99951
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Tokuda K, Morine Y, Miyazaki K, Yamada S, Saito Y, Nishi M, Tokunaga T, Ikemoto T, Imura S, Shimada M. The interaction between cancer associated fibroblasts and tumor associated macrophages via the osteopontin pathway in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:333-343. [PMID: 33659044 PMCID: PMC7899554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-tumor associated macrophage (TAM)-cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) interactions are an important factor in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cultured with cancer cell-conditioned medium (Ca.-CM), TAM-CM and CAF-CM, and the expression of CAF markers were evaluated by RT-PCR. Whether HSCs cultured with Ca.-CM, TAM-CM and CAF-CM contributed to the enhanced malignancy of cancer cells was examined using proliferation, invasion and migration assays. Furthermore, the differences between these three types of CM were evaluated using cytokine arrays. RESULTS HSCs cultured with Ca.-CM, TAM-CM and CAF-CM showed significantly increased mRNA expression of αSMA, FAP and IL-6. All HSCs cultured with each CM exhibited significantly increased proliferation, invasion and migration of cancer cells. The osteopontin concentration was significantly higher in HSCs cultured with TAM-CM than the other CAF-CMs. Osteopontin inhibition significantly reduced osteopontin secretion from HSCs cultured with TAM-CM and suppressed the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells enhanced by HSCs cultured with TAM-CM. CONCLUSIONS We observed enhanced osteopontin secretion from TAMs, and this increased osteopontin further promoted osteopontin secretion from HSCs cultured with TAM-CM, leading to increased malignancy. For the first time, we demonstrated the importance of cancer-TAM-CAF interactions via osteopontin in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Tokuda
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Katsuki Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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99952
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Race AM, Sutton D, Hamm G, Maglennon G, Morton JP, Strittmatter N, Campbell A, Sansom OJ, Wang Y, Barry ST, Takáts Z, Goodwin RJA, Bunch J. Deep Learning-Based Annotation Transfer between Molecular Imaging Modalities: An Automated Workflow for Multimodal Data Integration. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3061-3071. [PMID: 33534548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An ever-increasing array of imaging technologies are being used in the study of complex biological samples, each of which provides complementary, occasionally overlapping information at different length scales and spatial resolutions. It is important to understand the information provided by one technique in the context of the other to achieve a more holistic overview of such complex samples. One way to achieve this is to use annotations from one modality to investigate additional modalities. For microscopy-based techniques, these annotations could be manually generated using digital pathology software or automatically generated by machine learning (including deep learning) methods. Here, we present a generic method for using annotations from one microscopy modality to extract information from complementary modalities. We also present a fast, general, multimodal registration workflow [evaluated on multiple mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) modalities, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, desorption electrospray ionization, and rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry] for automatic alignment of complex data sets, demonstrating an order of magnitude speed-up compared to previously published work. To demonstrate the power of the annotation transfer and multimodal registration workflows, we combine MSI, histological staining (such as hematoxylin and eosin), and deep learning (automatic annotation of histology images) to investigate a pancreatic cancer mouse model. Neoplastic pancreatic tissue regions, which were histologically indistinguishable from one another, were observed to be metabolically different. We demonstrate the use of the proposed methods to better understand tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment by transferring machine learning results freely between the two modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Race
- Imaging and AI, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Daniel Sutton
- Imaging and AI, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and AI, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, U.K
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging and AI, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, U.K
| | - Yinhai Wang
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Zoltan Takáts
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and AI, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Josephine Bunch
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
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99953
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Helmin KA, Morales-Nebreda L, Torres Acosta MA, Anekalla KR, Chen SY, Abdala-Valencia H, Politanska Y, Cheresh P, Akbarpour M, Steinert EM, Weinberg SE, Singer BD. Maintenance DNA methylation is essential for regulatory T cell development and stability of suppressive function. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6571-6587. [PMID: 32897881 DOI: 10.1172/jci137712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs require Foxp3 expression and induction of a specific DNA hypomethylation signature during development, after which Tregs persist as a self-renewing population that regulates immune system activation. Whether maintenance DNA methylation is required for Treg lineage development and stability and how methylation patterns are maintained during lineage self-renewal remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the epigenetic regulator ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and RING finger domains 1 (Uhrf1) is essential for maintenance of methyl-DNA marks that stabilize Treg cellular identity by repressing effector T cell transcriptional programs. Constitutive and induced deficiency of Uhrf1 within Foxp3+ cells resulted in global yet nonuniform loss of DNA methylation, derepression of inflammatory transcriptional programs, destabilization of the Treg lineage, and spontaneous inflammation. These findings support a paradigm in which maintenance DNA methylation is required in distinct regions of the Treg genome for both lineage establishment and stability of identity and suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Helmin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Kishore R Anekalla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Shang-Yang Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Yuliya Politanska
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Samuel E Weinberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics.,Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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99954
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Yi M, Zhang J, Li A, Niu M, Yan Y, Jiao Y, Luo S, Zhou P, Wu K. The construction, expression, and enhanced anti-tumor activity of YM101: a bispecific antibody simultaneously targeting TGF-β and PD-L1. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:27. [PMID: 33593403 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis induce potent and durable anti-tumor responses in multiple types of cancers. However, only a subset of patients benefits from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. As a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity, TGF-β impairs the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and induces drug resistance. Developing a novel treatment strategy to simultaneously block PD-1/PD-L1 and TGF-β would be valuable to enhance the effect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and relieve drug resistance. Methods Based on the Check-BODY™ technology platform, we developed an anti-TGF-β/PD-L1 bispecific antibody YM101. The bioactivity of the anti-TGF-β moiety was determined by Smad-luciferase reporter assay, transwell assay, western blotting, CCK-8, and flow cytometry. The bioactivity of the anti-PD-L1 moiety was measured by T cell activation assays. EMT-6, CT26, and 3LL tumor models were used to investigate the anti-tumor activity of YM101 in vivo. RNA-seq, immunohistochemical staining, and flow cytometry were utilized to analyze the effect of YM101 on the tumor microenvironment. Results YM101 could bind to TGF-β and PD-L1 specifically. In vitro experiments showed that YM101 effectively counteracted the biological effects of TGF-β and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, including activating Smad signaling, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immunosuppression. Besides, in vivo experiments indicated the anti-tumor activity of YM101 was superior to anti-TGF-β and anti-PD-L1 monotherapies. Mechanistically, YM101 promoted the formation of ‘hot tumor’: increasing the numbers of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and dendritic cells, elevating the ratio of M1/M2, and enhancing cytokine production in T cells. This normalized tumor immune microenvironment and enhanced anti-tumor immune response might contribute to the robust anti-tumor effect of YM101. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that YM101 could simultaneously block TGF-β and PD-L1 pathways and had a superior anti-tumor effect compared to the monotherapies.
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99955
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Wang S, Zhang K, Tang L, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhou Z, Pang J, Chen F. Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes and Clinicopathological Characteristics. Clin Epidemiol 2021; 13:103-112. [PMID: 33623437 PMCID: PMC7896729 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s292429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the associations between seven tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) and risk of breast cancer assessed by tumor pathological characteristics and body mass index (BMI). Methods Seven tSNPs of four breast cancer susceptibility genes were analyzed in 734 Chinese women with breast cancer and 672 age-matched healthy controls; then, the association with clinicopathological characteristics, BMI, molecular subtype, TNM (T, tumor; N, lymph node; M, metastasis) staging and lymph node status was determined by unconditional logistic regression. Results Rs12951053 in TP53 and rs16945628 in BRIP1, displayed increased risk of breast cancer in the BMI ≧ 25 kg/m2 group (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.02–2.21, P=0.041 and OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.13–3.26, P=0.015, respectively). The other five tSNPs (rs1805812, rs2735385 and rs6999227 in NBS1, rs7220719 in BRIP1 and rs2299941 in PTEN) displayed a decreased risk of breast cancer in the 18.5≤BMI<25 kg/m2 group. Rs12951053 in TP53 and rs7220719 in BRIP1 exhibited an increased risk of triple‐negative breast cancer (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.05–2.15, P=0.026 and OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.05–4.29, P=0.032, respectively), but three tSNPs in NBS1 (rs1805812, rs2735385 and rs6999227) all displayed a negative association with both luminal B and triple-negative breast cancer. The tSNP rs2299941 in PTEN also exhibited a negative association with each molecular subtype, except triple-negative breast cancer. The majority of tSNPs displayed a negative association with stage II or III breast cancer. Most tSNPs showed a negative association with breast cancer that was lymph node negative or with 1–3 positive nodes. Only rs12951053 in TP53 displayed a positive association with lymph node-negative breast cancer (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.08–1.91, P=0.013). Conclusion The majority of tSNPs displayed a negative association with breast cancer and only a few tSNPs (rs12951053 in TP53, rs16945628 and rs7220719 in BRIP1) showed an increased risk of breast cancer as defined by clinicopathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouman Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejing Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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99956
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Abstract
Tunable and reproducible size with high circularity is an important limitation to obtain three-dimensional (3D) cellular structures and spheroids in scaffold free tissue engineering approaches. Here, we present a facile methodology based on magnetic levitation (MagLev) to fabricate 3D cellular structures rapidly and easily in high-volume and low magnetic field. In this study, 3D cellular structures were fabricated using magnetic levitation directed assembly where cells are suspended and self-assembled by contactless magnetic manipulation in the presence of a paramagnetic agent. The effect of cell seeding density, culture time, and paramagnetic agent concentration on the formation of 3D cellular structures was evaluated for NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. In addition, magnetic levitation guided cellular assembly and 3D tumor spheroid formation was examined for five different cancer cell lines: MCF7 (human epithelial breast adenocarcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (human epithelial breast adenocarcinoma), SH-SY5Y (human bone-marrow neuroblastoma), PC-12 (rat adrenal gland pheochromocytoma), and HeLa (human epithelial cervix adenocarcinoma). Moreover, formation of a 3D coculture model was successfully observed by using MDA-MB-231 dsRED and MDA-MB-231 GFP cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the developed MagLev setup provides an easy and efficient way to fabricate 3D cellular structures and may be a feasible alternative to conventional methodologies for cellular/multicellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Onbas
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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99957
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Li C, Chen Z, Zheng D, Zhao J, Lei J. Targeted Delivery of Dual Anticancer Drugs Based on Self-Assembled iRGD-Modified Soluble Drug-Polymer Pattern Conjugate Nanoparticles. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:1499-1507. [PMID: 35014499 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A tumor-penetrating peptide, iRGD (a tumor-homing peptide, CRGDKGPDC), could enhance the penetration of drugs via the specific receptor-binding affinity to αvβ3 and NRP-1 that overexpressed on tumor vasculature and tumor cells. Considering the side effects of traditional chemotherapy, here, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mw = 7500)-based and iRGD-modified poly(ethylene glycol)-based nanoparticles were successfully prepared. iRGD, as a tumor-targeting and tumor-penetrating agent, was combined with PEG after the esterification reaction between PEG and diosgenin (DGN). After the efficient loading of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), the iRGD-PEG-DGN/HCPT NPs of chemotherapy were established. The characteristics of iRGD-PEG-DGN/HCPT NPs were evaluated. This nano-delivery system possessed high drug loading efficiency (∼17.34 wt % HCPT), controlled release rate, good pH response, and iRGD active targeting and passive targeting with an appropriate size (∼140 nm). All these features forcefully indicated that the iRGD-modified drug delivery system could markedly ameliorate the tumor therapy efficacy compared to the nontargeted nanoparticles through enhancing the tumor accumulation and penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiandu Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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99958
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Ma D, Qiao L, Guo B. Smad7 suppresses melanoma lung metastasis by impairing Tregs migration to the tumor microenvironment. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:719-731. [PMID: 33594321 PMCID: PMC7868836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling plays critical roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. In the tumor microenvironment, TGF-β are well demonstrated as a tumor inducer, which also promote tumor growth and metastasis. SMAD family is an important TGF-β signalling transducer, which consists of receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), common-mediator SMADs (co-SMADs), and inhibitory SMADs (I-SMADs). Smad7 is one of the I-SMADs which has been proved to block TGF-β signalling transduction in both tumor cells and immune cells. Accumulated evidence has suggested SMAD7 acted as a tumor suppressor in various cancer types, such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer and skin melanoma, etc. However, the role of SMAD7 in melanoma lung metastasis has not been well studied. Here, we first investigated the role of SMAD7 on tumor cell viability by overexpressing SMAD7 in murine melanoma cell line B16-F10. Our results showed that SMAD7 overexpression slightly impaired B16-F10 cells growth, promoted cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at S phase. In vivo study showed that SMAD7 overexpression inhibited B16-F10 lung metastasis. Further mechanism study suggested that SMAD7 promoted T cells activation by decreasing regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrating into the tumor microenvironment. In summary, our results proved that tumor cell derived SMAD7 inhibited melanoma lung metastasis by impairing the migration capacity of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Ma
- Department of Oncology, Linyi Central HospitalLinyi 276400, Shandong, China
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Linyi Central HospitalLinyi 276400, Shandong, China
| | - Bingnan Guo
- Jiangsu Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
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99959
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Lee CJ, Yoon MJ, Kim DH, Kim TU, Kang YJ. Profilin-1; a novel regulator of DNA damage response and repair machinery in keratinocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1439-52. [PMID: 33590416 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Profilin-1 (PFN1) regulates actin polymerization and cytoskeletal growth. Despite the essential roles of PFN1 in cell integration, its subcellular function in keratinocyte has not been elucidated yet. Here we characterize the specific regulation of PFN1 in DNA damage response and repair machinery. PFN1 depletion accelerated DNA damage-mediated apoptosis exhibiting PTEN loss of function instigated by increased phosphorylated inactivation followed by high levels of AKT activation. PFN1 changed its predominant cytoplasmic localization to the nucleus upon DNA damage and subsequently restored the cytoplasmic compartment during the recovery time. Even though γH2AX was recruited at the sites of DNA double strand breaks in response to DNA damage, PFN1-deficient cells failed to recruit DNA repair factors, whereas control cells exhibited significant increases of these genes. Additionally, PFN1 depletion resulted in disruption of PTEN-AKT cascade upon DNA damage and CHK1-mediated cell cycle arrest was not recovered even after the recovery time exhibiting γH2AX accumulation. This might suggest PFN1 roles in regulating DNA damage response and repair machinery to protect cells from DNA damage. Future studies addressing the crosstalk and regulation of PTEN-related DNA damage sensing and repair pathway choice by PFN1 may further aid to identify new mechanistic insights for various DNA repair disorders.
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99960
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Nanda SS, Kaushal S, Shin Y, Yun K, An SSA, Hembram KPSS, Papaefthymiou GC, Yi DK. Cancer Cell Detection on the Surface of Top-Gated Monolayer Graphene via Raman Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:1493-1498. [PMID: 35014498 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A label-free biosensor is described based on the Raman spectroscopic signatures of monolayer graphene, which are modified in the compartment of cancer cells because of electron-phonon coupling in monolayer graphene. Specifically, the Raman spectra of electrostatically gated monolayer graphene on SiO2/Si substrates, in the voltage range from 0 to 5 V, were studied in the absence and the presence of cancer cells. Density functional theory simulations afforded a correlation between cancer cells and the observed Raman spectra, through the regulation of the intensities of the G and 2D Raman vibrational modes with applied voltage. The C-H and N-H bonds of phenylalanine enabled the detection of this biosensing activity. Significantly, this detection can be carried out even in the absence of cancer cell-culturing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Kaushal
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin 03674, South Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kyusik Yun
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - K P S S Hembram
- Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | | | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin 03674, South Korea
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99961
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Rahul E, Goel H, Chopra A, Ranjan A, Gupta AK, Meena JP, Bakhshi S, Misra A, Hussain S, Viswanathan GK, Rath GK, Tanwar P. An updated account on molecular heterogeneity of acute leukemia. Am J Blood Res 2021; 11:22-43. [PMID: 33796387 PMCID: PMC8010602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The progress in the field of personalized therapy has been the backbone for the improved mortality and morbidity figure in cancer especially with reference to acute leukemia. The same has been supported by evolving research and development in the field of genomics. The newer discoveries of mutations and the account of already discovered mutations have been playing a pivotal role to refine management strategy. Here, in this review, we are giving an account of relevant mutations and their potential role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. The article discusses the old and newly discovered mutations in acute myeloid/lymphoblastic leukemia. The various pathways and cross-talks between the mutations have been briefly described to develop insight towards their contributory and consequent role in the neoplastic process. The article is to sensitize the students, clinicians, and researchers towards the recent updates and development in genomics of acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Rahul
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jagdish Prasad Meena
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research I-7Sector-39, Noida 201301, India
| | | | - Goura Kishor Rath
- Department of Radiotherapy, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
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99962
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Sponaas AM, Waage A, Vandsemb EN, Misund K, Børset M, Sundan A, Slørdahl TS, Standal T. Bystander Memory T Cells and IMiD/Checkpoint Therapy in Multiple Myeloma: A Dangerous Tango? Front Immunol 2021; 12:636375. [PMID: 33679794 PMCID: PMC7928324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article we discuss the role of the memory T cells in multiple myeloma (MM) and how they may influence immune responses in patients that received immunomodulating drugs and check point therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marit Sponaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esten N Vandsemb
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Schmidt Slørdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center for Myeloma Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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99963
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Kon N, Churchill M, Li H, Mukherjee S, Manfredi JJ, Gu W. Robust p53 Stabilization Is Dispensable for Its Activation and Tumor Suppressor Function. Cancer Res 2021; 81:935-944. [PMID: 33323382 PMCID: PMC8026563 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p53 is a short-lived protein with low basal levels under normal homeostasis conditions. However, upon DNA damage, levels of p53 dramatically increase for its activation. Although robust stabilization of p53 serves as a "trademark" for DNA damage responses, the requirement for such dramatic protein stabilization in tumor suppression has not been well addressed. Here we generated a mutant p53KQ mouse where all the C-terminal domain lysine residues were mutated to glutamines (K to Q mutations at K367, K369, K370, K378, K379, K383, and K384) to mimic constitutive acetylation of the p53 C-terminus. Because of p53 activation, p53KQ/KQ mice were perinatal lethal, yet this lethality was averted in p53KQ/- mice, which displayed normal postnatal development. Nevertheless, p53KQ/- mice died prematurely due to anemia and hematopoiesis failure. Further analyses indicated that expression of the acetylation-mimicking p53 mutant in vivo induces activation of p53 targets in various tissues without obviously increasing p53 levels. In the well-established pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mouse model, expression of the acetylation-mimicking p53-mutant protein effectively suppressed K-Ras-induced PDAC development in the absence of robust p53 stabilization. Together, our results provide proof-of-principle evidence that p53-mediated transcriptional function and tumor suppression can be achieved independently of its robust stabilization and reveal an alternative approach to activate p53 function for therapeutic purposes. SIGNIFICANCE: Although robust p53 stabilization is critical for acute p53 responses such as DNA damage, this study underscores the important role of low basal p53 protein levels in p53 activation and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kon
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Michael Churchill
- Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Huan Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James J Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
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99964
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Taha-Mehlitz S, Bianco G, Coto-Llerena M, Kancherla V, Bantug GR, Gallon J, Ercan C, Panebianco F, Eppenberger-Castori S, von Strauss M, Staubli S, Bolli M, Peterli R, Matter MS, Terracciano LM, von Flüe M, Ng CK, Soysal SD, Kollmar O, Piscuoglio S. Adenylosuccinate lyase is oncogenic in colorectal cancer by causing mitochondrial dysfunction and independent activation of NRF2 and mTOR-MYC-axis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4011-4029. [PMID: 33754045 PMCID: PMC7977451 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) is an essential enzyme for de novo purine biosynthesis. Here we sought to investigate the putative role of ADSL in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) carcinogenesis and response to antimetabolites. Methods: ADSL expression levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry or retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The effects of ADSL silencing or overexpression were evaluated on CRC cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-cycle. In vivo tumor growth was assessed by the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Transfected cell lines or patient-derived organoids (PDO) were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and drug response was correlated with ADSL expression levels. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling were performed to identify dysregulated pathways and ADSL downstream effectors. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic capacity were measured using Seahorse; mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of ROS were measured by FACS using MitoTracker Red and MitoSOX staining, respectively. Activation of canonical pathways was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Results: ADSL expression is significantly increased in CRC tumors compared to non-tumor tissue. ADSL-high CRCs show upregulation of genes involved in DNA synthesis, DNA repair and cell cycle. Accordingly, ADSL overexpression accelerated progression through the cell cycle and significantly increased proliferation and migration in CRC cell lines. Additionally, ADSL expression increased tumor growth in vivo and sensitized CRCs to 6-MP in vitro, ex vivo (PDOs) and in vivo (CAM model). ADSL exerts its oncogenic function by affecting mitochondrial function via alteration of the TCA cycle and impairment of mitochondrial respiration. The KEAP1-NRF2 and mTORC1-cMyc axis are independently activated upon ADSL overexpression and may favor the survival and proliferation of ROS-accumulating cells, favoring DNA damage and tumorigenesis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ADSL is a novel oncogene in CRC, modulating mitochondrial function, metabolism and oxidative stress, thus promoting cell cycle progression, proliferation and migration. Our results also suggest that ADSL is a predictive biomarker of response to 6-mercaptopurine in the pre-clinical setting.
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99965
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Gao K, Lunev S, van den Berg MPM, Al-Dahmani ZM, Evans S, Mertens DALJ, Meurs H, Gosens R, Groves MR. A synthetic peptide as an allosteric inhibitor of human arginase I and II. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1959-66. [PMID: 33590412 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Arginine metabolism mediated by arginases plays a critical role in cell and tissue function. The arginine hydrolysis is deeply involved in the urea cycle, which helps the kidney excrete ammonia from blood. Upregulation of arginases affects microenvironment stability due to the presence of excess urea in blood. To regulate the arginase activities properly, a synthetic peptide based on the structure of human arginase I was designed and assessed. Preliminary data shows it inhibits human arginase I and II with an IC50 of 2.4 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.1 mmol, respectively. Our kinetic analysis indicates the inhibition is not competitive with substrate – suggesting an allosteric mechanism. This result provides a step towards specific inhibitors design.
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99966
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Pinte L, Cunningham A, Trébéden-Negre H, Nikiforow S, Ritz J. Global Perspective on the Development of Genetically Modified Immune Cells for Cancer Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608485. [PMID: 33658994 PMCID: PMC7917113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first genetically-engineered clinical trial was posted to clinicaltrials.gov in 2003 (NCT00019136), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) therapies have exhibited unprecedented growth. USA, China, and Europe have emerged as major sites of investigation as many new biotechnology and established pharmaceutical companies invest in this rapidly evolving field. Although initial studies focused primarily on CD19 as a target antigen, many novel targets are now being evaluated. Next-generation genetic constructs, starting materials, and manufacturing strategies are also being applied to enhance efficacy and safety and to treat solid tumors as well as hematologic malignancies. Fueled by dramatic clinical efficacy and recent regulatory approvals of CD19-targeted CAR cell therapies, the field of engineered cell therapeutics continues to expand. Here, we review all 745 genetically modified CAR and TCR clinical trials with anticipated accrual of over 28,000 patients posted to clinicaltrials.gov until 31st of December 2019. We analyze projected patient enrollment, geographic distribution and phase of studies, target antigens and diseases, current strategies for optimizing efficacy and safety, and trials expected to yield important clinical data in the coming 6-12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jerome Ritz
- Connell and O’Reilly Families Cell Manipulation Core Facility, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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99967
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Marinari E, Dutoit V, Nikolaev S, Vargas MI, Schaller K, Lobrinus JA, Dietrich PY, Tsantoulis P, Migliorini D. Clonal Evolution of a High-Grade Pediatric Glioma With Distant Metastatic Spread. Neurol Genet 2021; 7:e561. [PMID: 33898738 PMCID: PMC8063622 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective High-grade glioma (HGG) rarely spreads outside the CNS. To test the hypothesis that the lesions were metastases originating from an HGG, we sequenced the relapsing HGG and distant extraneural lesions. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing of an HGG lesion, its local relapse, and distant lesions in bone and lymph nodes. Results Phylogenetic reconstruction and histopathologic analysis confirmed the common glioma origin of the secondary lesions. The mutational profile revealed an IDH1/2 wild-type HGG with an activating mutation in EGFR and biallelic focal loss of CDKN2A (9p21). In the metastatic samples and the local relapse, we found an activating PIK3CA mutation, further copy number gains in chromosome 7 (EGFR), and a putative pathogenic driver mutation in a canonical splice site of FLNA. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate tumor spread outside the CNS and identify potential genetic drivers of metastatic dissemination outside the CNS, which could be leveraged as therapeutic targets or potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Marinari
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology (E.M., V.D., P.-Y.D., P.T., D.M.), University of Geneva, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL); Genetic Core Facility (S.N.), Geneva University Hospital; Diagnostic Department, Neuroradiology Division, (M.-I.V.), Neurosurgery Service (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.L.), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Dutoit
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology (E.M., V.D., P.-Y.D., P.T., D.M.), University of Geneva, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL); Genetic Core Facility (S.N.), Geneva University Hospital; Diagnostic Department, Neuroradiology Division, (M.-I.V.), Neurosurgery Service (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.L.), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology (E.M., V.D., P.-Y.D., P.T., D.M.), University of Geneva, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL); Genetic Core Facility (S.N.), Geneva University Hospital; Diagnostic Department, Neuroradiology Division, (M.-I.V.), Neurosurgery Service (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.L.), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria-Isabel Vargas
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology (E.M., V.D., P.-Y.D., P.T., D.M.), University of Geneva, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL); Genetic Core Facility (S.N.), Geneva University Hospital; Diagnostic Department, Neuroradiology Division, (M.-I.V.), Neurosurgery Service (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.L.), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl Schaller
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology (E.M., V.D., P.-Y.D., P.T., D.M.), University of Geneva, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL); Genetic Core Facility (S.N.), Geneva University Hospital; Diagnostic Department, Neuroradiology Division, (M.-I.V.), Neurosurgery Service (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.L.), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Alexander Lobrinus
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology (E.M., V.D., P.-Y.D., P.T., D.M.), University of Geneva, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL); Genetic Core Facility (S.N.), Geneva University Hospital; Diagnostic Department, Neuroradiology Division, (M.-I.V.), Neurosurgery Service (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.L.), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology (E.M., V.D., P.-Y.D., P.T., D.M.), University of Geneva, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL); Genetic Core Facility (S.N.), Geneva University Hospital; Diagnostic Department, Neuroradiology Division, (M.-I.V.), Neurosurgery Service (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.L.), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology (E.M., V.D., P.-Y.D., P.T., D.M.), University of Geneva, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL); Genetic Core Facility (S.N.), Geneva University Hospital; Diagnostic Department, Neuroradiology Division, (M.-I.V.), Neurosurgery Service (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.L.), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology (E.M., V.D., P.-Y.D., P.T., D.M.), University of Geneva, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva and Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL); Genetic Core Facility (S.N.), Geneva University Hospital; Diagnostic Department, Neuroradiology Division, (M.-I.V.), Neurosurgery Service (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.L.), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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99968
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Kadiyala P, Carney SV, Gauss JC, Garcia-Fabiani MB, Haase S, Alghamri MS, Núñez FJ, Liu Y, Yu M, Taher A, Nunez FM, Li D, Edwards MB, Kleer CG, Appelman H, Sun Y, Zhao L, Moon JJ, Schwendeman A, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Inhibition of 2-hydroxyglutarate elicits metabolic reprogramming and mutant IDH1 glioma immunity in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:139542. [PMID: 33332283 DOI: 10.1172/jci139542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1-R132H; mIDH1) is a hallmark of adult gliomas. Lower grade mIDH1 gliomas are classified into 2 molecular subgroups: 1p/19q codeletion/TERT-promoter mutations or inactivating mutations in α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) and TP53. This work focuses on glioma subtypes harboring mIDH1, TP53, and ATRX inactivation. IDH1-R132H is a gain-of-function mutation that converts α-ketoglutarate into 2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). The role of D-2HG within the tumor microenvironment of mIDH1/mATRX/mTP53 gliomas remains unexplored. Inhibition of D-2HG, when used as monotherapy or in combination with radiation and temozolomide (IR/TMZ), led to increased median survival (MS) of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice. Also, D-2HG inhibition elicited anti-mIDH1 glioma immunological memory. In response to D-2HG inhibition, PD-L1 expression levels on mIDH1-glioma cells increased to similar levels as observed in WT-IDH gliomas. Thus, we combined D-2HG inhibition/IR/TMZ with anti-PDL1 immune checkpoint blockade and observed complete tumor regression in 60% of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice. This combination strategy reduced T cell exhaustion and favored the generation of memory CD8+ T cells. Our findings demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming elicits anti-mIDH1 glioma immunity, leading to increased MS and immunological memory. Our preclinical data support the testing of IDH-R132H inhibitors in combination with IR/TMZ and anti-PDL1 as targeted therapy for mIDH1/mATRX/mTP53 glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Kadiyala
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen V Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica C Gauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria B Garcia-Fabiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Santiago Haase
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mahmoud S Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Felipe J Núñez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Minzhi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ayman Taher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fernando M Nunez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marta B Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Celina G Kleer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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99969
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Chen S, Chen C, Hu Y, Zhu C, Luo X, Wang L, Wang X, Sun X, Chen X, Xie W, Lou H, Huang X, Li C, Xu J, Xue X, Shen X. Three-Dimensional Ex Vivo Culture for Drug Responses of Patient-Derived Gastric Cancer Tissue. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614096. [PMID: 33659211 PMCID: PMC7917258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies with high mortality and substantial morbidity. Although the traditional treatment strategies for GC revolve around surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, none have been able to optimally treat most affected patients. To improve clinical outcomes and overcome potential GC resistance, we established a three-dimensional (3D) culturing platform that accurately predicts drug responses in a time- and cost-effective manner. We collected tumor tissues from patients following surgeries and cultured them for 3 days using our protocol. We first evaluated cell proliferation, viability, and apoptosis using the following markers: Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3 (Cas3). We demonstrated that cell viability was maintained for 72 h in culture and that the tumor microenvironments and vascular integrities of the tissues were intact throughout the culture period. We then administered chemotherapeutics to assess drug responses and found differential sensitivity across different patient-derived tissues, enabling us to determine individualized medication plans. Overall, our study validated this rapid, cost-effective, scalable, and reproducible protocol for GC tissue culture that can be employed for drug response assessments. Our 3D culture platform paves a new way for personalized medication in GC and other tumors and can greatly impact future oncological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenbin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ce Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhi Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's, Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wangkai Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Lou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xielin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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99970
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Guo Y, Gabola M, Lattanzio R, Paul C, Pinet V, Tang R, Turali H, Bremond J, Longobardi C, Maurizy C, Da Costa Q, Finetti P, Boissière-Michot F, Rivière B, Lemmers C, Garnier S, Bertucci F, Zlobec I, Chebli K, Tazi J, Azar R, Blanchard JM, Sicinski P, Mamessier E, Lemmers B, Hahne M. Cyclin A2 maintains colon homeostasis and is a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:131517. [PMID: 33332285 DOI: 10.1172/jci131517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the function of cyclin A2 in colon homeostasis and colorectal cancer (CRC), we generated mice deficient for cyclin A2 in colonic epithelial cells (CECs). Colons of these mice displayed architectural changes in the mucosa and signs of inflammation, as well as increased proliferation of CECs associated with the appearance of low- and high-grade dysplasias. The main initial events triggering those alterations in cyclin A2-deficient CECs appeared to be abnormal mitoses and DNA damage. Cyclin A2 deletion in CECs promoted the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinomas in a murine colitis-associated cancer model. We next explored the status of cyclin A2 expression in clinical CRC samples at the mRNA and protein levels and found higher expression in tumors of patients with stage 1 or 2 CRC compared with those of patients with stage 3 or 4 CRC. A meta-analysis of 11 transcriptome data sets comprising 2239 primary CRC tumors revealed different expression levels of CCNA2 (the mRNA coding for cyclin A2) among the CRC tumor subtypes, with the highest expression detected in consensus molecular subtype 1 (CMS1) and the lowest in CMS4 tumors. Moreover, we found high expression of CCNA2 to be a new, independent prognosis factor for CRC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Guo
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Monica Gabola
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Conception Paul
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Pinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Ruizhi Tang
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Hulya Turali
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Bremond
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Ciro Longobardi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Maurizy
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Quentin Da Costa
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translationnal Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France - Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Rivière
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Lemmers
- PVM, Biocampus, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Garnier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karim Chebli
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Jamal Tazi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Rania Azar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marie Blanchard
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Emilie Mamessier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Lemmers
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Hahne
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
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99971
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Liang X, Tang S, Liu X, Liu Y, Xu Q, Wang X, Saidahmatov A, Li C, Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Geng M, Huang M, Liu H. Discovery of Novel Pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine-based Derivatives as Potent JAK/HDAC Dual Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Solid Tumors. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1243-1264. [PMID: 33586434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It remains a big challenge to develop HDAC inhibitors effective for solid tumors. Previous studies have suggested that the feedback activation of JAK-STAT3 pathway represents a key mechanism leading to resistance to HDAC inhibitors in breast cancer, suggesting the therapeutic promise of JAK/HDAC dual inhibitors. In this work, we discovered a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based derivatives as potent JAK and HDAC dual inhibitors. Especially, compounds 15d and 15h potently inhibited JAK1/2/3 and HDAC1/6 and displayed antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Besides, compounds 15d and 15h also diminished the activation of LIFR-JAK-STAT signaling triggered by tumor-associated fibroblasts, which suggests that these compounds could potentially overcome the drug resistance caused by the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, compound 15d effectively inhibited the tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor model. Overall, this work provides valuable leads and novel antitumor mechanisms for the treatment of the SAHA-resistant triple-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingluo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qifu Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Abdusaid Saidahmatov
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunpu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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99972
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Wang Y, Feng LL, Ji PG, Liu JH, Guo SC, Zhai YL, Sankey EW, Wang Y, Xue YR, Wang N, Lou M, Xu M, Chao M, Gao GD, Qu Y, Gong L, Wang L. Clinical Features and Molecular Markers on Diffuse Midline Gliomas With H3K27M Mutations: A 43 Cases Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2021; 10:602553. [PMID: 33659209 PMCID: PMC7917281 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) with H3K27M mutations have been identified as a rare distinctive entity with unique genetic features, varied molecular alterations, and poor prognosis. The current study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and profile of molecular markers on patients with a DMG harboring H3K27M mutations, and explore the impact of this genetic makeup on overall survival. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 43 consecutive patients diagnosed with a DMG harboring H3K27M mutations (age range 3 to 75 years) and treated in a tertiary institution within China between January 2017 to December 2019. Various clinical and molecular factors were evaluated to assess their prognostic value in this unique patient cohort. Results The median overall survival (OS) was 12.83 months. Preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) and adjuvant radiotherapy were found to be independent clinical parameters influencing the OS by multivariate analysis (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001 respectively). Whereas extent of tumor resection failed to demonstrate statistical significance. For molecular markers, P53 overexpression was identified as a negative prognostic factor for overall survival by multivariate analysis (p = 0.030). Conclusion Low preoperative KPS, absence of radiotherapy and P53 overexpression were identified as predictors of a dismal overall survival in patients with DMG and H3K27M mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan-Lan Feng
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei-Gang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shao-Chun Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Eric W Sankey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Rong Xue
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Dong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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99973
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Barbosa AM, Gomes-Gonçalves A, Castro AG, Torrado E. Immune System Efficiency in Cancer and the Microbiota Influence. Pathobiology 2021; 88:170-186. [PMID: 33588418 DOI: 10.1159/000512326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in preventing cancer development and progression. However, the complex network of cells and soluble factor that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) can dictate the differentiation of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and shift the antitumor immune response into promoting tumor growth. With the advent of cancer immunotherapy, there has been a reinvigorated interest in defining how the TME shapes the antitumor immune response. This interest brought to light the microbiome as a novel player in shaping cancer immunosurveillance. Indeed, accumulating evidence now suggests that the microbiome may confer susceptibility or resistance to certain cancers and may influence response to therapeutics, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. As we move forward into the age of precision medicine, it is vital that we define the factors that influence the interplay between the triad immune system-microbiota-cancer. This knowledge will contribute to improve the therapeutic response to current approaches and will unravel novel targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Barbosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Gomes-Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António G Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal,
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99974
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König D, Savic Prince S, Rothschild SI. Targeted Therapy in Advanced and Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. An Update on Treatment of the Most Important Actionable Oncogenic Driver Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:804. [PMID: 33671873 PMCID: PMC7918961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to groundbreaking developments and continuous progress, the treatment of advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become an exciting, but increasingly challenging task. This applies, in particular, to the subgroup of NSCLC with oncogenic driver alterations. While the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged NSCLC with various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is well-established, new targets have been identified in the last few years and new TKIs introduced in clinical practice. Even for KRAS mutations, considered for a long time as an "un-targetable" alteration, promising new drugs are emerging. The detection and in-depth molecular analysis of resistance mechanisms has further fueled the development of new therapeutic strategies. The objective of this review is to give a comprehensive overview on the current landscape of targetable oncogenic alterations in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David König
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Spasenija Savic Prince
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sacha I. Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
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99975
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Ponnapakkam T, Anbalagan M, Stratford RE Jr, Rowan BG, Gensure RC. Novel bone-targeted parathyroid hormone-related peptide antagonists inhibit breast cancer bone metastases. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:365-75. [PMID: 33595947 DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced breast cancer often develop bone metastases. Treatment is limited to palliative care. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)/parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) antagonists for bone metastases failed clinically due to short half-life and inadequate concentration in bone. We synthesized two novel PTHrP antagonists fused to an inert bacterial collagen binding domain (CBD) that directs drugs to bone. PTH(7-33)-CBD is an N-terminal truncated PTHrP antagonist. [W2]PTH(1-33)-CBD is an PTHrP inverse-agonist. The aim of this study was to assess PTH(7-33)-CBD to reduce breast cancer bone metastases and prevent osteolytic destruction in mice and to assess both drugs for apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro and inhibition of PTH receptor (PTHR1). PTH(7-33)-CBD (1000 µg/kg, subcutaneous) or vehicle was administered 24 h prior to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell inoculation into the tibia marrow. Weekly tumor burden and bone density were measured. Pharmacokinetic analysis of PTH(7-33)-CBD in rat serum was evaluated. Drug effect on cAMP accumulation in SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed. PTH(7-33)-CBD reduced MDA-MB-231 tumor burden and osteolytic destruction in mice 4-5 weeks post-treatment. PTH(7-33)-CBD (1000 μg/kg i.v. and subcutaneous) in rats was rapidly absorbed with peak concentration 5-min and terminal half-life 3-h. Bioavailability by the subcutaneous route was 43% relative to the i.v. route. PTH(7-33)-CBD was detected only on rat periosteal bone surfaces that stained positive for collagen-1. PTH(7-33)-CBD and [W2]PTH(1-33)-CBD (10-8M) blocked basal and PTH agonist-induced cAMP accumulation in SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells. Both drugs induced PTHR1-dependent apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. Novel bone-targeted PTHrP antagonists represent a new paradigm for treatment of breast cancer bone metastases.
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99976
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Peck B, Bland P, Mavrommati I, Muirhead G, Cottom H, Wai PT, Maguire SL, Barker HE, Morrison E, Kriplani D, Yu L, Gibson A, Falgari G, Brennan K, Farnie G, Buus R, Marlow R, Novo D, Knight E, Guppy N, Kolarevic D, Susnjar S, Milijic NM, Naidoo K, Gazinska P, Roxanis I, Pancholi S, Martin LA, Holgersen EM, Cheang MCU, Noor F, Postel-Vinay S, Quinn G, McDade S, Krasny L, Huang P, Daley F, Wallberg F, Choudhary JS, Haider S, Tutt AN, Natrajan R. 3D Functional Genomics Screens Identify CREBBP as a Targetable Driver in Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:847-859. [PMID: 33509944 PMCID: PMC7611219 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are resistant to standard-of-care chemotherapy and lack known targetable driver gene alterations. Identification of novel drivers could aid the discovery of new treatment strategies for this hard-to-treat patient population, yet studies using high-throughput and accurate models to define the functions of driver genes in TNBC to date have been limited. Here, we employed unbiased functional genomics screening of the 200 most frequently mutated genes in breast cancer, using spheroid cultures to model in vivo-like conditions, and identified the histone acetyltransferase CREBBP as a novel tumor suppressor in TNBC. CREBBP protein expression in patient tumor samples was absent in 8% of TNBCs and at a high frequency in other tumors, including squamous lung cancer, where CREBBP-inactivating mutations are common. In TNBC, CREBBP alterations were associated with higher genomic heterogeneity and poorer patient survival and resulted in upregulation and dependency on a FOXM1 proliferative program. Targeting FOXM1-driven proliferation indirectly with clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) selectively impaired growth in spheroids, cell line xenografts, and patient-derived models from multiple tumor types with CREBBP mutations or loss of protein expression. In conclusion, we have identified CREBBP as a novel driver in aggressive TNBC and identified an associated genetic vulnerability in tumor cells with alterations in CREBBP and provide a preclinical rationale for assessing CREBBP alterations as a biomarker of CDK4/6i response in a new patient population. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that CREBBP genomic alterations drive aggressive TNBC, lung cancer, and lymphomas and may be selectively treated with clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrie Peck
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Bland
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Mavrommati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Muirhead
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Cottom
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Patty T Wai
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Maguire
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Holly E Barker
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eamonn Morrison
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Kriplani
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Yu
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Gibson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Falgari
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Brennan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Farnie
- SGC Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Buus
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Marlow
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Novo
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Knight
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Guppy
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Kolarevic
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Snezana Susnjar
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Medic Milijic
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, The Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kalnisha Naidoo
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil Pancholi
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Erle M Holgersen
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie C U Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Farzana Noor
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- Department of Drug Development (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- UMR981, ATIP-Avenir team, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Gerard Quinn
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Simon McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Krasny
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Daley
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Fredrik Wallberg
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England, United Kingdom
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99977
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Saksis R, Silamikelis I, Laksa P, Megnis K, Peculis R, Mandrika I, Rogoza O, Petrovska R, Balcere I, Konrade I, Steina L, Stukens J, Breiksa A, Nazarovs J, Sokolovska J, Pirags V, Klovins J, Rovite V. Medication for Acromegaly Reduces Expression of MUC16, MACC1 and GRHL2 in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumour Tissue. Front Oncol 2021; 10:593760. [PMID: 33680922 PMCID: PMC7928352 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is a disease mainly caused by pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) overproducing growth hormone. First-line medication for this condition is the use of somatostatin analogs (SSAs), that decrease tumor mass and induce antiproliferative effects on PitNET cells. Dopamine agonists (DAs) can also be used if SSA treatment is not effective. This study aimed to determine differences in transcriptome signatures induced by SSA/DA therapy in PitNET tissue. We selected tumor tissue from twelve patients with somatotropinomas, with half of the patients receiving SSA/DA treatment before surgery and the other half treatment naive. Transcriptome sequencing was then carried out to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their protein–protein interactions, using pathway analyses. We found 34 upregulated and six downregulated DEGs in patients with SSA/DA treatment. Three tumor development promoting factors MUC16, MACC1, and GRHL2, were significantly downregulated in therapy administered PitNET tissue; this finding was supported by functional studies in GH3 cells. Protein–protein interactions and pathway analyses revealed extracellular matrix involvement in the antiproliferative effects of this type of the drug treatment, with pronounced alterations in collagen regulation. Here, we have demonstrated that somatotropinomas can be distinguished based on their transcriptional profiles following SSA/DA therapy, and SSA/DA treatment does indeed cause changes in gene expression. Treatment with SSA/DA significantly downregulated several factors involved in tumorigenesis, including MUC16, MACC1, and GRHL2. Genes that were upregulated, however, did not have a direct influence on antiproliferative function in the PitNET cells. These findings suggested that SSA/DA treatment acted in a tumor suppressive manner and furthermore, collagen related interactions and pathways were enriched, implicating extracellular matrix involvement in this anti-tumor effect of drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihards Saksis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Pola Laksa
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Megnis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Raitis Peculis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Mandrika
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Olesja Rogoza
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Inga Balcere
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Konrade
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Liva Steina
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Stukens
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Austra Breiksa
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Valdis Pirags
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.,University of Latvia Faculty of Medicine, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
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99978
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Zhou HM, Zhang JG, Zhang X, Li Q. Targeting cancer stem cells for reversing therapy resistance: mechanism, signaling, and prospective agents. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:62. [PMID: 33589595 PMCID: PMC7884707 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) show a self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential that contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, the underlying processes are still unclear. Elucidation of the key hallmarks and resistance mechanisms of CSCs may help improve patient outcomes and reduce relapse by altering therapeutic regimens. Here, we reviewed the identification of CSCs, the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of therapy resistance in CSCs, the signaling pathways of CSCs that mediate treatment failure, and potential CSC-targeting agents in various tumors from the clinical perspective. Targeting the mechanisms and pathways described here might contribute to further drug discovery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ming Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of medicine, No.100 Haining Road, 200080, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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99979
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Boudjadi S, Pandey PR, Chatterjee B, Nguyen TH, Sun W, Barr FG. A Fusion Transcription Factor-Driven Cancer Progresses to a Fusion-Independent Relapse via Constitutive Activation of a Downstream Transcriptional Target. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2930-2942. [PMID: 33589519 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted monotherapies usually fail due to development of resistance by a subgroup of cells that evolve into recurrent tumors. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive myogenic soft-tissue cancer that is associated with a characteristic PAX3-FOXO1 gene fusion encoding a novel fusion transcription factor. In our myoblast model of PAX3-FOXO1-induced rhabdomyosarcoma, deinduction of PAX3-FOXO1 simulates a targeted therapy that antagonizes the fusion oncoprotein. This simulated therapy results initially in regression of the primary tumors, but PAX3-FOXO1-independent recurrent tumors eventually form after a delay. We report here that upregulation of FGF8, a direct transcriptional target of PAX3-FOXO1, is a mechanism responsible for PAX3-FOXO1-independent tumor recurrence. As a transcriptional target of PAX3-FOXO1, FGF8 promoted oncogenic activity in PAX3-FOXO1-expressing primary tumors that developed in the myoblast system. In the recurrent tumors forming after PAX3-FOXO1 deinduction, FGF8 expression was necessary and sufficient to induce PAX3-FOXO1-independent tumor growth through an autocrine mechanism. FGF8 was also expressed in human PAX3-FOXO1-expressing rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and contributed to proliferation and transformation. In a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with reduced PAX3-FOXO1 expression, FGF8 upregulation rescued oncogenicity and simulated recurrence after PAX3-FOXO1-targeted therapy. We propose that deregulated expression of a PAX3-FOXO1 transcriptional target can generate resistance to therapy directed against this oncogenic transcription factor and postulate that this resistance mechanism may ultimately be countered by therapeutic approaches that antagonize the corresponding downstream pathways. SIGNIFICANCE: In a model of cancer initiated by a fusion transcription factor, constitutive activation of a downstream transcriptional target leads to fusion oncoprotein-independent recurrences, thereby highlighting a novel progression mechanism and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Boudjadi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Puspa Raj Pandey
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Thanh Hung Nguyen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wenyue Sun
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frederic G Barr
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.
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99980
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Zhang L, Niu H, Yang P, Ma J, Yuan BY, Zeng ZC, Xiang ZL. Serum lnc34a is a potential prediction biomarker for bone metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:161. [PMID: 33588789 PMCID: PMC7885499 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early screening and intervention therapies are crucial to improve the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with bone metastasis. We aimed to identify serum lncRNA as a prediction biomarker in HCC bone metastasis. Methods The expression levels of lnc34a in serum samples from 157 HCC patients were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to determine statistically significant variables. Results Expression levels of lnc34a in serum from HCC patients with bone metastasis were significantly higher than those without bone metastasis. The high expressions of lnc34a, vascular invasion and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage were associated with bone metastasis by analysis. Moreover, lnc34a expression was specifically associated with bone metastasis rather than lung or lymph node metastasis in HCC. Conclusions High serum lnc34a expression was a independent risk factor for developing bone metastasis in HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07808-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bao-Ying Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Chong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zuo-Lin Xiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China. .,Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, 80 Ji'an South Road, Ji'an City, 343000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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99981
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Floros KV, Jacob S, Kurupi R, Fairchild CK, Hu B, Puchalapalli M, E Koblinski J, Dozmorov MG, Boikos SA, Scaltriti M, Faber AC. Targeting transcription of MCL-1 sensitizes HER2-amplified breast cancers to HER2 inhibitors. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:179. [PMID: 33589591 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene (HER2) is focally amplified in approximately 20% of breast cancers. HER2 inhibitors alone are not effective, and sensitizing agents will be necessary to move away from a reliance on heavily toxic chemotherapeutics. We recently demonstrated that the efficacy of HER2 inhibitors is mitigated by uniformly low levels of the myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) endogenous inhibitor, NOXA. Emerging clinical data have demonstrated that clinically advanced cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors are effective MCL-1 inhibitors in patients, and, importantly, well tolerated. We, therefore, tested whether the CDK inhibitor, dinaciclib, could block MCL-1 in preclinical HER2-amplified breast cancer models and therefore sensitize these cancers to dual HER2/EGFR inhibitors neratinib and lapatinib, as well as to the novel selective HER2 inhibitor tucatinib. Indeed, we found dinaciclib suppresses MCL-1 RNA and is highly effective at sensitizing HER2 inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. This combination was tolerable in vivo. Mechanistically, liberating the effector BCL-2 protein, BAK, from MCL-1 results in robust apoptosis. Thus, clinically advanced CDK inhibitors may effectively combine with HER2 inhibitors and present a chemotherapy-free therapeutic strategy in HER2-amplified breast cancer, which can be tested immediately in the clinic.
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99982
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He J, Han Z, An Z, Li Y, Xie X, Zhou J, He S, Lv Y, He M, Qu H, Liu G, Li Y. The miR-203a Regulatory Network Affects the Proliferation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616711. [PMID: 33659248 PMCID: PMC7917221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the molecular mechanism by which miR-203a affects the development of CML, bioinformatics software was used to predict the upstream transcription factors and downstream target genes of miR-203a. A 5’-rapid amplification of cDNA ends assay was performed to detect gene transcription initiation sites. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to verify the binding of transcription factors and promoter regions. A double luciferase reporter gene vector was constructed to demonstrate the regulatory effect of miR-203a on target genes. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the relative expression levels of genes and proteins, respectively. The results showed that there was a binding site for the transcription factor EGR1 in the upstream promoter region of miR-203a. WT1, BMI1, and XIAP were identified as target genes regulated by miR-203a. EGR1 and miR-203a were downregulated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the CML K562 cell line, while WT1, BMI1, and XIAP were upregulated. The transcription initiation site of miR-203a was identified in the upstream promoter region (G nucleotide at −339 bp), and the transcription factor EGR1 could bind to the promoter region (at −268 bp) of miR-203a and increase its expression. Over expression of miR-203a inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells. A rescue assay showed that overexpression of WT1, BMI1, and XIAP offset the antitumor effect of miR-203a. Conclusion, EGR1 positively regulated the expression of miR-203a, thus relieving the inhibition of miR-203a on the translation of its target genes (WT1, BMI1, and XIAP) and affecting the proliferation of K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi An
- Department of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingyi Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihua He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubing Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengling He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Qu
- Department of Hematology, PanYu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gexiu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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99983
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Dybska E, Adams AT, Duclaux-Loras R, Walkowiak J, Nowak JK. Waiting in the wings: RUNX3 reveals hidden depths of immune regulation with potential implications for inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13025. [PMID: 33528856 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex interactions between the environment and the mucosal immune system underlie inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The involved cytokine signalling pathways are modulated by a number of transcription factors, one of which is runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3). OBJECTIVE To systematically review the immune roles of RUNX3 in immune regulation, with a focus on the context of IBD. METHODS Relevant articles and reviews were identified through a Scopus search in April 2020. Information was categorized by immune cell types, analysed and synthesized. IBD transcriptome data sets and FANTOM5 regulatory networks were processed in order to complement the literature review. RESULTS The available evidence on the immune roles of RUNX3 allowed for its description in twelve cell types: intraepithelial lymphocyte, Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, double-positive T, cytotoxic T, B, dendritic, innate lymphoid, natural killer and macrophages. In the gut, the activity of RUNX3 is multifaceted and context-dependent: it may promote homeostasis or exacerbated reactions via cytokine signalling and regulation of receptor expression. RUNX3 is mostly engaged in pathways involving ThPOK, T-bet, IFN-γ, TGF-β/IL-2Rβ, GATA/CBF-β, SMAD/p300 and a number of miRNAs. RUNX3 targets relevant to IBD may include RAG1, OSM and IL-17B. Moreover, in IBD RUNX3 expression correlates positively with GZMM, and negatively with IFNAR1, whereas in controls, it strongly associates with TGFBR3. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulation of RUNX3, mostly in the form of deficiency, likely contributes to IBD pathogenesis. More clinical research is needed to examine RUNX3 in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Dybska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alex T Adams
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rémi Duclaux-Loras
- INSERM U1111, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan K Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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99984
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Zhang S, Chen Z, Shi P, Fan S, He Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Ramalingam SS, Owonikoko TK, Sun SY. Downregulation of death receptor 4 is tightly associated with positive response of EGFR mutant lung cancer to EGFR-targeted therapy and improved prognosis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3964-3980. [PMID: 33664875 PMCID: PMC7914351 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 4 (DR4), a cell surface receptor, mediates apoptosis or induces inflammatory cytokine secretion upon binding to its ligand depending on cell contexts. Its prognostic impact in lung cancer and connection between EGFR-targeted therapy and DR4 modulation has not been reported and thus was the focus of this study. Methods: Intracellular protein alterations were measured by Western blotting. Cell surface protein was detected with antibody staining and flow cytometry. mRNA expression was monitored with qRT-PCR. Gene transactivation was analyzed with promoter reporter assay. Drug dynamic effects in vivo were evaluated using xenografts. Gene modulations were achieved with gene overexpression and knockdown. Proteins in human archived tissues were stained with immunohistochemistry. Results: EGFR inhibitors (e.g., osimertinib) decreased DR4 levels only in EGFR mutant NSCLC cells and tumors, being tightly associated with induction of apoptosis. This modulation was lost once cells became resistant to these inhibitors. Increased levels of DR4 were detected in cell lines with acquired osimertinib resistance and in NSCLC tissues relapsed from EGFR-targeted therapy. DR4 knockdown induced apoptosis and augmented apoptosis when combined with osimertinib in both sensitive and resistant cell lines, whereas enforced DR4 expression significantly attenuated osimertinib-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, osimertinib induced MARCH8-mediated DR4 proteasomal degradation and suppressed MEK/ERK/AP-1-dependent DR4 transcription, resulting in DR4 downregulation. Moreover, we found that DR4 positive expression in human lung adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with poor patient survival. Conclusions: Collectively, we suggest that DR4 downregulation is coupled to therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapy and predicts improved prognosis, revealing a previously undiscovered connection between EGFR-targeted therapy and DR4 modulation.
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99985
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Zhang J, Sun B, Ruan X, Hou X, Zhi J, Meng X, Zheng X, Gao M. Oncoprotein HBXIP promotes tumorigenesis through MAPK/ERK pathway activation in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:105-119. [PMID: 33628588 PMCID: PMC7877173 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The oncoprotein, hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP), has been reported to play an important role in human malignancies. However, its functions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to identify the role of HBXIP in the regulation of NSCLC development. Methods: The level of HBXIP expression in NSCLC tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses, and its relationships with clinicopathological features and outcomes were statistically evaluated. The effects of HBXIP on NSCLC cell progression were assessed through cell viability, colony formation, and flow cytometry analyses in vitro. The mechanism by which HBXIP regulated the MAPK pathway was studied by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the progression of NSCLC and ERK signaling pathway activation after HBXIP knockdown. Results: HBXIP was overexpressed in human NSCLC and was correlated with the invasiveness of NSCLC. The high expression of HBXIP in NSCLC was significantly correlated with gender (P = 0.033), N stage (P = 0.002), and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P = 0.008). In vitro experiments using an NSCLC cell line revealed that HBXIP knockdown resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation and colony formation, which was consistent with the enhanced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. The results of a mechanistic investigation suggested that binding of HBXIP to MEK1 protein promoted MAPK/ERK signaling pathway activation in NSCLC by preventing the proteasome-mediated degradation of MEK1. In addition, the results obtained using in vivo subcutaneous tumor xenografts confirmed that HBXIP deficiency decreased MEK1 protein levels and NSCLC tumor growth. Conclusions: Taken together, our results showed that the HBXIP-MEK interaction promoted oncogenesis via the MAPK/ERK pathway, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cancers in which MAPK/ERK signaling is a dominant feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Outpatient Office, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiukun Hou
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jingtai Zhi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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99986
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Quinaglia T, Shabani M, Breder I, Silber HA, Lima JAC, Sposito AC. Coronavirus disease-19: The multi-level, multi-faceted vasculopathy. Atherosclerosis 2021; 322:39-50. [PMID: 33706082 PMCID: PMC7883684 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a systemic disease. Mounting evidence depict signs and symptoms involving multiple organs, most of which supported by pathological data. A plausible link to these manifestations is vascular and endothelial dysfunction/damage. However, much of the current knowledge relies on opinion and incipient evidence. We aim to objectively appraise current evidence on the association between COVID-19 and vascular disease, specifically endotheliitis and vasculitis. METHODS Two researchers independently entered the search terms COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 AND vasculitis, endotheliitis OR endothelium in the following online platforms: MedRxiv and LitCovid (PubMed). The search period was set from November 1, 2019 to August 28, 2020. Manuscripts with unavailable full texts, not in English, mainly on pre-clinical data, presenting only study designs or not directly related to the topics of this review were excluded. Retrospective and prospective studies, especially longitudinal ones, were given priority to the purpose of this review. Since there was paucity of prospective controlled evidence, case reports/series were also considered. RESULTS A total of 318 manuscripts were initially found. Sixty-seven (21%) were excluded: 59 (18.5%) met exclusion criteria and 8 (2.5%) were duplicates. One hundred and forty-two manuscripts (44,6%) did not provide original data and were also excluded: 35 (11%) were comments, 108 (33.9%) reviews; 1 (0.3%) position paper. One hundred and seven (33.6%) studies were considered for the present scoping review: 81 (25,5%) case reports/series; 18 (5.7%) prospective; 8 (2.5%) retrospective. Viral inclusions in endothelial cells, mononuclear cell infiltrates in the intima of small vessels and markers of endothelial cell apoptosis were demonstrated. Specificities of COVID-19 may lead to diverse vascular manifestations in different levels of the vascular bed. CONCLUSIONS Evidence indicates that COVID-19 targets vasculature and endothelium. However, high quality data is still lacking and studies with prospective designs and appropriately matched controls are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Quinaglia
- Discipline of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Science - State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mahsima Shabani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ikaro Breder
- Discipline of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Science - State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harry A Silber
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - João A C Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Discipline of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Science - State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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99987
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Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is projected to overtake infectious disease as the leading cause of mortality in Africa within the next two decades. Cancer is a group of genomic diseases that presents with intra- and inter-population unique phenotypes, with Black populations having the burden of morbidity and mortality for most types. At large, the prevention and treatment of cancers have been propelled by the understanding of the genetic make-up of the disease of mostly non-African populations. By the same token, there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the underlying genetic causes of, and genomic alterations associated with, cancer among black Africans. Accordingly, we performed a review of the literature to survey existing studies on cancer genetics/genomics and curated findings pertaining to publications across multiple cancer types conducted on African populations. We used PubMed MeSH terms to retrieve the relevant publications from 1990 to December 2019. The metadata of these publications were extracted using R text mining packages: RISmed and Pubmed.mineR. The data showed that only 0.329% of cancer publications globally were on Africa, and only 0.016% were on cancer genetics/genomics from Africa. Although the most prevalent cancers in Africa are cancers of the breast, cervix, uterus, and prostate, publications representing breast, colorectal, liver, and blood cancers were the most frequent in our review. The most frequently reported cancer genes were BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. Next, the genes reported in the reviewed publications’ abstracts were extracted and annotated into three gene ontology classes. Genes in the cellular component class were mostly associated with cell part and organelle part, while those in biological process and molecular function classes were mainly associated with cell process, biological regulation, and binding, and catalytic activity, respectively. Overall, this review highlights the paucity of research on cancer genomics on African populations, identified gaps, and discussed the need for concerted efforts to encourage more research on cancer genomics in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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99988
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van Bijsterveldt L, Durley SC, Maughan TS, Humphrey TC. The Challenge of Combining Chemo- and Radiotherapy with Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:937-962. [PMID: 33257428 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of cancer have demonstrated enhanced efficacy of cell-cycle checkpoint kinase inhibitors when used in combination with genotoxic agents. This combination therapy is predicted to be exquisitely toxic to cells with a deficient G1-S checkpoint or cells with a genetic predisposition leading to intrinsic DNA replication stress, as these cancer cells become fully dependent on the intra-S and G2-M checkpoints for DNA repair and cellular survival. Therefore, abolishing remaining cell-cycle checkpoints after damage leads to increased cell death in a tumor cell-specific fashion. However, the preclinical success of these drug combinations is not consistently replicated in clinical trials. Here, we provide a perspective on the translation of preclinical studies into rationally designed clinical studies. We will discuss successes and failures of current treatment combinations and drug regimens and provide a detailed overview of all clinical trials using ATR, CHK1, or WEE1 inhibitors in combination with genotoxic agents. This highlights the need for revised patient stratification and the use of appropriate pharmacodynamic biomarkers to improve the success rate of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van Bijsterveldt
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel C Durley
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim S Maughan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy C Humphrey
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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99989
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Zhang X, Chen X, Wang L, He C, Shi Z, Fu Q, Xu W, Zhang S, Hu S. Review of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicines as a Therapeutic Option for Ionizing Radiation Induced Damage. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:617559. [PMID: 33658941 PMCID: PMC7917257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.617559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation damage refers to acute, delayed, or chronic tissue damage associated with ionizing radiation. Specific or effective therapeutic options for systemic injuries induced by ionizing radiation have not been developed. Studies have shown that Chinese herbal Medicine or Chinese Herbal Prescription exhibit preventive properties against radiation damage. These medicines inhibit tissue injuries and promote repair with very minimal side effects. This study reviews traditional Chinese herbal medicines and prescriptions with radiation protective effects as well as their mechanisms of action. The information obtained will guide the development of alternative radioprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyu Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sumin Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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99990
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Chaves-Moreira D, Morin PJ, Drapkin R. Unraveling the Mysteries of PAX8 in Reproductive Tract Cancers. Cancer Res 2021; 81:806-810. [PMID: 33361393 PMCID: PMC8026505 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paired Box 8 (PAX8) is a lineage-specific transcription factor that has essential roles during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. The importance of PAX8 in the development of the reproductive system is highlighted by abnormalities observed upon the loss or mutation of this PAX family member. In cancer, PAX8 expression is deregulated in a key set of neoplasms, including those arising from the Müllerian ducts. The roles of PAX8 in oncogenesis are diverse and include epigenetic remodeling, stimulation of proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and regulation of angiogenesis. PAX8 can interact with different protein partners during cancer progression and may exhibit significant function-altering alternative splicing. Moreover, expression of PAX8 in cancer can also serve as a biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. In this review, we focus on the roles of PAX8 in cancers of the reproductive system. Understanding the diverse mechanisms of action of PAX8 in development and oncogenesis may identify new vulnerabilities in malignancies that currently lack effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Chaves-Moreira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrice J Morin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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99991
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Cai X, Young GM, Xie W. The xenobiotic receptors PXR and CAR in liver physiology, an update. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166101. [PMID: 33600998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are two nuclear receptors that are well-known for their roles in xenobiotic detoxification by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. In addition to metabolizing drugs and other xenobiotics, the same enzymes and transporters are also responsible for the production and elimination of numerous endogenous chemicals, or endobiotics. Moreover, both PXR and CAR are highly expressed in the liver. As such, it is conceivable that PXR and CAR have major potentials to affect the pathophysiology of the liver by regulating the homeostasis of endobiotics. In recent years, the physiological functions of PXR and CAR in the liver have been extensively studied. Emerging evidence has suggested the roles of PXR and CAR in energy metabolism, bile acid homeostasis, cell proliferation, to name a few. This review summarizes the recent progress in our understanding of the roles of PXR and CAR in liver physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Cai
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gregory M Young
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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99992
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Shen M, Xie S, Rowicki M, Michel S, Wei Y, Hang X, Wan L, Lu X, Yuan M, Jin JF, Jaschinski F, Zhou T, Klar R, Kang Y. Therapeutic Targeting of Metadherin Suppresses Colorectal and Lung Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1014-1025. [PMID: 33239430 PMCID: PMC8026491 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal and lung cancers account for one-third of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. Previous studies suggested that metadherin (MTDH) is involved in the development of colorectal and lung cancers. However, how MTDH regulates the pathogenesis of these cancers remains largely unknown. Using genetically modified mouse models of spontaneous colorectal and lung cancers, we found that MTDH promotes cancer progression by facilitating Wnt activation and by inducing cytotoxic T-cell exhaustion, respectively. Moreover, we developed locked nucleic acid-modified (LNA) MTDH antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) that effectively and specifically suppress MTDH expression in vitro and in vivo. Treatments with MTDH ASOs in mouse models significantly attenuated progression and metastasis of colorectal, lung, and breast cancers. Our study opens a new avenue for developing therapies against colorectal and lung cancers by targeting MTDH using LNA-modified ASO. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides new insights into the mechanism of MTDH in promoting colorectal and lung cancers, as well as genetic and pharmacologic evidence supporting the development of MTDH-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Michelle Rowicki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Sven Michel
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Xiang Hang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Liling Wan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - John F Jin
- Firebrand Therapeutics, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Frank Jaschinski
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Klar
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
- Cancer Metabolism and Growth Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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99993
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Hu D, Xu X, Zhao Z, Li C, Tian Y, Liu Q, Shao B, Chen S, Zhao Y, Li L, Bi H, Chen A, Fu C, Cui X, Zeng Y. Detecting urine metabolites of bladder cancer by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 247:119108. [PMID: 33161263 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Metabolites present in urine reflect the current phenotype of the cancer state. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be used in urine supernatant or sediment to largely reflect the metabolic status of the body. MATERIALS & METHODS SERS was performed to detect bladder cancer (BCa) and predict tumour grade from urine supernatant, which contains various system metabolites, as well as from urine sediment, which contains exfoliated tumour cells. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Upon combining the urinary supernatant and sediment results, the total diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of SERS were 100% and 98.85%, respectively, for high-grade tumours and 97.53% and 90.80%, respectively, for low-grade tumours. CONCLUSION The present results suggest high potential for SERS to detect BCa from urine, especially when combining both urinary supernatant and sediment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Hu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xiaosong Xu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Zeyin Zhao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Changqi Li
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Huan Bi
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
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99994
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Shen M, Liu S, Stoyanova T. The role of Trop2 in prostate cancer: an oncogene, biomarker, and therapeutic target. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2021; 9:73-87. [PMID: 33816696 PMCID: PMC8012837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths amongst American men. Trop2, a cell surface glycoprotein, correlates with poor clinical outcome and is highly expressed in metastatic, treatment-resistant prostate cancer. High levels of Trop2 are prognostic for biochemical recurrence. Trop2 regulates tumor growth and metastatic ability of prostate cancer. Moreover, overexpression of Trop2 drives the transdifferentiation to neuroendocrine phenotype in prostate cancer. In addition, Trop2 is overexpressed across epithelial cancers and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in various solid epithelial cancers. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) recently approved the use of a Trop2-targeting ADC (antibody-drug conjugate), Sacituzumab Govitecan (IMMU-132), for metastatic, triple-negative breast cancer with at least two prior therapies. Here, we review the role of Trop2 in prostate tumorigenesis and its potential as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Shen
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University USA
| | - Shiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University USA
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University USA
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99995
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Semaan A, Bernard V, Lee JJ, Wong JW, Huang J, Swartzlander DB, Stephens BM, Monberg ME, Weston BR, Bhutani MS, Chang K, Scheet PA, Maitra A, Jakubek YA, Guerrero PA. Defining the Comprehensive Genomic Landscapes of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using Real-World Endoscopic Aspiration Samples. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1082-1093. [PMID: 33188144 PMCID: PMC7887035 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) present with surgically unresectable cancer. As a result, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the most common biospecimen source available for diagnosis in treatment-naïve patients. Unfortunately, these limited samples are often not considered adequate for genomic analysis, precluding the opportunity for enrollment on precision medicine trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Applying an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-enrichment strategy, we show the feasibility of using real-world EUS-FNA for in-depth, molecular-barcoded, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and somatic copy-number alteration (SCNA) analysis in 23 patients with PDAC. RESULTS Potentially actionable mutations were identified in >20% of patients. Further, an increased mutational burden and higher aneuploidy in WES data were associated with an adverse prognosis. To identify predictive biomarkers for first-line chemotherapy, we developed an SCNA-based complexity score that was associated with response to platinum-based regimens in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results emphasize the feasibility of real-world cytology samples for in-depth genomic characterization of PDAC and show the prognostic potential of SCNA for PDAC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Semaan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vincent Bernard
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaewon J Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin W Wong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan Huang
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel B Swartzlander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bret M Stephens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria E Monberg
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian R Weston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Manoop S Bhutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul A Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yasminka A Jakubek
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Paola A Guerrero
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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99996
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Berg JL, Perfler B, Hatzl S, Uhl B, Reinisch A, Pregartner G, Berghold A, Penz T, Schuster M, Geissler K, Prokesch A, Müller-Tidow C, Hoefler G, Kashofer K, Wölfler A, Sill H, Caraffini V, Zebisch A. EZH2 inactivation in RAS-driven myeloid neoplasms hyperactivates RAS-signaling and increases MEK inhibitor sensitivity. Leukemia 2021; 35:1521-6. [PMID: 33589750 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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99997
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Mukwaya A, Jensen L, Lagali N. Relapse of pathological angiogenesis: functional role of the basement membrane and potential treatment strategies. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:189-201. [PMID: 33589713 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Blinding eye diseases such as corneal neovascularization, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration are driven by pathological angiogenesis. In cancer, angiogenesis is key for tumor growth and metastasis. Current antiangiogenic treatments applied clinically interfere with the VEGF signaling pathway-the main angiogenic pathway-to inhibit angiogenesis. These treatments are, however, only partially effective in regressing new pathologic vessels, and the disease relapses following cessation of treatment. Moreover, the relapse of pathological angiogenesis can be rapid, aggressive and more difficult to treat than angiogenesis in the initial phase. The manner in which relapse occurs is poorly understood; however, recent studies have begun to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the revascularization process. Hypotheses have been generated to explain the rapid angiogenic relapse and increased resistance of relapsed disease to treatment. In this context, the present review summarizes knowledge of the various mechanisms of disease relapse gained from different experimental models of pathological angiogenesis. In addition, the basement membrane-a remnant of regressed vessels-is examined in detail to discuss its potential role in disease relapse. Finally, approaches for gaining a better understanding of the relapse process are discussed, including prospects for the management of relapse in the context of disease.
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Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of skin-homing non-Hodgkin lymphomas. There are limited options for effective treatment of patients with advanced-stage CTCL, leading to a poor survival rate. Epigenetics plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic alterations are involved in virtually all key cancer-associated pathways and are fundamental to the genesis of cancer. In recent years, the epigenetic hallmarks of CTCL have been gradually elucidated and their potential values in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention have been clarified. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the best-studied epigenetic modifications in CTCL, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and chromatin remodelers. These epigenetic regulators are essential in the development of CTCL and provide new insights into the clinical treatments of this refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Lai
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing 100034, China
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Kiesgen S, Messinger JC, Chintala NK, Tano Z, Adusumilli PS. Comparative analysis of assays to measure CAR T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1331-42. [PMID: 33589826 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor efficacy of genetically engineered 'living drugs', including chimeric antigen receptor and T-cell receptor T cells, is influenced by their activation, proliferation, inhibition, and exhaustion. A sensitive and reproducible cytotoxicity assay that collectively reflects these functions is an essential requirement for translation of these cellular therapeutic agents. Here, we compare various in vitro cytotoxicity assays (including chromium release, bioluminescence, impedance, and flow cytometry) with respect to their experimental setup, appropriate uses, advantages, and disadvantages, and measures to overcome their limitations. We also highlight the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) directives for a potency assay for release of clinical cell therapy products. In addition, we discuss advanced assays of repeated antigen exposure and simultaneous testing of combinations of immune effector cells, immunomodulatory antibodies, and targets with variable antigen expression. This review article should help to equip investigators with the necessary knowledge to select appropriate cytotoxicity assays to test the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents alone or in combination.
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Hu ZG, Chen YB, Huang M, Tu JB, Tu SJ, Pan YJ, Chen XL, He SQ. PLG inhibits Hippo signaling pathway through SRC in the hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular-carcinoma progression. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:515-531. [PMID: 33594307 PMCID: PMC7868837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanisms of pathogenesis still remain unclear. METHODS We screened the 1351 differentially expressed genes related to HBV-induced HCC by bioinformatics analysis from databases and found that Plasminogen (PLG) may be a key gene in HBV-induced HCC progression. Then, we used a series of experiments in vivo and in vitro to explore the roles of PLG in HBV-HCC progression, such as qRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay, subcutaneous xenografts and histopathological analysis to reveal the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS PLG was over-expressed in HBV positive hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cells. PLG silencing promoted HBV-HCC cell apoptosis in vitro and suppressed the growth of HBV-induced HCC xenografts in vivo both through inhibiting HBV replication. Then, GO and KEGG analysis of these differentially expressed genes revealed that the Hippo pathway was the key pathway involved in HBV-induced HCC, and SRC, a downstream target gene of PLG, was highly expressed in HBV-induced HCC and related to the Hippo pathway. Thus, we speculated that PLG promoted HBV-induced HCC progression through up-regulating and activating the expression of SRC and promoting Hippo signaling pathway function on HBV-HCC cell survival. CONCLUSION Our study suggests PLG may be an activator of HBV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma development, as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HBV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, P. R. China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Bo Tu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ju Tu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Juan Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Li Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityJiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Song-Qing He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, P. R. China
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