99951
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Brewitz A, Eickhoff S, Dähling S, Quast T, Bedoui S, Kroczek RA, Kurts C, Garbi N, Barchet W, Iannacone M, Klauschen F, Kolanus W, Kaisho T, Colonna M, Germain RN, Kastenmüller W. CD8 + T Cells Orchestrate pDC-XCR1 + Dendritic Cell Spatial and Functional Cooperativity to Optimize Priming. Immunity 2017; 46:205-19. [PMID: 28190711 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive cellular immunity is initiated by antigen-specific interactions between T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) support antiviral immunity by linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Here we examined pDC spatiotemporal dynamics during viral infection to uncover when, where, and how they exert their functions. We found that pDCs accumulated at sites of CD8+ T cell antigen-driven activation in a CCR5-dependent fashion. Furthermore, activated CD8+ T cells orchestrated the local recruitment of lymph node-resident XCR1 chemokine receptor-expressing DCs via secretion of the XCL1 chemokine. Functionally, this CD8+ T cell-mediated reorganization of the local DC network allowed for the interaction and cooperation of pDCs and XCR1+ DCs, thereby optimizing XCR1+ DC maturation and cross-presentation. These data support a model in which CD8+ T cells upon activation create their own optimal priming microenvironment by recruiting additional DC subsets to the site of initial antigen recognition.
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99952
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Newmark H, Dantoft W, Ghazal P. Evolutionary Origin of the Interferon-Immune Metabolic Axis: The Sterol-Vitamin D Link. Front Immunol 2017; 8:62. [PMID: 28232830 PMCID: PMC5298971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate animals, the sterol metabolic network is emerging as a central player in immunity and inflammation. Upon infection, flux in the network is acutely moderated by the interferon (IFN) response through direct molecular and bi-directional communications. How sterol metabolism became linked to IFN control and for what purpose is not obvious. Here, we deliberate on the origins of these connections based on a systematic review of the literature. A narrative synthesis of publications that met eligibility criteria allowed us to trace an evolutionary path and functional connections between cholesterol metabolism and immunity. The synthesis supports an ancestral link between toxic levels of cholesterol-like products and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR is an ancient nuclear hormone receptor that was originally involved in the recognition and detoxification of xenobiotic marine biotoxins exhibiting planar sterol ring scaffolds present in aquatic environments. Coadaptation of this receptor with the acquisition of sterol biosynthesis and IFNs in vertebrate animals set a stage for repurposing and linking a preexisting host-protection mechanism of harmful xenobiotics to become an important regulator in three key interlinked biological processes: bone development, immunity, and calcium homeostasis. We put forward the hypothesis that sterol metabolites, especially oxysterols, have acted as evolutionary drivers in immunity and may represent the first example of small-molecule metabolites linked to the adaptive coevolution and diversification of host metabolic and immune regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Newmark
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Widad Dantoft
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
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99953
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Leist M, Sünder CA, Drube S, Zimmermann C, Geldmacher A, Metz M, Dudeck A, Maurer M. Membrane-bound stem cell factor is the major but not only driver of fibroblast-induced murine skin mast cell differentiation. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:255-262. [PMID: 27619074 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance and modulation of cutaneous mast cell (MC) numbers is held to be important for skin immune responses to allergens and pathogens. The increase in MC numbers in the skin is achieved by proliferation and the differentiation of precursor to mature MCs. Fibroblast-derived SCF is thought to be the major skin MC growth factor and it potently induces MC proliferation. The mechanisms of fibroblast-induced skin MC differentiation, including the role of SCF, however, remain insufficiently characterized and understood. Using cocultures of immature murine MCs and fibroblasts, we found that the adhesion of immature MCs to fibroblasts via VCAM-1 and α4 β7 integrin is very important for subsequent differentiation, which is driven by fibroblast membrane-bound SCF and additional fibroblast-derived membrane-bound signals. Thus, our results show that fibroblast-induced MC differentiation is induced by direct cell-cell contact and involves both Kit-dependent and Kit-independent pathways. Our findings add to the understanding of how immature mast cells mature in murine skin and encourage further analyses of the underlying mechanisms, which may result in novel targets for the modulation of skin mast cell driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Leist
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathleen Annett Sünder
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum, Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Zimmermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Geldmacher
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Metz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Institute for Immunology, University of Technology Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl-Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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99954
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Navarro J, Gozalbo-López B, Méndez AC, Dantzer F, Schreiber V, Martínez C, Arana DM, Farrés J, Revilla-Nuin B, Bueno MF, Ampurdanés C, Galindo-Campos MA, Knobel PA, Segura-Bayona S, Martin-Caballero J, Stracker TH, Aparicio P, Del Val M, Yélamos J. PARP-1/PARP-2 double deficiency in mouse T cells results in faulty immune responses and T lymphomas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41962. [PMID: 28181505 PMCID: PMC5299517 DOI: 10.1038/srep41962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of T-cell homeostasis must be tightly regulated. Here, we have identified a coordinated role of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and PARP-2 in maintaining T-lymphocyte number and function. Mice bearing a T-cell specific deficiency of PARP-2 in a PARP-1-deficient background showed defective thymocyte maturation and diminished numbers of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Meanwhile, peripheral T-cell number was not affected in single PARP-1 or PARP-2-deficient mice. T-cell lymphopenia was associated with dampened in vivo immune responses to synthetic T-dependent antigens and virus, increased DNA damage and T-cell death. Moreover, double-deficiency in PARP-1/PARP-2 in T-cells led to highly aggressive T-cell lymphomas with long latency. Our findings establish a coordinated role of PARP-1 and PARP-2 in T-cell homeostasis that might impact on the development of PARP-centred therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gozalbo-López
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea C Méndez
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, UMR7242-CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, UMR7242-CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, Illkirch, France
| | - Carlos Martínez
- Experimental Pathology Unit, IMIB-LAIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M Arana
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Farrés
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Revilla-Nuin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Genomic Unit. IMIB-LAIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María F Bueno
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Ampurdanés
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Galindo-Campos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip A Knobel
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Segura-Bayona
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Travis H Stracker
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Aparicio
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Margarita Del Val
- Inmunología Viral, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Yélamos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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99955
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Yang Y, Xu J, Chen H, Fei X, Tang Y, Yan Y, Zhang H, Zhang J. MiR-128-2 inhibits common lymphoid progenitors from developing into progenitor B cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:17520-31. [PMID: 27008703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of studies revealed that B cell development is finely regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Recent studies suggested that TFs are coordinated with microRNAs to control the development of B cells in numerous checkpoints. In the present study, we first found that miR-128-2 was differentially expressed in various immune organs and immunocytes. B cell development was inhibited in miR-128-2-overexpressed chimera and transgenic (TG) mice in bone marrow with decreased preproB, preB, proB, immature B, and recirculating B cells, as well as increased common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). Further experiments showed that the apoptosis of CLP decreased, but proliferation was not altered in miR-128-2-overexpressed mice. Extensive studies suggested that the inhibition of apoptosis of CLP may be caused by miR-128-2 targeting A2B and MALT1, thereby increasing the phosphorylation of ERK and P38 MAPK. Such findings have prompted future investigations on the function of miR-128-2 in lymph genesis.
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99956
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Picarda E, Bézie S, Boucault L, Autrusseau E, Kilens S, Meistermann D, Martinet B, Daguin V, Donnart A, Charpentier E, David L, Anegon I, Guillonneau C. Transient antibody targeting of CD45RC induces transplant tolerance and potent antigen-specific regulatory T cells. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90088. [PMID: 28194440 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat and human CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs expressing low levels of CD45RC have strong immunoregulatory properties. We describe here that human CD45 isoforms are nonredundant and identify distinct subsets of cells. We show that CD45RC is not expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ Foxp3+ Tregs, while CD45RA/RB/RO are. Transient administration of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting CD45RC in a rat cardiac allotransplantation model induced transplant tolerance associated with inhibition of allogeneic humoral responses but maintained primary and memory responses against cognate antigens. Anti-CD45RC mAb induced rapid death of CD45RChigh T cells through intrinsic cell signaling but preserved and potentiated CD4+ and CD8+ CD45RClow/- Tregs, which are able to adoptively transfer donor-specific tolerance to grafted recipients. Anti-CD45RC treatment results in distinct transcriptional signature of CD4+ and CD8+ CD45RClow/- Tregs. Finally, we demonstrate that anti-human CD45RC treatment inhibited graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in immune-humanized NSG mice. Thus, short-term anti-CD45RC is a potent therapeutic candidate to induce transplantation tolerance in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Picarda
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Bézie
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Boucault
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Elodie Autrusseau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Kilens
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Dimitri Meistermann
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Martinet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Daguin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Donnart
- INSERM UMR1087, CNRS UMR6291, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Eric Charpentier
- INSERM UMR1087, CNRS UMR6291, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent David
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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99957
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Nosalski R, Guzik TJ. Perivascular adipose tissue inflammation in vascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3496-3513. [PMID: 28063251 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. In vascular pathologies, perivascular adipose tissue increases in volume and becomes dysfunctional, with altered cellular composition and molecular characteristics. PVAT dysfunction is characterized by its inflammatory character, oxidative stress, diminished production of vaso-protective adipocyte-derived relaxing factors and increased production of paracrine factors such as resistin, leptin, cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokines [RANTES (CCL5) and MCP-1 (CCL2)]. These adipocyte-derived factors initiate and orchestrate inflammatory cell infiltration including primarily T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and NK cells. Protective factors such as adiponectin can reduce NADPH oxidase superoxide production and increase NO bioavailability in the vessel wall, while inflammation (e.g. IFN-γ or IL-17) induces vascular oxidases and eNOS dysfunction in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts. All of these events link the dysfunctional perivascular fat to vascular dysfunction. These mechanisms are important in the context of a number of cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Inflammatory changes in PVAT's molecular and cellular responses are uniquely different from classical visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue or from adventitia, emphasizing the unique structural and functional features of this adipose tissue compartment. Therefore, it is essential to develop techniques for monitoring the characteristics of PVAT and assessing its inflammation. This will lead to a better understanding of the early stages of vascular pathologies and the development of new therapeutic strategies focusing on perivascular adipose tissue. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Nosalski
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
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99958
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Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid neogenesis often occurs in the target tissues of patients with chronic rheumatic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome and other connective tissue disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus and myositis. However, the mechanisms of ectopic lymphoid-like structure (ELS) formation and function are not entirely understood. For example, it is unclear whether ELSs indicate distinct disease phenotypes or whether they are evolutionary manifestations of chronic inflammation. Also unclear is why ELSs form in some patients but not in others. Nonetheless, ELSs frequently display functional features of ectopic germinal centres and can actively contribute to the maintenance of autoimmunity through the production of disease-specific autoantibodies; furthermore, they seem to influence disease severity and response to both synthetic and biologic DMARDs. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge and gaps in understanding of ELS formation and function including their prevalence in the above rheumatic autoimmune diseases; the mechanisms underlying their formation, maintenance and function, including positive and negative regulatory pathways; their functional relevance in the perpetuation of autoimmunity; their relationship with disease phenotypes, clinical outcomes and response to treatment; and the potential for specific targeting of ELSs through novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Myles Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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99959
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Smulski CR, Decossas M, Chekkat N, Beyrath J, Willen L, Guichard G, Lorenzetti R, Rizzi M, Eibel H, Schneider P, Fournel S. Hetero-oligomerization between the TNF receptor superfamily members CD40, Fas and TRAILR2 modulate CD40 signalling. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2601. [PMID: 28182009 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TNF receptor superfamily members (TNFRSF) such as CD40, Fas and TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAILR2) participate to the adaptive immune response by eliciting survival, proliferation, differentiation and/or cell death signals. The balance between these signals determines the fate of the immune response. It was previously reported that these receptors are able to self-assemble in the absence of ligand through their extracellular regions. However, the role of this oligomerization is not well understood, and none of the proposed hypotheses take into account potential hetero-association of receptors. Using CD40 as bait in a flow cytometry Förster resonance energy transfer assay, TNFRSF members with known functions in B cells were probed for interactions. Both Fas and TRAILR2 associated with CD40. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the interaction of CD40 with Fas at the endogenous levels in a BJAB B-cell lymphoma cell line deficient for TRAILR2. TRAILR2-expressing BJAB cells displayed a robust CD40–TRAILR2 interaction at the expense of the CD40–Fas interaction. The same results were obtained by proximity ligation assay, using TRAILR2-positive and -negative BJAB cells and primary human B cells. Expression of the extracellular domains of Fas or TRAILR2 with a glycolipid membrane anchor specifically reduced the intrinsic signalling pathway of CD40 in 293T cells. Conversely, BJAB cells lacking endogenous Fas or TRAILR2 showed an increased NF-κB response to CD40L. Finally, upregulation of TRAILR2 in primary human B cells correlated with reduced NF-κB activation and reduced proliferation in response to CD40L. Altogether, these data reveal that selective interactions between different TNFRSF members may modulate ligand-induced responses upstream signalling events.
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99960
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Nystrand M, Cassidy EJ, Dowling DK. No effect of mitochondrial genotype on reproductive plasticity following exposure to a non-infectious pathogen challenge in female or male Drosophila. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42009. [PMID: 28181526 PMCID: PMC5299430 DOI: 10.1038/srep42009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genetic variation shapes the expression of life-history traits associated with reproduction, development and survival, and has also been associated with the prevalence and progression of infectious bacteria and viruses in humans. The breadth of these effects on multifaceted components of health, and their link to disease susceptibility, led us to test whether variation across mitochondrial haplotypes affected reproductive success following an immune challenge in the form of a non-infectious pathogen. We test this, by challenging male and female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), harbouring each of three distinct mitochondrial haplotypes in an otherwise standardized genetic background, to either a mix of heat-killed bacteria, or a procedural control, prior to measuring their subsequent reproductive performance. The effect of the pathogen challenge on reproductive success did not differ across mitochondrial haplotypes; thus there was no evidence that patterns of reproductive plasticity were modified by the mitochondrial genotype following a non-infectious pathogen exposure. We discuss the implications of our data, and suggest future research avenues based on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nystrand
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - E J Cassidy
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Department of Plant and Organismal Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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99961
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Steiner EM, Schneider G, Schnell R. Binding and processing of β‐lactam antibiotics by the transpeptidase Ldt
Mt2
from
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEBS J 2017; 284:725-741. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Steiner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gunter Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Robert Schnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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99962
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Wang Z, Lu Q, Wang Z. Epigenetic Alterations in Cellular Immunity: New Insights into Autoimmune Diseases. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:645-660. [PMID: 28214857 DOI: 10.1159/000457944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is an additional regulator in immune responses as the genome-wide profiling somehow fails to explain the sophisticated mechanisms in autoimmune diseases. The effect of epigenetic modifications on adaptive immunity derives from their regulations to induce a permissive or negative gene expression. Epigenetic events, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) are often found in T cell activation, differentiation and commitment which are the major parts in cellular immunity. Recognizing the complexity of interactions between epigenetic mechanisms and immune disturbance in autoimmune diseases is essential for the exploration of efficient therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize a list of studies that indicate the significance of dysregulated epigenetic modifications in autoimmune diseases while focusing on T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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99963
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Uddin MM, Ohigashi I, Motosugi R, Nakayama T, Sakata M, Hamazaki J, Nishito Y, Rode I, Tanaka K, Takemoto T, Murata S, Takahama Y. Foxn1-β5t transcriptional axis controls CD8 + T-cell production in the thymus. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14419. [PMID: 28176764 PMCID: PMC5309848 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is an organ that produces functionally competent T cells that protect us from pathogens and malignancies. Foxn1 is a transcription factor that is essential for thymus organogenesis; however, the direct target for Foxn1 to actuate thymic T-cell production is unknown. Here we show that a Foxn1-binding cis-regulatory element promotes the transcription of β5t, which has an essential role in cortical thymic epithelial cells to induce positive selection of functionally competent CD8+ T cells. A point mutation in this genome element results in a defect in β5t expression and CD8+ T-cell production in mice. The results reveal a Foxn1-β5t transcriptional axis that governs CD8+ T-cell production in the thymus. Foxn1 is involved in thymic epithelial cell (TEC) and CD8+ T cell development. Here the authors show this development requires Foxn1 binding proximal to, and inducing transcription of, the gene encoding β5t in cortical TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Myn Uddin
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryo Motosugi
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mie Sakata
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Hamazaki
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Core Technology and Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Immanuel Rode
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Laboratory for Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murata
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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99964
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Remesh SG, Andreatta M, Ying G, Kaever T, Nielsen M, McMurtrey C, Hildebrand W, Peters B, Zajonc DM. Unconventional Peptide Presentation by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I Allele HLA-A*02:01: BREAKING CONFINEMENT. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5262-5270. [PMID: 28179428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins initiates CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against pathogens and cancers. MHC I molecules typically bind peptides with 9 amino acids in length with both ends tucked inside the major A and F binding pockets. It has been known for a while that longer peptides can also bind by either bulging out of the groove in the middle of the peptide or by binding in a zigzag fashion inside the groove. In a recent study, we identified an alternative binding conformation of naturally occurring peptides from Toxoplasma gondii bound by HLA-A*02:01. These peptides were extended at the C terminus (PΩ) and contained charged amino acids not more than 3 residues after the anchor amino acid at PΩ, which enabled them to open the F pocket and expose their C-terminal extension into the solvent. Here, we show that the mechanism of F pocket opening is dictated by the charge of the first charged amino acid found within the extension. Although positively charged amino acids result in the Tyr-84 swing, amino acids that are negatively charged induce a not previously described Lys-146 lift. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the peptides with alternative binding modes have properties that fit very poorly to the conventional MHC class I pathway and suggest they are presented via alternative means, potentially including cross-presentation via the MHC class II pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Andreatta
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CP1650 San Martín, Argentina
| | - Ge Ying
- From the Division for Cell Biology and
| | - Thomas Kaever
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CP1650 San Martín, Argentina.,Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, The Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Curtis McMurtrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.,Pure MHC LLC, Austin, Texas 78229, and
| | - William Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.,Pure MHC LLC, Austin, Texas 78229, and
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- From the Division for Cell Biology and .,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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99965
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Bennett CJ, Truby H, Zia Z, Cain SW, Blumfield ML. Investigating the relationship between sleep and macronutrient intake in women of childbearing age. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:712-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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99966
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Abstract
The adaptive immune system is able to detect and destroy cells that are malignantly transformed or infected by intracellular pathogens. Specific immune responses against these cells are elicited by antigenic peptides that are presented on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules and recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes at the cell surface. Since these MHC I-presented peptides are generated in the cytosol by proteasomal protein degradation, they can be metaphorically described as a window providing immune cells with insights into the state of the cellular proteome. A crucial element of MHC I antigen presentation is the peptide-loading complex (PLC), a multisubunit machinery, which contains as key constituents the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and the MHC I-specific chaperone tapasin (Tsn). While TAP recognizes and shuttles the cytosolic antigenic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Tsn samples peptides in the ER for their ability to form stable complexes with MHC I, a process called peptide proofreading or peptide editing. Through its selection of peptides that improve MHC I stability, Tsn contributes to the hierarchy of immunodominant peptide epitopes. Despite the fact that it concerns a key event in adaptive immunity, insights into the catalytic mechanism of peptide proofreading carried out by Tsn have only lately been gained via biochemical, biophysical, and structural studies. Furthermore, a Tsn homolog called TAP-binding protein-related (TAPBPR) has only recently been demonstrated to function as a second MHC I-specific chaperone and peptide proofreader. Although TAPBPR is PLC-independent and has a distinct allomorph specificity, it is likely to share a common catalytic mechanism with Tsn. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the multivalent protein–protein interactions and the concomitant dynamic molecular processes underlying peptide-proofreading catalysis. We do not only derive a model that highlights the common mechanistic principles shared by the MHC I editors Tsn and TAPBPR, and the MHC II editor HLA-DM, but also illustrate the distinct quality control strategies employed by these chaperones to sample epitopes. Unraveling the mechanistic underpinnings of catalyzed peptide proofreading will be crucial for a thorough understanding of many aspects of immune recognition, from infection control and tumor immunity to autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
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99967
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Heidenreich S, Kröger N. Reduction of Relapse after Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation by KIR-Based Graft Selection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:41. [PMID: 28228753 PMCID: PMC5296332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides donor T cells, natural killer (NK) cells are considered to have a major role in preventing relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). After T-cell-depleted haploidentical HSCT, a strong NK alloreactivity has been described. These effects have been attributed to killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Abundant reports suggest a major role of KIR not only on outcome after haploidentical HSCT but also in the unrelated donor setting. In this review, we give a brief overview of the mechanism of NK cell activation, nomenclature of KIR haplotypes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) groups, and distinct models for prediction of NK cell alloreactivity. It can be concluded that KIR-ligand mismatch seems to provoke adverse effects in unrelated donor HSCT with reduced overall survival and increased risk for high-grade acute graft-versus-host disease. The presence of activating KIR, as seen in KIR haplotype B, as well as the patient’s HLA C1/x haplotype might reduce relapse in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Heidenreich
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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99968
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The GI-tract is a major target for both the intensive chemo and/or radiotherapy conditioning as well as for GVHD and therefore is closely associated with transplant outcome. Apart from being a target, the GI-tract is also a mediator and therefore is also a key player of the pathogenetic process following allogeneic transplantation. Areas covered: The intestinal homeostasis is regulated through complicated interactions between the key players of this process which are the intestinal epithelium, the intestinal immune system, and the intestinal microbiota. A brief description of these elements, based on published english-language articles in PubMed, as well as their role during the process of allo-HSCT is discussed in this review. Expert commentary: Data on GI-tract properties suggest a central role for the intestine in regulation of immunity, both in healthy - steady state conditions and in pathological states such as during allo-HSCT. Given the fact that in the allogeneic transplant setting severe complications such as infections and GVHD are limiting this treatment modality, understanding the mechanisms that mediate intestinal homeostasis could lead to new preventive methods and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Pessach
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, ATTIKO University Hospital , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsirigotis
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, ATTIKO University Hospital , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Arnon Nagler
- b Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation , Chaim Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer , Israel
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99969
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Ahluwalia PK, Pandey RK, Sehajpal PK, Prajapati VK. Perturbed microRNA Expression by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Promotes Macrophage Polarization Leading to Pro-survival Foam Cell. Front Immunol 2017; 8:107. [PMID: 28228760 PMCID: PMC5296369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the prevalent causes of death worldwide, with 95% of these deaths occurring in developing countries, like India. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) has the tenacious ability to circumvent the host’s immune system for its own advantage. Macrophages are one of the phagocytic cells that are central to immunity against MTb. These are highly plastic cells dependent on the milieu and can showcase M1/M2 polarization. M1 macrophages are bactericidal in action, but M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory in their immune response. This computational study is an effort to elucidate the role of miRNAs that influences the survival of MTb in the macrophage. To identify the miRNAs against critical transcription factors, we selected only conserved hits from TargetScan database. Further, validation of these miRNAs was achieved using four databases viz. DIANA-microT, miRDB, miRanda-mirSVR, and miRNAMap. All miRNAs were identified through a conserved seed sequence against the 3′-UTR of transcription factors. This bioinformatics study found that miR-27a and miR-27b has a putative binding site at 3′-UTR of IRF4, and miR-302c against IRF5. miR-155, miR-132, and miR-455-5p are predicted microRNAs against suppressor of cytokine signaling transcription factors. Several other microRNAs, which have an affinity for critical transcription factors, are also predicted in this study. This MTb-associated modulation of microRNAs to modify the expression of the target gene(s) plays a critical role in TB pathogenesis. Other than M1/M2 plasticity, MTb has the ability to convert macrophage into foam cells that are rich in lipids and cholesterol. We have highlighted few microRNAs which overlap between M2/foam cell continuums. miR-155, miR-33, miR-27a, and miR-27b plays a dual role in deciding macrophage polarity and its conversion to foam cells. This study shows a glimpse of microRNAs which can be modulated by MTb not only to prevent its elimination but also to promote its survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Ahluwalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar, Punjab , India
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer, Rajasthan , India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Sehajpal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar, Punjab , India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer, Rajasthan , India
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99970
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Yıldırım-Buharalıoğlu G, Bond M, Sala-Newby GB, Hindmarch CCT, Newby AC. Regulation of Epigenetic Modifiers, Including KDM6B, by Interferon-γ and Interleukin-4 in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2017; 8:92. [PMID: 28228757 PMCID: PMC5296311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or interleukin-4 (IL-4) drives widely different transcriptional programs in macrophages. However, how IFN-γ and IL-4 alter expression of histone-modifying enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation and how this affects the resulting phenotypic polarization is incompletely understood. Methods and results We investigated steady-state messenger RNA levels of 84 histone-modifying enzymes and related regulators in colony-stimulating factor-1 differentiated primary human macrophages using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IFN-γ or IL-4 treatment for 6–48 h changed 11 mRNAs significantly. IFN-γ increased CIITA, KDM6B, and NCOA1, and IL-4 also increased KDM6B by 6 h. However, either cytokine decreased AURKB, ESCO2, SETD6, SUV39H1, and WHSC1, whereas IFN-γ alone decreased KAT2A, PRMT7, and SMYD3 mRNAs only after 18 h, which coincided with decreased cell proliferation. Rendering macrophages quiescent by growth factor starvation or adenovirus-mediated overexpression of p27kip1 inhibited expression of AURKB, ESCO2, SUV39H1, and WHSC1, and mRNA levels were restored by overexpressing the S-phase transcription factor E2F1, implying their expression, at least partly, depended on proliferation. However, CIITA, KDM6B, NCOA1, KAT2A, PRMT7, SETD6, and SMYD3 were regulated independently of effects on proliferation. Silencing KDM6B, the only transcriptional activator upregulated by both IFN-γ and IL-4, pharmacologically or with short hairpin RNA, blunted a subset of responses to each cytokine. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that IFN-γ or IL-4 can regulate the expression of histone acetyl transferases and histone methyl transferases independently of effects on proliferation and that upregulation of the histone demethylase, KDM6B, assists phenotypic polarization by both cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Bond
- Chair of Vascular Cell Biology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Graciela B Sala-Newby
- Chair of Vascular Cell Biology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Chair of Vascular Cell Biology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
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99971
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Kocic G, Veljkovic A, Kocic H, Colic M, Mihajlovic D, Tomovic K, Stojanovic S, Smelcerovic A. Depurinized milk downregulates rat thymus MyD88/Akt/p38 function, NF-κB-mediated inflammation, caspase-1 activity but not the endonuclease pathway: in vitro/in vivo study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41971. [PMID: 28176796 DOI: 10.1038/srep41971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the evaluation of 15 days dietary regimen of depurinized (DP) milk (obtained using our patented technological procedures) or 1.5% fat UHT milk instead of standard chow diet, on rat thymus and bone marrow MyD88/Akt/p38, NF-κB, caspase-1 and endonuclease pathways, in relation to peripheral blood cell composition. To determine whether the reduced mass of the thymus is a consequence of the direct effect of DP/UHT milk on apoptosis of thymocytes, in vitro Annexin-V-FITC/PI assay was performed. Significant decreases in the thymus wet weight, thymocyte MyD88, Akt-1/phospho-Akt-1 kinase, p38/phospho-p38, NF-κB, caspase-1 activity and CD4+/CD8+ antigen expression were obtained, especially in the DP milk group. The activity of thymocyte alkaline and acid DNase increased in the DP but not in the UHT milk group. The level of IL-6 significantly decreased in DP milk treated group, while the level of total TGF-β and IL-6 increased in UHT milk group. Significant differences in hematological parameters were obtained in commercial milk fed group. Observed results about prevention of experimental diabetes in DP pretreated groups may suggest that purine compounds, uric acid and other volatile toxic compounds of commercial milk may suppress oral tolerance, probably via IL-6 and TGF-β cytokine effects.
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99972
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Abstract
Cell mediated delivery of synthetic nano- and microparticle based drug carriers is a very promising strategy to enhance control over the distribution of drugs and improve targeting. This article will present an overview of work, which has been done to explore cell surface modification strategies for the cellular hitchhiking of synthetic nano- and microparticles. The first part of this article will present and discuss the different types of cells that have been explored for cell mediated drug delivery. The second part of this review will discuss the various chemical strategies that have been elaborated for the conjugation or immobilization of nano- and microparticles on the surface of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ayer
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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99973
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Rommel PC, Oliveira TY, Nussenzweig MC, Robbiani DF. RAG1/2 induces genomic insertions by mobilizing DNA into RAG1/2-independent breaks. J Exp Med 2017; 214:815-831. [PMID: 28179379 PMCID: PMC5339680 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rommel et al. reveal a novel RAG1/2-mediated insertion pathway, which has the potential to destabilize the lymphocyte genome and shares features with DNA insertions observed in human cancer. The RAG recombinase (RAG1/2) plays an essential role in adaptive immunity by mediating V(D)J recombination in developing lymphocytes. In contrast, aberrant RAG1/2 activity promotes lymphocyte malignancies by causing chromosomal translocations and DNA deletions at cancer genes. RAG1/2 can also induce genomic DNA insertions by transposition and trans-V(D)J recombination, but only few such putative events have been documented in vivo. We used next-generation sequencing techniques to examine chromosomal rearrangements in primary murine B cells and discovered that RAG1/2 causes aberrant insertions by releasing cleaved antibody gene fragments that subsequently reintegrate into DNA breaks induced on a heterologous chromosome. We confirmed that RAG1/2 also mobilizes genomic DNA into independent physiological breaks by identifying similar insertions in human lymphoma and leukemia. Our findings reveal a novel RAG1/2-mediated insertion pathway distinct from DNA transposition and trans-V(D)J recombination that destabilizes the genome and shares features with reported oncogenic DNA insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C Rommel
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Thiago Y Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Davide F Robbiani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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99974
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Nishikaze T, Tsumoto H, Sekiya S, Iwamoto S, Miura Y, Tanaka K. Differentiation of Sialyl Linkage Isomers by One-Pot Sialic Acid Derivatization for Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycan Profiling. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2353-2360. [PMID: 28194959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been used for high-throughput glycan profiling analysis. In spite of the biological importance of sialic acids on nonreducing ends of glycans, it is still difficult to analyze glycans containing sialic acid residues due to their instability and the presence of linkage isomers. In this Article, we describe a one-pot glycan purification/derivatization method employing a newly developed linkage-specific sialic acid derivatization for MS-based glycan profiling with differentiation of sialyl linkage isomer. The derivatization, termed sialic acid linkage specific alkylamidation (SALSA), consists of sequential two-step alkylamidations. As a result of the reactions, α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acids are selectively amidated with different length of alkyl chains, allowing distinction of α2,3-/α2,6-linkage isomers from given mass spectra. Our studies using N-glycan standards with known sialyl linkages proved high suitability of SALSA for reliable relative quantification of α2,3-/α2,6-linked sialic acids compared with existing sialic acid derivatization approaches. SALSA fully stabilizes both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids by alkylamidation; thereby, it became possible to combine SALSA with existing glycan analysis/preparation methods as follows. The combination of SALSA and chemoselective glycan purification using hydrazide beads allows easy one-pot purification of glycans from complex biological samples, together with linkage-specific sialic acid stabilization. Moreover, SALSA-derivatized glycans can be labeled via reductive amination without causing byproducts such as amide decomposition. This solid-phase SALSA followed by glycan labeling has been successfully applied to human plasma N-glycome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikaze
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation , 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology , 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Sadanori Sekiya
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation , 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwamoto
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation , 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology , 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation , 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
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99975
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Jiang M, Zhang WW, Liu P, Yu W, Liu T, Yu J. Dysregulation of SOCS-Mediated Negative Feedback of Cytokine Signaling in Carcinogenesis and Its Significance in Cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:70. [PMID: 28228755 PMCID: PMC5296614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are major negative feedback regulators of cytokine signaling mediated by the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. In particular, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are strong inhibitors of JAKs and can play pivotal roles in the development and progression of cancers. The abnormal expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in cancer cells is associated with the dysregulation of cell growth, migration, and death induced by multiple cytokines and hormones in human carcinomas. In addition, the mechanisms involved in SOCS1- and SOCS3-regulated abnormal development and activation of immune cells in carcinogenesis, including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to further discuss the molecules and signal pathways regulating the expression and function of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in various types of cancers and elucidate the feasibility and efficiency of SOCS-based target therapeutic strategy in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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99976
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Gray J, Oehrle K, Worthen G, Alenghat T, Whitsett J, Deshmukh H. Intestinal commensal bacteria mediate lung mucosal immunity and promote resistance of newborn mice to infection. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaaf9412. [PMID: 28179507 PMCID: PMC5880204 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immature mucosal defenses contribute to increased susceptibility of newborn infants to pathogens. Sparse knowledge of age-dependent changes in mucosal immunity has hampered improvements in neonatal morbidity because of infections. We report that exposure of neonatal mice to commensal bacteria immediately after birth is required for a robust host defense against bacterial pneumonia, the leading cause of death in newborn infants. This crucial window was characterized by an abrupt influx of interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (IL-22+ILC3) into the lungs of newborn mice. This influx was dependent on sensing of commensal bacteria by intestinal mucosal dendritic cells. Disruption of postnatal commensal colonization or selective depletion of dendritic cells interrupted the migratory program of lung IL-22+ILC3 and made the newborn mice more susceptible to pneumonia, which was reversed by transfer of commensal bacteria after birth. Thus, the resistance of newborn mice to pneumonia relied on commensal bacteria-directed ILC3 influx into the lungs, which mediated IL-22-dependent host resistance to pneumonia during this developmental window. These data establish that postnatal colonization by intestinal commensal bacteria is pivotal in the development of the lung defenses of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerilyn Gray
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Katherine Oehrle
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - George Worthen
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Jeffrey Whitsett
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
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99977
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Chen X, Dreskin SC. Application of phage peptide display technology for the study of food allergen epitopes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27995755 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phage peptide display technology has been used to identify IgE-binding mimotopes (mimics of natural epitopes) that mimic conformational epitopes. This approach is effective in the characterization of those epitopes that are important for eliciting IgE-mediated allergic responses by food allergens and those that are responsible for cross-reactivity among allergenic food proteins. Application of this technology will increase our understanding of the mechanisms whereby food allergens elicit allergic reactions, will facilitate the discovery of diagnostic reagents and may lead to mimotope-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Chen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephen C Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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99978
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Wright MD, Binger KJ. Macrophage heterogeneity and renin-angiotensin system disorders. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:445-454. [PMID: 28176018 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous innate immune cells which are important in both the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and its disruption, by promoting tissue inflammation and fibrosis. The renin-angiotensin system is central to the pathophysiology of a large suite of diseases, which are driven in part by large amounts of tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we review recent advances in understanding macrophage heterogeneity in origin and function, and how these may lead to new insights into the pathogenesis of these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Wright
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina J Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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99979
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van der Maten E, de Jonge MI, de Groot R, van der Flier M, Langereis JD. A versatile assay to determine bacterial and host factors contributing to opsonophagocytotic killing in hirudin-anticoagulated whole blood. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42137. [PMID: 28176849 DOI: 10.1038/srep42137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most bacteria entering the bloodstream will be eliminated through complement activation on the bacterial surface and opsonophagocytosis. However, when these protective innate immune systems do not work optimally, or when bacteria are equipped with immune evasion mechanisms that prevent killing, this can lead to serious infections such as bacteremia and meningitis, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In order to study the complement evasion mechanisms of bacteria and the capacity of human blood to opsonize and kill bacteria, we developed a versatile whole blood killing assay wherein both phagocyte function and complement activity can easily be monitored and modulated. In this assay we use a selective thrombin inhibitor hirudin to fully preserve complement activity of whole blood. This assay allows controlled analysis of the requirements for active complement by replacing or heat-inactivating plasma, phagocyte function and bacterial immune evasion mechanisms that contribute to survival in human blood.
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99980
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Röder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - David J. Wales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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99981
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Zhang Y, Su SS, Zhao S, Yang Z, Zhong CQ, Chen X, Cai Q, Yang ZH, Huang D, Wu R, Han J. RIP1 autophosphorylation is promoted by mitochondrial ROS and is essential for RIP3 recruitment into necrosome. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14329. [PMID: 28176780 PMCID: PMC5309790 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death with great significance in many pathological processes. Tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is a prototypic trigger of necroptosis. It is known that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote necroptosis, and that kinase activity of receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is required for TNF-induced necroptosis. However, how ROS function and what RIP1 phosphorylates to promote necroptosis are largely unknown. Here we show that three crucial cysteines in RIP1 are required for sensing ROS, and ROS subsequently activates RIP1 autophosphorylation on serine residue 161 (S161). The major function of RIP1 kinase activity in TNF-induced necroptosis is to autophosphorylate S161. This specific phosphorylation then enables RIP1 to recruit RIP3 and form a functional necrosome, a central controller of necroptosis. Since ROS induction is known to require necrosomal RIP3, ROS therefore function in a positive feedback circuit that ensures effective induction of necroptosis. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote necroptosis and the receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is a key player in this form of cell death. Here, the authors show that cysteine residues in RIP1 sense ROS and oxidation of the cysteines triggers RIP1 autophosphorylation, which promotes functional necrosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Sheng Sean Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shubo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhentao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Qixu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhang-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Deli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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99982
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Abstract
Arthropods, especially ticks and mosquitoes, are the vectors for a number of parasitic and viral human diseases, including malaria, sleeping sickness, Dengue, and Zika, yet arthropods show tremendous individual variation in their capacity to transmit disease. A key factor in this capacity is the group of genetically encoded immune factors that counteract infection by the pathogen. Arthropod-specific pattern recognition receptors and protease cascades detect and respond to infection. Proteins such as antimicrobial peptides, thioester-containing proteins, and transglutaminases effect responses such as lysis, phagocytosis, melanization, and agglutination. Effector responses are initiated by damage signals such as reactive oxygen species signaling from epithelial cells and recognized by cell surface receptors on hemocytes. Antiviral immunity is primarily mediated by siRNA pathways but coupled with interferon-like signaling, antimicrobial peptides, and thioester-containing proteins. Molecular mechanisms of immunity are closely linked to related traits of longevity and fertility, and arthropods have the capacity for innate immunological memory. Advances in understanding vector immunity can be leveraged to develop novel control strategies for reducing the rate of transmission of both ancient and emerging threats to global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H G Baxter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Alicia Contet
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Kathryn Krueger
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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99983
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Chen Y, Salem M, Boyd M, Bornholdt J, Li Y, Coskun M, Seidelin JB, Sandelin A, Nielsen OH. Relation between NOD2 genotype and changes in innate signaling in Crohn's disease on mRNA and miRNA levels. NPJ Genom Med 2017; 2:3. [PMID: 29263823 PMCID: PMC5642384 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-016-0001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease is associated with an altered innate immune response of pathogenic importance. This altered response can be associated to loss-of-function polymorphisms in the NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2) gene, but also changes in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory layers, including microRNA activity. Here, we characterized the link between NOD2 genotype and inflammatory-mediated changes in innate signaling by studying transcriptional and post-transcriptional activity in response to NOD2-agonist muramyl dipeptide in monocytes from healthy controls, and Crohn’s disease patients with and without NOD2 loss-of-function polymorphisms. We measured the expression of genes and microRNAs in monocytes from these subjects after stimulation with muramyl dipeptide. Gene expression profiles mainly distinguished the actual muramyl dipeptide response, but not the genotype. A hyper-responsive phenotype was found in Crohn’s disease patients without NOD2 mutations, characterized by upregulated cytokine receptors and general downregulation of microRNA expression. Conversely, microRNA expression could identify genotype-specific differences between subject groups but exhibited little change upon muramyl dipeptide treatment. Only two microRNAs showed muramyl dipeptide-induced response, including miR-155, which was found to regulate multiple genes and whose host gene was one of the highest muramyl dipeptide responders. miR-155 was upregulated in Crohn’s disease patients with NOD2 mutations following lipopolysaccharide and Escherichia coli treatment, but the upregulation was substantially reduced upon muramyl dipeptide treatment. While Crohn’s disease patients with NOD2 mutations on average showed a reduced muramyl dipeptide response, the cohort exhibited large individual variance: a small subset had inflammatory responses almost comparable to wild-type patients on both gene and miR-155 regulatory levels. The genetics of people with Crohn’s disease affects the molecular drivers of their dysregulated immune responses. Some individuals with Crohn’s harbor mutations in the NOD2 gene, which encodes a pathogen recognition receptor that binds to a molecule called muramyl dipeptide (MDP). To better understand how alternations in NOD2 can lead to increased susceptibility to gut inflammation, Yun Chen, Mohammad Salem and colleagues from the University of Copenhagen and Herlev Hospital, Denmark, analyzed the expression patterns of both genes and small, regulatory microRNAs in blood cells from healthy controls and from Crohn’s patients with and without NOD2 mutations. They exposed the cells to MDP, and saw that although gene acticity changed dramatically as a response, there was little difference between subjects, regardless of genetics. Conversely, microRNA expression showed genotype-specific differences that weren not impacted by MDP treatment. The findings underscore the importance of microRNAs in Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Salem
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mette Boyd
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette Bornholdt
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Coskun
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Albin Sandelin
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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99984
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Abstract
Diabetes is a growing epidemic, and many patients depend on insulin injections to control the disease and minimize long-term complications. In a recent manuscript published in Science, Xie et al. (2016) generate insulin-producing cells from a somatic embryonic kidney cell line through minimal genetic modification capable of regulating glucose levels in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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99985
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Notley CA, Jordan CK, McGovern JL, Brown MA, Ehrenstein MR. DNA methylation governs the dynamic regulation of inflammation by apoptotic cells during efferocytosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42204. [PMID: 28169339 PMCID: PMC5294421 DOI: 10.1038/srep42204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (AC) is pivotal in preventing autoimmunity and is a potent immunosuppressive stimulus. However, activation of cells prior to apoptosis abolishes their immunoregulatory properties. Here we show using the antigen-induced model of arthritis that the degree of DNA methylation within AC confers their immunomodulatory plasticity. DNA isolated from resting and activated AC mimicked their respective immune effects. Demethylation of DNA abrogated the protective effect of AC whereas remethylation of AC DNA reversed the effects of activation and restored the ability to inhibit inflammation. Disease suppression or lack thereof was associated with TGFβ and IL-6 production respectively. Apoptotic CD4+ T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus were demethylated compared to healthy controls and favoured production of IL-6 when cultured with healthy macrophages, in contrast to the TGFβ produced in response to healthy AC. Our data implicate AC DNA methylation as the molecular switch that imprints their regulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare A Notley
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6JF London, UK
| | - Christine K Jordan
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6JF London, UK
| | - Jenny L McGovern
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6JF London, UK
| | - Mark A Brown
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6JF London, UK
| | - Michael R Ehrenstein
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, WC1E 6JF London, UK
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99986
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Suleman M, Faryal R, Alam MM, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Aamir UB, Khurshid A, Angez M, Umair M, Sufian MM, Arshad Y, Zaidi SSZ. Dengue Virus Serotypes Circulating in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, 2013-2015. Ann Lab Med 2017; 37:151-154. [PMID: 28029002 PMCID: PMC5203993 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2017.37.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2013 to 2015, the National Institute of Health, Pakistan, received 1,270 blood samples of suspected dengue cases reported from inpatient and outpatient departments of various hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province. In this study, we determined the circulating dengue virus (DENV) serotypes using real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR to understand the serotype-based epidemiology of DENV. All four serotypes (DENV-1 [6%], DENV-2 [33%], DENV-3 [47%], and DENV-4 [0.1%]) were found circulating during the study period. Our findings suggest the need for an active surveillance system coupled with the laboratory diagnosis, especially in the chronic endemic areas of the country. Public awareness programs are needed for effective control and prevention of outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Shaukat
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Bashir Aamir
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehar Angez
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad Sufian
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Arshad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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99987
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Serrano D, Ghobadi F, Boulay G, Ilangumaran S, Lavoie C, Ramanathan S. GTPase of the Immune-Associated Nucleotide Protein 5 Regulates the Lysosomal Calcium Compartment in T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:94. [PMID: 28223986 PMCID: PMC5293772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes from Gimap5lyp/lyp rats carrying a recessive mutation in the GTPase of immune-associated protein 5 (Gimap5) gene undergo spontaneous apoptosis. Molecular mechanisms underlying this survival defect are not yet clear. We have shown that Gimap5lyp/lyp T lymphocytes display reduced calcium influx following T cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation that was associated with impaired buffering of calcium by mitochondria. Here, we investigated the subcellular localization of GIMAP5 and its influence on Ca2+ response in HEK293T cells and T lymphocytes. The more abundantly expressed GIMAP5v2 localizes to the lysosome and certain endosomal vesicles. Gimap5lyp/lyp T lymphocytes showed increased accumulation of calcium in the lysosomes as evidenced by Gly-Phe β-naphthylamide (GPN) triggered Ca2+ release. As a corollary, GPN-induced Ca2+ flux was decreased in HEK293T cells expressing GIMAP5v2. Strikingly, TCR stimulation of rat, mouse, and human T lymphocytes increased lysosomal calcium content. Overall, our findings show that lysosomes modulate cellular Ca2+ response during T cell activation and that GIMAP5 regulates the lysosomal Ca2+ compartment in T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Serrano
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC , Canada
| | - Farnaz Ghobadi
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC , Canada
| | - Guylain Boulay
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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99988
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Mokkala K, Röytiö H, Ekblad U, Laitinen K. Opportunities for probiotics and polyunsaturated fatty acids to improve metabolic health of overweight pregnant women. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:3-15. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Overweight during pregnancy predisposes both the mother and foetus to health complications. Maternal complications include gestational diabetes, obstetric problems and type 2 diabetes later in life. Complications for the offspring are not only restricted to the foetal period or birth, such as prematurity and foetal macrosomia, but may also have long-term metabolic health implications through the mechanism of early nutrition programming. One of the key metabolic components characterising overweight in the non-pregnant state is low-grade inflammation manifested by elevated levels of circulatory pro-inflammatory cytokines. In pregnancy, in addition to adipose tissue and placenta, inflammatory response may originate from the gut. The extent to which overweight induces metabolic maladaptation during pregnancy and further compromises maternal and child health is currently poorly understood. In this review, we evaluate recent scientific literature and describe the suggested links between overweight, gut and low-grade inflammation associated metabolic disorders. We focus on overweight pregnant women and gestational diabetes, and discuss how specific dietary factors, probiotics and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oil), might confer health benefits in combatting against metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Mokkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - H. Röytiö
- Institute of Biomedicine and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - U. Ekblad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Turku, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
- Turku University Central Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - K. Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine and Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
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99989
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Mathias CB, Schramm CM, Guernsey LA, Wu CA, Polukort SH, Rovatti J, Ser-Dolansky J, Secor E, Schneider SS, Thrall RS, Aguila HL. IL-15-deficient mice develop enhanced allergic responses to airway allergen exposure. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:639-655. [PMID: 28093832 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-15 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is critical for the development and survival of multiple haematopoietic lineages. Mice lacking IL-15 have selective defects in populations of several pro-allergic immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and memory CD8+ T cells. We therefore hypothesized that IL-15-/- mice will have reduced inflammatory responses during the development of allergic airway disease (AAD). OBJECTIVE To determine whether IL-15-/- mice have attenuated allergic responses in a mouse model of AAD. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-15-/- mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), and the development of AAD was ascertained by examining changes in airway inflammatory responses, Th2 responses, and lung histopathology. RESULTS Here, we report that IL-15-/- mice developed enhanced allergic responses in an OVA-induced model of AAD. In the absence of IL-15, OVA-challenged mice exhibited enhanced bronchial eosinophilic inflammation, elevated IL-13 production, and severe lung histopathology in comparison with WT mice. In addition, increased numbers of CD4+ T and B cells in the spleens and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were also observed. Examination of OVA-challenged IL-15Rα-/- animals revealed a similar phenotype resulting in enhanced airway eosinophilia compared to WT mice. Adoptive transfer of splenic CD8+ T cells from OVA-sensitized WT mice suppressed the enhancement of eosinophilia in IL-15-/- animals to levels observed in WT mice, but had no further effects. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data demonstrate that mice with an endogenous IL-15 deficiency are susceptible to the development of severe, enhanced Th2-mediated AAD, which can be regulated by CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the development of disease as well as allergen-specific Th2 responses occurs despite deficiencies in several IL-15-dependent cell types including NK, NKT, and γδ T cells, suggesting that these cells or their subsets are dispensable for the induction of AAD in IL-15-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Mathias
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - C M Schramm
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - L A Guernsey
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - C A Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - S H Polukort
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - J Rovatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - J Ser-Dolansky
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - E Secor
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - S S Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - R S Thrall
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - H L Aguila
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Choo EH, Lee JH, Park EH, Park HE, Jung NC, Kim TH, Koh YS, Kim E, Seung KB, Park C, Hong KS, Kang K, Song JY, Seo HG, Lim DS, Chang K. Infarcted Myocardium-Primed Dendritic Cells Improve Remodeling and Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction by Modulating the Regulatory T Cell and Macrophage Polarization. Circulation 2017; 135:1444-1457. [PMID: 28174192 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses play a critical role in left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) can modulate immune responses, inducing regulatory T cells in a number of inflammatory diseases. METHODS We generated tDCs by treating bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with tumor necrosis factor-α and cardiac lysate from MI mice. We injected MI mice, induced by a ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in C57BL/6 mice, twice with tDCs within 24 hours and at 7 days after the ligation. RESULTS In vivo cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo histology confirmed the beneficial effect on postinfarct left ventricular remodeling in MI mice treated with tDCs. Subcutaneously administered infarct lysate-primed tDCs near the inguinal lymph node migrated to the regional lymph node and induced infarct tissue-specific regulatory T-cell populations in the inguinal and mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, and infarcted myocardium, indicating that a local injection of tDCs induces a systemic activation of MI-specific regulatory T cells. These events elicited an inflammatory-to-reparative macrophage shift. The altered immune environment in the infarcted heart resulted in a better wound remodeling, preserved left ventricular systolic function after myocardial tissue damage, and improved survival. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that tDC therapy in a preclinical model of MI was potentially translatable into an antiremodeling therapy for ischemic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ho Choo
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Eun-Hye Park
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Hyo Eun Park
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Nam-Chul Jung
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Koh
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Eunmin Kim
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Cheongsoo Park
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Kwan-Soo Hong
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Kwonyoon Kang
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Jie-Young Song
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.)
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- From Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (E.H.C., E.-H.P., H.E.P., T.-H.K., Y.-S.K., E.K., K.-B.S., K.K., K.C.); Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (J.-H.L., D.-S.L.); Pharos Vaccine Inc, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggido, Korea (J.-H.L., N.-C.J.); Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk- do, Korea (C.P., K.-S.H.); Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul (J.-Y.S.); and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (H.G.S.).
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99991
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Palm E, Demirel I, Bengtsson T, Khalaf H. The role of toll-like and protease-activated receptors and associated intracellular signaling in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected gingival fibroblasts. APMIS 2017; 125:157-169. [PMID: 28120492 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is considered a keystone agent in periodontitis, has evolved elaborate mechanisms to grow and survive in a hostile milieu. The gingival fibroblast is the major cell type in the gingiva and is considered to be important in the periodontitis-associated inflammation. As a part of the innate immune response, they produce cytokines such as CXCL8 and interleukin (IL)-6 which are believed to contribute to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. This study investigates how the expression of protease-activated receptors (PAR1, PAR2) and toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4) changes with P. gingivalis exposure and how silencing of one receptor affects the expression of the other receptors. The importance of protein kinase C (PKC) and p38 in the regulation of CXCL8 and IL-6 was also examined. Receptors were knockdown with small-interfering RNA. PKC or p38 was blocked prior to stimulation with P. gingivalis. Fibroblasts were able to compensate for PAR1 knockdown with increased expression of PAR2. PKC and p38 were involved in the regulation of P. gingivalis-induced CXCL8 and IL-6. Our results indicate that PAR1 and PAR2 could be implicated in periodontitis and that PKC and P38 play a role in the inflammatory response in P. gingivalis-infected gingival fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonor Palm
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Isak Demirel
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Bengtsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hazem Khalaf
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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99992
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Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a spinal arthritic disease that is often associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, while only part of HLA-B27 carriers become AS patients. T cells have been reported to play an important role in the pathology of AS. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) have been known to negatively regulate the immune response. In this study, we used flow cytometry to analyze the immunological differences of peripheral bloodfrom 21 patients with AS, 22 cases who didn't have AS but were found to be HLA-B27 positive (HLA-B27+ group), and 16 normal healthy individuals (Healthy group). The level of CD4+, CD8+ T cells,and Treg of each group was observed. The expression of Tim-3 and PD-1 and the production of IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 were examined as well. We found that the percentage of Treg in AS group was lower than that of healthy group. The expression of PD-1 on CD8+ T cells and Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells was lower in the AS group. AS group had lower IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells and higher IL-6 production by CD8+ T cells. The results of HLA-B27+ group were similar to that of the healthy group. These data suggested that patients with AS had an impairment in the ability to negatively regulate the immune response, which might be related to the etiology of AS. To further investigate the roles of Tim-3 and PD-1 on is a dysfunction of T cells in AS that is associated with PD-1 and Tim-3.
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99993
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Abstract
DNA vaccines offer many advantages over other anti-tumor vaccine approaches due to their simplicity, ease of manufacturing, and safety. Results from several clinical trials in patients with cancer have demonstrated that DNA vaccines are safe and can elicit immune responses. However, to date few DNA vaccines have progressed beyond phase I clinical trial evaluation. Studies into the mechanism of action of DNA vaccines in terms of antigen-presenting cell types able to directly present or cross-present DNA-encoded antigens, and the activation of innate immune responses due to DNA itself, have suggested opportunities to increase the immunogenicity of these vaccines. In addition, studies into the mechanisms of tumor resistance to anti-tumor vaccination have suggested combination approaches that can increase the anti-tumor effect of DNA vaccines. This review focuses on these mechanisms of action and mechanisms of resistance using DNA vaccines, and how this information is being used to improve the anti-tumor effect of DNA vaccines. These approaches are then specifically discussed in the context of human prostate cancer, a disease for which DNA vaccines have been and continue to be explored as treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Zahm
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Viswa Teja Colluru
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States.
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99994
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Rodriguez Villanueva J, Martín Esteban J, Rodríguez Villanueva L. Solving the puzzle: What is behind our forefathers' anti-inflammatory remedies? J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2017; 6:128-143. [PMID: 28163971 PMCID: PMC5289082 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161204021732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a ubiquitous host response in charge of restoring normal tissue structure and function but is a double-edged sword, as the uncontrolled or excessive process can lead to the injury of host cells, chronic inflammation, chronic diseases, and also neoplastic transformation. Throughout history, a wide range of species has been claimed to have anti-inflammatory effects worldwide. Among them, Angelica sinensis, Tropaeolum majus, Castilleja tenuiflora, Biophytum umbraculum, to name just a few, have attracted the scientific and general public attention in the last years. Efforts have been made to assess their relevance through a scientific method. However, inflammation is a complex interdependent process, and phytomedicines are complex mixtures of compounds with multiple mechanisms of biological actions, which restricts systematic explanation. For this purpose, the omics techniques could prove extremely useful. They provide tools for interpreting and integrating results from both the classical medical tradition and modern science. As a result, the concept of network pharmacology applied to phytomedicines emerged. All of this is a step toward personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez Villanueva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Martín Esteban
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez Villanueva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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99995
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De Beuckelaer A, Grooten J, De Koker S. Type I Interferons Modulate CD8 + T Cell Immunity to mRNA Vaccines. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:216-226. [PMID: 28185789 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have emerged as potent tools to elicit antitumor T cell immunity. They are characterized by a strong induction of type I interferons (IFNs), potent inflammatory cytokines affecting T cell differentiation and survival. Recent reports have attributed opposing roles for type I IFNs in modulating CD8+ T cell immunity to mRNA vaccines, from profoundly stimulatory to strongly inhibitory. The mechanisms behind this duality are unclear. Disentangling the factors governing the beneficial or detrimental impact of type I IFNs on CD8+ T cell responses is vital to the design of mRNA vaccines of increased potency. In light of recent advancements regarding the complex role of type I IFNs in regulating CD8+ T cell immunity to infectious diseases, we posit that the dual outcome of type I IFNs on CD8+ T cell responses to mRNA vaccination is determined by the timing and intensity of type I IFN induction relative to T cell receptor (TCR) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ans De Beuckelaer
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Grooten
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan De Koker
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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99996
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Ren PT, Zhang Y. Comparative investigation of the effects of specific antigen‑sensitized DC‑CIK and DC‑CTL cells against B16 melanoma tumor cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1533-1538. [PMID: 28260039 PMCID: PMC5364993 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of personalized adoptive immunotherapy as a potential novel approach is promising in the treatment of tumors resistant to conventional therapies. In the present study, dendritic cell (DC)-cytokine-induced killer (CIK) and DC-cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) cells were cultured to examine their phenotype, proliferation and cytotoxicity against B16 melanoma tumor cells. In addition, comparative investigations of the effect of specific antigen-sensitized DC-CIK and DC-CTL cells against B16 melanoma tumor cells were performed in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the phenotypes of the co-cultured cells were altered, and DCs promoted DC-CIK cell and DC-CTL cell differentiation and maturation in vitro. Lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxic analysis indicated that the cytotoxicity increased as the effector to target ratio increased between 10:1 and 40:1, and the cytotoxic effect towards B16 melanoma cells by DC-CTL cells was significantly higher, compared with that of DC-CIK cells. To further examine the antineoplastic efficacy of DC-CIK and DC-CTL cells in vivo, the present study performed tail-intravenous injection of DC-CIK cells and DC-CTL cells, which attenuated B16 melanoma cell-engrafted tumor growth, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and accelerated cell apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggested that the use of DC-CTL or DC-CIK cell therapy as a personalized adoptive immunotherapy may regulate immune status and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. In addition, the experiments indicated that DC-CTL cells offer superior antineoplastic activity, compared with DC-CIK cells against B16 melanoma tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Tao Ren
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Electrocardiogram Room, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Julia C, Assmann KE, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Wirth MD, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Kesse-Guyot E. Long-term associations between inflammatory dietary scores in relation to long-term C-reactive protein status measured 12 years later: findings from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:306-14. [PMID: 28166841 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation has been recognised as a key underlying mechanism for several chronic diseases, including cancer and CVD. Nutrition represents a host of key modifiable factors that influence chronic inflammation. Dietary inflammatory scores were developed to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet and have been associated with inflammatory biomarkers in cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII), the alternate dietary inflammatory index (ADII) and long-term C-reactive protein (CRP). We also tested age as an effect modifier of this relationship. Participants were selected in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study, which included subjects aged 45-60 years old for men and 35-60 years old for women in 1994. Participants with ≥3 24-h dietary records at baseline and a CRP measurement at the 12-year follow-up evaluation were included in the present study (n 1980). The relationships between the DII and ADII and elevated CRP (>3 mg/l) were investigated using logistic multivariable regression. All analyses were stratified by age (cut-off at median age=50 years old). The overall associations between DII and ADII and long-term CRP were not statistically significant (P trend across tertiles=0·16 for DII and 0·10 for ADII). A quantitative interaction was found between ADII score and age (P=0·16 for ADII, 0·36 for DII). In stratified analyses the ADII was significantly prospectively associated with CRP only in younger participants: OR tertile 3 v. tertile 1: 1·79 (95 % CI 1·04, 3·07). Pro-inflammatory diets may have long-term effect on CRP only in younger subjects.
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Lana JP, Martins LB, Oliveira MCD, Menezes-Garcia Z, Yamada LTP, Vieira LQ, Teixeira MM, Ferreira AVM. TNF and IL-18 cytokines may regulate liver fat storage under homeostasis conditions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 41:1295-1302. [PMID: 27863204 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation induced by obesogenic diets is associated with deposition of fat in the liver. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies may impact in body fat storage and in liver lipid dynamics. It is important to study specific inflammatory mediators in this context, since their role on hepatic damage is not fully clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor in liver dysfunction induced by diet. Male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), IL-18, and TNF receptor 1 knockout mice (IL-18-/- and TNFR1-/-) were divided according to the experimental diets: chow diet or a high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet. Alanine aminotransferase was quantified by colorimetric analysis. Total fat content in the liver was determined by Folch methods. Levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in liver samples were measured by ELISA assay. IL-18 and TNFR knockout mice fed with chow diet showed higher liver triglycerides deposition than WT mice fed with the same diet (WT: 131.9 ± 24.5; IL-18-/-: 239.4 ± 38.12*; TNF-/-: 179.6 ± 50.45*; *P < 0.01). Furthermore, these animals also showed a worse liver histopathological score and lower levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in the liver. Interestingly, treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet did not exacerbate liver damage in IL-18-/- and TNFR1-/- mice. Our data suggest that IL-18 and TNF may be involved on hepatic homeostasis mainly in a context of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Pereira Lana
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Chaves de Oliveira
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zélia Menezes-Garcia
- b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Apostólico JDS, Lunardelli VAS, Yamamoto MM, Souza HFS, Cunha-Neto E, Boscardin SB, Rosa DS. Dendritic Cell Targeting Effectively Boosts T Cell Responses Elicited by an HIV Multiepitope DNA Vaccine. Front Immunol 2017; 8:101. [PMID: 28223987 PMCID: PMC5295143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several efforts in the last decades, an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine is still not available. Different approaches have been evaluated, such as recombinant proteins, viral vectors, DNA vaccines, and, most recently, dendritic cell (DC) targeting. This strategy is based on DC features that place them as central for induction of immunity. Targeting is accomplished by the use of chimeric monoclonal antibodies directed to DC surface receptors fused to the antigen of interest. In this work, we targeted eight promiscuous HIV-derived CD4+ T cell epitopes (HIVBr8) to the DEC205+ DCs by fusing the multiepitope immunogen to the heavy chain of αDEC205 (αDECHIVBr8), in the presence of the TLR3 agonist poly (I:C). In addition, we tested a DNA vaccine encoding the same epitopes using homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens. Our results showed that mice immunized with αDECHIVBr8 presented higher CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses when compared to mice that received the DNA vaccine (pVAXHIVBr8). In addition, pVAXHIVBr8 priming followed by αDECHIVBr8 boosting induced higher polyfunctional proliferative and cytokine-producing T cell responses to HIV-1 peptides than homologous DNA immunization or heterologous αDEC prime/DNA boost. Based on these results, we conclude that homologous prime-boost and heterologous boosting immunization strategies targeting CD4+ epitopes to DCs are effective to improve HIV-specific cellular immune responses when compared to standalone DNA immunization. Moreover, our results indicate that antigen targeting to DC is an efficient strategy to boost immunity against a multiepitope immunogen, especially in the context of DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Souza Apostólico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Massao Yamamoto
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Higo Fernando Santos Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fu W, Zhuo ZJ, Chen YC, Zhu J, Zhao Z, Jia W, Hu JH, Fu K, Zhu SB, He J, Liu GC. NFKB1 -94insertion/deletion ATTG polymorphism and cancer risk: Evidence from 50 case-control studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:9806-9822. [PMID: 28039461 PMCID: PMC5354772 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B1 (NF-κB1) is a pleiotropic transcription factor and key contributor to tumorigenesis in many types of cancer. Numerous studies have addressed the association of a functional insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism (-94ins/delATTG, rs28362491) in the promoter region of NFKB1 gene with the risk of various types of cancer; however, their conclusions have been inconsistent. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to reevaluate this association. PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and WANFANG databases were searched through July 2016 to retrieve relevant studies. After careful assessment, 50 case-control studies, comprising 18,299 cases and 23,484 controls were selected. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the strength of the association. The NFKB1 -94ins/delATTG polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of overall cancer in the homozygote model (DD vs. II): OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.64-0.87); heterozygote model (ID vs. II): OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.83-0.99; recessive model (DD vs. ID/II): OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.91; dominant model (ID/DD vs. II): OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.78-0.95; and allele contrast model (D vs. I): OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.95). Subgroup and stratified analyses revealed decreased risks for lung cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, and this association held true also for Asians (especially Chinese subjects) in hospital-based studies, and in studies with quality scores less than nine. Well-designed, large-scale case-control studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fu
- 1 Department of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Jian Zhuo
- 2 School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yung-Chang Chen
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan (Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- 4 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhang Zhao
- 1 Department of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Jia
- 1 Department of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Hua Hu
- 1 Department of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Fu
- 1 Department of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Bo Zhu
- 1 Department of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing He
- 1 Department of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Chang Liu
- 1 Department of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
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