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Bossio S, Perri A, Gallo R, De Bartolo A, Rago V, La Russa D, Di Dio M, La Vignera S, Calogero AE, Vitale G, Aversa A. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Reduces Cell Growth, Inhibits Autophagy, and Counteracts Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion: Evidence from In Vitro Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17111. [PMID: 38069431 PMCID: PMC10707055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant dithiol compound, exerting antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects in various cancer cell lines. In our study, we demonstrated that ALA reduces the cell growth of prostate cancer cells LNCaP and DU-145. Western blot results revealed that in both cancer cells, ALA, by upregulating pmTOR expression, reduced the protein content of two autophagy initiation markers, Beclin-1 and MAPLC3. Concomitantly, MTT assays showed that chloroquine (CQ) exposure, a well-known autophagy inhibitor, reduced cells' viability. This was more evident for treatment using the combination ALA + CQ, suggesting that ALA can reduce cells' viability by inhibiting autophagy. In addition, in DU-145 cells we observed that ALA affected the oxidative/redox balance system by deregulating the KEAP1/Nrf2/p62 signaling pathway. ALA decreased ROS production, SOD1 and GSTP1 protein expression, and significantly reduced the cytosolic and nuclear content of the transcription factor Nrf2, concomitantly downregulating p62, suggesting that ALA disrupted p62-Nrf2 feedback loop. Conversely, in LNCaP cells, ALA exposure upregulated both SOD1 and p62 protein expression, but did not affect the KEAP1/Nrf2/p62 signaling pathway. In addition, wound-healing, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays evidenced that ALA significantly reduced the motility of LNCaP and DU-145 cells and downregulated the protein expression of TGFβ1 and vimentin and the deposition of fibronectin. Finally, a soft agar assay revealed that ALA decreased the colony formation of both the prostate cancer cells by affecting the anchorage independent growth. Collectively, our in vitro evidence demonstrated that in prostate cancer cells, ALA reduces cell growth and counteracts both migration and invasion. Further studies are needed in order to achieve a better understanding of the underlined molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bossio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Raffaella Gallo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Daniele La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Michele Di Dio
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.L.V.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.L.V.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (A.P.)
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Guo Q, Wang Q, Li J, Liu S, Wang X, Yu D, Zou Z, Gao G, Zhang Q, Hao F, Feng J, Yang R, Wang M, Fu H, Bao X, Duan L. Proteomic and metabolomic characterizations of moyamoya disease patient sera. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3328. [PMID: 37962021 PMCID: PMC10726768 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD) is unclear. Inflammation and immune imbalance have been identified as potential factors contributing to the occurrence and progression of MMD. However, the specific proteins and metabolites responsible for triggering this process are yet to be established. The purpose of this study is to identify differentially expressed proteins and metabolites in patients with MMD and perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway integration analysis to pinpoint crucial proteins and metabolites involved in the disease. METHODS We performed untargeted metabolomic and data-independent acquisition proteomic analyses on the serum samples of individuals with MMD and healthy controls (HC). RESULTS In patients with MMD versus HC, 24 proteins and 60 metabolites, including 21 anionic metabolites and 39 cationic metabolites, which were significantly different, were identified. In patients with MMD, several proteins involved in inflammation and immune metabolism, such as tubulin beta-6 and complement C4, were found to have significantly altered levels. Similarly, many metabolites involved in inflammation and immune metabolisms, such as dimethyl 4-hydroxyisophthalate, beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide, 2-(3-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine, and PC (17:1/18:2), were significantly altered. Intriguingly, these proteins and metabolites are involved in the progression of atherosclerosis through immune and inflammatory pathways, although some have never been reported in MMD. Moreover, integrated proteomics and metabolomics studies were conducted to determine shared pathways involving cholesterol metabolism, vitamin digestion, fat digestion, and absorption pathways of proteins and metabolites, which warrant further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Significant increases in pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive abilities have been observed in patients with MMD, accompanied by significant reductions in anti-inflammatory and immune regulation. Various metabolites and proteins implicated in these processes have been identified for the first time. These findings hold immense significance for comprehending the pathogenesis of MMD and for the development of future drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbao Guo
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qian‐Nan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Eighth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jingjie Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Simeng Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zheng‐Xing Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gan Gao
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Fang‐Bin Hao
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ri‐Miao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Minjie Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Heguan Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiangyang Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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53
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Eryavuz Onmaz D, Tezcan D, Yilmaz S, Onmaz M, Unlu A. Altered kynurenine pathway metabolism and association with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1937-1947. [PMID: 37925676 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease accompanied by increased release of proinflammatory cytokines that are known to activate the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) enzyme, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway (KP). This study aimed to measure KP metabolite levels in patients with SLE and investigate the relationship between disease activity, clinical findings, and KP. The study included 100 patients with SLE and 100 healthy controls. Serum tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK), quinolinic acid (QA) concentrations were measured with tandem mass spectrometry. Serum KYN, KYNA, 3HAA, 3HK, and QA levels of the patients with SLE were significantly higher than the control group. Serum QA levels were elevated in patients with neurological involvement (four patients with peripheral neuropathy and two patients with mononeuropathy), serum KYN levels and KYN/TRP ratio increased in patients with joint involvement, and serum KYN, 3HK, and 3HAA levels and the KYN/TRP ratio were increased in patients with renal involvement. Moreover, KYN and KYN/TRP ratios were positively correlated with the disease activity score. These findings indicated that imbalances in KP metabolites may be associated with the pathogenesis, activation, and clinical manifestations of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat Campus, Selcuklu, 42075, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Tezcan
- Division of Rheumatology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Yilmaz
- Division of Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Onmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Unlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat Campus, Selcuklu, 42075, Konya, Turkey
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Yan Z, Yin B, Wang Y, Ni Z, Feng J, Yang Q, Li X, Zhu H, Dou Y. Therapeutic mechanism of Liangxue-Guyuan-Yishen decoction on intestinal stem cells and tight junction proteins in gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:880-892. [PMID: 37697698 PMCID: PMC10665307 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the previous research, the Traditional Chinese Medicine theory was used to improve the drug composition for gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS). The purpose of this study was to study the therapeutic mechanism of Liangxue-Guyuan-Yishen decoction (LGYD) on GI-ARS and to provide a new scheme for the treatment of radiation injury. Here, we investigated the effects of LGYD on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in a GI-ARS rat model. Rat health and survival and the protective efficacy of LGYD on the intestines were analyzed. The active principles in LGYD were detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). ISC proliferation, intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) protein expression and regulatory pathways were explored using immunohistochemistry, western blotting (WB) and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. Involvement of the WNT and MEK/ERK pathways in intestinal recovery was screened using network pharmacology analysis and validated by WB and RT-qPCR. LGYD administration significantly improved health and survival in GI-ARS rats. Pathological analysis showed that LGYD ameliorated radiation-induced intestinal injury and significantly promoted LGR5+ stem cell regeneration in the intestinal crypts, upregulated TJ protein, and accelerated crypt reconstruction in the irradiated rats. LC-MS revealed ≥13 constituents that might contribute to LGYD's protective effects. Collectively, LGYD can promote crypt cell proliferation and ISCs after radiation damage, the above effect may be related to WNT and MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiao Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
| | - Bofeng Yin
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fucheng Road 6th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Zhexin Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 96604 Hospital, Jingningnan Road 72th, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Qianyu Yang
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Xinshinan Road 326th, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050090, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10039, China
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 69th, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Yongqi Dou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28th, Haidian District, Beijing, 10038, China
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Singh I, Rainusso N, Kurenbekova L, Nirala BK, Dou J, Muruganandham A, Yustein JT. Intrinsic epigenetic state of primary osteosarcoma drives metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566446. [PMID: 38014160 PMCID: PMC10680799 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor affecting the pediatric population with high potential to metastasize to distal sites, most commonly the lung. Insights into defining molecular features contributing to metastatic potential are lacking. We have mapped the active chromatin landscapes of OS tumors by integrating histone H3 lysine acetylated chromatin (H3K27ac) profiles (n=13), chromatin accessibility profiles (n=11) and gene expression (n=13) to understand the differences in their active chromatin profiles and its impact on molecular mechanisms driving the malignant phenotypes. Primary OS tumors from patients with metastasis (primary met) have a distinct active chromatin landscape compared to primary tumors from patients without metastatic disease (localized). The difference in chromatin activity shapes the transcriptional profile of OS. We identified novel candidate genes involved in OS pathogenesis and metastasis, including PPP1R1B, PREX1 and IGF2BP1, which exhibit increased chromatin activity in primary met along with higher transcript levels. Overall, differential chromatin activity in primary met occurs in proximity of genes regulating actin cytoskeleton organization, cellular adhesion, and extracellular matrix suggestive of their role in facilitating OS metastasis. Furthermore, chromatin profiling of tumors from metastatic lung lesions noted increases in chromatin activity in genes involved in cell migration and key intracellular signaling cascades, including the Wnt pathway. Thus, this data demonstrates that metastatic potential is intrinsically present in primary metastatic tumors and the cellular chromatin profiles further adapt to allow for successful dissemination, migration, and colonization at the distal metastatic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irtisha Singh
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Nino Rainusso
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lyazat Kurenbekova
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bikesh K. Nirala
- Winship Cancer Institute and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Juan Dou
- Winship Cancer Institute and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Abhinaya Muruganandham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Winship Cancer Institute and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Carestia A, Godin LC, Jenne CN. Step up to the platelet: Role of platelets in inflammation and infection. Thromb Res 2023; 231:182-194. [PMID: 36307228 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleated cells derived from megakaryocytes that are primarily responsible for hemostasis. However, in recent years, these cytoplasts have become increasingly recognized as immune cells, able to detect, interact with, and kill pathogens. As platelets are involved in both immunity and coagulation, they have a central role in immunothrombosis, a physiological process in which immune cells induce the formation of microthrombi to both prevent the spread of pathogens, and to help facilitate clearance. In this review, we will highlight the role of platelets as key players in the inflammatory and innate immune response against bacterial and viral infection, including direct and indirect interactions with pathogens and other immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Carestia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Laura C Godin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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57
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Lee J, Bang JH, Ryu YC, Hwang BH. Multiple suppressing small interfering RNA for cancer treatment-Application to triple-negative breast cancer. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300060. [PMID: 37478121 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Certain cancers, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), pose a challenging prognosis due to the absence of identifiable hormone-related receptors and effective targeted therapies. Consequently, novel therapeutics are required for these cancers, offering minimal side effects and reduced drug resistance. Unexpectedly, siRNA-7, initially employed as a control, exhibited significant efficacy in inhibiting cell viability in MDA-MB-231 cells. Through a genome-wide search of seed sequences, the targets of siRNA-7 were identified as cancer-related genes, namely PRKCE, RBPJ, ZNF737, and CDC7 in MDA-MB-231 cells. The mRNA repression analysis confirmed the simultaneous suppression by siRNA-7. Combinatorial administration of single-targeting siRNAs demonstrated a comparable reduction in viability to that achieved by siRNA-7. Importantly, siRNA-7 selectively inhibited cell viability in MDA-MB-231 cells, while normal HDF-n cells remained unaffected. Furthermore, in a xenograft mouse model, siRNA-7 exhibited a remarkable 76% reduction in tumor volume without any loss in body weight. These findings position siRNA-7 as a promising candidate for a novel, safe, specific, and potent TNBC cancer therapeutic. Moreover, the strategy of multiple suppressing small interfering RNA holds potential for the treatment of various diseases associated with gene overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyuk Bang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Chae Ryu
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hee Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bio Material & Process Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Xu Y, Tao J, Hou Y, Zhang S. Effects of PKCε knockdown on mitochondrial membrane potential of human glioma cells in vitro and growth of U251 cell-derived tumors in vivo. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:501-507. [PMID: 37501577 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2240226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor; it exhibits great invasive capacity, morbidity and mortality. Protein kinase Cε (PKCε), a serine/threonine kinase, contributes to the development and progression of many cancers. We investigated whether knockdown of PKCε could affect the mitochondrial membrane potential of human glioma cell lines, U251 and U87, and the growth of U251 cell-derived tumors in nude mice. We found that the expression of PKCε was greater in human glioma tissues than in human normal brain tissues. Knockdown of PKCε reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in U251 and U87 cells. Knockdown of PKCε also suppressed the growth of tumors derived from U251 cells and induced apoptosis of U251 cells in vivo. Our findings indicate that PKCε is important for development and progression of glioma and may be a potential therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Xu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jie Tao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Chong PSY, Chooi JY, Lim JSL, Leow ACY, Toh SHM, Azaman I, Koh MY, Teoh PJ, Tan TZ, Chung TH, Chng WJ. Histone Methyltransferase NSD2 Activates PKCα to Drive Metabolic Reprogramming and Lenalidomide Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3414-3427. [PMID: 37463241 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived bone marrow microenvironment. Primary oncogenes in recurrent translocations might be able to drive metabolic heterogeneity to survive the microenvironment that can present new vulnerabilities for therapeutic targeting. t(4;14) translocation leads to the universal overexpression of histone methyltransferase NSD2 that promotes plasma cell transformation through a global increase in H3K36me2. Here, we identified PKCα as an epigenetic target that contributes to the oncogenic potential of NSD2. RNA sequencing of t(4;14) multiple myeloma cell lines revealed a significant enrichment in the regulation of metabolic processes by PKCα, and the glycolytic gene, hexokinase 2 (HK2), was transcriptionally regulated by PKCα in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. Loss of PKCα displaced mitochondria-bound HK2 and reversed sensitivity to the glycolytic inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate. In addition, the perturbation of glycolytic flux led to a metabolic shift to a less energetic state and decreased ATP production. Metabolomics analysis indicated lactate as a differential metabolite associated with PKCα. As a result, PKCα conferred resistance to the immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) lenalidomide in a cereblon-independent manner and could be phenocopied by either overexpression of HK2 or direct supplementation of lactate. Clinically, t(4;14) patients had elevated plasma lactate levels and did not benefit from lenalidomide-based regimens. Altogether, this study provides insights into the epigenetic-metabolism cross-talk in multiple myeloma and highlights the opportunity for therapeutic intervention that leverages the distinct metabolic program in t(4;14) myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE Aberrant glycolysis driven by NSD2-mediated upregulation of PKCα can be therapeutically exploited using metabolic inhibitors with lactate as a biomarker to identify high-risk patients who exhibit poor response towards IMiD-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis S Y Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing-Yuan Chooi
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia S L Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron C Y Leow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabrina Hui Min Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irfan Azaman
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mun Yee Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phaik Ju Teoh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tae-Hoon Chung
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
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60
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Kim S, Nam S. The causal relationship of colorectal cancer on schizophrenia: A Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35517. [PMID: 37800808 PMCID: PMC10553116 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Comorbidities associated with psychiatric disorders often occur in patients with cancer. A causal effect of schizophrenia on cancer was observed using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. However, the causal effect of colorectal cancer on schizophrenia has not been studied using MR analysis. Therefore, we performed MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of colorectal cancer on schizophrenia. We performed "two-sample summary-data Mendelian randomization" using publicly available genome-wide association studies data to investigate the causal relationship between colorectal cancer (as exposure) and schizophrenia (as outcome). The inverse variance weighted method was used to calculate causal estimates. In 2 TSMR analyses, we reported that the odds ratios for schizophrenia per log odds increase in colorectal cancer risk were 6.48 (95% confidential interval [CI] of OR 1.75-24.03; P = .005) and 9.62 × 106 (95% CI of OR 1.13-8.22 × 1013; P = .048). Pleiotropic tests and sensitivity analysis demonstrated minimal horizontal pleiotropy and robustness of the causal relationship. We provide evidence for a causal relationship between the incidence of colorectal cancer and the development of schizophrenia through TSMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyeon Kim
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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Pratap Reddy Gajulapalli V. Development of Kinase-Centric Drugs: A Computational Perspective. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200693. [PMID: 37442809 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Kinases are prominent drug targets in the pharmaceutical and research community due to their involvement in signal transduction, physiological responses, and upon dysregulation, in diseases such as cancer, neurological and autoimmune disorders. Several FDA-approved small-molecule drugs have been developed to combat human diseases since Gleevec was approved for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Kinases were considered "undruggable" in the beginning. Several FDA-approved small-molecule drugs have become available in recent years. Most of these drugs target ATP-binding sites, but a few target allosteric sites. Among kinases that belong to the same family, the catalytic domain shows high structural and sequence conservation. Inhibitors of ATP-binding sites can cause off-target binding. Because members of the same family have similar sequences and structural patterns, often complex relationships between kinases and inhibitors are observed. To design and develop drugs with desired selectivity, it is essential to understand the target selectivity for kinase inhibitors. To create new inhibitors with the desired selectivity, several experimental methods have been designed to profile the kinase selectivity of small molecules. Experimental approaches are often expensive, laborious, time-consuming, and limited by the available kinases. Researchers have used computational methodologies to address these limitations in the design and development of effective therapeutics. Many computational methods have been developed over the last few decades, either to complement experimental findings or to forecast kinase inhibitor activity and selectivity. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into recent advances in theoretical/computational approaches for the design of new kinase inhibitors with the desired selectivity and optimization of existing inhibitors.
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Kareem S, Jacob A, Mathew J, Quigg RJ, Alexander JJ. Complement: Functions, location and implications. Immunology 2023; 170:180-192. [PMID: 37222083 PMCID: PMC10524990 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an arm of the innate immune system plays a critical role in both health and disease. The complement system is highly complex with dual possibilities, helping or hurting the host, depending on the location and local microenvironment. The traditionally known functions of complement include surveillance, pathogen recognition, immune complex trafficking, processing and pathogen elimination. The noncanonical functions of the complement system include their roles in development, differentiation, local homeostasis and other cellular functions. Complement proteins are present in both, the plasma and on the membranes. Complement activation occurs both extra- and intracellularly, which leads to considerable pleiotropy in their activity. In order to design more desirable and effective therapies, it is important to understand the different functions of complement, and its location-based and tissue-specific responses. This manuscript will provide a brief overview into the complex nature of the complement cascade, outlining some of their complement-independent functions, their effects at different locale, and their implication in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Kareem
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - John Mathew
- Department of Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Richard J Quigg
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jessy J Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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Liu R, Li M, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li W, Liu S. T lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin and complement levels are associated with the infection status of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2877-2884. [PMID: 36808577 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection is the leading cause of death in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). The aim of this study was to characterize the immunological features of infectious events occurring in patients with newly diagnosed AAV and to identify possible risk factors associated with infection. METHODS The T lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin, and complement levels of the groups were compared between infected group and the noninfected group. Further, regression analysis was conducted to determine the association of each variable with the risk of infection. RESULTS 280 patients with newly diagnosed AAV were enrolled. The average levels of CD3+ T cells (720.0 vs. 920.5, P < 0.001), CD3+CD4+ T cells (392.0 vs. 547.0, P < 0.001), and CD3+CD8+ T cells (248.0 vs. 335.0, P = 0.001), serum IgG (11.66 g/L vs. 13.59 g/L, P = 0.002), IgA (1.70 g/L vs. 2.44 g/L, P < 0.001), C3 (1.03 g/L vs. 1.09 g/L, P = 0.015), and C4 (0.24 g/L vs. 0.27 g/L, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the infected group than in the noninfected group. The levels of CD3+CD4+ T cells (adjusted OR 0.997, P = 0.018), IgG (adjusted OR 0.804, P = 0.004), and C4 (adjusted OR 0.001, P = 0.013) were found independently associated with infection. CONCLUSIONS Patients of infected AAV and those without infection differ in T lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin and complement levels. Furthermore, CD3+CD4+ T cells counts and serum IgG and C4 levels were independent risk factors with infection in patients with newly diagnosed AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shengyun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Liang C, Zhang HY, Wang YQ, Yang LA, Du YS, Luo Y, Zhang TC, Xu Y. TMED2 Induces Cisplatin Resistance in Breast Cancer via Targeting the KEAP1-Nrf2 Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1023-1032. [PMID: 37615927 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cisplatin is the first-line treatment for breast cancer, but it faces challenges of drug resistance. This study investigated new molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in breast cancer. METHODS We analyzed sequencing data from the TCGA database to identify potential associations between transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 2 (TMED2) and breast cancer. Western blotting, real-time PCR, CCK-8, and TUNEL assays were used to measure the effects and molecular mechanism of TMED2 on cisplatin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. RESULTS TMED2 was overexpressed in breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis. TMED2 increased cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells in vitro via promoting ubiquitination of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), relieving inhibition of KEAP1 on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and increasing expression of downstream drug resistance related genes, such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD (P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). CONCLUSION We identified a new molecular mechanism by which TMED2 affects cisplatin resistance in breast cancer. Our results provide theoretical guidance for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Han-Yong Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi-Qian Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ling-Ang Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Sen Du
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Matsuda S, Oe K, Kotani T, Okazaki A, Kiboshi T, Suzuka T, Wada Y, Shiba H, Hata K, Shoda T, Takeuchi T. Serum Complement C4 Levels Are a Useful Biomarker for Predicting End-Stage Renal Disease in Microscopic Polyangiitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14436. [PMID: 37833884 PMCID: PMC10572948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). In total, 74 patients with MPA were enrolled, and we compared the baseline clinical characteristics and disease activity between MPA patients who have progressed to ESRD and those without ESRD to select predictive factors for ESRD. Out of 74 patients, 12 patients (16.2%) had ESRD during follow-up. Serum C4 levels were significantly higher in MPA patients who have progressed to ESRD than in those without ESRD (p = 0.009). Multivariate analyses revealed that high serum creatinine levels (odds ratio (OR) 4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-15.5) and high serum C4 levels (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03-1.49) were risk factors for ESRD. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cut-off value for initial serum C4 levels and serum creatinine levels were 29.6 mg/dL and 3.54 mg/dL, respectively. Patients with MPA with a greater number of risk factors (serum C4 levels > 29.6 mg/dL and serum creatinine levels > 3.54 mg/dL) had a higher ESRD progression rate. Serum C4 levels were significantly positively correlated with serum creatinine levels and kidney Birmingham vasculitis activity score (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). These results suggest that serum C4 levels are useful tools for assessing renal disease activity and prognosis in MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takuya Kotani
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (S.M.); (T.S.); (T.T.)
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Severance EG, Prandovszky E, Yang S, Leister F, Lea A, Wu CL, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Dickerson F, Yolken RH. Prospects and Pitfalls of Plasma Complement C4 in Schizophrenia: Building a Better Biomarker. Dev Neurosci 2023; 45:349-360. [PMID: 37734326 DOI: 10.1159/000534185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex brain disorders like schizophrenia may have multifactorial origins related to mis-timed heritable and environmental factors interacting during neurodevelopment. Infections, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases are over-represented in schizophrenia leading to immune system-centered hypotheses. Complement component C4 is genetically and neurobiologically associated with schizophrenia, and its dual activity peripherally and in the brain makes it an exceptional target for biomarker development. Studies to evaluate the biomarker potential of plasma or serum C4 in schizophrenia do so to understand how peripheral C4 might reflect central nervous system-derived neuroinflammation, synapse pruning, and other mechanisms. This effort, however, has produced mostly conflicting results, with peripheral C4 sometimes elevated, reduced, or unchanged between comparison groups. We undertook a pilot biomarker development study to systematically identify sociodemographic, genetic, and immune-related variables (autoimmune, infection-related, gastrointestinal, inflammatory), which may be associated with plasma C4 levels in schizophrenia (SCH; n = 335) and/or in nonpsychiatric comparison subjects (NCs; n = 233). As with previously inconclusive studies, we detected no differences in plasma C4 levels between SCH and NCs. In contrast, levels of general inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP), were significantly elevated in SCH compared to NCs (ANOVA, F = 20.74, p < 0.0001), suggestive that plasma C4 and CRP may reflect different sources or causes of inflammation. In multivariate regressions of C4 gene copy number variants, plasma C4 levels were correlated only for C4A (not C4B, C4L, C4S) and only in NCs (R Coeff = 0.39, CI = 0.01-0.77, R2 = 0.18, p < 0.01; not SCH). Other variables associated with plasma C4 levels only in NCs included sex, double-stranded DNA IgG, tissue-transglutaminase (TTG) IgG, and cytomegalovirus IgG. Toxoplasma gondii IgG was the only variable significantly correlated with plasma C4 in SCH but not in NCs. Many variables were associated with plasma C4 in both groups (body mass index, race, CRP, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) NR2 subunit IgG, TTG IgA, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and soluble CD14 (sCD14). While the direction of most C4 associations was positive, autoimmune markers tended to be inverse, and associated with reduced plasma C4 levels. When NMDAR-NR2 autoantibody-positive individuals were removed, plasma C4 was elevated in SCH versus NCs (ANOVA, F = 5.16, p < 0.02). Our study was exploratory and confirmation of the many variables associated with peripheral C4 requires replication. Our preliminary results point toward autoimmune factors and exposure to the pathogen, T. gondii, as possibly significant contributors to variability of total C4 protein levels in plasma of individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Severance
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emese Prandovszky
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuojia Yang
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Flora Leister
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Lea
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ching-Lien Wu
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Faith Dickerson
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Vashishtha A, Maina SW, Altman J, Jones G, Lee TJ, Bollinger KE, Ulrich L, Töteberg-Harms M, Estes AJ, Zhi W, Sharma S, Sharma A. Complement System Proteins in the Human Aqueous Humor and Their Association with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1400. [PMID: 37763167 PMCID: PMC10532607 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study discovers the complement protein profile in the aqueous humor (AH) of human subjects and investigates its association with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) pathogenesis. Among the 32 complement proteins identified, 22 were highly abundant and detected in more than 50% of AH samples. The most predominant active complement proteins in the AH are C3, C4B, C4A, CFB, CFD, and C9. Additionally, the most prevalent complement regulators and receptors include CLU, SERPING1, F2, CFH, CFI, and VTN. Significant alterations in complement proteins were observed in individuals with POAG compared to those with cataracts. Specifically, complement protein F2 was upregulated, while C8G, C6, and CFH were downregulated in POAG samples. Stratification of the samples by race and sex revealed distinct alterations of complement proteins in patients with POAG. In the African American cohort, five complement proteins (C4A, C4B, F2, C7, and C3) were upregulated in POAG compared to cataract patients. In the Caucasian cohort, eight complement proteins (C3, SERPING1, CFI, CLU, CFHR1, C8G, C6, and CFH) were downregulated in the POAG samples compared to the cataract samples. Within the male cohort, three complement proteins (CLU, C6, and CFH) were downregulated in POAG patients compared to those with cataracts. Whereas, within the female cohort, two complement proteins (C4B and F2) were upregulated and one (C8G) downregulated in the POAG samples when compared to cataracts. Discerning these changes in the AH complement protein profile will assist in the development of tailored therapies to modulate the complement system for managing ocular disorders. These insights may also lead to novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Vashishtha
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Sharon W. Maina
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Jeremy Altman
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Kathryn E. Bollinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Lane Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Marc Töteberg-Harms
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Amy J. Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Israel A, Schäffer AA, Berkovitch M, Ozeri DJ, Merzon E, Green I, Golan-Cohen A, Ruppin E, Vinker S, Magen E. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and long-term risk of immune-related disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232560. [PMID: 37753082 PMCID: PMC10518697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked enzymatic disorder that is particularly prevalent in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This study aimed to assess the long-term health risks associated with G6PD deficiency. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a national healthcare provider in Israel (Leumit Health Services). A total of 7,473 G6PD-deficient individuals were matched with 29,892 control subjects in a 1:4 ratio, based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnic groups. The exposure of interest was recorded G6PD diagnosis or positive G6PD diagnostic test. The main outcomes and measures included rates of infectious diseases, allergic conditions, and autoimmune disorders between 2002 and 2022. Results Significantly increased rates were observed for autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and allergic conditions in G6PD-deficient individuals compared to the control group. Specifically, notable increases were observed for rheumatoid arthritis (odds ratio [OR] 2.41, p<0.001), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 4.56, p<0.001), scleroderma (OR 6.87, p<0.001), pernicious anemia (OR 18.70, p<0.001), fibromyalgia (OR 1.98, p<0.001), Graves' disease (OR 1.46, p=0.001), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR 1.26, p=0.001). These findings were supported by elevated rates of positive autoimmune serology and higher utilization of medications commonly used to treat autoimmune conditions in the G6PD-deficient group. Discussion In conclusion, individuals with G6PD deficiency are at a higher risk of developing autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and allergic conditions. This large-scale observational study provides valuable insights into the comprehensive association between G6PD deficiency and infectious and immune-related diseases. The findings emphasize the importance of considering G6PD deficiency as a potential risk factor in clinical practice and further research is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Israel
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Alejandro A. Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matitiahu Berkovitch
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - David J. Ozeri
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Division of Rheumatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ilan Green
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Avivit Golan-Cohen
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Eli Magen
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Medicine A Department, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel
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Yang J, Yang N, Zhao H, Qiao Y, Li Y, Wang C, Lim KL, Zhang C, Yang W, Lu L. Adipose transplantation improves olfactory function and neurogenesis via PKCα-involved lipid metabolism in Seipin Knockout mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:239. [PMID: 37674230 PMCID: PMC10483743 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipodystrophy-associated metabolic disorders caused by Seipin deficiency lead to not only severe lipodystrophy but also neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of Seipin deficiency-induced neuropathy is not well elucidated, and the possible restorative strategy needs to be explored. METHODS In the present study, we used Seipin knockout (KO) mice, combined with transcriptome analysis, mass spectrometry imaging, neurobehavior test, and cellular and molecular assay to investigate the systemic lipid metabolic abnormalities in lipodystrophic mice model and their effects on adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and olfactory function. After subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) transplantation, metabolic and neurological function was measured in Seipin KO mice to clarify whether restoring lipid metabolic homeostasis would improve neurobehavior. RESULTS It was found that Seipin KO mice presented the ectopic accumulation of lipids in the lateral ventricle, accompanied by decreased neurogenesis in adult SVZ, diminished new neuron formation in the olfactory bulb, and impaired olfactory-related memory. Transcriptome analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SVZ of adult Seipin KO mice were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism. Mass spectrometry imaging showed that the levels of glycerophospholipid and diglyceride (DG) were significantly increased. Furthermore, we found that AT transplantation rescued the abnormality of peripheral metabolism in Seipin KO mice and ameliorated the ectopic lipid accumulation, concomitant with restoration of the SVZ neurogenesis and olfactory function. Mechanistically, PKCα expression was up-regulated in SVZ tissues of Seipin KO mice, which may be a potential mediator between lipid dysregulation and neurological disorder. DG analogue (Dic8) can up-regulate PKCα and inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro, while PKCα inhibitor can block this effect. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that Seipin deficiency can lead to systemic lipid disorder with concomitant SVZ neurogenesis and impaired olfactory memory. However, AT restores lipid homeostasis and neurogenesis. PKCα is a key mediator mediating Seipin KO-induced abnormal lipid metabolism and impaired neurogenesis in the SVZ, and inhibition of PKCα can restore the impaired neurogenesis. This work reveals the underlying mechanism of Seipin deficiency-induced neurological dysfunction and provides new ideas for the treatment of neurological dysfunction caused by metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center and State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Analytical Instrumentation Center and State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal and Animal Model of Human Diseases, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
- Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
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Green JR, Mahalingaiah PKS, Gopalakrishnan SM, Liguori MJ, Mittelstadt SW, Blomme EAG, Van Vleet TR. Off-target pharmacological activity at various kinases: Potential functional and pathological side effects. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107468. [PMID: 37553032 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery, during the lead optimization and candidate characterization stages, novel small molecules are frequently evaluated in a battery of in vitro pharmacology assays to identify potential unintended, off-target interactions with various receptors, transporters, ion channels, and enzymes, including kinases. Furthermore, these screening panels may also provide utility at later stages of development to provide a mechanistic understanding of unexpected safety findings. Here, we present a compendium of the most likely functional and pathological outcomes associated with interaction(s) to a panel of 95 kinases based on an extensive curation of the scientific literature. This panel of kinases was designed by AbbVie based on safety-related data extracted from the literature, as well as from over 20 years of institutional knowledge generated from discovery efforts. For each kinase, the scientific literature was reviewed using online databases and the most often reported functional and pathological effects were summarized. This work should serve as a practical guide for small molecule drug discovery scientists and clinical investigators to predict and/or interpret adverse effects related to pharmacological interactions with these kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon R Green
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States.
| | | | - Sujatha M Gopalakrishnan
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Michael J Liguori
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Scott W Mittelstadt
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Eric A G Blomme
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Terry R Van Vleet
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
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Liu Y, Zou Y, Huang Y, Chen S, Zhang L. Identification of Balanol As a Potential Inhibitor of PAK1 That Induces Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300114. [PMID: 37323074 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, often accompanied by poor prognosis and high incidence and mortality. p21 activated kinases (PAKs) have been used as therapeutic targets because of their central role in many oncogenic signaling networks. By exploring tumor databases, we found that PAK1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, and therefore, PAK1-targeted inhibition is a new potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer. We identified that Balanol (compound 6, DB04098) can effectively target PAK1 by high-throughput virtual screening. In vitro, compound 6 exhibited favorable PAK1 inhibition with potent anti-proliferative and anti-migration activity in SW480 cells. Additionally, we also found that compound 6 induced apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in SW480 cells. Together, these results indicate that compound 6 is a potential novel PAK1 inhibitor, which would be utilized as a candidate compound for future CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Zou
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunli Huang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are phospholipids derived from phosphatidylinositol. PIs are regulated via reversible phosphorylation, which is directed by the opposing actions of PI kinases and phosphatases. PIs constitute a minor fraction of the total cellular lipid pool but play pleiotropic roles in multiple aspects of cell biology. Genetic mutations of PI regulatory enzymes have been identified in rare congenital developmental syndromes, including ciliopathies, and in numerous human diseases, such as cancer and metabolic and neurological disorders. Accordingly, PI regulatory enzymes have been targeted in the design of potential therapeutic interventions for human diseases. Recent advances place PIs as central regulators of membrane dynamics within functionally distinct subcellular compartments. This brief review focuses on the emerging role PIs play in regulating cell signaling within the primary cilium and in directing transfer of molecules at interorganelle membrane contact sites and identifies new roles for PIs in subcellular spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Michele Davies
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christina Anne Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Harald Alfred Stenmark
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research. The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
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Xie C, Zhou H, Qin D, Zheng H, Tang Y, Li W, Zhou J, Liu L, Yu X, Duan H, Zhou Y, Li Z, Fang Z, Luo Y, Carter BZ, Xu B, Zha J. Bcl-2 inhibition combined with PPARα activation synergistically targets leukemic stem cell-like cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:573. [PMID: 37644011 PMCID: PMC10465498 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Persistence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) is one of the determining factors to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment failure and responsible for the poor prognosis of the disease. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies that target LSCs are crucial for treatment success. We investigated if targeting Bcl-2 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), two distinct cell survival regulating mechanisms could eliminate LSCs. This study demonstrate that the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax combined with the PPARα agonist chiglitazar resulted in synergistic killing of LSC-like cell lines and CD34+ primary AML cells while sparing their normal counterparts. Furthermore, the combination regimen significantly suppressed AML progression in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Mechanistically, chiglitazar-mediated PPARα activation inhibited the transcriptional activity of the PIK3AP1 gene promoter and down-regulated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, leading to cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction, which was synergized with venetoclax. These findings suggest that combinatorial Bcl-2 inhibition and PPARα activation selectively eliminates AML cells in vivo and vitro, representing an effective therapy for patients with relapsed and refractory AML.
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Grants
- The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U22A20290,82170180, 81800163, 82100204,81900164); Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (No.2023J06054,2020J05307,2020J011246, 2021J011359); The Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (3502Z20209003, 3502Z20209008).
- The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U22A20290,82170180, 81800163, 82100204,81900164); Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (No. 2020J05307,2020J011246, 2021J011359); The Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (3502Z20209003, 3502Z20209008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendi Xie
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Dongmei Qin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Huijian Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanfang Tang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongpeng Duan
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiming Luo
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China.
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China.
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Pejchinovski I, Turkkan S, Pejchinovski M. Recent Advances of Proteomics in Management of Acute Kidney Injury. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2648. [PMID: 37627907 PMCID: PMC10453063 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as a life-threatening disease, leading to an exponential increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. At present, AKI is characterized by a significant increase in serum creatinine (SCr) levels, typically followed by a sudden drop in glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Changes in urine output are usually associated with the renal inability to excrete urea and other nitrogenous waste products, causing extracellular volume and electrolyte imbalances. Several molecular mechanisms were proposed to be affiliated with AKI development and progression, ultimately involving renal epithelium tubular cell-cycle arrest, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the inability to recover and regenerate proximal tubules, and impaired endothelial function. Diagnosis and prognosis using state-of-the-art clinical markers are often late and provide poor outcomes at disease onset. Inappropriate clinical assessment is a strong disease contributor, actively driving progression towards end stage renal disease (ESRD). Proteins, as the main functional and structural unit of the cell, provide the opportunity to monitor the disease on a molecular level. Changes in the proteomic profiles are pivotal for the expression of molecular pathways and disease pathogenesis. Introduction of highly-sensitive and innovative technology enabled the discovery of novel biomarkers for improved risk stratification, better and more cost-effective medical care for the ill patients and advanced personalized medicine. In line with those strategies, this review provides and discusses the latest findings of proteomic-based biomarkers and their prospective clinical application for AKI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinka Pejchinovski
- Department of Quality Assurance, Nikkiso Europe GmbH, 30885 Langenhagen, Germany; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Sibel Turkkan
- Department of Quality Assurance, Nikkiso Europe GmbH, 30885 Langenhagen, Germany; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Martin Pejchinovski
- Department of Analytical Instruments Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 82110 Germering, Germany
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Aquino A, Bianchi N, Terrazzan A, Franzese O. Protein Kinase C at the Crossroad of Mutations, Cancer, Targeted Therapy and Immune Response. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1047. [PMID: 37626933 PMCID: PMC10451643 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The frequent PKC dysregulations observed in many tumors have made these enzymes natural targets for anticancer applications. Nevertheless, this considerable interest in the development of PKC modulators has not led to the expected therapeutic benefits, likely due to the complex biological activities regulated by PKC isoenzymes, often playing ambiguous and protective functions, further driven by the occurrence of mutations. The structure, regulation and functions of PKCs have been extensively covered in other publications. Herein, we focused on PKC alterations mostly associated with complete functional loss. We also addressed the modest yet encouraging results obtained targeting PKC in selected malignancies and the more frequent negative clinical outcomes. The reported observations advocate the need for more selective molecules and a better understanding of the involved pathways. Furthermore, we underlined the most relevant immune mechanisms controlled by PKC isoforms potentially impacting the immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade-mediated immune recovery. We believe that a comprehensive examination of the molecular features of the tumor microenvironment might improve clinical outcomes by tailoring PKC modulation. This approach can be further supported by the identification of potential response biomarkers, which may indicate patients who may benefit from the manipulation of distinctive PKC isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Aquino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory for Advanced Therapy Technologies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Marin WM, Augusto DG, Wade KJ, Hollenbach JA. High-throughput complement component 4 genomic sequence analysis with C4Investigator. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.18.549551. [PMID: 37503256 PMCID: PMC10370142 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The complement component 4 gene locus, composed of the C4A and C4B genes and located on chromosome 6, encodes for C4 protein, a key intermediate in the classical and lectin pathways of the complement system. The complement system is an important modulator of immune system activity and is also involved in the clearance of immune complexes and cellular debris. The C4 gene locus exhibits copy number variation, with each composite gene varying between 0-5 copies per haplotype, C4 genes also vary in size depending on the presence of the HERV retrovirus in intron 9, denoted by C4(L) for long-form and C4(S) for short-form, which modulates expression and is found in both C4A and C4B. Additionally, human blood group antigens Rodgers and Chido are located on the C4 protein, with the Rodger epitope generally found on C4A protein, and the Chido epitope generally found on C4B protein. C4 copy number variation has been implicated in numerous autoimmune and pathogenic diseases. Despite the central role of C4 in immune function and regulation, high-throughput genomic sequence analysis of C4 variants has been impeded by the high degree of sequence similarity and complex genetic variation exhibited by these genes. To investigate C4 variation using genomic sequencing data, we have developed a novel bioinformatic pipeline for comprehensive, high-throughput characterization of human C4 sequence from short-read sequencing data, named C4Investigator. Using paired-end targeted or whole genome sequence data as input, C4Investigator determines gene copy number for overall C4, C4A, C4B, C4(Rodger), C4(Ch), C4(L), and C4(S), additionally, C4Ivestigator reports the full overall C4 aligned sequence, enabling nucleotide level analysis of C4. To demonstrate the utility of this workflow we have analyzed C4 variation in the 1000 Genomes Project Dataset, showing that the C4 genes are highly poly-allelic with many variants that have the potential to impact C4 protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M. Marin
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Danillo G. Augusto
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kristen J. Wade
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jill A. Hollenbach
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Geng N, Qi Y, Qin W, Li S, Jin H, Jiang Y, Wang X, Wei S, Wang P. Two microRNAs of plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 37452310 PMCID: PMC10347730 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) of plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been proven to be associated with metastasis in several types of cancer. This study aimed to detect miRNAs of plasma-derived sEVs as potential biomarkers for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We assessed the miRNA profiles of plasma-derived sEVs from healthy individuals as the control group (CT group), NSCLC patients without distant organ metastasis as the NM-NSCLC group and patients with distant organ metastasis as the M-NSCLC group. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on samples, and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) of the three groups were screened. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and ClueGO were used to predict potential pathways of DEMs. MiRNA enrichment analysis and annotation tool (miEAA) was used to understand changes in the tumour microenvironment in NSCLC. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) analysis was used to validate target miRNAs. RESULT NGS was performed on 38 samples of miRNAs of plasma-derived sEVs, and DEMs were screened out between the above three groups. Regarding the distribution of DEMs in the NM-NSCLC and M-NSCLC groups, KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment in focal adhesion and gap junctions and ClueGO in the Rap1 and Hippo signaling pathways; miEAA found that fibroblasts were over-represented. From our screening, miRNA-200c-3p and miRNA-4429 were found to be predictive DEMs among the CT, NM-NSCLC and M-NSCLC groups, and qRT‒PCR was applied to verify the results. Finally, it was revealed that expression levels of miR-200c-3p and miR-4429 were significantly upregulated in M-NSCLC patients. CONCLUSION This study identified miRNA-200c-3p and miRNA-4429 as potential biomarkers for NSCLC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Geng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yaopu Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, P.R. China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yifang Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shanna Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, P.R. China.
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Kciuk M, Alam M, Ali N, Rashid S, Głowacka P, Sundaraj R, Celik I, Yahya EB, Dubey A, Zerroug E, Kontek R. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Therapeutic Potential in Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Implications. Molecules 2023; 28:5246. [PMID: 37446908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between cell proliferation and apoptosis have emerged as rational targets that can be exploited in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant phenolic compound found in green tea. It has been shown to regulate multiple crucial cellular signaling pathways, including those mediated by EGFR, JAK-STAT, MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and others. Deregulation of the abovementioned pathways is involved in the pathophysiology of cancer. It has been demonstrated that EGCG may exert anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and apoptosis-inducing effects or induce epigenetic changes. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that EGCG may be used in the treatment of numerous disorders, including cancer. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the biological properties of EGCG, especially in the context of cancer treatment and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pola Głowacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 90-001 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical University of Lodz, Hallera 1 Square, 90-700 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rajamanikandan Sundaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Amit Dubey
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida 201310, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Enfale Zerroug
- LMCE Laboratory, Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Biskra, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Hanim A, Mohamed IN, Mohamed RMP, Mokhtar MH, Makpol S, Naomi R, Bahari H, Kamal H, Kumar J. Alcohol Dependence Modulates Amygdalar mTORC2 and PKCε Expression in a Rodent Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:3036. [PMID: 37447362 PMCID: PMC10346598 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple alcohol use disorder (AUD)-related behavioral alterations are governed by protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), particularly in the amygdala. Protein kinase C (PKC) is readily phosphorylated at Ser729 before activation by the mTORC2 protein complex. In keeping with this, the current study was conducted to assess the variations in mTORC2 and PKCε during different ethanol exposure stages. The following groups of rats were employed: control, acute, chronic, ethanol withdrawal (EW), and EW + ethanol (EtOH). Ethanol-containing and non-ethanol-containing modified liquid diets (MLDs) were administered for 27 days. On day 28, either saline or ethanol (2.5 g/kg, 20% v/v) was intraperitoneally administered, followed by bilateral amygdala extraction. PKCε mRNA levels were noticeably increased in the amygdala of the EW + EtOH and EW groups. Following chronic ethanol consumption, the stress-activated map kinase-interacting protein 1 (Sin1) gene expression was markedly decreased. In the EW, EW + EtOH, and chronic ethanol groups, there was a profound increase in the protein expression of mTOR, Sin1, PKCε, and phosphorylated PKCε (Ser729). The PKCε gene and protein expressions showed a statistically significant moderate association, according to a correlation analysis. Our results suggest that an elevated PKCε protein expression in the amygdala during EW and EW + EtOH occurred at the transcriptional level. However, an elevation in the PKCε protein expression, but not its mRNA, after chronic ethanol intake warrants further investigation to fully understand the signaling pathways during different episodes of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athirah Hanim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.H.); (M.H.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Isa N. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Rashidi M. P. Mohamed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.H.); (M.H.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (R.N.); (H.B.)
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (R.N.); (H.B.)
| | - Haziq Kamal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.H.); (M.H.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.H.); (M.H.M.); (H.K.)
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80
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Marinaki S, Vittoraki A, Tsiakas S, Kofotolios I, Darema M, Ioannou S, Vallianou K, Boletis J. Clinical Outcome of Kidney Transplant Recipients with C1q-Binding De Novo Donor Specific Antibodies: A Single-Center Experience. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4475. [PMID: 37445510 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement activation by HLA antibodies is a key component of immune-mediated graft injury. We examined the clinical outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with complement-fixing de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) who were followed in our center. The C1q-binding ability was retrospectively assessed in 69 patients with dnDSA and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values > 2000 out of the 1325 kidney transplant recipients who were screened for DSA between 2015 and 2019. Luminex IgG single antigen beads (SAB)and C1q-SAB assays (One Lambda) were used. C1q-binding dnDSA was identified in 32/69 (46.4%) of the patients. Significantly higher MFI values were observed in C1q-positive DSA (18,978 versus 5840, p < 0.001). Renal graft biopsies were performed in 43 of the kidney transplant recipients (62.3%) with allograft dysfunction. Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) was detected in 29/43 (67.4%) of the patients. The incidence of ABMR was similar among patients with C1q-binding and non-C1q-binding DSA (51.7% vs. 48.3%, p = 0.523). Graft loss occurred in 30/69 (43.5%) of the patients at a median time of 82.5 months (IQR 45-135) from DSA detection. C1q-binding DSA was present in more patients who experienced graft loss (53.1% vs. 35.1%, p = 0.152). Higher MFI values and inferior clinical outcomes occurred in most of the kidney transplant recipients with C1q-binding dnDSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaragdi Marinaki
- Clinic of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Vittoraki
- Immunology Department, National Tissue Typing Center, General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stathis Tsiakas
- Clinic of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kofotolios
- Clinic of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Darema
- Clinic of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Ioannou
- Immunology Department, National Tissue Typing Center, General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Vallianou
- Clinic of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - John Boletis
- Clinic of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Kalinina EV, Novichkova MD. S-Glutathionylation and S-Nitrosylation as Modulators of Redox-Dependent Processes in Cancer Cell. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:924-943. [PMID: 37751864 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Development of oxidative/nitrosative stress associated with the activation of oncogenic pathways results from the increase in the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in tumor cells, where they can have a dual effect. At high concentrations, ROS/RNS cause cell death and limit tumor growth at certain phases of its development, while their low amounts promote oxidative/nitrosative modifications of key redox-dependent residues in regulatory proteins. The reversibility of such modifications as S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation that proceed through the electrophilic attack of ROS/RNS on nucleophilic Cys residues ensures the redox-dependent switch in the activity of signaling proteins, as well as the ability of these compounds to control cell proliferation and programmed cell death. The content of S-glutathionylated and S-nitrosylated proteins is controlled by the balance between S-glutathionylation/deglutathionylation and S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation, respectively, and depends on the cellular redox status. The extent of S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation of protein targets and their ratio largely determine the status and direction of signaling pathways in cancer cells. The review discusses the features of S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation reactions and systems that control them in cancer cells, as well as their relationship with redox-dependent processes and tumor growth.
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82
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Cervantes-Villagrana RD, García-Jiménez I, Vázquez-Prado J. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases (RhoGEFs) as oncogenic effectors and strategic therapeutic targets in metastatic cancer. Cell Signal 2023; 109:110749. [PMID: 37290677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells dynamically adjust their shape to adhere, invade, migrate, and expand to generate secondary tumors. Inherent to these processes is the constant assembly and disassembly of cytoskeletal supramolecular structures. The subcellular places where cytoskeletal polymers are built and reorganized are defined by the activation of Rho GTPases. These molecular switches directly respond to signaling cascades integrated by Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), which are sophisticated multidomain proteins that control morphological behavior of cancer and stromal cells in response to cell-cell interactions, tumor-secreted factors and actions of oncogenic proteins within the tumor microenvironment. Stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune and endothelial cells, and even projections of neuronal cells, adjust their shapes and move into growing tumoral masses, building tumor-induced structures that eventually serve as metastatic routes. Here we review the role of RhoGEFs in metastatic cancer. They are highly diverse proteins with common catalytic modules that select among a variety of homologous Rho GTPases enabling them to load GTP, acquiring an active conformation that stimulates effectors controlling actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, due to their strategic position in oncogenic signaling cascades, and their structural diversity flanking common catalytic modules, RhoGEFs possess unique characteristics that make them conceptual targets of antimetastatic precision therapies. Preclinical proof of concept, demonstrating the antimetastatic effect of inhibiting either expression or activity of βPix (ARHGEF7), P-Rex1, Vav1, ARHGEF17, and Dock1, among others, is emerging.
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83
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Atkins M, Nicol X, Fassier C. Microtubule remodelling as a driving force of axon guidance and pruning. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 140:35-53. [PMID: 35710759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal connectivity relies on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, which provides mechanical support, roads for axonal transport and mediates signalling events. Fine-tuned spatiotemporal regulation of MT functions by tubulin post-translational modifications and MT-associated proteins is critical for the coarse wiring and subsequent refinement of neuronal connectivity. The defective regulation of these processes causes a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with connectivity defects. This review focuses on recent studies unravelling how MT composition, post-translational modifications and associated proteins influence MT functions in axon guidance and/or pruning to build functional neuronal circuits. We here summarise experimental evidence supporting the key role of this network as a driving force for growth cone steering and branch-specific axon elimination. We further provide a global overview of the MT-interactors that tune developing axon behaviours, with a special emphasis on their emerging versatility in the regulation of MT dynamics/structure. Recent studies establishing the key and highly selective role of the tubulin code in the regulation of MT functions in axon pathfinding are also reported. Finally, our review highlights the emerging molecular links between these MT regulation processes and guidance signals that wire the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Atkins
- INSERM, UMR-S 1270, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nicol
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Fassier
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France.
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84
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Mondal S, Sthanikam Y, Kumar A, Nandy A, Chattopadhyay S, Koner D, Rukmangadha N, Narendra H, Banerjee S. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Lumpectomy Specimens Deciphers Diacylglycerols as Potent Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8054-8062. [PMID: 37167069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Detecting breast tumor markers with a fast turnaround time from frozen sections should foster intraoperative histopathology in breast-conserving surgery, reducing the need for a second operation. Hence, rapid label-free discrimination of the spatially resolved molecular makeup between cancer and adjacent normal breast tissue is of growing importance. We performed desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) of fresh-frozen excision specimens, including cancer and paired adjacent normal sections, obtained from the lumpectomy of 73 breast cancer patients. The results demonstrate that breast cancer tissue posits sharp metabolic upregulation of diacylglycerol, a lipid second messenger that activates protein kinase C for promoting tumor growth. We identified four specific sn-1,2-diacylglycerols that outperformed all other lipids simultaneously mapped by the positive ion mode DESI-MSI for distinguishing cancers from adjacent normal specimens. This result contrasts with several previous DESI-MSI studies that probed metabolic dysregulation of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and free fatty acids for cancer diagnoses. A random forest-based supervised machine learning considering all detected ion signals also deciphered the highest diagnostic potential of these four diacylglycerols with the top four importance scores. This led us to construct a classifier with 100% overall prediction accuracy of breast cancer by using the parsimonious set of four diacylglycerol biomarkers only. The metabolic pathway analysis suggested that increased catabolism of phosphatidylcholine in breast cancer contributes to diacylglycerol overexpression. These results open up opportunities for mapping diacylglycerol signaling in breast cancer in the context of novel therapeutic and diagnostic developments, including the intraoperative assessment of breast cancer margin status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Yeswanth Sthanikam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Anubhav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Abhijit Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Sutirtha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Debasish Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Nandyala Rukmangadha
- Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Hulikal Narendra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Shibdas Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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85
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Veremeyko T, Jiang R, He M, Ponomarev ED. Complement C4-deficient mice have a high mortality rate during PTZ-induced epileptic seizures, which correlates with cognitive problems and the deficiency in the expression of Egr1 and other immediate early genes. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1170031. [PMID: 37234916 PMCID: PMC10206007 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement system plays an important role in the immune defense against pathogens; however, recent studies demonstrated an important role of complement subunits C1q, C4, and C3 in normal functions of the central nervous system (CNS) such as non-functional synapse elimination (synapse pruning), and during various neurologic pathologies. Humans have two forms of C4 protein encoded by C4A and C4B genes that share 99.5% homology, while mice have only one C4B gene that is functionally active in the complement cascade. Overexpression of the human C4A gene was shown to contribute to the development of schizophrenia by mediating extensive synapse pruning through the activation C1q-C4-C3 pathway, while C4B deficiency or low levels of C4B expression were shown to relate to the development of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders possibly via other mechanisms not related to synapse elimination. To investigate the potential role of C4B in neuronal functions not related to synapse pruning, we compared wildtype (WT) mice with C3- and C4B- deficient animals for their susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- induced epileptic seizures. We found that C4B (but not C3)-deficient mice were highly susceptible to convulsant and subconvulsant doses of PTZ when compared to WT controls. Further gene expression analysis revealed that in contrast to WT or C3-deficient animals, C4B-deficient mice failed to upregulate expressions of multiple immediate early genes (IEGs) Egrs1-4, c-Fos, c-Jus, FosB, Npas4, and Nur77 during epileptic seizures. Moreover, C4B-deficient mice had low levels of baseline expression of Egr1 on mRNA and protein levels, which was correlated with the cognitive problems of these animals. C4-deficient animals also failed to upregulate several genes downstream of IEGs such as BDNF and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF. Taken together, our study demonstrates a new role of C4B in the regulation of expression of IEGs and their downstream targets during CNS insults such as epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Veremeyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingliang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eugene D. Ponomarev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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86
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Goenka A, Khan F, Verma B, Sinha P, Dmello CC, Jogalekar MP, Gangadaran P, Ahn B. Tumor microenvironment signaling and therapeutics in cancer progression. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:525-561. [PMID: 37005490 PMCID: PMC10174093 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, among other factors. Stromal cells can adopt new phenotypes to promote tumor cell invasion. A deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions is needed to design effective intervention strategies that might interrupt these interactions. In this review, we describe the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and associated therapeutics. We discuss the clinical advances in the prevalent and newly discovered signaling pathways in the TME, the immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive chemokines, and currently used inhibitors targeting these pathways. These include both intrinsic and non-autonomous tumor cell signaling pathways in the TME: protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, Notch, and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response, lactate signaling, Metabolic reprogramming, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and Siglec signaling pathways. We also discuss the recent advances in Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and Lymphocyte Activating Gene 3 (LAG3) immune checkpoint inhibitors along with the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)- C-C class chemokines 22 (CCL22)/ and 17 (CCL17), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) chemokine signaling axis in the TME. In addition, this review provides a holistic understanding of the TME as we discuss the three-dimensional and microfluidic models of the TME, which are believed to recapitulate the original characteristics of the patient tumor and hence may be used as a platform to study new mechanisms and screen for various anti-cancer therapies. We further discuss the systemic influences of gut microbiota in TME reprogramming and treatment response. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse and most critical signaling pathways in the TME, highlighting the associated newest and critical preclinical and clinical studies along with their underlying biology. We highlight the importance of the most recent technologies of microfluidics and lab-on-chip models for TME research and also present an overview of extrinsic factors, such as the inhabitant human microbiome, which have the potential to modulate TME biology and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of NeurologyThe Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Bhupender Verma
- Department of OphthalmologySchepens Eye Research InstituteMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, 02114MAUSA
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of NeurologyMassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, 02129MAUSA
| | - Crismita C. Dmello
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Manasi P. Jogalekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoSan Francisco, 94143CAUSA
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
| | - Byeong‐Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
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87
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Coss SL, Zhou D, Chua GT, Aziz RA, Hoffman RP, Wu YL, Ardoin SP, Atkinson JP, Yu CY. The complement system and human autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2023; 137:102979. [PMID: 36535812 PMCID: PMC10276174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic deficiencies of early components of the classical complement activation pathway (especially C1q, r, s, and C4) are the strongest monogenic causal factors for the prototypic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but their prevalence is extremely rare. In contrast, isotype genetic deficiency of C4A and acquired deficiency of C1q by autoantibodies are frequent among patients with SLE. Here we review the genetic basis of complement deficiencies in autoimmune disease, discuss the complex genetic diversity seen in complement C4 and its association with autoimmune disease, provide guidance as to when clinicians should suspect and test for complement deficiencies, and outline the current understanding of the mechanisms relating complement deficiencies to autoimmunity. We focus primarily on SLE, as the role of complement in SLE is well-established, but will also discuss other informative diseases such as inflammatory arthritis and myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Coss
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rabheh Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert P Hoffman
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yee Ling Wu
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Stacy P Ardoin
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John P Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chack-Yung Yu
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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88
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Sun T, Pei S, Liu Y, Hanif Q, Xu H, Chen N, Lei C, Yue X. Whole genome sequencing of simmental cattle for SNP and CNV discovery. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:179. [PMID: 37020271 PMCID: PMC10077681 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs) are two major genomic variants, which play crucial roles in evolutionary and phenotypic diversity. RESULTS In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to explore the genetic variations (SNPs and CNVs) of high sperm motility (HSM) and poor sperm motility (PSM) Simmental bulls using the high-coverage (25×) short-read next generation sequencing and single-molecule long reads sequencing data. A total of ~ 15 million SNPs and 2,944 CNV regions (CNVRs) were detected in Simmental bulls, and a set of positive selected genes (PSGs) and CNVRs were found to be overlapped with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involving immunity, muscle development, reproduction, etc. In addition, we detected two new variants in LEPR, which may be related to the artificial breeding to improve important economic traits. Moreover, a set of genes and pathways functionally related to male fertility were identified. Remarkably, a CNV on SPAG16 (chr2:101,427,468 - 101,429,883) was completely deleted in all poor sperm motility (PSM) bulls and half of the bulls in high sperm motility (HSM), which may play a crucial role in the bull-fertility. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study provides a valuable genetic variation resource for the cattle breeding and selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Shengwei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Yangkai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Quratulain Hanif
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haiyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangpeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China.
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89
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Koropouli E, Wang Q, Mejías R, Hand R, Wang T, Ginty DD, Kolodkin AL. Palmitoylation regulates neuropilin-2 localization and function in cortical neurons and conveys specificity to semaphorin signaling via palmitoyl acyltransferases. eLife 2023; 12:e83217. [PMID: 37010951 PMCID: PMC10069869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) and semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) exhibit remarkably distinct effects on deep layer excitatory cortical pyramidal neurons; Sema3F mediates dendritic spine pruning, whereas Sema3A promotes the elaboration of basal dendrites. Sema3F and Sema3A signal through distinct holoreceptors that include neuropilin-2 (Nrp2)/plexinA3 (PlexA3) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp1)/PlexA4, respectively. We find that Nrp2 and Nrp1 are S-palmitoylated in cortical neurons and that palmitoylation of select Nrp2 cysteines is required for its proper subcellular localization, cell surface clustering, and also for Sema3F/Nrp2-dependent dendritic spine pruning in cortical neurons, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show that the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC15 is required for Nrp2 palmitoylation and Sema3F/Nrp2-dependent dendritic spine pruning, but it is dispensable for Nrp1 palmitoylation and Sema3A/Nrp1-dependent basal dendritic elaboration. Therefore, palmitoyl acyltransferase-substrate specificity is essential for establishing compartmentalized neuronal structure and functional responses to extrinsic guidance cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Koropouli
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Rebeca Mejías
- Department of Physiology,University of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Randal Hand
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tao Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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90
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Vegni J, Sun Y, Seemann SE, Zappaterra M, Davoli R, Dall’Olio S, Gorodkin J, Zambonelli P. RNA-Seq Study on the Longissimus thoracis Muscle of Italian Large White Pigs Fed Extruded Linseed with or without Antioxidants and Polyphenols. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071187. [PMID: 37048443 PMCID: PMC10093021 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) to the swine diet increases their content in muscle cells, and the additional supplementation of antioxidants promotes their oxidative stability. However, to date, the functionality of these components within muscle tissue is not well understood. Using a published RNA-seq dataset and a selective workflow, the study aimed to find the differences in gene expression and investigate how differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were implicated in the cellular composition and metabolism of muscle tissue of 48 Italian Large White pigs under different dietary conditions. A functional enrichment analysis of DEGs, using Cytoscape, revealed that the diet enriched with extruded linseed and supplemented with vitamin E and selenium promoted a more rapid and massive immune system response because the overall function of muscle tissue was improved, while those enriched with extruded linseed and supplemented with grape skin and oregano extracts promoted the presence and oxidative stability of n-3 PUFAs, increasing the anti-inflammatory potential of the muscular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vegni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ying Sun
- Center for Non-Coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan E. Seemann
- Center for Non-Coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Dall’Olio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for Non-Coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (P.Z.); Tel.: +45-23375667 (J.G.); +39-051-2088055 (P.Z.)
| | - Paolo Zambonelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (P.Z.); Tel.: +45-23375667 (J.G.); +39-051-2088055 (P.Z.)
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91
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Israel A, Schäffer AA, Berkovitch M, Ozeri DJ, Merzon E, Green I, Golan-Cohen A, Ruppin E, Vinker S, Magen E. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency and Long-Term Risk of Immune-Related diseases. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.23.23287616. [PMID: 37090544 PMCID: PMC10120794 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.23287616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive enzymatic disorder, particularly prevalent in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. In the US, about 14% of black men are affected. Individuals with G6PD deficiency are often asymptomatic but may develop hemolysis following an infection or upon consumption of specific medications. Despite some evidence that G6PD deficiency affects the immune system, the long- term health risks associated with G6PD deficiency had not been studied in a large population. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, health records from G6PD deficient individuals were compared to matched controls in a national healthcare provider in Israel (Leumit Health Services). Rates of infectious diseases, allergic conditions and autoimmune disorders were compared between groups. RESULTS The cohort included 7,473 G6PD deficient subjects (68.7% men) matched with 29,892 control subjects (4:1 ratio) of the same age, gender, socioeconomic status and ethnic group, followed during 14.3±6.2 years.Significantly increased rates for autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases and allergic conditions were observed throughout this period. Notable increases were observed for rheumatoid arthritis (OR 2.41, p<0.001), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 4.56, p<0.001), scleroderma (OR 6.87, p<0.001), pernicious anemia (OR=18.70, P<0.001), fibromyalgia (OR 1.98, p<0.001), Graves' disease (OR 1.46, P=0.001), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR 1.26, P=0.001). These findings were corroborated with elevated rates of positive autoimmune serology and higher rates of treatment with medications commonly used to treat autoimmune conditions in the G6PD deficient group. CONCLUSION G6PD deficient individuals suffer from higher rates of autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Israel
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6473817, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801 Israel
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David J. Ozeri
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6473817, Israel
- Division of Rheumatology, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6473817, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Ilan Green
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6473817, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801 Israel
| | - Avivit Golan-Cohen
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6473817, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801 Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6473817, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801 Israel
| | - Eli Magen
- Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6473817, Israel
- Medicine A Department, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba 8410501, Israel
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92
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Santarsiero D, Aiello S. The Complement System in Kidney Transplantation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050791. [PMID: 36899927 PMCID: PMC10001167 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the therapy of choice for patients who suffer from end-stage renal diseases. Despite improvements in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive treatments, long-term graft survival remains a challenge. A large body of evidence documented that the complement cascade, a part of the innate immune system, plays a crucial role in the deleterious inflammatory reactions that occur during the transplantation process, such as brain or cardiac death of the donor and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, the complement system also modulates the responses of T cells and B cells to alloantigens, thus playing a crucial role in cellular as well as humoral responses to the allograft, which lead to damage to the transplanted kidney. Since several drugs that are capable of inhibiting complement activation at various stages of the complement cascade are emerging and being developed, we will discuss how these novel therapies could have potential applications in ameliorating outcomes in kidney transplantations by preventing the deleterious effects of ischaemia/reperfusion injury, modulating the adaptive immune response, and treating antibody-mediated rejection.
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93
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Somadder PD, Hossain MA, Ahsan A, Sultana T, Soikot SH, Rahman MM, Ibrahim SM, Ahmed K, Bui FM. Drug Repurposing and Systems Biology approaches of Enzastaurin can target potential biomarkers and critical pathways in Colorectal Cancer. Comput Biol Med 2023; 155:106630. [PMID: 36774894 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a severe health concern that results from a cocktail of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental abnormalities. Because it is the second most lethal malignancy in the world and the third-most common malignant tumor, but the treatment is unavailable. The goal of the current study was to use bioinformatics and systems biology techniques to determine the pharmacological mechanism underlying putative important genes and linked pathways in early-onset CRC. Computer-aided methods were used to uncover similar biological targets and signaling pathways associated with CRC, along with bioinformatics and network pharmacology techniques to assess the effects of enzastaurin on CRC. The KEGG and gene ontology (GO) pathway analysis revealed several significant pathways including in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation, negative regulation of the apoptotic process, nucleus, nucleoplasm, protein tyrosine kinase activity, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, focal adhesion, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and Rap1 signaling pathway. Later, the hub protein module identified from the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) network, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation represented that enzastaurin showed strong binding interaction with two hub proteins including CASP3 (-8.6 kcal/mol), and MCL1 (-8.6 kcal/mol), which were strongly implicated in CRC management than other the five hub proteins. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic features of enzastaurin revealed that it is an effective therapeutic agent with minimal adverse effects. Enzastaurin may inhibit the potential biological targets that are thought to be responsible for the advancement of CRC and this study suggests a potential novel therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratul Dipta Somadder
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1092, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Arju Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1092, Bangladesh.
| | - Asif Ahsan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1092, Bangladesh.
| | - Tayeba Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1092, Bangladesh.
| | - Sadat Hossain Soikot
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1092, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Masuder Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1092, Bangladesh.
| | - Sobhy M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kawsar Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada; Group of Biophotomatiχ, Department of Information and Communication Technology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh.
| | - Francis M Bui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada.
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94
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The pseudokinase NRBP1 activates Rac1/Cdc42 via P-Rex1 to drive oncogenic signalling in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:833-847. [PMID: 36693952 PMCID: PMC10005955 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have determined that expression of the pseudokinase NRBP1 positively associates with poor prognosis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and is required for efficient migration, invasion and proliferation of TNBC cells in culture as well as growth of TNBC orthotopic xenografts and experimental metastasis. Application of BioID/MS profiling identified P-Rex1, a known guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1, as a NRBP1 binding partner. Importantly, NRBP1 overexpression enhanced levels of GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42 in a P-Rex1-dependent manner, while NRBP1 knockdown reduced their activation. In addition, NRBP1 associated with P-Rex1, Rac1 and Cdc42, suggesting a scaffolding function for this pseudokinase. NRBP1-mediated promotion of cell migration and invasion was P-Rex1-dependent, while constitutively-active Rac1 rescued the effect of NRBP1 knockdown on cell proliferation and invasion. Generation of reactive oxygen species via a NRBP1/P-Rex1 pathway was implicated in these oncogenic roles of NRBP1. Overall, these findings define a new function for NRBP1 and a novel oncogenic signalling pathway in TNBC that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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95
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Soghli N, Yousefi H, Naderi T, Fallah A, Moshksar A, Darbeheshti F, Vittori C, Delavar MR, Zare A, Rad HS, Kazemi A, Bitaraf A, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jamali E. NRF2 signaling pathway: A comprehensive prognostic and gene expression profile analysis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154341. [PMID: 36739754 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women and a major public health concern. NRF2 axis is a cellular protector signaling pathway protecting both normal and cancer cells from oxidative damage. NRF2 is a transcription factor that binds to the gene promoters containing antioxidant response element-like sequences. In this report, differential expression of NRF2 signaling pathway elements, as well as the correlation of NRF2 pathway mRNAs with various clinicopathologic characteristics, including molecular subtypes, tumor grade, tumor stage, and methylation status, has been investigated in breast cancer using METABRIC and TCGA datasets. In the current report, our findings revealed the deregulation of several NRF2 signaling elements in breast cancer patients. Moreover, there were negative correlations between the methylation of NRF2 genes and mRNA expression. The expression of NRF2 genes significantly varied between different breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, substantial deregulation of NRF2 signaling components suggests an important role of these genes in breast cancer. Because of the clear associations between mRNA expression and methylation status, DNA methylation could be one of the mechanisms that regulate the NRF2 pathway in breast cancer. Differential expression of Hippo genes among various breast cancer molecular subtypes suggests that NRF2 signaling may function differently in different subtypes of breast cancer. Our data also highlights an interesting link between NRF2 components' transcription and tumor grade/stage in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Soghli
- Babol University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tohid Naderi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Fallah
- Department of hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Moshksar
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Interventional Radiology, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zare
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Sadeghi Rad
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Abtin Kazemi
- Fasa University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Elena Jamali
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Su SC, Hsin CH, Lu YT, Chuang CY, Ho YT, Yeh FL, Yang SF, Lin CW. EF-24, a Curcumin Analog, Inhibits Cancer Cell Invasion in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Transcriptional Suppression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051552. [PMID: 36900342 PMCID: PMC10000445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a main cause of failure in treating subjects with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and is frequently linked to high death rates. EF-24, an analog of curcumin, has exhibited many anti-cancer properties and enhanced bioavailability over curcumin. Nevertheless, the effects of EF-24 on the invasiveness of NPC are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that EF-24 effectively inhibited TPA-induced motility and invasion responses of human NPC cells but elicited very limited cytotoxicity. In addition, the TPA-induced activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a crucial mediator of cancer dissemination, were found to be reduced in EF-24-treated cells. Our reporter assays revealed that such a reduction in MMP-9 expression by EF-24 was transcriptionally mediated by NF-κB via impeding its nuclear translocation. Further chromatin immunoprecipitation assays displayed that the EF-24 treatment decreased the TPA-induced interaction of NF-κB with the MMP-9 promoter in NPC cells. Moreover, EF-24 inhibited the activation of JNK in TPA-treated NPC cells, and the treatment of EF-24 together with a JNK inhibitor showed a synergistic effect on suppressing TPA-induced invasion responses and MMP-9 activities in NPC cells. Taken together, our data demonstrated that EF-24 restrained the invasiveness of NPC cells through the transcriptional suppression of MMP-9 gene expression, implicating the usefulness of curcumin or its analogs in controlling the spread of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Hsin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ling Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (C.-W.L.)
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Lucena-Neto FD, Falcão LFM, Moraes ECDS, David JPF, Vieira-Junior ADS, Silva CC, de Sousa JR, Duarte MIS, Vasconcelos PFDC, Quaresma JAS. Dengue fever ophthalmic manifestations: A review and update. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2422. [PMID: 36658757 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever, the most common arbovirus disease, affects an estimated 390 million people annually. Dengue virus (DENV) is an RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family with four different serotypes. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is the deadliest form of dengue infection and is characterised by thrombocytopaenia, hypotension, and the possibility of multi-system organ failure. The mechanism hypothesised for DENV viral replication is intrinsic antibody-dependent enhancement, which refers to Fcγ receptor-mediated viral amplification. This hypothesis suggests that the internalisation of DENV through the Fcγ receptor inhibits antiviral genes by suppressing type-1 interferon-mediated antiviral responses. DENV NS1 antibodies can promote the release of various inflammatory mediators in the nuclear transcription factor pathway (NF-κB-dependent), including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. As a result, MCP-1 increases ICAM-1 expression and facilitates leukocyte transmigration. In addition, anti-DENV NS1 antibodies induce endothelial cell apoptosis via a nitric oxide-regulated pathway. A chain reaction involving pre-existing DENV heterotypic antibodies and innate immune cells causes dysfunction in complement system activity and contributes to the action of autoantibodies and anti-endothelial cells, resulting in endothelial cell dysfunction, blood-retinal barrier breakdown, haemorrhage, and plasma leakage. A spectrum of ocular diseases associated with DENV infection, ranging from haemorrhagic to inflammatory manifestations, has been reported in the literature. Although rare, ophthalmic manifestations can occur in both the anterior and posterior segments and are usually associated with thrombocytopenia. The most common ocular complication is haemorrhage. However, ophthalmic complications, such as anterior uveitis and vasculitis, suggest an immune-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
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98
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Son SY, Choi JH, Kim EB, Yin J, Seonu SY, Jin SY, Oh JY, Lee MW. Chemopreventive Activity of Ellagitannins from Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Komarov Leaves on Prostate Cancer Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1047. [PMID: 36903908 PMCID: PMC10005130 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that compounds from Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Komarov leaves (APL) display potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among older men, and DNA methylation is associated with PCa progression. This study aimed to investigate the chemopreventive activities of the compounds which were isolated from APL on prostate cancer cells and elucidate the mechanisms of these compounds in relation to DNA methylation. One novel ellagitannin [komaniin (14)] and thirteen other known compounds, including glucose derivatives [ethyl-β-D-glucopyranose (3) and (4R)-p-menth-1-ene-7,8-diol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4)], one phenylpropanoid [junipetrioloside A (5)], three phenolic acid derivatives [ellagic acid-4-β-D-xylopyranoside (1), 4-O-galloyl-quinic acid (2), and gallic acid (8)], two flavonoids [quercetin (11) and kaempferol (12)], and five hydrolysable tannins [geraniin (6), punicafolin (7), granatin B (9), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), and mallotusinic acid (13)] were isolated from APL. The hydrolyzable tannins (6, 7, 9, 10, 13, and 14) showed potent anti-PCa proliferative and apoptosis-promoting activities. Among the compounds, the ellagitannins in the dehydrohexahydroxydiphenoyl (DHHDP) group (6, 9, 13, and 14), the novel compound 14 showed the most potent inhibitory activity on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1, 3a and 3b) and glutathione S-transferase P1 methyl removing and re-expression activities. Thus, our results suggested that the ellagitannins (6, 9, 13, and 14) isolated from APL could be a promising treatment option for PCa.
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99
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C-Reactive Protein Levels Are Associated with Complement C4 Deposits and Interstitial Arteritis in ANCA-Associated Renal Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043072. [PMID: 36834488 PMCID: PMC9959037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a potentially life-threatening systemic small-vessel vasculitis that is characterized by pauci-immune glomerulonephritis in case of kidney involvement, representing a major denominator of AAV mortality. Innate immunity with complement system activation is increasingly recognized in the pathogenesis of AAV and as an attractive therapeutic target. Although C-reactive protein (CRP) was thought to be a passive, nonspecific marker of inflammation, recent studies indicate that CRP plays a key role in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogens and altered self-determinants. Elevated baseline CRP at disease onset of AAV has already been described as a determinant of poor long-term outcomes. However, its clinical implications at disease onset of AAV, with respect to vasculitis manifestations and complement system activation that might also affect long-term outcomes, remain elusive. CRP levels were retrospectively analyzed in 53 kidney-biopsy-confirmed cases of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis; a total of 138 disease controls were also evaluated. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed on clinicopathological parameters associated with CRP levels in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. Results: Compared to disease controls, CRP elevation was common in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis and associated with de novo disease (p = 0.0169), critical illness (p = 0.0346), and severe deterioration of kidney function (p = 0.0167), independent of extrarenal disease manifestations. As confirmed by multiple regression analysis, CRP levels were correlated with active lesions predominated by interstitial arteritis in renal vasculitis, specifically with MPO-ANCA seropositivity (p = 0.0017). Based on analysis of systemic complement system activation and intrarenal complement deposits, CRP elevation was correlated specifically with complement C4 deposits in interstitial arteries in the subgroup with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA seropositivity (p = 0.039). Finally, this association was independent of systemic complement system activation, as reflected by the consumption of respective complement components. Here, we expand our current understanding of CRP in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis not only as an inflammatory marker, but potentially also as being involved in the pathogenesis of kidney injury by interaction with the complement system.
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100
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Wanjari UR, Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV, Murali R, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Ganesan R. Role of Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:183. [PMID: 36837801 PMCID: PMC9962346 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the common cause of death in men. The pathophysiological factors contributing to PCa are not well known. PCa cells gain a protective mechanism via abnormal lipid signaling and metabolism. PCa cells modify their metabolism in response to an excessive intake of nutrients to facilitate advancement. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is inextricably linked to the carcinogenic progression of PCa, which heightens the severity of the disease. It is hypothesized that changes in the metabolism of the mitochondria contribute to the onset of PCa. The studies of particular alterations in the progress of PCa are best accomplished by examining the metabolome of prostate tissue. Due to the inconsistent findings written initially, additional epidemiological research is required to identify whether or not MetS is an aspect of PCa. There is a correlation between several risk factors and the progression of PCa, one of which is MetS. The metabolic symbiosis between PCa cells and the tumor milieu and how this type of crosstalk may aid in the development of PCa is portrayed in this work. This review focuses on in-depth analysis and evaluation of the metabolic changes that occur within PCa, and also aims to assess the effect of metabolic abnormalities on the aggressiveness status and metabolism of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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