) or 4+ doses (adjusted Odds ratio: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.29 - 4.64) had a higher antibody level compared to those who received only one dose regardless of age. CONCLUSION It is crucial to promote routine vaccination coverage to over 95% for children under one year of age with three primary doses of the diphtheria-containing vaccine, including additional doses at 18 months and 7 years of age. Booster doses should be promoted and administered to adolescents and adults every 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thieu Le
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Thai Hung Do
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - The Anh Dao
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Thuy Lien Le
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | | | - Lay-Myint Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Xuan Huy Le
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Hong Quan Le
- Khanh Hoa Province Health Department, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - That Toan Ton
- Nha Trang Center for Disease Control, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Min Jin Ha
- Department of Health Informatics and Biostatistic, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Suwanakitti N, Talawanich Y, Vanichtanankul J, Taweechai S, Yuthavong Y, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Kongkasuriyachai D. folA thyA knockout E. coli as a suitable surrogate model for evaluation of antifolate sensitivity against PfDHFR-TS. Acta Trop 2024; 258:107360. [PMID: 39142549 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
A new superior bacteria complementation model was achieved for testing antifolate compounds and investigating antifolate resistance in the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme of the malaria parasite. Earlier models depended on the addition of trimethoprim (TMP) to chemically suppress the host Escherichia coli (Ec) DHFR function. However, incomplete suppression of EcDHFR and potential interference of antibiotics needed to maintain plasmids for complementary gene expression can complicate the interpretations. To overcome such limitations, the folA (F) and thyA (T) genes were genetically knocked out (Δ) in E. coli BL21(DE3). The resulting EcΔFΔT cells were thymidine auxotroph where thymidine supplementation or functional complementation with heterologous DHFR-thymidylate synthase (TS) is needed to restore the loss of gene functions. When tested against pyrimethamine (PYR) and its analogs designed to target Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) DHFR-TS, the 50 % inhibitory concentration values obtained from EcΔFΔT surrogates expressing wildtype (PfTM4) or double mutant (PfK1) DHFR-TS showed strong correlations to the results obtained from the standard in vitro P. falciparum growth inhibition assay. Interestingly, while TMP had little effect on the susceptibility to PYR and analogs in EcΔFΔT expressing PfDHFR-TS, it hypersensitized the chemically knockdown E. coli BL21(DE3) expressing PfTM4 DHFR-TS but desensitized the one carrying PfK1 DHFR-TS. The low intrinsic expression level of PfTM4 in E. coli BL21(DE3) by western blot analysis may explain the hypersensitive to antifolates of chemical knockdown bacteria surrogate. These results demonstrated the usefulness of EcΔFΔT surrogate as a new tool for antifolate antimalarial screening with potential application for investigation of antifolate resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattida Suwanakitti
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Yuwadee Talawanich
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Vanichtanankul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Supannee Taweechai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Yongyuth Yuthavong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Darin Kongkasuriyachai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Oka T, Li TC, Yonemitsu K, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, Kataoka M, Doan YH, Okemoto-Nakamura Y, Kobayashi T, Saito H, Mita T, Tokuoka E, Shibata S, Yoshida T, Takagi H. Propagating and banking genetically diverse human sapovirus strains using a human duodenal cell line: investigating antigenic differences between strains. J Virol 2024:e0063924. [PMID: 39132992 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00639-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
There are four genogroups and 18 genotypes of human sapoviruses (HuSaVs) responsible for acute gastroenteritis. To comprehend their antigenic and virological differences, it is crucial to obtain viral stocks of the different strains. Previously, we utilized the human duodenum-derived cell line HuTu80, and glycocholate, a conjugated bile acid, to replicate and propagate GI.1, GI.2, and GII.3 HuSaVs (H. Takagi et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:32078-32085, 2020, https://10.1073/pnas.2007310117). First, we investigated the impact of HuTu80 passage number on HuSaV propagation. Second, we demonstrated that taurocholate improved the initial replication success rate and viral RNA levels in fecal specimens relative to glycocholate. By propagating 15 HuSaV genotypes (GI.1-7, GII.1-5, -8, and GV.1-2) and accomplishing preparation of viral stocks containing 1.0 × 109 to 3.4 × 1011 viral genomic copies/mL, we found that all strains required bile acids for replication, with GII.4 showing strict requirements for taurocholate. The deduced VP1 sequences of the viruses during the scale-up of serial passaged virus cultures were either identical or differed by only two amino acids from the original sequences in feces. In addition, we purified virions from nine strains of different genotypes and used them as immunogens for antiserum production. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using rabbit and guinea pig antisera for each of the 15 strains of different genotypes revealed distinct antigenicity among the propagating viruses across genogroups and differences between genotypes. Acquisition of biobanked viral resources and determination of key culture conditions will be valuable to gain insights into the common mechanisms of HuSaV infection. IMPORTANCE The control of human sapovirus, which causes acute gastroenteritis in individuals of all ages, is challenging because of its association with outbreaks similar to those caused by human norovirus. The establishment of conditions for efficient viral propagation of various viral strains is essential for understanding the infection mechanism and identifying potential control methods. In this study, two critical factors for human sapovirus propagation in a conventional human duodenal cell line were identified, and 15 strains of different genotypes that differed at the genetic and antigenic levels were isolated and used to prepare virus stocks. The preparation of virus stocks has not been successful for noroviruses, which belong to the same family as sapoviruses. Securing virus stocks of multiple human sapovirus strains represents a significant advance toward establishing a reliable experimental system that does not depend on limited virus-positive fecal material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoichiro Oka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yonemitsu
- Research Center for Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Research Center for Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzaki
- Research Center for Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yen Hai Doan
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Okemoto-Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Division of Virology, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, Akita, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Mita
- Shimane Prefectural Meat Inspection Center, Shimane, Japan
| | - Eisuke Tokuoka
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shibata
- Microbiology Department, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Infectious Diseases Division, Nagano Environmental Conservation Research Institute, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takagi
- Research Center for Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang X, Liu Y, Li N, Peng X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liang L, Bian Z, Jiang H, Ding J. Analysis of the Brucella melitensis epidemic in Xinjiang: genotyping, polymorphism, antibiotic resistance and tracing. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:71. [PMID: 39127671 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that cause zoonosis- brucellosis worldwide. There has been a trend of the re-emergence of brucellosis worldwide in recent years. The epidemic situation of brucellosis is serious in Xinjiang. To analyze the epidemic situation of Brucella spp. in Xinjiang among humans and animals, this study identified 144 Brucella isolates from Xinjiang using classical identification and 16 S rRNA sequencing. MLVA, drug resistance testing, and wgSNP detection were also performed. At the same time, analysis was conducted based on the published data of Brucella isolates worldwide. The results showed that the dominant species was B. melitensis biovar 3, which belonged to GT42 (MLVA-8 typing) and the East Mediterranean lineage. The correlation among isolates was high both in humans or animals. The isolates in Xinjiang exhibited higher polymorphism compared to other locations in China, with polymorphism increasing each year since 2010. No amikacin/kanamycin-resistant strains were detected, but six rifampicin-intermediate isolates were identified without rpoB gene variation. The NJ tree of the wgSNP results indicated that there were three main complexes of the B. melitensis epidemic in Xinjiang. Based on the results of this study, the prevention and control of brucellosis in Xinjiang should focus on B. melitensis, particularly strains belonging to B. melitensis bv.3 GT42 (MLVA-8 typing) and East Mediterranean lineage. Additionally, the rifampicin- and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole- resistance of isolates in Xinjiang should be closely monitored to avoid compromising the therapeutic efficacy and causing greater losses. These results provide essential data for the prevention and control of brucellosis in Xinjiang and China. Although the isolates from Xinjiang have significant characteristics among Chinese isolates and can reflect the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in China to some extent, this study cannot represent the characteristics of isolates from other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafe Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumuqi, 830052, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animals Science, CAMS &PUMC, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafe Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zengjie Bian
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafe Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jiabo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafe Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Kristan M, Hazelgrove C, Kumar K, Kumar A, Kumar V, Das P, Collins E, Mark-Carew M, Campino S, Cameron M. Knockdown resistance mutations in Phlebotomus argentipes sand flies in Bihar, India. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:334. [PMID: 39123254 PMCID: PMC11311910 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector control based on indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the main components of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination programme in India. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was used for IRS until 2015 and was later replaced by the synthetic pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin. Both classes of insecticides share the same target site, the voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc). As high levels of resistance to DDT have been documented in the local sand fly vector, Phlebotomus argentipes, it is possible that mutations in the Vgsc gene could provide resistance to alpha-cypermethrin, affecting current IRS pyrethroid-based vector control. METHODS This study aimed to compare frequencies of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in Vgsc between two sprayed and two unsprayed villages in Bihar state, India, which had the highest VL burden of the four endemic states. Across four villages, 350 female P. argentipes were collected as part of a 2019 molecular xenomonitoring study. DNA was extracted and used for sequence analysis of the IIS6 fragment of the Vgsc gene to assess the presence of kdr mutations. RESULTS Mutations were identified at various positions, most frequently at codon 1014, a common site known to be associated with insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and sand flies. Significant inter-village variation was observed, with sand flies from Dharampur, an unsprayed village, showing a significantly higher proportion of wild-type alleles (55.8%) compared with the three other villages (8.5-14.3%). The allele differences observed across the four villages may result from selection pressure caused by previous exposure to DDT. CONCLUSIONS While DDT resistance has been reported in Bihar, P. argentipes is still susceptible to pyrethroids. However, the presence of kdr mutations in sand flies could present a threat to IRS used for VL control in endemic villages in India. Continuous surveillance of vector bionomics and insecticide resistance, using bioassays and target genotyping, is required to inform India's vector control strategies and to ensure the VL elimination target is reached and sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Kristan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | - Kundan Kumar
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Emma Collins
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Miguella Mark-Carew
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mary Cameron
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Hossain MB, Uchiyama Y, Rajib SA, Rahman A, Takatori M, Tan BJY, Sugata K, Nagashima M, Kawakami M, Ito H, Kumagai R, Sadamasu K, Ogi Y, Kawaguchi T, Tamura T, Fukuhara T, Ono M, Yoshimura K, Satou Y. A micro-disc-based multiplex method for monitoring emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants using the molecular diagnostic tool Intelli-OVI. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:161. [PMID: 39122992 PMCID: PMC11316138 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly transmissible viruses including SARS-CoV-2 frequently accumulate novel mutations that are detected via high-throughput sequencing. However, there is a need to develop an alternative rapid and non-expensive approach. Here we developed a novel multiplex DNA detection method Intelli-OVI for analysing existing and novel mutations of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS We have developed Intelli-OVI that includes the micro-disc-based method IntelliPlex and computational algorithms of objective variant identification (OVI). More than 250 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples including wastewater ones were analysed to verify the efficiency of the method. RESULTS IntelliPlex uses micro-discs printed with a unique pictorial pattern as a labelling conjugate for DNA probes, and OVI allows simultaneous identification of several variants using multidimensional data obtained by the IntelliPlex method. Importantly, de novo mutations can be identified by decreased signals, which indicates that there is an emergence of de novo variant virus as well as prompts the need to design additional primers and probes. We have upgraded probe panel according to the emergence of new variants and demonstrated that Intelli-OVI efficiently identified more than 20 different SARS-CoV-2 variants by using 35 different probes simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS Intelli-OVI can be upgraded to keep up with rapidly evolving viruses as we showed in this study using SARS-CoV-2 as an example and may be suitable for other viruses but would need to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Belal Hossain
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Yoshikazu Uchiyama
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Samiul Alam Rajib
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akhinur Rahman
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takatori
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Benjy Jek Yang Tan
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugata
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mami Nagashima
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiyo Kawakami
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ito
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kumagai
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ogi
- Clinical Laboratory Center of Kumamoto City Medical Association, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawaguchi
- Clinical Laboratory Center of Kumamoto City Medical Association, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Chekesa B, Singh H, Gonzalez-Juarbe N, Vashee S, Wiscovitch-Russo R, Dupont CL, Girma M, Kerro O, Gumi B, Ameni G. Whole-genome sequencing-based genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, and drug-resistant mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in western Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1399731. [PMID: 39185123 PMCID: PMC11341482 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1399731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) refers to a form of Tuberculosis (TB) where the infection occurs outside the lungs. Despite EPTB being a devastating disease of public health concern, it is frequently overlooked as a public health problem. This study aimed to investigate genetic diversity, identify drug-resistance mutations, and trace ongoing transmission chains. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken on individuals with EPTB in western Ethiopia. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to analyze Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) samples obtained from EPTB patients. Out of the 96 genomes initially sequenced, 89 met the required quality standards for genetic diversity, and drug-resistant mutations analysis. The data were processed using robust bioinformatics tools. Results Our analysis reveals that the majority (87.64%) of the isolates can be attributed to Lineage-4 (L4), with L4.6.3 and L4.2.2.2 emerging as the predominant sub-lineages, constituting 34.62% and 26.92%, respectively. The overall clustering rate and recent transmission index (RTI) were 30 and 17.24%, respectively. Notably, 7.87% of the isolates demonstrated resistance to at least one anti-TB drug, although multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed in only 1.12% of the isolates. Conclusions The genetic diversity of MTBC strains in western Ethiopia was found to have low inter-lineage diversity, with L4 predominating and exhibiting high intra-lineage diversity. The notably high clustering rate in the region implies a pressing need for enhanced TB infection control measures to effectively disrupt the transmission chain. It's noteworthy that 68.75% of resistance-conferring mutations went undetected by both GeneXpert MTB/RIF and the line probe assay (LPA) in western Ethiopia. The identification of resistance mutations undetected by both GeneXpert and LPA, along with the detection of mixed infections through WGS, emphasizes the value of adopting WGS as a high-resolution approach for TB diagnosis and molecular epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basha Chekesa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Collage of Natural and Computational Science, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Harinder Singh
- Infectious Diseases, Genomic Medicine, and Synthetic Biology Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe
- Infectious Diseases, Genomic Medicine, and Synthetic Biology Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sanjay Vashee
- Infectious Diseases, Genomic Medicine, and Synthetic Biology Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Rosana Wiscovitch-Russo
- Infectious Diseases, Genomic Medicine, and Synthetic Biology Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Christopher L. Dupont
- Genomic Medicine, Environment & Sustainability, and Synthetic Biology groups, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Musse Girma
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Oudessa Kerro
- Institute of Agriculture, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Balako Gumi
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Guo D, Zhuang S, Lu Q, Chen Y, Meng Q, Sun L, Zheng Y, Wang W, Yu D. Case report: Abscesses in children caused by invasive group A Streptococcus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1438624. [PMID: 39185468 PMCID: PMC11341415 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1438624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus is one of the common pathogens of suppurative infections. Invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infections often develop from skin or soft tissue infections, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is considered the main cause of death in Chinese children with iGAS infectious disease. However, soft tissue infections caused by iGAS infections, especially the formation of abscesses, are relatively rare. A retrospective study was conducted, and pediatric in-patients who were diagnosed with an iGAS infection identified by cultures from normally sterile sites and treated in a tertiary hospital during 2016-2018 were included. A total of 14 patients were identified, which included 10 boys and four girls. The patients had an age range from 3 months to 10 years and were diagnosed with soft tissue infections and a formation of abscesses caused by iGAS infections. The most common sites of infections were the lower limbs. In five patients, the abscess was accompanied by fever, and the local soft tissue showed redness, swelling, tenderness, and an elevated skin temperature. Laboratory findings included an increased white blood cell (WBC) count in 12 patients, an increased C reactive protein (CRP) level in seven patients, and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in 10 patients. No patients had an elevated procalcitonin level. For all 14 patients, we performed puncture and drainage of abscesses, and cultured GAS from the drainage fluid. All children also received antibiotic treatment. During 2 months of follow-up, the patients' condition remained stable and no evidence of kidney or heart damage was observed. For pediatric patients with abscesses, early diagnosis, prompt treatment with incision and drainage, and immediate culture of the drainage fluid are important. Upon confirmation of an iGAS infection, β-lactam antibiotics should be given to provide effective treatment, and in some patients with poor therapeutic outcomes, the use of vancomycin as an alternative can achieve the desired results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenjian Wang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingle Yu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Ai L, Zhou C, Liu B, Fang L, Gong F. Changes in the Antimicrobial Resistance and Bacterial Epidemiology of Moraxella catarrhalis from Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 5-Year Study at a Tertiary Hospital of Southwest China. Microb Drug Resist 2024. [PMID: 39122252 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2024.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Moraxella catarrhalis infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The epidemiological features and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of M. catarrhalis were compared between the pre-pandemic period (2018-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2022). The results revealed a marked increase in the positivity rate of M. catarrhalis in 2020 and 2021 compared with the pre-pandemic years. The median age of the patients increased significantly in 2021 and 2022, while the proportion of male patients decreased substantially from 2019 to 2021. In addition, there were notable changes in the co-infections of Haemophilus influenzae, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The AMR profile of M. catarrhalis also changed significantly, showing increased resistance to ampicillin, but decreased resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin, and a lower proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates. Notably, ampicillin resistance increased among β-lactamase-producing isolates. Before the pandemic, the number and detection rate of isolates, along with resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were seasonally distributed, peaking in autumn and winter. However, coinciding with local COVID-19 outbreaks, these indices sharply fell in February 2020, and the number of isolates did not recover during the autumn and winter of 2022. These findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the infection landscape of M. catarrhalis in pediatric CAP patients, as evidenced by shifts in the detection rate, demographic characteristics, respiratory co-infections, AMR profiles, and seasonal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ai
- Department of General Practice, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Gong
- Department of General Practice, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Agel E, Altın KH. Field-applicable simultaneous multiplex LAMP assay for screening HBV and HCV co-infection in a single tube. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:805. [PMID: 39123117 PMCID: PMC11311944 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, around 7 to 20 million people are believed to be suffering from coinfection with both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) approach, introduced by Notomi and colleagues, has undergone substantial advancements as an effective molecular tool that enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples in a single tube. METHODS The present study examined the simultaneous detection of HBV and HCV in a single tube using melt curve analysis multiplex LAMP (mLAMP), which is based on the identification of unique melting peak temperatures. Selected regions for primer design including the S gene of HBV and the UTR gene of HCV. Primer optimization is initially performed through individual HBV and HCV LAMP analysis. Following the optimization process, the mLAMP assay was evaluated by optimizing the multiplex reaction mixture, determining the reaction time, and analyzing the limit of detection (LOD). The results are also analyzed using lateral flow dipsticks (LFD), which enable the visual detection of HBV and HCV by adding 20 pmol FITC-labeled LF primers into the reaction mixture prior the mLAMP. RESULTS The LOD for the mLAMP assay was determined as 10 copies/µl, and no cross-reactivity with other microorganisms was detected. The detection results obtained from patient plasma were also visually demonstrated using LFD, and displayed significant concordance with those obtained from Real-Time Polymerase Chain Assay. The mLAMP assay revealed a diagnostic sensitivity of 95% for detecting the HBV, and LOD is 90% for HCV. The overall diagnostic sensitivity of the mLAMP assay for both viruses was 85%. The assay confirmed a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION The mLAMP assay displays significant promise for analyzing coinfected samples by simultaneously detecting the dual targets HBV and HCV within a set temperature of 62 °C, all within a time frame of 1 h. Additionally, when paired with disposable LFD, the mLAMP assay enables rapid visual detection of assay results in a matter of minutes. The result contributes to the mLAMP assay being highly suitable for coinfection screening, particularly in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Agel
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye, Sensor Technologies Research Group TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Türkiye.
| | - Kevser Hanne Altın
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, 34815, Türkiye
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Kamsom C, Edwards SW, Thaosing J, Papalee S, Pientong C, Kurosu T, Phanthanawiboon S. Altered neutrophil responses to dengue virus serotype three: delayed apoptosis is regulated by stabilisation of Mcl-1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18414. [PMID: 39117747 PMCID: PMC11310306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a global health concern, and the host-viral interactions that regulate disease severity are largely unknown. Detrimental effects of neutrophils in this disease have been reported, but the precise mechanisms and functional properties of dengue-activated neutrophils are not fully characterised. Here, we measured the effects of dengue virus serotype 3 (DV3) on neutrophil lifespan and functions. We show that DV3 extends neutrophil survival with a significant proportion of cells surviving for 72 h post-incubation. These effects on neutrophil survival were greater than those observed by adding GM-CSF and TNF-α alone, but these cytokines enhanced survival induced by the virus. Enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was observed following incubation with DV3 activation and this ROS production was enhanced by co-incubation with priming agents. In addition, DV triggered the enhanced IL-8 expression by the majority of neutrophils and a low percentage of cells were activated to express MCP-1 (CCL2). A low number of neutrophils showed increased co-expression of the migratory markers, CCR7 and CXCR4 which could promote their migration towards lymph nodes. DV3 significantly upregulated the BCL-XL gene at 3, 12, and 24 h, and the Mcl-1 gene at 12 h, following treatment. We also show that DV3 induces the Mcl-1 protein stabilization similar to GM-CSF. This report sheds new light on the mechanisms by which neutrophils may contribute to the pathology of dengue disease via delayed apoptosis and generation of pro-inflammatory molecules, and raises the possibility that dengue-activated neutrophils may play a role in activating cells of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatcharin Kamsom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jiraphon Thaosing
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Saitharn Papalee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Kumar A, Mark ZF, Carbajal MP, DeLima DS, Chamberlain N, Walzer J, Ruban M, Chandrasekaran R, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, Poynter ME, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Bates JH, Alcorn JF, Britto CJ, Dela Cruz CS, Jegga AG, Anathy V. The protein disulfide isomerase A3 and osteopontin axis promotes influenza-induced lung remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39118388 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fibrotic lung remodelling after a respiratory viral infection represents a debilitating clinical sequela. Studying or managing viral-fibrotic sequela remains challenging, due to limited therapeutic options and lack of understanding of mechanisms. This study determined whether protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), which are associated with pulmonary fibrosis, can promote influenza-induced lung fibrotic remodelling and whether inhibition of PDIA3 or SPP1 can resolve viral-mediated fibrotic remodelling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A retrospective analysis of TriNetX data sets was conducted. Serum from healthy controls and influenza A virus (IAV)-infected patients was analysed. An inhibitor of PDIA3, punicalagin, and a neutralizing antibody for SPP1 were administered in mice. Macrophage cells treated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were used as a cell culture model. KEY RESULTS The TriNetX data set showed an increase in lung fibrosis and decline in lung function in flu-infected acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients compared with non-ARDS patients. Serum samples revealed a significant increase in SPP1 and PDIA3 in influenza-infected patients. Lung PDIA3 and SPP1 expression increased following viral infection in mouse models. Punicalagin administration 2 weeks after IAV infection in mice caused a significant decrease in lung fibrosis and improved oxygen saturation. Administration of neutralizing SPP1 antibody decreased lung fibrosis. Inhibition of PDIA3 decreased SPP1secretion from macrophages, in association with diminished disulfide bonds in SPP1. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The PDIA3-SPP1 axis promotes post-influenza lung fibrosis in mice and that pharmacological inhibition of PDIA3 or SPP1 can treat virus-induced lung fibrotic sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Zoe F Mark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Morgan P Carbajal
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Dhemerson Souza DeLima
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nicolas Chamberlain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joseph Walzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Mona Ruban
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ravishankar Chandrasekaran
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Yvonne M W Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jason H Bates
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clemente J Britto
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anil G Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Ura H, Matsuoka N, Kubota K, Sadamoto K. Trends in prescription of anti-seizure medications in Japan between 2018 and 2021: A retrospective study using the National Database Open Data Japan. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 159:109949. [PMID: 39121754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective study aimed to analyze anti-seizure medication (ASM) prescription trends in Japan, particularly among older adults and women of childbearing age, to inform future treatment strategies and optimize ASM selection criteria. METHODS Data were extracted from the National Database Open Data Japan for fiscal years (FY) 2018-2021, covering prescriptions across sex and 5-year age groups. We conducted data imputation for prescriptions under 1,000 units to maintain anonymity, calculated the estimated number of patients using standard adult maintenance doses, and adjusted for pediatric dosing using Augsberger's formula. RESULTS Our analysis revealed a 7.6% increase in ASM usage, with a notable shift from older to newer ASMs, such as levetiracetam (LEV) and lamotrigine (LTG). LEV and LTG prescriptions increased by 26.7% and 15.0% from FY 2018 to FY 2021, respectively, whereas older ASMs such as phenytoin, declined. Sex-specific analysis showed a higher LTG prescription rate among women, especially in adolescent and young adult cohorts, where the female-to-male prescription ratio increased from 1.65 to 1.85. Valproate (VPA) and LEV accounted for 57.0% of ASM prescriptions in older adults. The number of inpatient LTG prescriptions was notably lower than that of outpatient LTG prescriptions across age groups. Pediatric use of generics was lower than that in other age groups. CONCLUSION This study revealed that newer ASMs are being used increasingly, with a significant proportion of VPA continuously prescribed among women of childbearing age. In older adults, VPA and LEV accounted for more than half of the ASM prescriptions. These findings are crucial for developing future treatment strategies and improving the ASM selection criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shonan University of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Pharmacy Services, Shiomidai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Noriko Matsuoka
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kubota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shonan University of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sadamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shonan University of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
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Kanani K, Rajdev S, Mullan S. Optimizing HIV care: Insights from CD4 count, viral load, and demographic factors in a tertiary care centre of South Gujarat. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 51:100696. [PMID: 39094971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite advancements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, HIV/AIDS remains a critical health concern, particularly in India. This study contributes valuable insights into HIV management strategies. This prospective and retrospective longitudinal observational study aimed to analyze the trends in CD4 cell count and viral load suppression among adult People Living with HIV (PLHIV) undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and evaluate the influence of demographic factors and ART adherence on these parameters at the ART Centre of New Civil Hospital, Surat, India. MATERIALS & METHODS Adult PLHIV registered and initiated on ART between June 2017 and May 2018 at ART-NCH, Surat with Continuous follow-up until 2023 were included in the study. Data was collected and Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Other factors were evaluated for their influence on treatment outcomes. RESULTS A longitudinally analyzed data from 365 adult PLHIV receiving ART with continuous follow-up until 2023 revealed significant trends, with CD4 counts increasing from 425 (1st month) to 612.67 (24th month), indicating improving immune function. Individuals on first-line ART regimens had significantly higher odds (OR: 3.5, 95 % CI: 1.1-11.3) of achieving CD4 counts ≥350 compared to those on second-line regimens. Adherence to treatment (OR: 1.98, 95 % CI: 1.1-3.4) also increased the odds of attaining CD4 counts ≥350. Viral load suppression was achieved in 353 out of 365 participants. CONCLUSION This study highlights the need for tailored interventions to optimize immune recovery and viral load suppression among PLHIV. Recommendations include targeted intervention to improve long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kanani
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & New Civil Hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sangita Rajdev
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & New Civil Hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India.
| | - Summaiya Mullan
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & New Civil Hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India.
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Hu JP, Wang JL, Li Y, Feng Y, Tian CQ, Zhang GH, Chen XQ, Liu HX, Yang JS, Fang ZW, Li YX, Wu ZS, Zhu R, Li XP, Xiong Q, Gao LH, Ji T, Zhang JD, Song JM, Chen Q, Li SM, He F, Yang CJ, Li HW. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among 66000 women from 2014 to 2023 in the plateau region of Southwest China. Virol J 2024; 21:176. [PMID: 39107796 PMCID: PMC11305045 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) plays a key role in the onset of cervical cancer. This study was designed to examine the epidemiological trends and genotype distribution of HPV from 2014 to 2023 in the plateau region of Southwest China. METHODS The findings could offer valuable insights for clinical screening of cervical cancer and the formulation of HPV vaccination policies. This retrospective study analyzed 66,000 women who received HPV-DNA testing at the First People's Hospital of Qujing, Yunnan, China, between 2014 and 2023. The cohort consisted of 33,512 outpatients, 3,816 inpatients, and 28,672 individuals undergoing health examinations. Cervical cells were collected for DNA extraction, and PCR amplification along with Luminex xMAP technology were used to detect 27 HPV genotypes. The data analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism and IBM SPSS Statistics 27 software. RESULTS The overall HPV infection rate at the First People's Hospital of Qujing declined from 24.92% in 2014 to 16.29% in 2023, averaging 16.02%. Specific infection rates were 18.50% among outpatients, 12.97% among inpatients, and 13.53% for health examination attendees. The predominant high-risk HPV genotypes identified were HPV52 (2.61%), HPV16 (2.06%), HPV58 (1.81%), HPV53 (1.55%), and HPV39 (1.09%). Meanwhile, the most frequent low-risk HPV genotypes were HPV6 (1.30%), HPV61 (1.21%), and HPV11 (0.85%). In HPV-positive cases, the distribution of single, double, triple, and quadruple or more infections were 79.90%, 15.17%, 3.59%, and 1.33%, respectively. The proportions of pure LR-HPV, pure HR-HPV, and mixed infections were 22.16%, 67.82%, and 10.02%, respectively. Age-specific analysis revealed a bimodal distribution of HPV infection, with the infection rate rapidly decreasing from 44.02% in the ≤ 19 age group to 19.55% in the 20-29 age group and 13.84% in the 30-39 age group, followed by a gradual increase to 14.64% in the 40-49 age group, 16.65% in the 50-59 age group, and 22.98% in the ≥ 60 age group. The coverage rates of the three available vaccines are all below 50%. The results of this study indicated a declining trend in HPV prevalence in the plateau region of Southwest China over the period from 2014 to 2023, especially in the reduction of genotypes targeted by vaccines. CONCLUSION There were significant variations in the genotypes prevalent among different age groups, years, and patient sources within the same region. The underwhelming vaccination rates emphasize the critical need for developing either a multivalent vaccine or a personalized vaccine that targets the HPV genotypes common in the Chinese population. Furthermore, vaccinating adolescents to curb HPV infection and ensuring regular cervical cancer screenings for postmenopausal women are crucial steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Peng Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Gynaecology, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Can-Qiong Tian
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Guo-Hui Zhang
- Deparment of UItrasonic Diagnosis, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Xue-Qin Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Hong-Xia Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Jin-Si Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Zhe-Wei Fang
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Yao-Xing Li
- Deparment of UItrasonic Diagnosis, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Zong-Sheng Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Lian-Hao Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Ting Ji
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Jian-Dong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Jian-Mei Song
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Shu-Min Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Fei He
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Chun-Ju Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, 655011, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing, 655000, China.
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Xu X, Liang S, Li X, Hu W, Li X, Lei L, Lin H. Antibiotic resistance and virulence characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from Ningbo, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1459466. [PMID: 39161608 PMCID: PMC11330838 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1459466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a deadly opportunistic human pathogen with high mortality worldwide. Notably, climate warming is likely to expand its geographical range and increase the infection risk for individuals in coastal regions. However, due to the absence of comprehensive surveillance systems, the emergence and characteristics of clinical V. vulnificus isolates remain poorly understood in China. Methods In this study, we investigate antibiotic resistance, virulence including serum resistance, and hemolytic ability, as well as molecular characteristics of 21 V. vulnificus isolates collected from patients in Ningbo, China. Results and discussion The results indicate that all isolates have been identified as potential virulent vcg C type, with the majority (16 of 21) classified as 16S rRNA B type. Furthermore, these isolates exhibit a high level of antibiotic resistance, with 66.7% resistance to more than three antibiotics and 61.9% possessing a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index exceeding 0.2. In terms of virulence, most isolates were categorized as grade 1 in serum resistance, with one strain, S12, demonstrating intermediate sensitivity in serum resistance, belonging to grade 3. Whole genome analysis disclosed the profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) in these strains. The strains share substantial VF genes associated with adherence, iron uptake, antiphagocytosis, toxin, and motility. In particular, key VFs such as capsule (CPS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) are prevalent in all isolates. Specifically, S12 possesses a notably high number of VF genes (672), which potentially explains its higher virulence. Additionally, these strains shared six ARGs, namely, PBP3, adeF, varG, parE, and CRP, which likely determine their antibiotic resistance phenotype. Conclusion Overall, our study provides valuable baseline information for clinical tracking, prevention, control, and treatment of V. vulnificus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xu
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanyan Liang
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liusheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China
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Cui Y, Shi Q, Song P, Tong J, Cheng Z, Zhang H, Wang X, Zheng Y, Wu Y, Wan M, Li S, Zhao X, Tong Z, Yu Z, Gao S, Chen YG, Gao GF. Coxsackievirus A10 impairs nail regeneration and induces onychomadesis by mimicking DKK1 to attenuate Wnt signaling. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231512. [PMID: 38836810 PMCID: PMC11153773 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) infection, a prominent cause of childhood hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), frequently manifests with the intriguing phenomenon of onychomadesis, characterized by nail shedding. However, the underlying mechanism is elusive. Here, we found that CV-A10 infection in mice could suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling by restraining LDL receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) phosphorylation and β-catenin accumulation and lead to onychomadesis. Mechanistically, CV-A10 mimics Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) to interact with Kringle-containing transmembrane protein 1 (KRM1), the CV-A10 cellular receptor. We further found that Wnt agonist (GSK3β inhibitor) CHIR99021 can restore nail stem cell differentiation and protect against nail shedding. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of CV-A10 and related viruses in onychomadesis and guide prognosis assessment and clinical treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoni Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Tong
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhimin Cheng
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hangchuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wan
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
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Herstein JJ, Lukowski J, ElRayes W, Lowe JJ, Mehta AK, Mukherjee V, Stern KL, Carrasco SV, Vasa A, Vasistha S, Sauer LM. High-Level Isolation: A Landscape Analysis of Global Capabilities and Opportunities to Advance the Field. Health Secur 2024. [PMID: 39101827 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
High-level isolation units (HLIUs) have been established by countries to provide safe and optimal medical care for patients with high-consequence infectious diseases. We aimed to identify global high-level isolation capabilities and determine gaps and priorities of global HLIUs, using a multiple method approach that included a systematic review of published and gray literature and a review of Joint External Evaluations and Global Health Security Index reports from 112 countries. A follow-up electronic survey was distributed to identified HLIUs. The landscape analysis found 44 previously designated/self-described HLIUs in 19 countries. An additional 33 countries had potential HLIUs; however, there were not enough details on capabilities to determine if they fit the HLIU definition. An electronic survey was distributed to 36 HLIUs to validate landscape analysis findings and to understand challenges, best practices, and priorities for increased networking with a global HLIU cohort; 31 (86%) HLIUs responded. Responses revealed an additional 30 confirmed HLIUs that were not identified in the landscape analysis. To our knowledge, this was the first mapping and the largest ever survey of global HLIUs. Survey findings identified major gaps in visibility of HLIUs: while our landscape analysis initially identified 44 units, the survey unveiled an additional 30 HLIUs that had not been previously identified or confirmed. The lack of formalized regional or global coordinating organizations exacerbates these visibility gaps. The unique characteristics and capabilities of these facilities, coupled with the likelihood these units serve as core components of national health security plans, provides an opportunity for increased connection and networking to advance the field of high-level isolation and address identified gaps in coordination, build an evidence base for HLIU approaches, and inform HLIU definitions and key components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn J Herstein
- Jocelyn J. Herstein, PhD, MPH, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, and Director, National Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education Center (NETEC) International Partnerships and Programs
| | - Joseph Lukowski
- Joseph Lukowski, MPH, is a Data Coordinator II, Lymphoma Study Group-Tissue Bank/Consent, Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Wael ElRayes
- Wael ElRayes, MBBCh, PhD, MS, FACHE, is Faculty, Department of Health Services Research and Administration, and Co-Director, Center for Global Health and Development, College of Public Health
| | - John J Lowe
- John J. Lowe, PhD, is Director, Global Center for Health Security, Professor and Chair, Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, and Assistant Vice Chancellor for Health Security Training and Education, Office of the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs
| | - Aneesh K Mehta
- Aneesh K. Mehta, MD, FIDSA, FAST, is Professor of Medicine and of Surgery, Assistant Director of Transplant Infectious Diseases, and Chief of Infectious Diseases Services, Emory University Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vikramjit Mukherjee
- Vikramjit Mukherjee, MD, FRCP, is Director, Critical Care, and Director, Special Pathogens Program, NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue, and Associate Professor, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Katie L Stern
- Katie L. Stern, MPH, is a Program Evaluation Specialist, Global Center for Health Security
| | - Sharon Vanairsdale Carrasco
- Sharon Vanairsdale Carrasco, DNP, APRN, ACNS-BC, NP-C, CEN, FAEN, FAAN, FNAP, is an Associate Clinical Professor, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Director of Training and Education, NETEC, and Director, Regional Emerging Special Pathogen Treatment Center, Region IV, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Angela Vasa
- Angela Vasa, MSN, RN, is Director, Readiness Consultations and Metrics Development, NETEC, and Director, Biopreparedness and Special Pathogen Programs, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Sami Vasistha
- Sami Vasistha, MS, is Lead Program Manager, NETEC, and Program Manager, Global Center for Health Security; and
| | - Lauren M Sauer
- Lauren M. Sauer, MSc, is Associate Director of Research, Global Center for Health Security, Director, Special Pathogens Research Network, and Associate Professor, Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health; all at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Lin GL, Chang PH, Lee IK, Chen YC, Lee CH. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with candidemia during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from experience in the Omicron era. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2024:S1684-1182(24)00125-7. [PMID: 39129088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Taiwan, COVID-19 outbreaks caused by the Omicron variant occurred in 2022. We investigated the incidence of candidemia during COVID-19 pandemic and the mortality of candidemia patients with COVID-19 in Taiwan. METHODS The incidence of candidemia and fluconazole susceptibility of Candida species before (2015-2019) and during COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023) at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were investigated. The associated factors with mortality in candidemia patients during COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. Candidemia patients who had COVID-19 within the prior 90 days (case group, n = 34) were propensity-score matched for age, ICU admission, and abdominal surgery in a 1:4 ratio with candidemia patients without COVID-19 (control group, n = 136). RESULTS Age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), ICU stay (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.29-2.62), higher Charlson comorbidity index (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.13), corticosteroid use (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.04-2.17) were associated with increased risk of mortality; abdominal surgery (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.74) and infected by Candida parapsilosis (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98) were associated with decreased risk of mortality. After matching, there was no significant difference in mortality rates between the case and control groups. The incidence of candidemia increased from 196 to 278 patients/100,000 admissions during COVID-19 pandemic, while the causative species of candidemia and fluconazole susceptibility rates were similar. CONCLUSION While the incidence of candidemia increased during COVID-19 pandemic, there was no significant difference in mortality between candidemia patients with and without COVID-19 in the Omicron era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Lou Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Kit Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Tanno D, Saito K, Tomii Y, Nakatsuka Y, Uechi K, Ohashi K, Yamadera Y, Hata A, Toyokawa M, Shimura H. Validation of a modified enrichment broth for efficient screening of group B Streptococcus in pregnant women. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2024:S1684-1182(24)00126-9. [PMID: 39142909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
We validated a modified enrichment broth that changes its color when group B Streptococcus (GBS) grows. No GBS was detected in any of the non-yellow samples. Thus, the non-yellow samples were considered GBS-negative without conducting further examinations, potentially reducing medical costs and workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Tanno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Kyoichi Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tomii
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aiiku Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Nakatsuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-kofukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Uechi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamadera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hata
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-kofukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toyokawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Mutie C, Otieno B, Mwangi E, Kithuci K, Mutisya A, Gachohi J, Mbuthia G. Global burden of HIV among long-distance truck drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085058. [PMID: 39097316 PMCID: PMC11298726 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to systematically summarise the empirical evidence on the prevalence of HIV among long-distance truck drivers (LDTDs) from all parts of the world. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, ProQuest Central, PubMed Central, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Global Index Medicus to identify relevant information published from 1989 to 16 May 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Peer-reviewed publications of English language reporting on the prevalence of HIV among LDTDs were included. Non-empirical studies like literature reviews were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Using a standardised data abstraction form, we extracted information on study characteristics and HIV prevalence levels. Crude prevalence estimates per 100 participants were computed and later transformed using logit transformation to have them follow a normal distribution. A meta-analysis of prevalences using the random effects model was performed. The I2 statistic was used to quantify the degree of heterogeneity across studies. A subgroup analysis using meta-regression was performed to investigate factors that could explain variability across studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute tools and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the quality of the included studies. To assess the certainty of evidence, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used. RESULTS Of the 1787 articles identified, 42 were included. Most of the included studies were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (45.23%, n=19) and Asia and the Pacific (35.71%, n=15). The pooled prevalence of HIV was 3.86%, 95% CI (2.22% to 6.64%). The burden of HIV was highest in sub-Saharan Africa at 14.34%, 95% CI (9.94% to 20.26%), followed by Asia and the Pacific at 2.12%, 95 CI (0.94% to 4.7%) and lastly Western, Central Europe and North America at 0.17%, 95% CI (0.03% to 0.82%). The overall heterogeneity score was (I2=98.2%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The global burden of HIV among LDTDs is 3.86%, six times higher than that of the general population globally. Compared with other regions, the burden of HIV is highest in sub-Saharan Africa at 14.34%, where it is estimated to be 3% in the general population. Thus, LDTDs endure a disproportionately high burden of HIV compared with other populations. Consequently, more LDTD-centred HIV research and surveillance is needed at national and regional levels to institute tailored preventive policies and interventions. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023429390.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Mutie
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Elijah Mwangi
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kawira Kithuci
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Albanus Mutisya
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Gachohi
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace Mbuthia
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Arima Y, Takahashi T, Kasamatsu A, Arashiro T, Kobayashi Y, Otsuka M, Takahara O, Shimbashi R, Komase K, Kamigaki T, Suzuki M. Sentinel surveillance of COVID-19: the importance of epidemiologic concepts and reasoning. J Epidemiol 2024:JE20240200. [PMID: 39098036 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20240200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Arima
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Takuri Takahashi
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Ayu Kasamatsu
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Takeshi Arashiro
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
- Center for Field Epidemic Intelligence, Research and Professional Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Miyako Otsuka
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Osamu Takahara
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Reiko Shimbashi
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Katsuhiro Komase
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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Dhahi MAR. Analysis of the partial sequencing of clbA, clbB and clbQ in Escherichia coli isolates that produce colibactin and multilocus sequence typing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17966. [PMID: 39095472 PMCID: PMC11297330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Colibactin, is a cyclomodulin expressed from polyketide synthase (pk) genomic islands. These bacterial toxins interfere with the eukaryotic cell cycle and induce DNA damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of colibactin production among E. coli strains recovered from different infections, determine the similarity of clb nucleotide sequences, and identify genotype of isolates using multilocus sequence typing(MLST). This was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted from January 2022 to February 2023. A total of 117 clinical isolates were obtained from various sample types collected from outpatients and inpatients recruited to the Department of Bacteriology Labs in different hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq. clbA/clbR, clbB and clbP/clbQ were detected via conventional PCR, and partial sequencing of amplicons was performed via Sanger sequencing. For select isolates, MLST genotyping was performed. The most common phylogenetic group was B2 (61/106; 57.54%). Among the E. coli strains, 27/106 (25.47%) were clb + ve, and the most common type was clbB (13/27; 48.14%). Analysis of the partial sequencing of clb among the strains revealed high molecular similarity. Genotyping of 37 selected E. coli strains via MLST revealed 28 different genotypes. There was a high prevalence of colibactin production in phylogroup B2, and it seems that the clb + ve strains had conserved molecular structures. There was high genetic diversity among the strains tested.
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76
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Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AM, Piras F, Ferrante L, Mancini A, Palermo A, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G. Management of Patients Receiving Anticoagulation Therapy in Dental Practice: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1537. [PMID: 39120240 PMCID: PMC11311453 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticoagulant drugs are a valuable tool for minimizing thrombotic risks in at-risk patients. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review highlighting the management of these drugs during daily clinical dental practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We limited our search to English-language papers published between 1 January 1989, and 7 March 2024, in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science that were relevant to our topic. In the search approach, the Boolean keywords "anticoagulant AND dentistry" were used. RESULTS Twenty-five clinical trials were included for final review from 623 articles obtained from the databases Web of Science (83), PubMed (382), and Scopus (158), eliminating duplicates and 79 off-topic items, resulting in 419 articles after removing 315 entries and confirming eligibility. Overall, these studies support the use of local hemostatic measures to manage the risk of bleeding in patients on anticoagulant therapy undergoing dental procedures and highlight the importance of greater education and collaboration among healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS Research and clinical investigation have improved understanding and management of dental procedures in patients undergoing anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Hemostatic agents, clinical protocols, risk factors, and continuous education are essential for navigating the complexities of anticoagulant therapy, ensuring optimal outcomes and enhancing patient well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (A.M.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (A.M.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (A.M.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Laura Ferrante
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (A.M.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (A.M.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK;
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (A.M.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (A.M.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
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Boodman C, Gupta N, van Griensven J, Van Bortel W. Bartonella quintana detection among arthropods and their hosts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:328. [PMID: 39095833 PMCID: PMC11295871 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella quintana is a body louse-borne bacterium causing bacteremia and infective endocarditis. We aimed to describe B. quintana detection among arthropods and their hosts. METHODS We searched databases in PubMed Central/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1, 1915 (the year of B. quintana discovery) to January 1, 2024, to identify publications containing specific search terms relating to B. quintana detection among arthropods. Descriptive statistics and meta-analysis of pooled prevalence using random-effects models were performed for all arthropods and body and head lice. RESULTS Of 1265 records, 62 articles were included, describing 8839 body lice, 4962 head lice, and 1692 other arthropods, such as different species of fleas, bedbugs, mites, and ticks. Arthropods were collected from 37 countries, of which 28 had arthropods with B. quintana DNA. Among articles that reported B. quintana detection among individual arthropods, 1445 of 14,088 (0.1026, 95% CI [0.0976; 0.1077]) arthropods tested positive for B. quintana DNA, generating a random-effects model global prevalence of 0.0666 (95% CI [0.0426; 0.1026]). Fifty-six studies tested 8839 body lice, of which 1679 had B. quintana DNA (0.1899, 95% CI [0.1818; 0.1983]), generating a random-effects model pooled prevalence of 0.2312 (95% CI [0.1784; 0.2843]). Forty-two studies tested 4962 head lice, of which 390 head lice from 20 studies originating from 11 different countries had B. quintana DNA (0.0786, 95% CI [0.0713; 0.0864]). Eight studies detected B. quintana DNA exclusively on head lice. Five studies reported greater B. quintana detection on head lice than body lice; all originated from low-resource environments. CONCLUSIONS Bartonella quintana is a vector-borne bacterium with a global distribution, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations. Bartonella quintana DNA has been detected in many different arthropod species, though not all of these arthropods meet criteria to be considered vectors for B. quintana transmission. Body lice have long been known to transmit B. quintana. A limited number of studies suggest that head lice may also act as possible vectors for B. quintana in specific low-resource contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Boodman
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Smíšková D, Janovic S, Kadeřávková P, Nováková L, Blechová Z, Malý M, Limberková R. Measles in Czech population with varying vaccination rates in 2018-2019: clinical and laboratory differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals and their relevance to clinical practice. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:616-623. [PMID: 38613412 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2339870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In a highly vaccinated population, an increasing number of previously vaccinated measles cases can be expected. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vaccination on the clinical course and immune response in relation to the current measles case definition. METHODS The presence of fever, catarrhal symptoms, exanthema and complications, and specific IgM and IgG positivity were assessed in all 230 patients and compared in 193 patients with known vaccination status, divided into measles-containing vaccine (MCV) groups: MCV0 (85 patients), MCV1 (25 patients) and MCV2 (83 patients). RESULTS Statistically significant differences between groups were found for catarrhal symptoms. Conjunctivitis and rhinitis were significantly less frequent in the MCV2 group (47% and 54%) compared to MCV0 (80% and 80%), p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively. Typical exanthema was present in 74 (87%) MCV0 and 56 (67%) MCV2 patients, p = 0.005. Complications were most common in the MCV0 group (29%). ECDC clinical case criteria were met in 81 (95%) MCV0, 18 (72%) MCV1 and 59 (71%) MCV2 patients, p < 0.001. IgM were positive in 64 (83%) MCV0, 14 (74%) MCV1 and 36 (67%) MCV2 patients, differences were not statistically significant. There were highly significant differences in IgG between MCV0 and both vaccinated groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A redefinition of the clinical case classification is essential to better capture modified measles and to raise awareness among healthcare workers of the differences in measles in vaccinated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Smíšková
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Bulovka University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Janovic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Kadeřávková
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Nováková
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Blechová
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Bulovka University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radomíra Limberková
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
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79
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Assefa A, Getie M, Getie B, Yazie T, Enkobahry A. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Ethiopia: A review article. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105618. [PMID: 38857639 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae and is the smallest human DNA virus, with a genome that is only 3200 nucleotides long. The absence of proofreading function in HBV reverse transcriptase provides a wide range of genetic variants for targeted outgrowth at different stages of infection. A number of sub genotypes and ten HBV genotypes (A through J) have been identified through analyses of the divergence of HBV genomic sequences. Numerous clinical outcomes, including the emergence of chronicity, the course of the disease, the effectiveness of treatment, and the response to vaccination, have been related to differences in genotype between HBV isolates. There are just seven studies that have been done in Ethiopia that examine the molecular epidemiology of HBV. Moreover, these studies haven't been compiled and reviewed yet. In this review, we looked at the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of HBV, the relationship between HBV genotypes and clinical outcomes, the immunopathogenesis of HBV, and finally the molecular epidemiology of HBV in Ethiopia. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar search engines were used to find relevant articles for the review. By using HBV genotyping, clinicians can better tailor vaccination decisions and antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B who are more likely to experience the disease's progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenew Assefa
- Unit of Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Molla Getie
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Medical Laboratory Science Department, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Getie
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Takilosimeneh Yazie
- College of Health Science, Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Aklesya Enkobahry
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Biomedical Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
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Jaya-Bodestyne SL, Tan YY, Sultan R, Yeo KT, Kong JY. Clinical Course and Outcomes of Infants with Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus Gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:756-762. [PMID: 38621155 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGP), a subtype of Streptococcus bovis , is an uncommon but important cause of neonatal sepsis. Although uncommon, SGP infections during infancy have been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. METHODS This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of available literature on the clinical course and outcomes of infants with SGP infection. Studies were identified using the following MeSH keywords: " Streptococcus gallolyticus ," " Streptococcus bovis ," "newborn" and "infant." Data including perinatal factors, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 46 articles were identified (116 cases: 60 S. bovis , 56 SGP). The cases were predominantly term (52%), male (57%) and born via vaginal delivery (67%). The most common symptom was fever [67% (95% confidence interval (CI): 43%-84%)], lethargy [66% (95% CI: 32%-89%)], tachypnea [59% (95% CI: 27%-85%)] and irritability [59% (95% CI: 34%-79%)]. Infants with early-onset infections (<3 days of life) were more likely to have respiratory symptoms and bacteremia (73%), whereas late-onset infections presented predominantly with gastrointestinal symptoms. Four mortalities were reported which occurred before antibiotic administration. Isolated bacteria were mostly penicillin-susceptible [95% (95% CI: 78-99%)] and cases treated with penicillin derivative had good recovery. CONCLUSIONS SGP is an important cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Penicillin derivative is an effective treatment for SGP, and outcomes appear to be favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yee Yin Tan
- From the Department of Neonatology, KK Women's & Children's Hospital
| | | | - Kee Thai Yeo
- From the Department of Neonatology, KK Women's & Children's Hospital
- Duke-NUS Medical School
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juin Yee Kong
- From the Department of Neonatology, KK Women's & Children's Hospital
- Duke-NUS Medical School
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
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Yeoh K, Lass-Flörl C, Lamoth F, Slavin MA, Williams E, Neofytos D. Clinicopathologic conference: Bloodstream infection in an allogeneic hamatopoietic cell transplant: Thinking beyond the usual. Transpl Infect Dis 2024; 26:e14273. [PMID: 38695847 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
This case involves a 53-year-old female with concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma. She underwent cytarabine and daunorubicin (7+3) induction chemotherapy followed by cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation, with an early AML relapse requiring azacitidine and venetoclax therapy. She achieved complete remission and incomplete count recovery. Following fludarabine, melphalan, and thymoglobulin induction chemotherapy, she underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant with failure to engraft, requiring autologous stem cell rescue, buffy coat, and granulocyte transfusions, eventually presenting with a diffuse skin rash consistent with Steven-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, persistent neutropenic fevers and positive blood cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Yeoh
- Department of Microbiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frédéric Lamoth
- Department of Medicine, Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eloise Williams
- Department of Microbiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dionysios Neofytos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Yamagishi H, Tamura D, Yamazaki M, Abe T, Mitamura K, Tajima T, Osaka H. Clinical Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Panbio™ COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel: A Combination Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Omicron Variant and Influenza A Virus. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:317-321. [PMID: 39001845 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to differentiate between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza based on the symptoms. In the present study, a newly developed antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) called Panbio™ COVID-19/Flu A&B that can simultaneously detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A/B virus was evaluated. Its accuracy was evaluated using 235 pairs of nasopharyngeal samples collected from patients with respiratory symptoms and fever (>37.5°C). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used as a reference method to evaluate the accuracy of the SARS-CoV-2 detection. We confirmed the accuracy of the developed Ag-RDT against the Omicron variant where the sensitivity and specificity were 94.8% and 100%, respectively. In addition, to identify the influenza A virus, a noninferiority test was conducted using a commercial Ag-RDT, which has a sensitivity and specificity in comparison with viral culture of 94.8% and 98.4%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for influenza A virus were 98.5% and 98.1%, respectively, for the Panbio COVID-19/Flu A&B test. The evaluation of this newly developed Ag-RDT using clinical samples suggests that it has a high efficacy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Tamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Abe Children's Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Mitamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Akazawa N, Itoh N, Ishibana Y, Murakami H, Okumura S. Successful management of surgical site infection caused by Mycobacterium mageritense in a breast cancer patient. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:800-805. [PMID: 38272263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium mageritense (M. mageritense), a nontuberculous mycobacterium, is classified as a rapidly growing mycobacterium, class IV in the Runyon Classification. This bacterium is found in soil, water, and other habitats. Infections caused by M. mageritense are relatively rare and no treatment protocol has been established. Herein, we report a case of skin and soft tissue infection caused by M. mageritense. A 49-year-old woman underwent surgery for right breast cancer. Four months after surgery, a surgical site infection was found, and M. mageritense was identified in the wound culture using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Based on the sensitivity results, the patient was treated with levofloxacin and doxycycline for 4 months. In addition to antimicrobial agents, aggressive surgical interventions led to a favorable course of treatment. In conclusion, successful treatment of skin and soft tissue infections with M. mageritense requires surgical intervention whenever possible, aggressive susceptibility testing, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Akazawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan.
| | - Naoya Itoh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishibana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hiromi Murakami
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Seiko Okumura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
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Murashevych B, Maslak H, Girenko D, Abraimova O, Netronina O, Shvets V. The effect of hypochlorous acid inhalation on the activity of antioxidant system enzymes in rats of different ages. Free Radic Res 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39073910 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2386688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid HOCl is an effective disinfectant with a broad spectrum and high rate of microbicidal action. Its use for air treatment can be an effective tool for the prevention and therapy of infectious diseases. In this work, the in vivo study was conducted on 110 Wistar Han rats (12 and 72 weeks old) on the effect of a single inhalation of air containing gaseous HOCl on the activity of antioxidant system enzymes. For this, a special installation was designed to uniformly maintain the concentration of HOCl in the air and regulate it over a wide range. Inhalation exposure was carried out for 4 h at total chlorine concentrations in the air of approximately 2.0 mg/m3 and 5.0 mg/m3, after which the animals were observed for 14 days. The effect of inhalation on the antioxidant system activity varied significantly in animals of different ages. Catalase activity in young rats increased approximately 2-fold on days 1-2 after inhalation, regardless of the HOCl concentration, while in old animals a sharp dose-dependent decrease was initially observed. The glutathione peroxidase activity in animals of both ages increased upon inhalation of air with 5.0 mg/m3 HOCl, and in old animals this was more pronounced; when the HOCl concentration decreased to 2.0 mg/m3, this indicator increased slightly in old rats and remained virtually unchanged in young ones. The glutathione reductase activity when exposed to 2.0 mg/m3 HOCl did not change for both age groups, and with increasing HOCl concentration it increased by 1.5-2.0 times in all animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Murashevych
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Hanna Maslak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry Girenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Olha Abraimova
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Olha Netronina
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shvets
- Department of Biochemistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
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85
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Díez-Domingo J, Simkó R, Icardi G, Chong CP, Zocchetti C, Syrkina O, Bchir S, Bertrand-Gerentes I. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine Versus Nimenrix in Healthy Adolescents: A Randomized Phase IIIb Multicenter Study. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13:1835-1859. [PMID: 38955966 PMCID: PMC11266330 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many immunization programs in Europe recommend quadrivalent meningococcal vaccinations, which are often administered concomitantly with other vaccines. We compared the immune response of a tetanus toxoid conjugated quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACYW-TT, MenQuadfi®) with another quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4-TT; Nimenrix®) when administered alone or concomitantly with Tdap-IPV and 9vHPV vaccines in adolescents. METHODS In this phase IIIb trial, healthy adolescents (MenC-naïve or MenC-primed before 2 years of age) from Spain, Italy, Hungary, and Singapore were randomized in a 3:3:2 ratio to receive either MenACYW-TT or MCV4-TT alone, or MenACYW-TT concomitantly with 9vHPV and Tdap-IPV. The primary objective was to demonstrate the non-inferiority of the seroprotection rate (human serum bactericidal assay [hSBA] titer ≥ 1:8) to serogroups A, C, W, and Y 30 days post-vaccination with a single dose of MenACYW-TT or MCV4-TT. Secondary objectives included describing hSBA titers for the four serogroups before and 1 month following vaccination and according to MenC priming status. RESULTS A total of 463 participants were enrolled (MenACYW-TT, n = 173; MCV4-TT, n = 173; MenACYW-TT/9vHPV/Tdap-IPV n = 117). Non-inferiority based on seroprotection was demonstrated for MenACYW-TT versus MCV4-TT for all serogroups. Immune responses were comparable whether MenACYW-TT was administered alone or concomitantly with Tdap-IPV and 9vHPV. Post-vaccination hSBA GMTs were higher in MenACYW-TT vs. MCV4-TT for serogroups C, Y, and W and comparable for serogroup A. The percentages of participants with an hSBA vaccine seroresponse were higher in MenACYW-TT vs. MCV4-TT for all serogroups. For serogroup C, higher GMTs were observed in both MenC-naïve or -primed participants vaccinated with MenACYW-TT vs. MCV4-TT. Seroprotection and seroresponse were higher in MenC-naïve participants vaccinated with MenACYW-TT vs. MCV4-TT and comparable in MenC-primed. The safety profiles were comparable between groups and no new safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concomitant administration of MenACYW-TT with 9vHPV and Tdap-IPV vaccines in adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04490018; EudraCT: 2020-001665-37; WHO: U1111-1249-2973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Díez-Domingo
- Vaccine Research Department, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa-Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chan Poh Chong
- Department of Paediatrics, KTP-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Céline Zocchetti
- Isabelle Betrand-Gerentes, Global Medical, Sanofi Vaccines, 14 Espa. Henry Vallée, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Olga Syrkina
- Patient Safety and Pharmacovigilance, Sanofi R&D, Cambridge, USA
| | - Siham Bchir
- Global Biostatistical Sciences, Sanofi Vaccines, Marcy L'Étoile, France
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86
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Athukorala N, Wickramasinghe S, Yatawara L, Weerakoon K. A Systematic Review of Zoonotic Disease Prevalence in Sri Lanka (2000-2022). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:453-472. [PMID: 38775108 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The burden of zoonotic diseases in developing countries is significantly underestimated, influenced by various factors such as misdiagnosis, underreporting, natural disasters, climate change, resource limitations, rapid unplanned urbanization, poverty, animal migration, travel, ecotourism, and the tropical environmental conditions prevalent in the region. Despite Sri Lanka's provision of a publicly funded free health care system, zoonoses still contribute significantly to the burden of communicable diseases in the country. This study serves as a timely and exhaustive systematic review of zoonoses reported over the past 22 years in Sri Lanka. Materials and Methods: This systematic review adhered to the guidelines provided by the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) statement. A systematic literature search was conducted between July and September 2022, utilizing the following databases and sources: Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Weekly Epidemiological Reports, and Rabies Statistical Bulletins published by the Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. Results: From the initial database search, 1,710 articles were identified. After excluding nonzoonotic diseases, duplicated reports, inaccessible articles, and those not meeting the inclusion criteria, 570 reports were evaluated for eligibility. Of these, 91 reports were selected for data extraction, comprising 58 original research articles, 10 case reports, 16 weekly epidemiological reports, and 7 rabies statistical bulletins. Over the study period (2000-2022), 14 parasitic, 7 bacterial, and 7 viral zoonoses have been reported in Sri Lanka. Notably, leptospirosis emerged as the most reported zoonotic disease in the country. Conclusions: In response to these findings, we strongly recommend the implementation of a tailored, country-specific prevention and control program. To achieve this goal effectively, we emphasize the importance of adopting a country-specific "One Health" approach as a comprehensive framework for managing and controlling zoonotic diseases in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeesha Athukorala
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Susiji Wickramasinghe
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Lalani Yatawara
- Deparment of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kosala Weerakoon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
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Ma J, Liu J, Fu C, Huo Y. GII.6 norovirus major capsid protein VP1 derived from distinct clusters induce cross-blocking effects. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105617. [PMID: 38857640 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Unlike pandemic GII.4 norovirus, GII.6 norovirus shows limited sequence variation in its major capsid protein VP1. In this study, we investigated the VP1 expression profiles, binding abilities, and cross-blocking effects of three GII.6 norovirus strains derived from three distinct variants. Norovirus VP1 was expressed using a recombinant baculovirus expression system and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, salivary histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-virus like particles (VLPs) binding and binding blockade assays. Mass spectrometry revealed the expected molecular weight (MW) of full-length proteins and degraded or cleaved fragments of all three VP1 proteins. Peptide mapping showed loss of 2 and 3 amino acids from the N- and C-terminus, respectively. Further, the co-expression of VP1 and VP2 proteins did not lead to extra fragmentation during mass spectrometry. Salivary HBGA-VLP binding assay revealed similar binding patterns of the three GII.6 VP1 proteins. Salivary HBGA-VLP binding blockade assay induced cross-blocking effects. Our results demonstrate similar binding abilities against salivary HBGAs and specific cross-blocking effects for GII.6 norovirus strains derived from distinct variants, suggesting that fewer GII.6 strains from different evolutionary variants are needed for the development of norovirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou), Center for Translational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou), Center for Translational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Fu
- Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou), Center for Translational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huo
- Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou), Center for Translational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
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88
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Chih-Cheng Lai, Hsueh CC, Hsu CK, Tsai YW, Hsueh PR. Disease burden and macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in adults in the Asia-Pacific region. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107205. [PMID: 38754527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the Asia-Pacific region, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) could be a notable pathogen responsible for adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with varying prevalence rates. This comprehensive review aimed to explore the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, macrolide resistance, and molecular characteristics of MP in adults across several countries in Asia. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles from 2010-2023 based on the following keywords: adult and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. RESULTS The prevalence of MP in CAP patients in these countries ranged from 2.1% in Korea to 25.5% in Japan. Macrolide resistance was prominent, particularly in China, with rates ranging 26.9-100%. Clinical manifestations of MP infection included protean extrapulmonary manifestations, and complications such as rhabdomyolysis and thrombocytopenia. Molecular characteristics, especially the multiple locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis type 4/5/7/2, remained predominant across various countries, emphasising the importance of ongoing surveillance. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the urgent need for continued monitoring of MP infections, macrolide resistance, and molecular characteristics to inform effective prevention and treatment strategies in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chung Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Tsai
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Brandlmaier M, Hoellwerth M, Papadopoulos D, Koelblinger P. Blasenbildendes Erythem an der rechten Schulter. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:1175-1178. [PMID: 39105223 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15474_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brandlmaier
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Paracelsus Medizinische Universität, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Magdalena Hoellwerth
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Paracelsus Medizinische Universität, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Demetrios Papadopoulos
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Paracelsus Medizinische Universität, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Paracelsus Medizinische Universität, Salzburg, Österreich
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90
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Kitano T, Kitagawa D, Murata M, Onishi M, Mori T, Hachisuka S, Okubo T, Yamamoto N, Nishikawa H, Onaka M, Suzuki R, Sekine M, Suzuki S, Nakamura F, Yoshida S. Duration of PCR positivity by type of respiratory virus among children using a multiplex PCR test. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29890. [PMID: 39188069 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, irrespective of the transmission risk, can lead to prolonged restrictions on daily activities and infection precaution interventions. Studies evaluating the duration of PCR positivity for multiple pathogens in a single patient cohort are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the durations of PCR positivity for multiple respiratory viruses among children and adolescents. This retrospective study was conducted between April 2018 and March 2024 using a multiplex PCR respiratory panel for symptomatic children and adolescents who had at least two tests within 90 days of study period, with the first PCR test positive. The rate and likelihood of persistent PCR positivity were evaluated for multiple respiratory viruses. For 1325 positive results, repeat tests were conducted within 90 days. The persistent PCR positivity rate at repeat testing decreased over time (60.6%, Days 1-15 and 21.7%, Days 76-90, after the first test). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, an increased likelihood of persistent PCR positivity was observed for rhinovirus/enterovirus and adenovirus, whereas decreased likelihood of persistent positivity was seen in influenza and seasonal coronaviruses, compared with parainfluenza viruses. Persistent PCR positivity is common for multiple respiratory viruses in symptomatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taito Kitano
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitagawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Mai Onishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Soshi Hachisuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Tenshin Okubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Onaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Rika Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Madoka Sekine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Soma Suzuki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
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91
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Brandlmaier M, Hoellwerth M, Papadopoulos D, Koelblinger P. Blistering erythema on the right shoulder. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:1175-1177. [PMID: 38924615 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brandlmaier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Magdalena Hoellwerth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Demetrios Papadopoulos
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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92
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Liu S, Chen H, Wen Z, Ouyang Y, Mei B, Li C. Association of fucosyltransferase 2 gene polymorphism with the susceptibility to norovirus infection in Han Chinese population. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29848. [PMID: 39105389 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) gene, which regulates the formation of Histoblood group antigens, could determine the human susceptibility to norovirus. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between FUT2 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to norovirus gastroenteritis in Han Chinese population. A total of 212 children patients with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled. The stool and serum samples were collected respectively. We used the qPCR method to detect the norovirus infection status from the stool samples, and we used serum samples to detect the FUT2 polymorphism. A case-control study was conducted to investigate the three common SNPs polymorphisms (rs281377, rs1047781, and rs601338) of FUT2 gene with sanger sequencing method. The results indicated that the homozygous genotypes and mutant allele of rs1047781 (A385T) would downgrade the risk of norovirus gastroenteritis in Chinese Han population (AA vs. TT, odds ratio [OR] = 0.098, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.026-0.370, p = 0.001; AA + AT vs. TT, OR = 0.118. 95% CI = 0.033-0.424, p = 0.001; A vs. T, OR = 0.528, 95% CI = 0.351-0.974, p = 0.002). There were no significant difference of rs281377 (C357T) and rs601338 (G428A) polymorphisms between norovirus positive and norovirus negative groups (p > 0.05). The haplotype T-T-G was less susceptible (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.31-0.79, p = 0.0034) to norovirus infection compared to other haplotypes. Our results investigated the relationship between the FUT2 gene polymorphisms and norovirus susceptibility in Han Chinese population, and firstly revealed that children with homozygous genotypes and mutant alleles of FUT2 rs1047781 (A385T) were less susceptible to norovirus gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoling Ouyang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Mei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Metanat M, Nasab SDM, Jalali T, Amiri FB, Jahromi NST, Tavakoli M, Pouriayevali MH, Gouya MM, Salehi-Vaziri M. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Kinetics in Serum, Saliva, and Urine, Iran, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1706-1709. [PMID: 39043454 PMCID: PMC11286054 DOI: 10.3201/eid3008.240036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about using noninvasive samples for diagnosing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). We investigated detection of CCHF virus in serum, saliva, and urine samples. Our results indicate that serum is the best sample type for CCHF diagnosis; saliva can be used for noninvasive sampling.
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94
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van Ettekoven CN, Liechti FD, Brouwer MC, Bijlsma MW, van de Beek D. Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2424802. [PMID: 39093565 PMCID: PMC11297475 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The impact of vaccination, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory treatment on pathogen distribution and outcome of bacterial meningitis over the past century is uncertain. Objective To describe worldwide pathogen distribution and case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Data Sources Google Scholar and MEDLINE were searched in January 2022 using the search terms bacterial meningitis and mortality. Study Selection Included studies reported at least 10 patients with bacterial meningitis and survival status. Studies that selected participants by a specific risk factor, had a mean observation period before 1940, or had more than 10% of patients with health care-associated meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, or missing outcome were excluded. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted by 1 author and verified by a second author. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Random-effects models stratified by age (ie, neonates, children, adults), Human Development Index (ie, low-income or high-income countries), and decade and meta-regression using the study period's year as an estimator variable were used. Main Outcome and Measure Case fatality ratios of bacterial meningitis. Results This review included 371 studies performed in 108 countries from January 1, 1935, to December 31, 2019, describing 157 656 episodes. Of the 33 295 episodes for which the patients' sex was reported, 13 452 (40%) occurred in females. Causative pathogens were reported in 104 598 episodes with Neisseria meningitidis in 26 344 (25%) episodes, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 26 035 (25%) episodes, Haemophilus influenzae in 22 722 (22%), other bacteria in 19 161 (18%) episodes, and unidentified pathogen in 10 336 (10%) episodes. The overall case fatality ratio was 18% (95% CI, 16%-19%), decreasing from 32% (95% CI, 24%-40%) before 1961 to 15% (95% CI, 12%-19%) after 2010. It was highest in meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes at 27% (95% CI, 24%-31%) and pneumococci at 24% (95% CI, 22%-26%), compared with meningitis caused by meningococci at 9% (95% CI, 8%-10%) or H influenzae at 11% (95% CI, 10%-13%). Meta-regression showed decreasing case fatality ratios overall and stratified by S pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, or Streptococcus agalactiae (P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis with meta-regression, declining case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis throughout the last century were observed, but a high burden of disease remained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis N. van Ettekoven
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, HagaZiekenhuis, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian D. Liechti
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthijs C. Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn W. Bijlsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hu X, Wu W, Zhi S, Xu W, Zhang Y, Li L, Tao Y, Duan G, Liao C, Wang L, Li L, Li Z, Li W. The first diagnosis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome caused by tick-borne Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus in Chongqing, China: A case report and literature review. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116350. [PMID: 38761614 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) which has the potential to become a pandemic and is currently a major public health concern. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 74-year-old female from an urban area of Chongqing, with leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, organ function, inflammatory, blood coagulation, and immune abnormalities. SFTSV infection was confirmed through molecular detection and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis, indicating a diagnosis of SFTS due to the patient's history of tick bites. The patient received symptomatic and supportive therapy, including antibiotics, antiviral treatment, and antifungal therapy, and finally discharged from the hospital on day 18. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for increased awareness, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment for tick-borne SFTS. It also provides a comprehensive understanding of the disease's characteristics, pathogenesis, detection methods, and available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefei Hu
- Medicine School of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Wenyan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Shenshen Zhi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Yang Tao
- Intensive Care Unit, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Duan
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Microbiological Testing Institute, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Microbiological Testing Institute, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Microbiological Testing Institute, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lingyi Li
- Department of Medical, Hangzhou Matridx Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No.2073 Jinchang road, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Microbiological Testing Institute, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 404100, China.
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96
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Limboo N, Saha D. Assessment of sublethal effects of permethrin on adult life characteristics and resistance dynamics in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106020. [PMID: 39084808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are regularly exposed to adverse effects of insecticides employed in field during vector control campaigns. Its primary goal is to eliminate the vector population; nevertheless, this practise typically ignores the residual impacts and long-term repercussions on the remaining population. Here, the current study analysed how sublethal exposure of insecticides alter the life qualities, genotypic and biochemical characteristics of mosquitoes. The resistance ratio value in Laboratory Resistant (Lab-R) larvae increased 10 times (0.010 mg/l to 0.108 mg/l) compared to Laboratory Susceptible (LabS) larvae. It also revealed that the surviving mosquitoes had 50% reduction in hatchability but had longer larval and pupal periods (15 days and 2 days), respectively. The survival rates decrease in female by 2 days but increase in male by 7 days which is of concern and necessitates additional study. Moreover, major role of monooxygenase was confirmed behind resistance development which was further supported by piperonyl butoxide assay where reduction in Tolerance Ratio (TR50) by 12-fold occurred and gene expression profile also showed high expression level of CYP6P12 gene. In resistant strain, cuticular thickness increased by 1.23 times and alteration at codon 1532 (ATC to TTC) on VGSC gene leads to mutation I1532F. The data gleaned from our work highlights the threat of sublethal insecticides on vector control techniques and offers ample evidence that the larval selection alters adult life qualities, metabolic properties and transgenerational features which contributes to the damage caused by resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilu Limboo
- Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, District-Darjeeling, 734013 West Bengal, India
| | - Dhiraj Saha
- Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, District-Darjeeling, 734013 West Bengal, India.
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97
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Ramos RA, Hakimi H, Salomon J, Busselman RE, Curtis-Robles R, Hodo CL, Hamer SA, Verocai GG. Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria striata (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) detected in wild carnivores from Texas, United States. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 24:100954. [PMID: 39022402 PMCID: PMC11253277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria striata (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) are epidemiologically important filarial nematodes detected in wild carnivores sympatric to domestic animals and humans. In this study we surveyed for Dirofilaria species among previous studies archived blood samples (n = 202) of wild carnivores sourced across Texas between the years of 2014-2016 and 2020 to 2023. In total, 117 coyotes (Canis latrans), 67 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 12 gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), five bobcats (Lynx rufus), and one striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) were tested through the amplification of the partial cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (COI) gene followed by sequencing. Dirofilaria immitis was detected in 11.39% (95% CI = 7.71-16.51) of the samples (21 coyotes and two raccoons), while D. striata was detected in a single bobcat. Dirofilaria immitis sequences had 99.85%-100% (99.92% ± 0.08) similarity with other D. immitis sequences in GenBank. The sequence of D. striata from the bobcat was 100% similar to the single COI sequence available in GenBank. Data from this study reinforce the role of coyotes as a wild reservoir for D. immitis and suggest that raccoons may also play a role in the epidemiology of this parasite. This study additionally provides molecular data on D. striata, an understudied filarioid of felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A.N. Ramos
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, 55282-278, Brazil
| | - Hassan Hakimi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jordan Salomon
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rachel E. Busselman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rachel Curtis-Robles
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Carolyn L. Hodo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, 78601, USA
| | - Sarah A. Hamer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guilherme G. Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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98
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Kajihara T, Yahara K, Kamigaki T, Hirabayashi A, Hosaka Y, Kitamura N, Shimbashi R, Suzuki M, Sugai M, Shibayama K. Effects of coronavirus disease 2019 on the spread of respiratory-transmitted human-to-human bacteria. J Infect 2024; 89:106201. [PMID: 38897241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated significant changes in medical systems, social behaviours, and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in the epidemiology of respiratory-transmitted bacteria that have been unexplored. METHODS We utilised a comprehensive national surveillance database from 2018 to 2021 to compare monthly number of patients with four respiratory-transmitted human-to-human bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, stratified by specimen sources and age groups. RESULTS The incidence of detected patients with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and S. pyogenes from both respiratory and blood cultures significantly decreased from 2019 to 2020. In 2021, the incidence of detected patients with the respiratory-transmitted bacterial species, except for S. pyogenes, from respiratory cultures, increased again from April to July, primarily affecting the 0-4-year age group. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive national surveillance data analysis demonstrates the dynamic changes and effects of NPIs on respiratory-transmitted bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic, with variations observed among species, specimen sources, and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Kajihara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Yahara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Hirabayashi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hosaka
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Kitamura
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Shimbashi
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology/Drug Resistance and Pathogenesis, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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99
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Wilson R, Kovacs D, Crosby M, Ho A. Global Epidemiology and Seasonality of Human Seasonal Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae418. [PMID: 39113828 PMCID: PMC11304597 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We characterized the global epidemiology and seasonality of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU1. Methods In this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and backward citations for studies published until 1 September 2023. We included studies with ≥12 months of consecutive data and tested for ≥1 HCoV species. Case reports, review articles, animal studies, studies focusing on SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and/or Middle East respiratory syndrome, and those including <100 cases were excluded. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. We reported the prevalence of all HCoVs and individual species. Seasonality was reported for studies that included ≥100 HCoVs annually. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022330902. Results A total of 201 studies (1 819 320 samples) from 68 countries were included. A high proportion were from China (19.4%; n = 39), whereas the Southern Hemisphere was underrepresented. Most were case series (77.1%, n = 155) with samples from secondary care (74.1%, n = 149). Seventeen (8.5%) studies included asymptomatic controls, whereas 76 (37.8%) reported results for all 4 HCoV species. Overall, OC43 was the most prevalent HCoV. Median test positivity of OC43 and NL63 was higher in children, and 229E and HKU1 in adults. Among 18 studies that described seasonality (17 from the Northern Hemisphere), circulation of all HCoVs mostly peaked during cold months. Conclusions In our comprehensive review, few studies reported the prevalence of individual HCoVs or seasonality. Further research on the burden and circulation of HCoVs is needed, particularly from Africa, South Asia, and Central/South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Wilson
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dory Kovacs
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mairi Crosby
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Antonia Ho
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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100
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Fekrvand S, Abolhassani H, Rezaei N. An overview of early genetic predictors of IgA deficiency. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:715-727. [PMID: 39087770 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2385521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) refer to a heterogeneous category of diseases with defects in the number and/or function of components of the immune system. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is the most prevalent IEI characterized by low serum level of IgA and normal serum levels of IgG and/or IgM. Most of the individuals with IgA deficiency are asymptomatic and are only identified through routine laboratory tests. Others may experience a wide range of clinical features including mucosal infections, allergies, and malignancies as the most important features. IgA deficiency is a multi-complex disease, and the exact pathogenesis of it is still unknown. AREAS COVERED This review compiles recent research on genetic and epigenetic factors that may contribute to the development of IgA deficiency. These factors include defects in B-cell development, IgA class switch recombination, synthesis, secretion, and the long-term survival of IgA switched memory B cells and plasma cells. EXPERT OPINION A better and more comprehensive understanding of the cellular pathways involved in IgA deficiency could lead to personalized surveillance and potentially curative strategies for affected patients, especially those with severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Fekrvand
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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