99951
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Abstract
Modulating the tumor immune microenvironment to activate immune cells has been investigated to convert cold to hot tumors. Here, we report that metal-lipid hybrid nanoparticle (MLN)-mediated gene editing of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) can restructure the tumor microenvironment to an "immune activated" state for subsequent immunotherapy. MLNs with cationic lipids and elemental metallic Au inside were designed to deliver plasmid DNA encoding TGF-β single guide RNA and Cas9 protein (pC9sTgf) and to convert near-infrared light (NIR) to heat. Upon NIR irradiation, MLNs induced photothermal anticancer effects and calreticulin exposure on B16F10 cancer cells. Lipoplexes of pC9sTgf and MLN (pC9sTgf@MLN) provided gene editing of B16F10 cells and in vivo tumor tissues. In mice treated with pC9sTgf@MLNs and NIR irradiation, the tumor microenvironment showed increases in mature dendritic cells, cytotoxic T cells, and interferon-γ expression. In B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, intratumoral injection of pC9sTgf@MLNs and NIR irradiation resulted in ablation of primary tumors. Application of pC9sTgf@MLNs and NIR irradiation prevented the growth of secondarily challenged B16F10 cells at distant sites and B16F10 lung metastasis. Combined TGF-β gene editing and phototherapy is herein supported as a modality for restructuring the tumor immune microenvironment and preventing tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayong Shim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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99952
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Al-Mansoori L, Al Qahtani AD, Elsinga P, Goda SK. Production of Long-Acting CNGRC-CPG2 Fusion Proteins: New Derivatives to Overcome Drug Immunogenicity of Ligand-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy for Targeted Cancer Treatment. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211057371. [PMID: 34802309 PMCID: PMC8606725 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211057371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Aminopeptidase N (APN) is an enzyme highly expressed in metastatic cancers and could be used in targeted cancer therapy. Our previous work showed the successful construction of CNGRC–carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) and CNGRC–CPG2–CNGRC fusion proteins. Our conjugates and prodrugs were effective in targeting high APN-expressing cancer cells. In the present study, we aim to produce long-acting fusion proteins to overcome 2 of the main drawbacks of antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Methods: N-terminal and N-, C-terminal fusion CPG2, CNGRC–CPG2, and CNGRC–CPG2–CNGRC, respectively, were PEGylated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) maleimide (40K). We examined the effect of PEGylation on the therapeutic efficacy of the new products. The resulting PEGylated fusion proteins were tested for their stability, ex vivo immunotoxicity, binding capacity to their target on high HT1080, and low A549 APN-expressing cells. The catalytic activity of the resulting PEGylated fusion CPG2 proteins was investigated. Pro-drug “ZD2767P” cytotoxic effect in association with PEG CPG2–CNGRC fusion proteins on cancer cells was studied. Results: Our work demonstrated that the properties of the PEGylated single-fused proteins were significantly improved over that of un-PEGylated fused CPG2, and its kinetic activity and APN-binding affinity were not negatively affected by the PEGylation. Significantly, The PEGylated single-fused CPG2 had lower immunogenicity than the un-PEGylated CPG2. Our results, however, were different in the case of the PEGylated double-fused CPG2. Although its stability in human serum under physiological conditions was not significantly affected, the kinetic activity and its binding affinity to their cellular marker (APN) were substantially reduced. When the study was performed with high and low APN-expressing cancer cell lines, using the prodrug ZD2767p, the PEGylated fusion CPG2 demonstrated cancer cell killing effects. Conclusion: We have successfully produced PEGylated-CNGRC–CPG2, which is bioactive and with lower immunogenicity in ligand-directed enzyme prodrug therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Elsinga
- University of Groningen, 10173University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sayed K Goda
- Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Faculty of Science, Giza, Egypt.,2939University of Derby, College of Science and Engineering, Derby, UK
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99953
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Bahadar N, Ullah H, Adlat S, Kumar Sah R, Zun Zaw Myint M, Mar Oo Z, Binta Bah F, Hayel Nagi F, Htoo H, Ud Din A, Feng X, Zheng Y. Analyzing differentially expressed genes and pathways of Bex2-deficient mouse lung via RNA-Seq. Turk J Biol 2021; 45:588-598. [PMID: 34803456 PMCID: PMC8574191 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bex2 is well known for its role in the nervous system, and is associated with neurological disorders, but its role in the lung’s physiology is still not reported. To elucidate the functional role of Bex2 in the lung, we generated a Bex2 knock-out (KO) mouse model using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and performed transcriptomic analysis. A total of 652 genes were identified as differentially expressed between Bex2-/- and Bex2+/+ mice, out of which 500 were downregulated, while 152 were upregulated genes. Among these DEGs, Ucp1, Myh6, Coxa7a1, Myl3, Ryr2, RNaset2b, Npy, Enob1, Krt5, Myl2, Hba-a2, and Nrob2 are the most prominent genes. Myl2, was the most downregulated gene, followed by Npy, Hba-a2, Rnaset2b, nr0b2, Klra8, and Ucp1. Tcte3, Eno1b, Zfp990, and Pcdha9 were the most upregulated DEGs. According to gene enrichment analysis, PPAR pathway, cardiac muscle contraction, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction were the most enriched pathways. Besides, the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and hematopoietic cell linage pathways were also enriched. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is enriched among KEGG disease pathways. RT-qPCR assays confirmed the RNA-Seq results. This study opens a new window toward the biological functions of Bex2 in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Bahadar
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Hanif Ullah
- School of medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Salah Adlat
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Rajiv Kumar Sah
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - May Zun Zaw Myint
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Zin Mar Oo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Fatoumata Binta Bah
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Farooq Hayel Nagi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Hsu Htoo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou China
| | - Xuechao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Yaowu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin China
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99954
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Zhang D, Peng R, Liu W, Donovan MJ, Wang L, Ismail I, Li J, Li J, Qu F, Tan W. Engineering DNA on the Surface of Upconversion Nanoparticles for Bioanalysis and Therapeutics. ACS Nano 2021; 15:17257-17274. [PMID: 34766752 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of inorganic nanomaterials with biomolecules has enabled the development of composites integrated with extensive properties. Lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are one class of inorganic nanomaterials showing optical properties that convert photons of lower energy into higher energy. Additionally, DNA oligonucleotides have exhibited powerful capabilities for organizing various nanomaterials with versatile topological configurations. Through rational design and nanotechnology, DNA-based UCNPs offer predesigned functionality and potential. To fully harness the capabilities of UCNPs integrated with DNA, various DNA-UCNP composites have been developed for diagnosis and therapeutics. In this review, beginning with the introduction of the UCNPs and the conjugation of DNA strands on the surface of UCNPs, we present an overview of the recent progress of DNA-UCNP composites while focusing on their applications for bioanalysis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailiang Zhang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ruizi Peng
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael J Donovan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ismail Ismail
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Jin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Juan Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Fengli Qu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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99955
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Nia MH, Kiasat AR, van de Ven TGM. Dendritic Fibrous Colloidal Silica Internally Cross-linked by Bivalent Organic Cations: An Efficient Support for Dye Removal and the Reduction of Nitrobenzene Derivatives. Langmuir 2021; 37:13676-13688. [PMID: 34762441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We designed a new unique amphoteric monodisperse colloid with a large complex internal structure, in which silica surfaces are bridged with an organic cross-linker. The rationale was that such colloids would be excellent adsorbents for cationic and anionic dyes and, when doped with noble metal nanoparticles, would be an excellent catalyst for the reduction of a variety of organic compounds. In the first step, the organo-silica bridging agent (bivalent organic cross-linkers) DABCO-S (silanated DABCO) was prepared through a simple nucleophilic substitution reaction between (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane and bivalent 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) (a strong base). In the second step, a DABCO-S bridge was introduced into dendritic fibrous nanostructured colloidal silica (DFNS) under open-vessel reflux conditions. We refer to the product obtained by incorporating DABCO-S in DFNS as DDS. The unique characteristics of DFNS are completely preserved in this new type of periodic mesoporous organo-silica-DFNS. The produced nanocomposite has a high surface area of about 807 m2 g-1, a large pore volume of 1.9 cm3 g-1, and a bimodal pore size distribution, with small 2.5 nm pores and large 30 nm pores. As such, DDS is an efficient adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater. The results show that DDS can adsorb positive and negative dyes such as methylene blue, orange II sodium salt (OR), and procion red mx-58 (PR) with a capacity of 678, 3192, and 3190 mg dye/g adsorbent. Introducing silver nanoparticles in situ into DDS leads to a composite with excellent accessibility of reactants to the Ag surface, resulting in an efficient catalytic reduction of nitro aromatic compounds (NACs) in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Heidari Nia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135743337, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Ali Reza Kiasat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135743337, Iran
| | - Theo G M van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
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99956
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Abstract
Biology of aging is an active and rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Over the years, focus of work in this field has been gradually shifting from studying the effects and symptoms of aging to searching for mechanisms of the aging process. Progress of this work led to an additional shift from looking for “the mechanism” of aging and formulating the corresponding “theories of aging” to appreciation that aging represents a net result of multiple physiological changes and their intricate interactions. It was also shown that mechanisms of aging include nutrient-dependent signaling pathways which have been remarkably conserved in the course of the evolution. Another important development in this field is increased emphasis on searching for pharmacological and environmental interventions that can extend healthspan or influence other aspects of aging. Progress in understanding the key role of aging as a risk factor for chronic disease provides impetus for these studies. Data from the recent pandemic provided additional evidence for the impact of age on resilience. Progress of work in this area also was influenced by major analytical and technological advances, including greatly improved methods for the study of gene expression, protein, lipids, and metabolites profiles, enhanced ability to produce various genetic modifications and novel approaches to assessment of biological age. Progress in research on the biology of aging provides reasons for optimism about the chances that safe and widely applicable anti-aging interventions with significant benefits for both individual and public health will be developed in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St., P. O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62794-9628, USA.
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99957
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Ganguly S, Roy S, Goodwin AP, Cha JN. Generation of 3D cellular spheroids using DNA modified cell receptors and programmable DNA interactions. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7911-7920. [PMID: 34694305 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
3D culture is known to provide more faithful tissue models than 2D culture, and thus it is a valuable tool for in vitro evaluation of biological models. However, many cell lines are unable to form desired 3D spheroids by traditional methods because the naturally occurring cell-cell adhesion is too weak. Here, we present a method to produce 3D cell spheroids by using DNA-mediated assembly. We first demonstrate an Affinity Mediated Photoconjugation Approach (AMCP) to covalently modify cell receptors with affibody-streptavidin fusion proteins, where the affibody chemically crosslinks to cell expressed EGFR and the streptavidin is used to attach DNA strands. The DNA conjugated cells were then mixed with complementary DNA 'linker strands' to impart cell-cell interactions. When incubated in wells coated with non-adhesive polymers, cells formed dense spherical aggregates larger than 500 microns in diameter. Each of these studies was carried out using human breast cancer cells (MBA-MB-468), aneuploid human keratinocytes (HaCaT), and human colon cancer cells (Caco-2). Without either DNA on the cells or in solution as linkers, no cell spheroids were observed. After 96 h of incubation, the cultured DNA assembled spheroids were found to be mechanically stable enough to be handled easily for further analysis and confocal imaging. The findings suggest that the proposed DNA assembly method can be considered as an attractive strategy for assembling cells into stable spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Ganguly
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA.
| | - Shambojit Roy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA.
| | - Andrew P Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA. .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Jennifer N Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA. .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
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99958
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Gendre DAJ, Ameti E, Karenovics W, Perriraz-Mayer N, Triponez F, Serre-Beinier V. Optimization of tumor spheroid model in mesothelioma and lung cancers and anti-cancer drug testing in H2052/484 spheroids. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2375-87. [PMID: 34853659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced lung cancers and mesothelioma remain incurable diseases. Despite some promising new therapy strategies, predicting whether an individual patient will be sensitive to a given therapy is challenging. The purpose of this study is to establish and evaluate the efficiency of a three-dimensional spheroid model of human thoracic cancer in predicting the efficacy of drugs. Human mesothelioma and lung tumor spheroids were established from cell lines and primary cells derived from the patient. The growth kinetics and cell viability of microtumors were assessed using spheroid size and intracellular ATP level. The sensitivity of the mesothelioma spheroids to the cisplatin or cisplatin/pemetrexed combination was determined. We determined that studying the kinetics of the spheroid growth for 15 days after seeding 1000 cells/well in a 96-well plate was optimal. Monitoring the growth kinetic and intracellular ATP of spheroids allowed the identification of early changes in spheroid viability. Finally, we validated this model by measuring a dose-dependent reduction in the cell viability of mesothelioma H2052/484 spheroids treated with both first-line treatments, cisplatin and the cisplatin/pemetrexed combination. In conclusion, we have developed a three-dimensional spheroid model of thoracic tumor cells useful for tailoring the medical treatment to the specific characteristics of each patient.
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99959
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Hua Q, Chen C, Xie F, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Zhao J, Hu G, Qin Y. A Genome-Wide Identification Study Reveals That HmoCYP76AD1, HmoDODAα1 and HmocDOPA5GT Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in Hylocereus. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1858. [PMID: 34946807 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Betalains are water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments with multiple bioactivities. Pitayas are the only at large-scale commercially grown fruit containing abundant betalains for consumers. Currently, the key genes involved in betalain biosynthesis remain to be fully elucidated. Moreover, genome-wide analyses of these genes in betalain biosynthesis are not available in betalain-producing plant species. In this study, totally 53 genes related to betalain biosynthesis were identified from the genome data of Hylocereus undatus. Four candidate genes i.e., one cytochrome P-450 R gene (HmoCYP76AD1), two L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase genes (HmoDODAα1 and HmoDODAα2), and one cyclo-DOPA 5-O glucosyltransferase gene (HmocDOPA5GT) were initially screened according to bioinformatics and qRT-PCR analyses. Silencing HmoCYP76AD1, HmoDODAα1, HmoDODAα2 or HmocDOPA5GT resulted in loss of red pigment. HmoDODAα1 displayed a high level of L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activity to produce betalamic acid and formed yellow betaxanthin. Co-expression of HmoCYP76AD1, HmoDODAα1 and HmocDOPA5GT in Nicotiana benthamiana and yeast resulted in high abundance of betalain pigments with a red color. These results suggested that HmoCYP76AD1, HmoDODAα1, and HmocDOPA5GT play key roles in betalain biosynthesis in Hylocereus. The results of the present study provide novel genes for molecular breeding programs of pitaya.
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99960
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Chongchai A, Waramit S, Wongwichai T, Kampangtip J, Phitak T, Kongtawelert P, Hajitou A, Suwan K, Pothacharoen P. Targeting Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes with Ligand Directed Bacteriophage-Based Particles. Viruses 2021; 13:2343. [PMID: 34960616 PMCID: PMC8706358 DOI: 10.3390/v13122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive deterioration and loss of articular cartilage. There is currently no treatment to reverse the onset of OA. Thus, we developed a targeted delivery strategy to transfer genes into primary human chondrocytes as a proof-of-concept study. We displayed a chondrocyte-affinity peptide (CAP) on the pIII minor coat protein of the M13 filamentous bacteriophage (phage)-based particle carrying a mammalian transgene cassette under cytomegalovirus CMV promoter and inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) cis elements of adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV-2). Primary human articular chondrocytes (HACs) were used as an in vitro model, and the selectivity and binding properties of the CAP ligand in relation to the pathogenic conditions of HACs were characterized. We found that the CAP ligand is highly selective toward pathogenic HACs. Furthermore, the stability, cytotoxicity, and gene delivery efficacy of the CAP-displaying phage (CAP.Phage) were evaluated. We found that the phage particle is stable under a wide range of temperatures and pH values, while showing no cytotoxicity to HACs. Importantly, the CAP.Phage particle, carrying a secreted luciferase (Lucia) reporter gene, efficiently and selectively delivered transgene expression to HACs. In summary, it was found that the CAP ligand preferably binds to pathogenic chondrocytes, and the CAP.Phage particle successfully targets and delivers transgene to HACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitthiphon Chongchai
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cancer Phagotherapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sajee Waramit
- Cancer Phagotherapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tunchanok Wongwichai
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jirawan Kampangtip
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanyaluck Phitak
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Cancer Phagotherapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Cancer Phagotherapy Group, Department of Brain Sciences, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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99961
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Longo M, Meroni M, Paolini E, Erconi V, Carli F, Fortunato F, Ronchi D, Piciotti R, Sabatini S, Macchi C, Alisi A, Miele L, Soardo G, Comi GP, Valenti L, Ruscica M, Fracanzani AL, Gastaldelli A, Dongiovanni P. TM6SF2/PNPLA3/MBOAT7 Loss-of-Function Genetic Variants Impact on NAFLD Development and Progression Both in Patients and in In Vitro Models. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:759-88. [PMID: 34823063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The I148M Patatin-like Phospholipase Domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), the rs641738 in the Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7-transmembrane channel-like 4 (MBOAT7-TMC4) locus, and the E167K Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2 (TM6SF2) polymorphisms represent the main predisposing factors to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development and progression. We previously generated a full knockout of MBOAT7 in HepG2 cells (MBOAT7-/-), homozygous for I148M PNPLA3. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the synergic impact of the 3 at-risk variants on liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a large cohort of NAFLD patients, and create in vitro models of genetic NAFLD by silencing TM6SF2 in both HepG2 and MBOAT7-/- cells. METHODS NAFLD patients (n = 1380), of whom 121 had HCC, were stratified with a semiquantitative score ranging from 0 to 3 according to the number of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 at-risk variants. TM6SF2 was silenced in HepG2 (TM6SF2-/-) and MBOAT7-/- (MBOAT7-/-TM6SF2-/-) through Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). RESULTS In NAFLD patients, the additive weight of these mutations was associated with liver disease severity and an increased risk of developing HCC. In HepG2 cells, TM6SF2 silencing altered lipid composition and induced the accumulation of microvesicular lipid droplets (LDs), whereas the MBOAT7-/-TM6SF2-/- cells showed a mixed microvesicular/macrovesicular pattern of LDs. TM6SF2 deletion strongly affected endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria ultrastructures, thus increasing endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress. The mitochondrial number was increased in both TM6SF2-/- and MBOAT7-/-TM6SF2-/- models, suggesting an unbalancing in mitochondrial dynamics, and the silencing of both MBOAT7 and TM6SF2 impaired mitochondrial activity with a shift toward anaerobic glycolysis. MBOAT7-/-TM6SF2-/- cells also showed the highest proliferation rate. Finally, the re-overexpression of MBOAT7 and/or TM6SF2 reversed the metabolic and tumorigenic features observed in the compound knockout model. CONCLUSIONS The co-presence of the 3 at-risk variants impacts the NAFLD course in both patients and experimental models, affecting LD accumulation, mitochondrial functionality, and metabolic reprogramming toward HCC.
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99962
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Abstract
Perinatal white matter injury (WMI) is the most common brain injury in premature infants and can lead to life-long neurological deficits such as cerebral palsy. Preterm birth is typically accompanied by inflammation and hypoxic-ischemic events. Such perinatal insults negatively impact maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and cause myelination failure. At present, no treatment options are clinically available to prevent or cure WMI. Given that arrested OL maturation plays a central role in the etiology of perinatal WMI, an increased interest has emerged regarding the functional restoration of these cells as potential therapeutic strategy. Cell transplantation and promoting endogenous oligodendrocyte function are two potential options to address this major unmet need. In this review, we highlight the underlying pathophysiology of WMI with a specific focus on OL biology and their implication for the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Motavaf
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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99963
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Zbili M, Rama S, Benitez MJ, Fronzaroli-Molinieres L, Bialowas A, Boumedine-Guignon N, Garrido JJ, Debanne D. Homeostatic regulation of axonal Kv1.1 channels accounts for both synaptic and intrinsic modifications in the hippocampal CA3 circuit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2110601118. [PMID: 34799447 PMCID: PMC8617510 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110601118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity of intrinsic excitability goes hand in hand with homeostatic plasticity of synaptic transmission. However, the mechanisms linking the two forms of homeostatic regulation have not been identified so far. Using electrophysiological, imaging, and immunohistochemical techniques, we show here that blockade of excitatory synaptic receptors for 2 to 3 d induces an up-regulation of both synaptic transmission at CA3-CA3 connections and intrinsic excitability of CA3 pyramidal neurons. Intrinsic plasticity was found to be mediated by a reduction of Kv1.1 channel density at the axon initial segment. In activity-deprived circuits, CA3-CA3 synapses were found to express a high release probability, an insensitivity to dendrotoxin, and a lack of depolarization-induced presynaptic facilitation, indicating a reduction in presynaptic Kv1.1 function. Further support for the down-regulation of axonal Kv1.1 channels in activity-deprived neurons was the broadening of action potentials measured in the axon. We conclude that regulation of the axonal Kv1.1 channel constitutes a major mechanism linking intrinsic excitability and synaptic strength that accounts for the functional synergy existing between homeostatic regulation of intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Zbili
- Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse (UNIS), UMR_S 1072, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13015, France
| | - Sylvain Rama
- Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse (UNIS), UMR_S 1072, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13015, France
| | - Maria-José Benitez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Laure Fronzaroli-Molinieres
- Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse (UNIS), UMR_S 1072, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13015, France
| | - Andrzej Bialowas
- Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse (UNIS), UMR_S 1072, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13015, France
| | - Norah Boumedine-Guignon
- Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse (UNIS), UMR_S 1072, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13015, France
| | - Juan José Garrido
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Dominique Debanne
- Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse (UNIS), UMR_S 1072, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13015, France;
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99964
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Ghiselli F, Rossi B, Piva A, Grilli E. Assessing Intestinal Health. In Vitro and Ex vivo Gut Barrier Models of Farm Animals: Benefits and Limitations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:723387. [PMID: 34888373 PMCID: PMC8649998 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.723387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal performance is determined by the functionality and health of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Complex mechanisms and interactions are involved in the regulation of GIT functionality and health. The understanding of these relationships could be crucial for developing strategies to improve animal production yields. The concept of "gut health" is not well defined, but this concept has begun to play a very important role in the field of animal science. However, a clear definition of GIT health and the means by which to measure it are lacking. In vitro and ex vivo models can facilitate these studies, creating well-controlled and repeatable conditions to understand how to improve animal gut health. Over the years, several models have been developed and used to study the beneficial or pathogenic relationships between the GIT and the external environment. This review aims to describe the most commonly used animals' in vitro or ex vivo models and techniques that are useful for better understanding the intestinal health of production animals, elucidating their benefits and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ghiselli
- Servizio Produzioni Animali e Sicurezza Alimentare, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Piva
- Servizio Produzioni Animali e Sicurezza Alimentare, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro S.p.A., Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- Servizio Produzioni Animali e Sicurezza Alimentare, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
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99965
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Li X, Zhang J, Huang J, Xu J, Chen Z, Copenhaver GP, Wang Y. Regulation of interference-sensitive crossover distribution ensures crossover assurance in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107543118. [PMID: 34795056 PMCID: PMC8617516 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107543118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, crossovers (COs) are typically required to ensure faithful chromosomal segregation. Despite the requirement for at least one CO between each pair of chromosomes, closely spaced double COs are usually underrepresented due to a phenomenon called CO interference. Like Mus musculus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana has both interference-sensitive (Class I) and interference-insensitive (Class II) COs. However, the underlying mechanism controlling CO distribution remains largely elusive. Both AtMUS81 and AtFANCD2 promote the formation of Class II CO. Using both AtHEI10 and AtMLH1 immunostaining, two markers of Class I COs, we show that AtFANCD2 but not AtMUS81 is required for normal Class I CO distribution among chromosomes. Depleting AtFANCD2 leads to a CO distribution pattern that is intermediate between that of wild-type and a Poisson distribution. Moreover, in Atfancm, Atfigl1, and Atrmi1 mutants where increased Class II CO frequency has been reported previously, we observe Class I CO distribution patterns that are strikingly similar to Atfancd2. Surprisingly, we found that AtFANCD2 plays opposite roles in regulating CO frequency in Atfancm compared with either in Atfigl1 or Atrmi1. Together, these results reveal that although AtFANCD2, AtFANCM, AtFIGL1, and AtRMI1 regulate Class II CO frequency by distinct mechanisms, they have similar roles in controlling the distribution of Class I COs among chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiyue Huang
- Department of Biology and the Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Gregory P Copenhaver
- Department of Biology and the Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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99966
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Gentiluomo M, Giaccherini M, Gào X, Guo F, Stocker H, Schöttker B, Brenner H, Canzian F, Campa D. Genome-wide association study of mitochondrial copy number. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1346-1355. [PMID: 34964454 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) variation has been associated with increased risk of several human diseases in epidemiological studies. The quantification of mtDNAcn performed with real-time PCR is currently considered the de facto standard among several techniques. However, the heterogeneity of the laboratory methods (DNA extraction, storage, processing) used could give rise to results that are difficult to compare and reproduce across different studies. Several lines of evidence suggest that mtDNAcn is influenced by nuclear and mitochondrial genetic variability, however this relation is largely unexplored. The aim of this work was to elucidate the genetic basis of mtDNAcn variation. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of mtDNAcn in 6836 subjects from the ESTHER prospective cohort, and included, as replication set, the summary statistics of a GWAS that used 295 150 participants from the UK Biobank. We observed two novel associations with mtDNAcn variation on chromosome 19 (rs117176661), and 12 (rs7136238) that reached statistical significance at the genome-wide level. A polygenic score that we called mitoscore including all known single nucleotide polymorphisms explained 1.11% of the variation of mtDNAcn (p = 5.93 × 10-7). In conclusion, we performed a GWAS on mtDNAcn, adding to the evidence of the genetic background of this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gentiluomo
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Matteo Giaccherini
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy.,Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Xīn Gào
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Hannah Stocker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy
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99967
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Krieger N, Pastryk KF, Forchhammer K, Kolukisaoglu Ü. Arabidopsis PII Proteins Form Characteristic Foci in Chloroplasts Indicating Novel Properties in Protein Interaction and Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12666. [PMID: 34884470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The PII protein is an evolutionary, highly conserved regulatory protein found in both bacteria and higher plants. In bacteria, it modulates the activity of several enzymes, transporters, and regulatory factors by interacting with them and thereby regulating important metabolic hubs, such as carbon/nitrogen homeostasis. More than two decades ago, the PII protein was characterized for the first time in plants, but its physiological role is still not sufficiently resolved. To gain more insights into the function of this protein, we investigated the interaction behavior of AtPII with candidate proteins by BiFC and FRET/FLIM in planta and with GFP/RFP traps in vitro. In the course of these studies, we found that AtPII interacts in chloroplasts with itself as well as with known interactors such as N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK) in dot-like aggregates, which we named PII foci. In these novel protein aggregates, AtPII also interacts with yet unknown partners, which are known to be involved in plastidic protein degradation. Further studies revealed that the C-terminal component of AtPII is crucial for the formation of PII foci. Altogether, the discovery and description of PII foci indicate a novel mode of interaction between PII proteins and other proteins in plants. These findings may represent a new starting point for the elucidation of physiological functions of PII proteins in plants.
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99968
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Zhang N, Wang Y, Chen Z, Ren J, Rehman A, Ahmad DW, Long D, Hou J, Zhou Y, Yang L, Ni Y, Li Y, Du C, Yu Y, Liao M. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of Bisphenol A exposure reveals the key roles of the testicular microenvironment in male reproduction. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112449. [PMID: 34808557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular development during juvenile is crucial for subsequent male reproductive function. However, it remains poorly understood about the contribution of the testis microenvironment to human germ cell maturation. Therefore, we systematically analyzed scRNA-seq transcriptome and found the dramatic changes in cell-type composition in human testis during puberty. Then we constructed cell-cell communication networks between germ cells and somatic cells in the juvenile testis, which may be achieved via immune-related pathways. Our results showed that maturation-promoting factors are the switches of the Sertoli cells that drive sperm maturation. Furthermore, we found that Bisphenol A(BPA) enhanced the maturation and growth of germ cells through the Sertoli cell's secretory protein. Finally, our results indicate Bisphenol A would lead to the dysregulation of secreted protein expression in Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis, which in turn has direct cytotoxicity to Sertoli cells. Bisphenol A is one of the underlying causes of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). In summary, our results reveal the reproductive toxicity and molecular mechanism of Bisphenol A in Sertoli cells and male reproduction. Provide a reference for the toxicity of Bisphenol A to human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Abdur Rehman
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | - Deyu Long
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junyao Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luyu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yayu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Changjian Du
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingcui Yu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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99969
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Siemer S, Bauer TA, Scholz P, Breder C, Fenaroli F, Harms G, Dietrich D, Dietrich J, Rosenauer C, Barz M, Becker S, Strieth S, Reinhardt C, Fauth T, Hagemann J, Stauber RH. Targeting Cancer Chemotherapy Resistance by Precision Medicine-Driven Nanoparticle-Formulated Cisplatin. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18541-18556. [PMID: 34739225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance is the major cause of cancer death. As patients respond heterogeneously, precision/personalized medicine needs to be considered, including the application of nanoparticles (NPs). The success of therapeutic NPs requires to first identify clinically relevant resistance mechanisms and to define key players, followed by a rational design of biocompatible NPs capable to target resistance. Consequently, we employed a tiered experimental pipeline from in silico to analytical and in vitro to overcome cisplatin resistance. First, we generated cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and used next-generation sequencing together with CRISPR/Cas9 knockout technology to identify the ion channel LRRC8A as a critical component for cisplatin resistance. LRRC8A's cisplatin-specificity was verified by testing free as well as nanoformulated paclitaxel or doxorubicin. The clinical relevance of LRRC8A was demonstrated by its differential expression in a cohort of 500 head and neck cancer patients, correlating with patient survival under cisplatin therapy. To overcome LRRC8A-mediated cisplatin resistance, we constructed cisplatin-loaded, polysarcosine-based core cross-linked polymeric NPs (NPCis, Ø ∼ 28 nm) with good colloidal stability, biocompatibility (low immunogenicity, low toxicity, prolonged in vivo circulation, no complement activation, no plasma protein aggregation), and low corona formation properties. 2D/3D-spheroid cell models were employed to demonstrate that, in contrast to standard of care cisplatin, NPCis significantly (p < 0.001) eradicated all cisplatin-resistant cells by circumventing the LRRC8A-transport pathway via the endocytic delivery route. We here identified LRRC8A as critical for cisplatin resistance and suggest LRRC8A-guided patient stratification for ongoing or prospective clinical studies assessing therapy resistance to nanoscale platinum drug nanoformulations versus current standard of care formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Siemer
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias A Bauer
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Scholz
- BRAIN AG, Darmstaedter Straße 34, 64673 Zwingenberg, Germany
| | - Christina Breder
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregory Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörn Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Rosenauer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Torsten Fauth
- BRAIN AG, Darmstaedter Straße 34, 64673 Zwingenberg, Germany
| | - Jan Hagemann
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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99970
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Fu Y, Wang Z, Yu B, Lin Y, Huang E, Liu R, Zhao C, Lu M, Xu W, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang L, Chu Y. Intestinal CD11b + B Cells Ameliorate Colitis by Secreting Immunoglobulin A. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697725. [PMID: 34804004 PMCID: PMC8595478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal immune environment requires multiple immune cells to maintain homeostasis. Although intestinal B cells are among the most important immune cells, little is known about the mechanism that they employ to regulate immune homeostasis. In this study, we found that CD11b+ B cells significantly accumulated in the gut lamina propria and Peyer's patches in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse models and patients with ulcerative colitis. Adoptive transfer of CD11b+ B cells, but not CD11b-/- B cells, effectively ameliorated colitis and exhibited therapeutic effects. Furthermore, CD11b+ B cells were found to produce higher levels of IgA than CD11b- B cells. CD11b deficiency in B cells dampened IgA production, resulting in the loss of their ability to ameliorate colitis. Mechanistically, CD11b+ B cells expressed abundant TGF-β and TGF-β receptor II, as well as highly activate phosphorylated Smad2/3 signaling pathway, consequently promoting the class switch to IgA. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CD11b+ B cells are essential intestinal suppressive immune cells and the primary source of intestinal IgA, which plays an indispensable role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baichao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chujun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mingfang Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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99971
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Akhmetova VR, Bikbulatova EM, Mescheryakova ES, Gil'manova EN, Dzhemileva LU, D'yakonov VA. Synthesis, crystal structure, and in vitro evaluation of the anticancer activity of new Pt (Pd) complexes with 1-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-naphthol ligand. Metallomics 2021; 13:6420263. [PMID: 34734292 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with 1-aminomethyl-2-naphtol ligands has been first performed. The adducts of [PtCl4]2- and [PdCl4]2- anions with the 1-aminomethyl-2-naphtol NH cation were synthesized. The structure for four Pt (Pd)-containing compounds was investigated using X-ray diffraction. The obtained compounds were examined for in vitro cytotoxic activity against Jurkat and K562 human leukemia cells, lymphoma U937cells, A2780 and the cisplatin-resistant A2780cis lines of human ovarian cancer, and normal fibroblasts. Study of induction of apoptosis and the effect of new palladium and platinum complexes on the cell cycle was carried out. The cells showed a higher sensitivity to Pt(II) compounds than to Pd(II) ones. All the synthesized metal complexes show much more antitumor activity compared with a platinum-containing cisplatin drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vnira R Akhmetova
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktybrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - El'mira M Bikbulatova
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktybrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S Mescheryakova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktybrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Elina N Gil'manova
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktybrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Lilya U Dzhemileva
- Department of Biology, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktybrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A D'yakonov
- Department of Biology, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktybrya, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
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99972
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Alnusaire TS, Sayed AM, Elmaidomy AH, Al-Sanea MM, Albogami S, Albqmi M, Alowaiesh BF, Mostafa EM, Musa A, Youssif KA, Refaat H, Othman EM, Dandekar T, Alaaeldin E, Ghoneim MM, Abdelmohsen UR. An In Vitro and In Silico Study of the Enhanced Antiproliferative and Pro-Oxidant Potential of Olea europaea L. cv. Arbosana Leaf Extract via Elastic Nanovesicles (Spanlastics). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121860. [PMID: 34942963 PMCID: PMC8698813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The olive tree is a venerable Mediterranean plant and often used in traditional medicine. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Olea europaea L. cv. Arbosana leaf extract (OLE) and its encapsulation within a spanlastic dosage form on the improvement of its pro-oxidant and antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 human cancer cell lines. The LC-HRESIMS-assisted metabolomic profile of OLE putatively annotated 20 major metabolites and showed considerable in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 9.2 ± 0.8, 7.1 ± 0.9, and 6.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL, respectively. The encapsulation of OLE within a (spanlastic) nanocarrier system, using a spraying method and Span 40 and Tween 80 (4:1 molar ratio), was successfully carried out (size 41 ± 2.4 nm, zeta potential 13.6 ± 2.5, and EE 61.43 ± 2.03%). OLE showed enhanced thermal stability, and an improved in vitro antiproliferative effect against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 (IC50 3.6 ± 0.2, 2.3 ± 0.1, and 1.8 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively) in comparison to the unprocessed extract. Both preparations were found to exhibit pro-oxidant potential inside the cancer cells, through the potential inhibitory activity of OLE against glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase (IC50 1.18 ± 0.12 and 2.33 ± 0.19 µg/mL, respectively). These inhibitory activities were proposed via a comprehensive in silico study to be linked to the presence of certain compounds in OLE. Consequently, we assume that formulating such a herbal extract within a suitable nanocarrier would be a promising improvement of its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed S. Alnusaire
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.A.); (B.F.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Abeer H. Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mha Albqmi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, P.O. Box 756 Alqurayyat, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bassam F. Alowaiesh
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.A.); (B.F.A.)
| | - Ehab M. Mostafa
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Arafa Musa
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (U.R.A.)
| | - Khayrya A. Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Hesham Refaat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; (H.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Eman M. Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt;
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Eman Alaaeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; (H.R.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (U.R.A.)
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99973
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Guan Q, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhao P, Li J. Identification of Potential Key Genes in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Through Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:754569. [PMID: 34804123 PMCID: PMC8595135 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.754569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality. The etiology of COPD is complex, and the pathogenesis mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used rat and human COPD gene expression data from our laboratory and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between individuals with COPD and healthy individuals. Then, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed, and hub genes were identified. Cytoscape was used to construct the co-expressed network and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. A total of 198 DEGs were identified, and a PPI network with 144 nodes and 355 edges was constructed. Twelve hub genes were identified by the cytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape. Of these genes, CCR3, CCL2, COL4A2, VWF, IL1RN, IL2RA, and CCL13 were related to inflammation or immunity, or tissue-specific expression in lung tissue, and their messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were validated by qRT-PCR. COL4A2, VWF, and IL1RN were further verified by the GEO dataset GSE76925, and the ceRNA network was constructed with Cytoscape. These three genes were consistent with COPD rat model data compared with control data, and their dysregulation direction was reversed when the COPD rat model was treated with effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula III. This bioinformatics analysis strategy may be useful for elucidating novel mechanisms underlying COPD. We pinpointed three key genes that may play a role in COPD pathogenesis and therapy, which deserved to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhou Guan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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99974
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Lu Z, Berry K, Hu Z, Zhan Y, Ahn TH, Lin Z. TSSr: an R package for comprehensive analyses of TSS sequencing data. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab108. [PMID: 34805991 PMCID: PMC8598296 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription initiation is regulated in a highly organized fashion to ensure proper cellular functions. Accurate identification of transcription start sites (TSSs) and quantitative characterization of transcription initiation activities are fundamental steps for studies of regulated transcriptions and core promoter structures. Several high-throughput techniques have been developed to sequence the very 5'end of RNA transcripts (TSS sequencing) on the genome scale. Bioinformatics tools are essential for processing, analysis, and visualization of TSS sequencing data. Here, we present TSSr, an R package that provides rich functions for mapping TSS and characterizations of structures and activities of core promoters based on all types of TSS sequencing data. Specifically, TSSr implements several newly developed algorithms for accurately identifying TSSs from mapped sequencing reads and inference of core promoters, which are a prerequisite for subsequent functional analyses of TSS data. Furthermore, TSSr also enables users to export various types of TSS data that can be visualized by genome browser for inspection of promoter activities in association with other genomic features, and to generate publication-ready TSS graphs. These user-friendly features could greatly facilitate studies of transcription initiation based on TSS sequencing data. The source code and detailed documentations of TSSr can be freely accessed at https://github.com/Linlab-slu/TSSr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolian Lu
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Keenan Berry
- Program of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Zhenbin Hu
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Tae-Hyuk Ahn
- Program of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Zhenguo Lin
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
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99975
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Monian B, Tu AA, Ruiter B, Morgan DM, Petrossian PM, Smith NP, Gierahn TM, Ginder JH, Shreffler WG, Love JC. Peanut oral immunotherapy differentially suppresses clonally distinct subsets of T helper cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:150634. [PMID: 34813505 PMCID: PMC8759778 DOI: 10.1172/jci150634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy affects an estimated 8% of children in the United States. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a recently approved treatment, with outcomes ranging from sustained tolerance to food allergens to no apparent benefit. The immunological underpinnings that influence clinical outcomes of OIT remain largely unresolved. Using single-cell RNA-Seq and paired T cell receptor α/β (TCRα/β) sequencing, we assessed the transcriptomes of CD154+ and CD137+ peanut-reactive T helper (Th) cells from 12 patients with peanut allergy longitudinally throughout OIT. We observed expanded populations of cells expressing Th1, Th2, and Th17 signatures that further separated into 6 clonally distinct subsets. Four of these subsets demonstrated a convergence of TCR sequences, suggesting antigen-driven T cell fates. Over the course of OIT, we observed suppression of Th2 and Th1 gene signatures in effector clonotypes but not T follicular helper–like (Tfh-like) clonotypes. Positive outcomes were associated with stronger suppression of Th2 signatures in Th2A-like cells, while treatment failure was associated with the expression of baseline inflammatory gene signatures that were present in Th1 and Th17 cell populations and unmodulated by OIT. These results demonstrate that differential clinical responses to OIT are associated with both preexisting characteristics of peanut-reactive CD4+ T cells and suppression of a subset of Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinda Monian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Ang A Tu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Bert Ruiter
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Duncan M Morgan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Patrick M Petrossian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Neal P Smith
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Todd M Gierahn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Julia H Ginder
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Wayne G Shreffler
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States of America
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99976
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Colin R, Ni B, Laganenka L, Sourjik V. Multiple functions of flagellar motility and chemotaxis in bacterial physiology. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuab038. [PMID: 34227665 PMCID: PMC8632791 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most swimming bacteria are capable of following gradients of nutrients, signaling molecules and other environmental factors that affect bacterial physiology. This tactic behavior became one of the most-studied model systems for signal transduction and quantitative biology, and underlying molecular mechanisms are well characterized in Escherichia coli and several other model bacteria. In this review, we focus primarily on less understood aspect of bacterial chemotaxis, namely its physiological relevance for individual bacterial cells and for bacterial populations. As evident from multiple recent studies, even for the same bacterial species flagellar motility and chemotaxis might serve multiple roles, depending on the physiological and environmental conditions. Among these, finding sources of nutrients and more generally locating niches that are optimal for growth appear to be one of the major functions of bacterial chemotaxis, which could explain many chemoeffector preferences as well as flagellar gene regulation. Chemotaxis might also generally enhance efficiency of environmental colonization by motile bacteria, which involves intricate interplay between individual and collective behaviors and trade-offs between growth and motility. Finally, motility and chemotaxis play multiple roles in collective behaviors of bacteria including swarming, biofilm formation and autoaggregation, as well as in their interactions with animal and plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Colin
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology & Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 16, Marburg D-35043, Germany
| | - Bin Ni
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology & Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 16, Marburg D-35043, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No. 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Leanid Laganenka
- Institute of Microbiology, D-BIOL, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Victor Sourjik
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology & Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 16, Marburg D-35043, Germany
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99977
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Scalabrin M, Nadai M, Tassinari M, Lago S, Doria F, Frasson I, Freccero M, Richter SN. Selective Recognition of a Single HIV-1 G-Quadruplex by Ultrafast Small-Molecule Screening. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15243-15252. [PMID: 34762806 PMCID: PMC8613737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are implicated in pathological processes such as cancer and infective diseases. Their targeting with G4-ligands has shown therapeutic capacity. Most of the current G4-ligands are planar molecules, do not discriminate among G4s, and have poor druglike properties. The available methods to identify compounds selective for one single G4 are often time-consuming. Here, we describe the development, validation, and application of an affinity-selection mass spectrometry method that employs unlabeled G4 oligonucleotides as targets and allows testing of up to 320 unmodified small molecules in a single tube. As a proof of concept, this method was applied to screen a library of 40 000 druglike molecules against two G4s, transcriptional regulators of the HIV-1 LTR promoter. We identified nonplanar pyrazolopyrimidines that selectively recognize and stabilize the major HIV-1 LTR G4 possibly by fitting and binding through H-bonding in its unique binding pocket. The compounds inhibit LTR promoter activity and HIV-1 replication. We propose this method to prompt the fast development of new G4-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Scalabrin
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Nadai
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Tassinari
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Lago
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Doria
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Frasson
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Freccero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara N. Richter
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
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99978
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Sharma B, Moghimianavval H, Hwang SW, Liu AP. Synthetic Cell as a Platform for Understanding Membrane-Membrane Interactions. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:912. [PMID: 34940413 PMCID: PMC8706075 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of understanding life, model membranes made of phospholipids were envisaged decades ago as a platform for the bottom-up study of biological processes. Micron-sized lipid vesicles have gained great acceptance as their bilayer membrane resembles the natural cell membrane. Important biological events involving membranes, such as membrane protein insertion, membrane fusion, and intercellular communication, will be highlighted in this review with recent research updates. We will first review different lipid bilayer platforms used for incorporation of integral membrane proteins and challenges associated with their functional reconstitution. We next discuss different methods for reconstitution of membrane fusion and compare their fusion efficiency. Lastly, we will highlight the importance and challenges of intercellular communication between synthetic cells and synthetic cells-to-natural cells. We will summarize the review by highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with studying membrane-membrane interactions and possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bineet Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (B.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Hossein Moghimianavval
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (B.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Sung-Won Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (B.S.); (H.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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99979
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Yang Q, Zhang H, Wei T, Lin A, Sun Y, Luo P, Zhang J. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Heterogeneity of Tumor-Associated Macrophage in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Differences Between Sexes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756722. [PMID: 34804043 PMCID: PMC8602907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, which has sex-related differences in prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. However, the difference in the mechanisms remains unclear. Macrophages, characterized by high plasticity and heterogeneity, act as one of the key cells that exert anti-tumor effects in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a complicated role in the process of tumor progression. To elucidate the subtype composition and functional heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in NSCLC and further compare the sex-mediated differences, we conducted a single-cell level analysis in early-stage smoking NSCLC patients, combined with ssGSEA analysis, pseudotime ordering, and SCENIC analysis. We found two universally presented immune-suppressive TAMs with different functional and metabolic characteristics in the TME of NSCLC. Specifically, CCL18+ macrophages exerted immune-suppressive effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors and manifested high levels of fatty acid oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Conversely, the main metabolism pathway for SPP1+ macrophage was glycolysis which contributed to tumor metastasis by promoting angiogenesis and matrix remodeling. In terms of the differentially expressed genes, the complement gene C1QC and the matrix remodeling relevant genes FN1 and SPP1 were differentially expressed in the TAMs between sexes, of which the male upregulated SPP1 showed the potential as an ideal target for adjuvant immunotherapy and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. According to the early-stage TCGA-NSCLC cohort, high expression of the above three genes in immune cells were associated with poor prognosis and acted as independent prognostic factors. Moreover, through verification at the transcription factor, transcriptome, and protein levels, we found that TAMs from women showed stronger immunogenicity with higher interferon-producing and antigen-presenting ability, while men-derived TAMs upregulated the PPARs and matrix remodeling related pathways, thus were more inclined to be immunosuppressive. Deconstruction of the TAMs at the single-cell level deepens our understanding of the mechanism for tumor occurrence and progress, which could be helpful to achieve the precise sex-specific tumor treatment sooner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongman Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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99980
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Abstract
The field of sequencing is a topic of significant interest since its emergence and has become increasingly important over time. Impressive achievements have been obtained in this field, especially in relations to DNA and RNA sequencing. Since the first achievements by Sanger and colleagues in the 1950s, many sequencing techniques have been developed, while others have disappeared. DNA sequencing has undergone three generations of major evolution. Each generation has its own specifications that are mentioned briefly. Among these generations, nanopore sequencing has its own exciting characteristics that have been given more attention here. Among pioneer technologies being used by the third-generation techniques, nanopores, either biological or solid-state, have been experimentally or theoretically extensively studied. All sequencing technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, so nanopores are not free from this general rule. It is also generally pointed out what research has been done to overcome the obstacles. In this review, biological and solid-state nanopores are elaborated on, and applications of them are also discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Mohammadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, 71557-13876 Iran
| | - Omid Bavi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, 71557-13876 Iran
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99981
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Pedra-Rezende Y, Barbosa JMC, Bombaça ACS, Dantas-Pereira L, Gibaldi D, Vilar-Pereira G, Dos Santos HAM, Ramos IP, Silva-Gomes NL, Moreira OC, Lannes-Vieira J, Menna-Barreto RFS. Physical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712034. [PMID: 34804007 PMCID: PMC8599157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease and a health problem in Latin America. Etiological treatment has limited effectiveness in chronic CD; thus, new therapeutic strategies are required. The practice of physical exercises has been widely advocated to improve the quality of life of CD patients. The most frequent clinical CD manifestation is the chronic indeterminate form (CIF), and the effect of physical exercises on disease progression remains unknown. Here, in a CIF model, we aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercises on cardiac histological, parasitological, mitochondrial, and oxidative metabolism, electro and echocardiographic profiles, and immunological features. To establish a CIF model, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with 100 and 500 trypomastigotes of the Y T. cruzi strain. At 120 days postinfection (dpi), all mouse groups showed normal PR and corrected QT intervals and QRS complexes. Compared to BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice showed a lower parasitemia peak, mortality rate, and less intense myocarditis. Thus, C57BL/6 mice infected with 500 parasites were used for subsequent analyses. At 120 dpi, a decrease in cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. When we increased the number of analyzed mice, a reduced heart rate and slightly prolonged corrected QT intervals were detected, at 120 and 150 dpi, which were then normalized at 180 dpi, thus characterizing the CIF. Y-infected mice were subjected to an exercise program on a treadmill for 4 weeks (from 150 to 180 dpi), five times per week in a 30–60-min daily training session. At 180 dpi, no alterations were detected in cardiac mitochondrial and oxidative metabolism, which were not affected by physical exercises, although ROS production increased. At 120 and 180 dpi, comparing infected and non-infected mice, no differences were observed in the levels of plasma cytokines, indicating that a crucial biomarker of the systemic inflammatory profile was absent and not affected by exercise. Compared with sedentary mice, trained Y-infected mice showed similar parasite loads and inflammatory cells but reduced cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, our data show that physical exercises promote beneficial changes that may prevent CD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Pedra-Rezende
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana M C Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina S Bombaça
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza Dantas-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gibaldi
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Brasileiro de Medicina de Reabilitação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hílton Antônio Mata Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Análise e Desenvolvimento de Inibidores Enzimáticos e Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises por RMN, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália Lins Silva-Gomes
- Plataforma de PCR em Tempo Real RPT09A, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacilio C Moreira
- Plataforma de PCR em Tempo Real RPT09A, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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99982
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Terranova CJ, Stemler KM, Barrodia P, Jeter-Jones SL, Ge Z, de la Cruz Bonilla M, Raman A, Cheng CW, Allton KL, Arslan E, Yilmaz ÖH, Barton MC, Rai K, Piwnica-Worms H. Reprogramming of H3K9bhb at regulatory elements is a key feature of fasting in the small intestine. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110044. [PMID: 34818540 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) is an essential metabolic energy source during fasting and functions as a chromatin regulator by lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) modification of the core histones H3 and H4. We report that Kbhb on histone H3 (H3K9bhb) is enriched at proximal promoters of critical gene subsets associated with lipolytic and ketogenic metabolic pathways in small intestine (SI) crypts during fasting. Similar Kbhb enrichment is observed in Lgr5+ stem cell-enriched epithelial spheroids treated with β-OHB in vitro. Combinatorial chromatin state analysis reveals that H3K9bhb is associated with active chromatin states and that fasting enriches for an H3K9bhb-H3K27ac signature at active metabolic gene promoters and distal enhancer elements. Intestinal knockout of Hmgcs2 results in marked loss of H3K9bhb-associated loci, suggesting that local production of β-OHB is responsible for chromatin reprogramming within the SI crypt. We conclude that modulation of H3K9bhb in SI crypts is a key gene regulatory event in response to fasting. Terranova et al. demonstrate that fasting induces production of HMGCS2 and β-hydroxybutyrate in small intestine (SI) crypt cells. This causes enrichment of H3K9bhb within regulatory regions of critical metabolic genes in crypt epithelial cells. Loss of intestinal Hmgcs2 impairs H3K9bhb enrichment and affects expression of H3K9bhb-associated metabolic gene programs.
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99983
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Manto M, Argyropoulos GPD, Bocci T, Celnik PA, Corben LA, Guidetti M, Koch G, Priori A, Rothwell JC, Sadnicka A, Spampinato D, Ugawa Y, Wessel MJ, Ferrucci R. Consensus Paper: Novel Directions and Next Steps of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation of the Cerebellum in Health and Disease. Cerebellum 2021; 21:1092-1122. [PMID: 34813040 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in multiple closed-loops circuitry which connect the cerebellar modules with the motor cortex, prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortical areas, and contribute to motor control, cognitive processes, emotional processing, and behavior. Among them, the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway represents the anatomical substratum of cerebellum-motor cortex inhibition (CBI). However, the cerebellum is also connected with basal ganglia by disynaptic pathways, and cerebellar involvement in disorders commonly associated with basal ganglia dysfunction (e.g., Parkinson's disease and dystonia) has been suggested. Lately, cerebellar activity has been targeted by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to indirectly affect and tune dysfunctional circuitry in the brain. Although the results are promising, several questions remain still unsolved. Here, a panel of experts from different specialties (neurophysiology, neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychology) reviews the current results on cerebellar NIBS with the aim to derive the future steps and directions needed. We discuss the effects of TMS in the field of cerebellar neurophysiology, the potentials of cerebellar tDCS, the role of animal models in cerebellar NIBS applications, and the possible application of cerebellar NIBS in motor learning, stroke recovery, speech and language functions, neuropsychiatric and movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium.,Service Des Neurosciences, UMons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Georgios P D Argyropoulos
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.,ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Pablo A Celnik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louise A Corben
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville. Victoria, Australia
| | - Matteo Guidetti
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.,ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anna Sadnicka
- Motor Control and Movement Disorders Group, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Danny Spampinato
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Maximilian J Wessel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy. .,ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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99984
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Chen Y, Liu X, Anderson JYL, Naik HM, Dhara VG, Chen X, Harris GA, Betenbaugh MJ. A genome-scale nutrient minimization forecast algorithm for controlling essential amino acid levels in CHO cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:435-451. [PMID: 34811743 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell culture processes rely heavily on empirical knowledge in which process control remains a challenge due to the limited characterization/understanding of cell metabolism and inability to predict the cell behaviors. This study facilitates control of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) processes through a forecast-based feeding approach that predicts multiple essential amino acids levels in the culture from easily acquired viable cell density data. Multiple cell growth behavior forecast extrapolation approaches are considered with logistic curve fitting found to be the most effective. Next, the nutrient-minimized CHO genome-scale model is combined with the growth forecast model to generate essential amino acid forecast profiles of multiple CHO batch cultures. Comparison of the forecast with the measurements suggests that this algorithm can accurately predict the concentration of most essential amino acids from cell density measurement with error mitigated by incorporating off-line amino acids concentration measurements. Finally, the forecast algorithm is applied to CHO fed-batch cultures to support amino acid feeding control to control the concentration of essential amino acids below 1-2 mM for lysine, leucine, and valine as a model over a 9-day fed batch culture while maintaining comparable growth behavior to an empirical-based culture. In turn, glycine production was elevated, alanine reduced and lactate production slightly lower in control cultures due to metabolic shifts in branched-chain amino acid degradation. With the advantage of requiring minimal measurement inputs while providing valuable and in-advance information of the system based on growth measurements, this genome model-based amino acid forecast algorithm represent a powerful and cost-effective tool to facilitate enhanced control over CHO and other mammalian cell-based bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Harnish Mukesh Naik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Venkata Gayatri Dhara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn A Harris
- Research and Development, 908 Devices Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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99985
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Lin G, Zhang K, Han Y, Peng R, Li J. Preparation of multiplexed control materials for cancer mutation analysis by genome editing in GM12878 cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24139. [PMID: 34811797 PMCID: PMC8761438 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quality control materials are necessary for assay development, test validation, and proficiency testing in cancer mutation analysis. Most of the existing controls for somatic mutations only harbor a single variant and are derived from unstable cell lines. This study aimed to establish a method to create stable multianalyte controls in a defined background by genome editing in GM12878 cells, which also can be applied for the reference of next‐generation sequencing. Methods GM12878 cells were electroporated with a donor plasmid containing a mutant DNA sequence and a Cas9/sgRNA expressing vector. The genome‐edited GM12878 cell was validated with Sanger sequencing, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), and next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Results We have successfully generated a mutant GM12878 cell line harboring the defined variants including single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions and deletions (indels), and structural variants (SVs). The introduction of intended mutations in GM12878 cell line was confirmed by both ARMS and sequencing methods. Conclusions We developed a method for the preparation of the multiplexed controls for reference mutations in cancer gene by genome editing in GM12878 cells. This methodology can be used to generate other stable cancer reference materials with an unlimited supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guigao Lin
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxi Han
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxue Peng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
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99986
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Lenzini S, Debnath K, Joshi JC, Wong SW, Srivastava K, Geng X, Cho IS, Song A, Bargi R, Lee JC, Mo GCH, Mehta D, Shin JW. Cell-Matrix Interactions Regulate Functional Extracellular Vesicle Secretion from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. ACS Nano 2021; 15:17439-17452. [PMID: 34677951 PMCID: PMC9023614 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted particles with broad potential to treat tissue injuries by delivering cargo to program target cells. However, improving the yield of functional EVs on a per cell basis remains challenging due to an incomplete understanding of how microenvironmental cues regulate EV secretion at the nanoscale. We show that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) seeded on engineered hydrogels that mimic the elasticity of soft tissues with a lower integrin ligand density secrete ∼10-fold more EVs per cell than MSCs seeded on a rigid plastic substrate, without compromising their therapeutic activity or cargo to resolve acute lung injury in mice. Mechanistically, intracellular CD63+ multivesicular bodies (MVBs) transport faster within MSCs on softer hydrogels, leading to an increased frequency of MVB fusion with the plasma membrane to secrete more EVs. Actin-related protein 2/3 complex but not myosin-II limits MVB transport and EV secretion from MSCs on hydrogels. The results provide a rational basis for biomaterial design to improve EV secretion while maintaining their functionality.
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99987
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Abstract
Cell-surface sialic acids can be metabolically labeled and subsequently modified using bioorthogonal chemistry. The method has great potential for targeted therapy and imaging; however, distinguishing the sialylation of specific cells remains a major challenge. Here, we described a cell-selective metabolic sialylation labeling strategy based on water-soluble polymer carriers presented with pH-responsive N-azidoacetylmannosamine (ManNAz) release. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine contributed to increased water solubility and reduced nonspecific attachment to cells. Lactobionic acid residues, used for cell selectivity, recognized overexpressed receptors on target hepatoma cells and mediated cellular internalization. ManNAz caged by acidic pH-responsive carbonated ester linkage on the polymer was released inside target cells and expressed as azido sialic acid. Additionally, longer copolymer carriers enhanced the metabolic labeling efficiency of sialylation. This approach provides a platform for cell-selective labeling of sialylation and can be applied to high-resolution bioimaging and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingbi Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Masuda
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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99988
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Liao M, Sun X, Gao S, Zhang Y. A Class of Protein-Coding RNAs Binds to Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and Alters Histone Methylation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739830. [PMID: 34804929 PMCID: PMC8602814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a multi-subunit protein complex mediating the methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 and playing an important role in transcriptional repression during tumorigenesis and development. Previous studies revealed that both protein-coding and non-coding RNAs could bind to PRC2 complex. However, the functions of protein-coding RNAs that bind to PRC2 complex in tumor are still unknown. Through data mining and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, our study found that there were a class of protein-coding RNAs bound to PRC2 complex and H3 with tri-methylation on lysine 27. The Bayesian gene regulatory network analysis pointed out that these RNAs regulated the expression of PRC2-regulated genes in cancer. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) also confirmed that these RNAs were associated with histone modification in cancer. We also confirmed that MYO1C, a PRC2-bound transcript, inhibited the modification level of H3K27me3. Further detailed study showed that TMEM117 regulated TSLP expression through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 modification. Interestingly, the RNA recognition motif of PRC2 complex might help these RNAs bind to the PRC2 complex more easily. The same regulatory pattern was found in mice as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijian Liao
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shoucui Gao
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA Center, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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99989
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Deng M, Yuan J, Yang H, Wu X, Wei X, Du Y, Wong G, Tao Y, Liu G, Jin Z, Chu J. A Genetically Encoded Bioluminescent System for Fast and Highly Sensitive Detection of Antibodies with a Bright Green Fluorescent Protein. ACS Nano 2021; 15:17602-17612. [PMID: 34726889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A method for fast and highly sensitive detection of antibodies in serum would greatly facilitate the early diagnosis of disease and infection and dose optimization of therapeutic antibody. Bioluminescence detection with LUMABS (renamed mNeonG-LUMABS, where mNeonG is short for mNeonGreen) sensors based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between blue-emitting luciferase Nluc and green fluorescent protein (FP) mNeonGreen has been demonstrated to enable fast detection of antibodies directly in serum with reasonable sensitivity. However, some mNeonG-LUMABS sensors exhibit low sensitivity, and thus, sensitivity improvement remains imperative. Here, we report a bright green FP, Clover4, obtained by structure-guided mutagenesis of green FP Clover. Despite similar brightness and fluorescence spectra of Clover and mNeonGreen, Clover4-LUMABS sensors exhibit a largely increased dynamic range (maximum 20-fold) and much lower limit of detection (LOD) (maximum 5.6-fold), most likely because Clover4 is positioned in a more parallel orientation to Nluc in LUMABS. Due to modular design, Clover4-LUMABS offers a general BRET system for fast and highly sensitive antibody detection in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Haibin Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | | | - Yang Du
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Garry Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yuyong Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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99990
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Abstract
Prions are proteinaceous infectious agents that can be transmitted through various components of the environment, including soil particles. We found that earthworms exposed to prion-contaminated soil can bind, retain, and excrete prions, which remain highly infectious. Our results suggest that earthworms potentially contribute to prion disease spread in the environment.
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99991
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Shen Y, Endale M, Wang W, Morris AR, Francey LJ, Harold RL, Hammers DW, Huo Z, Partch CL, Hogenesch JB, Wu ZH, Liu AC. NF-κB modifies the mammalian circadian clock through interaction with the core clock protein BMAL1. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009933. [PMID: 34807912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian clock coordinates cell physiological processes including inflammation. Recent studies suggested a crosstalk between these two pathways. However, the mechanism of how inflammation affects the clock is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in regulating clock function. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that perturbation of the canonical NF-κB subunit RELA in the human U2OS cellular model altered core clock gene expression. While RELA activation shortened period length and dampened amplitude, its inhibition lengthened period length and caused amplitude phenotypes. NF-κB perturbation also altered circadian rhythms in the master suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) clock and locomotor activity behavior under different light/dark conditions. We show that RELA, like the clock repressor CRY1, repressed the transcriptional activity of BMAL1/CLOCK at the circadian E-box cis-element. Biochemical and biophysical analysis showed that RELA binds to the transactivation domain of BMAL1. These data support a model in which NF-kB competes with CRY1 and coactivator CBP/p300 for BMAL1 binding to affect circadian transcription. This is further supported by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showing that binding of RELA, BMAL1 and CLOCK converges on the E-boxes of clock genes. Taken together, these data support a significant role for NF-κB in directly regulating the circadian clock and highlight mutual regulation between the circadian and inflammatory pathways.
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99992
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Nordholt N, Kanaris O, Schmidt SBI, Schreiber F. Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance during periodic disinfection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6792. [PMID: 34815390 PMCID: PMC8611074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocides used as disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially during the current antibiotic resistance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations that can survive transient antibiotic treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Here, we show that E. coli displays persistence against a widely used disinfectant, benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Periodic, persister-mediated failure of disinfection rapidly selects for BAC tolerance, which is associated with reduced cell surface charge and mutations in the lpxM locus, encoding an enzyme for lipid A biosynthesis. Moreover, the fitness cost incurred by BAC tolerance turns into a fitness benefit in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a selective advantage of BAC-tolerant mutants in antibiotic environments. Our findings highlight the links between persistence to disinfectants and resistance evolution to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Nordholt
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Orestis Kanaris
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Selina B I Schmidt
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany.
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99993
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González-Delgado A, Mestre MR, Martínez-Abarca F, Toro N. Prokaryotic reverse transcriptases: from retroelements to specialized defense systems. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuab025. [PMID: 33983378 PMCID: PMC8632793 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcriptases (RTs) catalyze the polymerization of DNA from an RNA template. These enzymes were first discovered in RNA tumor viruses in 1970, but it was not until 1989 that they were found in prokaryotes as a key component of retrons. Apart from RTs encoded by the 'selfish' mobile retroelements known as group II introns, prokaryotic RTs are extraordinarily diverse, but their function has remained elusive. However, recent studies have revealed that different lineages of prokaryotic RTs, including retrons, those associated with CRISPR-Cas systems, Abi-like RTs and other yet uncharacterized RTs, are key components of different lines of defense against phages and other mobile genetic elements. Prokaryotic RTs participate in various antiviral strategies, including abortive infection (Abi), in which the infected cell is induced to commit suicide to protect the host population, adaptive immunity, in which a memory of previous infection is used to build an efficient defense, and other as yet unidentified mechanisms. These prokaryotic enzymes are attracting considerable attention, both for use in cutting-edge technologies, such as genome editing, and as an emerging research topic. In this review, we discuss what is known about prokaryotic RTs, and the exciting evidence for their domestication from retroelements to create specialized defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro González-Delgado
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Structure, Dynamics and Function of Rhizobacterial Genomes, Grupo de Ecología Genética de la Rizosfera, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Rodríguez Mestre
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Structure, Dynamics and Function of Rhizobacterial Genomes, Grupo de Ecología Genética de la Rizosfera, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez-Abarca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Structure, Dynamics and Function of Rhizobacterial Genomes, Grupo de Ecología Genética de la Rizosfera, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolás Toro
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Structure, Dynamics and Function of Rhizobacterial Genomes, Grupo de Ecología Genética de la Rizosfera, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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99994
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Ferrari E, Barbero F, Busquets-Fité M, Franz-Wachtel M, Köhler HR, Puntes V, Kemmerling B. Growth-Promoting Gold Nanoparticles Decrease Stress Responses in Arabidopsis Seedlings. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:3161. [PMID: 34947510 PMCID: PMC8707008 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The global economic success of man-made nanoscale materials has led to a higher production rate and diversification of emission sources in the environment. For these reasons, novel nanosafety approaches to assess the environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials are required. While studying the potential toxicity of metal nanoparticles (NPs), we realized that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a growth-promoting rather than a stress-inducing effect. In this study we established stable short- and long-term exposition systems for testing plant responses to NPs. Exposure of plants to moderate concentrations of AuNPs resulted in enhanced growth of the plants with longer primary roots, more and longer lateral roots and increased rosette diameter, and reduced oxidative stress responses elicited by the immune-stimulatory PAMP flg22. Our data did not reveal any detrimental effects of AuNPs on plants but clearly showed positive effects on growth, presumably by their protective influence on oxidative stress responses. Differential transcriptomics and proteomics analyses revealed that oxidative stress responses are downregulated whereas growth-promoting genes/proteins are upregulated. These omics datasets after AuNP exposure can now be exploited to study the underlying molecular mechanisms of AuNP-induced growth-promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.B.); (V.P.)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Heinz-R. Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.B.); (V.P.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08032 Barcelona, Spain
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99995
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Bai H, Wang G, Hu X, Kumar S, Min R. Biocompatible and Biodegradable Polymer Optical Fiber for Biomedical Application: A Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:472. [PMID: 34940229 PMCID: PMC8699361 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses recent advances in biocompatible and biodegradable polymer optical fiber (POF) for medical applications. First, the POF material and its optical properties are summarized. Then, several common optical fiber fabrication methods are thoroughly discussed. Following that, clinical applications of biocompatible and biodegradable POFs are discussed, including optogenetics, biosensing, drug delivery, and neural recording. Following that, biomedical applications expanded the specific functionalization of the material or fiber design. Different research or clinical applications necessitate the use of different equipment to achieve the desired results. Finally, the difficulty of implanting flexible fiber varies with its flexibility. We present our article in a clear and logical manner that will be useful to researchers seeking a broad perspective on the proposed topic. Overall, the content provides a comprehensive overview of biocompatible and biodegradable POFs, including previous breakthroughs, as well as recent advancements. Biodegradable optical fibers have numerous applications, opening up new avenues in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Y.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yu Huang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Y.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hongyi Bai
- College of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Guoqing Wang
- College of Microelectronics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Xuehao Hu
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
| | - Rui Min
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (Y.W.); (Y.H.)
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99996
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Lu H, Xu S, Guo Z, Zhao M, Liu Z. Redox-Responsive Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles for Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Protein toward Cancer Therapy. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18214-18225. [PMID: 34664930 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although protein therapeutics is of significance in therapeutic intervention of cancers, controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins still faces substantial challenges including susceptibility to degradation and denaturation and poor membrane permeability. Herein, we report a sialic acid (SA)-imprinted biodegradable silica nanoparticles (BS-NPs)-based protein delivery strategy for targeted cancer therapy. Cytotoxic ribonuclease A (RNase A) was effectively caged in the matrix of disulfide-hybridized silica NPs (encapsulation efficiency of ∼64%), which were further functionalized with cancer targeting capability via surface imprinting with SA as imprinting template. Such nanovectors could not only maintain high stability in physiological conditions but also permit redox-triggered biodegradation for both concomitant release of the loaded therapeutic cargo and in vivo clearance. In vitro experiments confirmed that the SA-imprinted RNase A@BS-NPs could selectively target SA-overexpressed tumor cells, promote cells uptake, and subsequently be cleaved by intracellular glutathione (GSH), resulting in rapid release kinetics and enhanced cell cytotoxicity. In vivo experiments further confirmed that the SA-imprinted RNase A@BS-NPs had specific tumor-targeting ability and high therapeutic efficacy of RNase A in xenograft tumor model. Due to the specific targeting and traceless GSH-stimulated intracellular protein release, the SA-imprinted BS-NPs provided a promising platform for the delivery of biomacromolecules in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhanchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Menghuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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99997
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Li L, Li Q, Li X, Wang S, Zheng K, Zuo M, Zu X, Zhao Y, Yan W, Zhu J, Sun Y, Xie Y. Constructing artificial mimic-enzyme catalysts for carbon dioxide electroreduction. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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99998
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Cui H, Ma X, Hu G, Wei J, He Y, Hu Y. Residue 49 of AtMinD1 Plays a Key Role in the Guidance of Chloroplast Division by Regulating the ARC6-AtMinD1 Interaction. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:752790. [PMID: 34880885 PMCID: PMC8646090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts evolved from a free-living cyanobacterium through endosymbiosis. Similar to bacterial cell division, chloroplasts replicate by binary fission, which is controlled by the Minicell (Min) system through confining FtsZ ring formation at the mid-chloroplast division site. MinD, one of the most important members of the Min system, regulates the placement of the division site in plants and works cooperatively with MinE, ARC3, and MCD1. The loss of MinD function results in the asymmetric division of chloroplasts. In this study, we isolated one large dumbbell-shaped and asymmetric division chloroplast Arabidopsis mutant Chloroplast Division Mutant 75 (cdm75) that contains a missense mutation, changing the arginine at residue 49 to a histidine (R49H), and this mutant point is located in the N-terminal Conserved Terrestrial Sequence (NCTS) motif of AtMinD1, which is only typically found in terrestrial plants. This study provides sufficient evidence to prove that residues 1-49 of AtMinD1 are transferred into the chloroplast, and that the R49H mutation does not affect the function of the AtMinD1 chloroplast transit peptide. Subsequently, we showed that the point mutation of R49H could remove the punctate structure caused by residues 1-62 of the AtMinD1 sequence in the chloroplast, suggesting that the arginine in residue 49 (Arg49) is essential for localizing the punctate structure of AtMinD11 - 62 on the chloroplast envelope. Unexpectedly, we found that AtMinD1 could interact directly with ARC6, and that the R49H mutation could prevent not only the previously observed interaction between AtMinD1 and MCD1 but also the interaction between AtMinD1 and ARC6. Thus, we believe that these results show that the AtMinD1 NCTS motif is required for their protein interaction. Collectively, our results show that AtMinD1 can guide the placement of the division site to the mid chloroplast through its direct interaction with ARC6 and reveal the important role of AtMinD1 in regulating the AtMinD1-ARC6 interaction.
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99999
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Yang C, Lavayen BP, Liu L, Sanz BD, DeMars KM, Larochelle J, Pompilus M, Febo M, Sun YY, Kuo YM, Mohamadzadeh M, Farr SA, Kuan CY, Butler AA, Candelario-Jalil E. Neurovascular protection by adropin in experimental ischemic stroke through an endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102197. [PMID: 34826783 PMCID: PMC8633041 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a highly-conserved peptide that has been shown to preserve endothelial barrier function. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a key pathological event in cerebral ischemia. However, the effects of adropin on ischemic stroke outcomes remain unexplored. Hypothesizing that adropin exerts neuroprotective effects by maintaining BBB integrity, we investigated the role of adropin in stroke pathology utilizing loss- and gain-of-function genetic approaches combined with pharmacological treatment with synthetic adropin peptide. Long-term anatomical and functional outcomes were evaluated using histology, MRI, and a battery of sensorimotor and cognitive tests in mice subjected to ischemic stroke. Brain ischemia decreased endogenous adropin levels in the brain and plasma. Adropin treatment or transgenic adropin overexpression robustly reduced brain injury and improved long-term sensorimotor and cognitive function in young and aged mice subjected to ischemic stroke. In contrast, genetic deletion of adropin exacerbated ischemic brain injury, irrespective of sex. Mechanistically, adropin treatment reduced BBB damage, degradation of tight junction proteins, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, oxidative stress, and infiltration of neutrophils into the ischemic brain. Adropin significantly increased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Akt, and ERK1/2. While adropin therapy was remarkably protective in wild-type mice, it failed to reduce brain injury in eNOS-deficient animals, suggesting that eNOS is required for the protective effects of adropin in stroke. These data provide the first causal evidence that adropin exerts neurovascular protection in stroke through an eNOS-dependent mechanism. We identify adropin as a novel neuroprotective peptide with the potential to improve stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bianca P Lavayen
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian D Sanz
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly M DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Larochelle
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marjory Pompilus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Kuo
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susan A Farr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, John Cochran Division, MO, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrew A Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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100000
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Güran A, Ji Y, Fang P, Pan KT, Urlaub H, Avkiran M, Lenz C. Quantitative Analysis of the Cardiac Phosphoproteome in Response to Acute β-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12584. [PMID: 34830474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation represents a major mechanism of modulating cardiac output. In spite of its fundamental importance, its molecular basis on the level of cell signalling has not been characterised in detail yet. We employed mass spectrometry-based proteome and phosphoproteome analysis using SuperSILAC (spike-in stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture) standardization to generate a comprehensive map of acute phosphoproteome changes in mice upon administration of isoprenaline (ISO), a synthetic β-AR agonist that targets both β1-AR and β2-AR subtypes. Our data describe 8597 quantitated phosphopeptides corresponding to 10,164 known and novel phospho-events from 2975 proteins. In total, 197 of these phospho-events showed significantly altered phosphorylation, indicating an intricate signalling network activated in response to β-AR stimulation. In addition, we unexpectedly detected significant cardiac expression and ISO-induced fragmentation of junctophilin-1, a junctophilin isoform hitherto only thought to be expressed in skeletal muscle. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025569.
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