99951
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Mindt BC, Krisna SS, Duerr CU, Mancini M, Richer L, Vidal SM, Gerondakis S, Langlais D, Fritz JH. The NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel Modulates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Effector Functions and Drives Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664218. [PMID: 34867937 PMCID: PMC8635195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a key role in the initiation and orchestration of early type 2 immune responses. Upon tissue damage, ILC2s are activated by alarmins such as IL-33 and rapidly secrete large amounts of type 2 signature cytokines. ILC2 activation is governed by a network of transcriptional regulators including nuclear factor (NF)-κB family transcription factors. While it is known that activating IL-33 receptor signaling results in downstream NF-κB activation, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we found that the NF-κB subunit c-Rel is required to mount effective innate pulmonary type 2 immune responses. IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s in vitro as well as in vivo was found to induce c-Rel mRNA and protein expression. In addition, we demonstrate that IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s leads to nuclear translocation of c-Rel in pulmonary ILC2s. Although c-Rel was found to be a critical mediator of innate pulmonary type 2 immune responses, ILC2-intrinsic deficiency of c-Rel did not have an impact on the developmental capacity of ILC2s nor affected homeostatic numbers of lung-resident ILC2s at steady state. Moreover, we demonstrate that ILC2-intrinsic deficiency of c-Rel alters the capacity of ILC2s to upregulate the expression of ICOSL and OX40L, key stimulatory receptors, and the expression of type 2 signature cytokines IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Collectively, our data using Rel−/− mice suggest that c-Rel promotes acute ILC2-driven allergic airway inflammation and suggest that c-Rel may contribute to the pathophysiology of ILC2-mediated allergic airway disease. It thereby represents a promising target for the treatment of allergic asthma, and evaluating the effect of established c-Rel inhibitors in this context would be of great clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C. Mindt
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sai Sakktee Krisna
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia U. Duerr
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lara Richer
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Gerondakis
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jörg H. Fritz,
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99952
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Barnes SA, Trew I, de Jong E, Foley B. Making a Killer: Selecting the Optimal Natural Killer Cells for Improved Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765705. [PMID: 34777383 PMCID: PMC8578927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies have emerged as a safe and effective treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia. Unlike T cell-based therapies, NK cells harbor an innate capacity to eliminate malignant cells without prior sensitization and can be adoptively transferred between individuals without the need for extensive HLA matching. A wide variety of therapeutic NK cell sources are currently being investigated clinically, including allogeneic donor-derived NK cells, stem cell-derived NK cells and NK cell lines. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that not all NK cells are endowed with the same antitumor potential. Despite advances in techniques to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and persistence, the initial identification and utilization of highly functional NK cells remains essential to ensure the future success of adoptive NK cell therapies. Indeed, little consideration has been given to the identification and selection of donors who harbor NK cells with potent antitumor activity. In this regard, there is currently no standard donor selection criteria for adoptive NK cell therapy. Here, we review our current understanding of the factors which govern NK cell functional fate, and propose a paradigm shift away from traditional phenotypic characterization of NK cell subsets towards a functional profile based on molecular and metabolic characteristics. We also discuss previous selection models for NK cell-based immunotherapies and highlight important considerations for the selection of optimal NK cell donors for future adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Barnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Isabella Trew
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Emma de Jong
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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99953
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Costa PAC, Silva WN, Prazeres PHDM, Picoli CC, Guardia GDA, Costa AC, Oliveira MA, Guimarães PPG, Gonçalves R, Pinto MCX, Amorim JH, Azevedo VAC, Resende RR, Russo RC, Cunha TM, Galante PAF, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Chemogenetic modulation of sensory neurons reveals their regulating role in melanoma progression. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:183. [PMID: 34784974 PMCID: PMC8594104 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons have recently emerged as components of the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, whether sensory neuronal activity is important for tumor progression remains unknown. Here we used Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug (DREADD) technology to inhibit or activate sensory neurons' firing within the melanoma tumor. Melanoma growth and angiogenesis were accelerated following inhibition of sensory neurons' activity and were reduced following overstimulation of these neurons. Sensory neuron-specific overactivation also induced a boost in the immune surveillance by increasing tumor-infiltrating anti-tumor lymphocytes, while reducing immune-suppressor cells. In humans, a retrospective in silico analysis of melanoma biopsies revealed that increased expression of sensory neurons-related genes within melanoma was associated with improved survival. These findings suggest that sensory innervations regulate melanoma progression, indicating that manipulation of sensory neurons' activity may provide a valuable tool to improve melanoma patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. C. Costa
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Walison N. Silva
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Pedro H. D. M. Prazeres
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Caroline C. Picoli
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Gabriela D. A. Guardia
- grid.413471.40000 0000 9080 8521Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - Alinne C. Costa
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Mariana A. Oliveira
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Pedro P. G. Guimarães
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Mauro C. X. Pinto
- grid.411195.90000 0001 2192 5801Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brasil
| | - Jaime H. Amorim
- grid.472638.c0000 0004 4685 7608Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, BA Brasil
| | - Vasco A. C. Azevedo
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Rodrigo R. Resende
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Remo C. Russo
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
| | - Pedro A. F. Galante
- grid.413471.40000 0000 9080 8521Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. .,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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99954
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Karakaya D, Cakir-Aktas C, Uzun S, Soylemezoglu F, Mut M. Tailored Therapeutic Doses of Dexmedetomidine in Evolving Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2021; 36:802-814. [PMID: 34782991 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the secondary damage mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is essential for developing new therapeutic approaches. Neuroinflammation has a pivotal role in secondary brain injury after TBI. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes results in the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and, in addition, later in the response, microglial activation and migration of the peripheral immune cells into the injured brain are observed. Therefore, these components involved in the inflammatory process are becoming a new treatment target in TBI. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an effective drug, widely used over the past few years in neurocritical care units and during surgical operations for sedation and analgesia, and has anti-inflammatory effects, which are shown in in vivo studies. The aim of this original research is to discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of different Dex doses over time in TBI. METHODS Brain injury was performed by using a weight-drop model. Half an hour after the trauma, intraperitoneal saline was injected into the control groups and 40 and 200 μg/kg of Dex were given to the drug groups. Neurological evaluations were performed with the modified Neurological Severity Score before being killed. Then, the mice were killed on the first or the third day after TBI and histopathologic (hematoxylin-eosin) and immunofluorescent (Iba1, NLRP3, interleukin-1β, and CD3) findings of the brain tissues were examined. Nonparametric data were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was done for comparing two groups. The results are presented as mean ± standard error of mean. RESULTS The results showed that low doses of Dex suppress NLRP3 and interleukin-1β in both terms. Additionally, high doses of Dex cause a remarkable decrease in the migration and motility of microglial cells and T cells in the late phase following TBI. Interestingly, the immune cells were influenced by only high-dose Dex in the late phase of TBI and it also improves neurologic outcome in the same period. CONCLUSIONS In the mice head trauma model, different doses of Dex attenuate neuroinflammation by suppressing distinct components of the neuroinflammatory process in a different timecourse that contributes to neurologic recovery. These results suggest that Dex may be an appropriate choice for sedation and analgesia in patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicle Karakaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Cakir-Aktas
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sennur Uzun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Soylemezoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Mut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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99955
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Schierova D, Roubalova R, Kolar M, Stehlikova Z, Rob F, Jackova Z, Coufal S, Thon T, Mihula M, Modrak M, Kverka M, Bajer L, Kostovcikova K, Drastich P, Hercogova J, Novakova M, Vasatko M, Lukas M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z. Fecal Microbiome Changes and Specific Anti-Bacterial Response in Patients with IBD during Anti-TNF Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:3188. [PMID: 34831411 PMCID: PMC8617723 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that have been linked to microbiome dysbiosis and immune system dysregulation. We investigated the longitudinal effect of anti-TNF therapy on gut microbiota composition and specific immune response to commensals in IBD patients. The study included 52 patients tracked over 38 weeks of therapy and 37 healthy controls (HC). To characterize the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, we used amplicon sequencing of the V3V4 region of 16S rRNA for the bacterial community and of the ITS1 region for the fungal community. We measured total antibody levels as well as specific antibodies against assorted gut commensals by ELISA. We found diversity differences between HC, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis patients. The bacterial community of patients with IBD was more similar to HC at the study endpoint, suggesting a beneficial shift in the microbiome in response to treatment. We identified factors such as disease severity, localization, and surgical intervention that significantly contribute to the observed changes in the gut bacteriome. Furthermore, we revealed increased IgM levels against specific gut commensals after anti-TNF treatment. In summary, this study, with its longitudinal design, brings insights into the course of anti-TNF therapy in patients with IBD and correlates the bacterial diversity with disease severity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schierova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Radka Roubalova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Martin Kolar
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre ISCARE a.s., 190 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Zuzana Stehlikova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Filip Rob
- Dermatovenerology Department, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Charles University in Prague, 180 81 Prague, Czech Republic; (F.R.); (J.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Zuzana Jackova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Stepan Coufal
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Tomas Thon
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Martin Mihula
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Martin Modrak
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Lukas Bajer
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Science, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Pavel Drastich
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Science, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Hercogova
- Dermatovenerology Department, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Charles University in Prague, 180 81 Prague, Czech Republic; (F.R.); (J.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Michaela Novakova
- Dermatovenerology Department, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Charles University in Prague, 180 81 Prague, Czech Republic; (F.R.); (J.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Martin Vasatko
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre ISCARE a.s., 190 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Milan Lukas
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre ISCARE a.s., 190 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.V.); (M.L.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
| | - Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (R.R.); (Z.S.); (Z.J.); (S.C.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.K.); (L.B.); (K.K.); (H.T.-H.)
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99956
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Yi J, Shuang Z, Zhong W, Wu H, Feng J, Zouxu X, Huang X, Li S, Wang X. Identification of Immune-Related Risk Characteristics and Prognostic Value of Immunophenotyping in TNBC. Front Genet 2021; 12:730442. [PMID: 34777466 PMCID: PMC8586457 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.730442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not sensitive to targeted therapy with HER-2 monoclonal antibody and endocrine therapy due to lack of ER, PR, and HER-2 receptors. TNBC is a breast cancer subtype with the worst prognosis and the highest mortality rate compared with other subtypes. Materials and Methods: Breast cancer-related data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and 116 cases of triple-negative breast cancer were identified from the data. GSE31519 dataset was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, comprising a total of 68 cases with TNBC. Survival analysis was performed based on immune score, infiltration score and mutation score to explore differences in prognosis of different immune types. Analysis of differentially expressed genes was conducted and GSEA analysis based on these genes was conducted to explore the potential mechanism. Results: The findings showed that comprehensive immune typing is highly effective and accurate in assessing prognosis of TNBC patients. Analysis showed that MMP9, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CD7 are key genes that may affect immune typing of TNBC patients and play an important role in prediction of prognosis in TNBC patients. Conclusion: The current study presents an evaluation system based on immunophenotyping, which provides a more accurate prognostic evaluation tool for TNBC patients. Differentially expressed genes can be targeted to improve treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Yi
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Shuang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jikun Feng
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiazi Zouxu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Huang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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99957
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Yang H, Liu X, Zhu X, Li X, Jiang L, Zhong M, Zhang M, Chen T, Ma M, Liang X, Lv K. CPVL promotes glioma progression via STAT1 pathway inhibition through interactions with the BTK/p300 axis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146362. [PMID: 34784299 PMCID: PMC8783677 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CPVL (carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic-like) is a serine carboxypeptidase that was first characterized in human macrophages. However, the function of CPVL remains unclear in a variety of tumors. The quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, and IHC assays were utilized to measure the CPVL expression. CPVL was significantly upregulated in glioma cells and tissues compared with normal cells and tissues, respectively. Moreover, high CPVL expression was correlated with advanced clinical grade and poor prognosis. Silencing of CPVL promoted glioma cell apoptosis, and it inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) demonstrated that CPVL silencing activated the IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling pathway, thereby inducing glioma cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, immunopurification, mass spectrometry, IP, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down experiments elucidated that CPVL physically interacts with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and downregulates the STAT1 phosphorylation through promoting p300-mediated STAT1 acetylation. Our findings reveal the crucial role of CPVL in promoting the progression of glioma through suppressing STAT1 phosphorylation. CPVL might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaocen Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Tianbing Chen
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mingzhe Ma
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kun Lv
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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99958
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Matas-Rico E, Frijlink E, van der Haar Àvila I, Menegakis A, van Zon M, Morris AJ, Koster J, Salgado-Polo F, de Kivit S, Lança T, Mazzocca A, Johnson Z, Haanen J, Schumacher TN, Perrakis A, Verbrugge I, van den Berg JH, Borst J, Moolenaar WH. Autotaxin impedes anti-tumor immunity by suppressing chemotaxis and tumor infiltration of CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110013. [PMID: 34788605 PMCID: PMC8761359 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX; ENPP2) produces lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) that regulates multiple biological functions via cognate G protein-coupled receptors LPAR1–6. ATX/LPA promotes tumor cell migration and metastasis via LPAR1 and T cell motility via LPAR2, yet its actions in the tumor immune microenvironment remain unclear. Here, we show that ATX secreted by melanoma cells is chemorepulsive for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and circulating CD8+ T cells ex vivo, with ATX functioning as an LPA-producing chaperone. Mechanistically, T cell repulsion predominantly involves Gα12/13-coupled LPAR6. Upon anti-cancer vaccination of tumor-bearing mice, ATX does not affect the induction of systemic T cell responses but, importantly, suppresses tumor infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and thereby impairs tumor regression. Moreover, single-cell data from melanoma tumors are consistent with intratumoral ATX acting as a T cell repellent. These findings highlight an unexpected role for the pro-metastatic ATX-LPAR axis in suppressing CD8+ T cell infiltration to impede anti-tumor immunity, suggesting new therapeutic opportunities. Through LPA production, ATX modulates the tumor microenvironment in autocrine-paracrine manners. Matas-Rico et al. show that ATX/LPA is chemorepulsive for T cells with a dominant inhibitory role for Gα12/13-coupled LPAR6. Upon anticancer vaccination, tumor-intrinsic ATX suppresses the infiltration of CD8+ T cells without affecting their cytotoxic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Matas-Rico
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elselien Frijlink
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irene van der Haar Àvila
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Apostolos Menegakis
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike van Zon
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jan Koster
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Salgado-Polo
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander de Kivit
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Telma Lança
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Zoë Johnson
- iOnctura SA, Campus Biotech Innovation Park, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John Haanen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Verbrugge
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost H van den Berg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Wouter H Moolenaar
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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99959
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Zhang L, Kirkwood CL, Sohn J, Lau A, Bayers-Thering M, Bali SK, Rachala S, Marzo JM, Anders MJ, Beier F, Kirkwood KL. Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells contributes to metabolic osteoarthritis through subchondral bone remodeling. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:287. [PMID: 34784965 PMCID: PMC8594239 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) subsequent to acute joint injury accounts for a significant proportion of all arthropathies. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitor cells classically known for potent immune-suppressive activity; however, MDSCs can also differentiate into osteoclasts. In addition, this population is known to be expanded during metabolic disease. The objective of this study was to determine the role of MDSCs in the context of OA pathophysiology. METHODS In this study, we examined the differentiation and functional capacity of MDSCs to become osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo using mouse models of OA and in MDSC quantitation in humans with OA pathology relative to obesity status. RESULTS We observed that MDSCs are expanded in mice and humans during obesity. MDSCs were expanded in peripheral blood of OA subjects relative to body mass index and in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared to mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD). In mice, monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) was expanded in diet-induced obesity (DIO) with a further expansion after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce post-traumatic OA (PTOA) (compared to sham-operated controls). M-MDSCs from DIO mice had a greater capacity to form osteoclasts in culture with increased subchondral bone osteoclast number. In humans, we observed an expansion of M-MDSCs in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of obese subjects compared to lean subjects with OA. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MDSCs are reprogrammed in metabolic disease, with the potential to contribute towards OA progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA
| | - Cameron L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA
| | - Jiho Sohn
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Lau
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA
| | | | - Supinder Kour Bali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sridhar Rachala
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John M Marzo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Anders
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA. .,Department of Head and Neck/Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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99960
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McDonald T, Muhammad F, Peters K, Lee DJ. Combined Deficiency of the Melanocortin 5 Receptor and Adenosine 2A Receptor Unexpectedly Provides Resistance to Autoimmune Disease in a CD8 + T Cell-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742154. [PMID: 34867964 PMCID: PMC8634946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory immunity that provides resistance to relapse emerges during resolution of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). This post-EAU regulatory immunity requires a melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5r)-dependent suppressor antigen presenting cell (APC), as shown using a MC5r single knock-out mouse. The MC5r-dependent APC activates an adenosine 2A receptor (A2Ar)-dependent regulatory Treg cell, as shown using an A2Ar single knock-out mouse. Unexpectedly, when MC5r-/- post-EAU APC were used to activate A2Ar-/- post-EAU T cells the combination of cells significantly suppressed EAU, when transferred to EAU mice. In contrast, transfer of the reciprocal activation scheme did not suppress EAU. In order to explain this finding, MC5r-/-A2Ar-/- double knock-out (DKO) mice were bred. Naïve DKO mice had no differences in the APC populations, or inflammatory T cell subsets, but did have significantly more Treg cells. When we examined the number of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets, we found significantly fewer CD8 T cells in the DKO mice compared to WT and both single knock-out mice. DKO mice also had significantly reduced EAU severity and accelerated resolution. In order to determine if the CD8 T cell deficiency contributed to the resistance to EAU in the DKO mice, we transferred naïve CD8 T cells from WT mice, that were immunized for EAU. Susceptibility to EAU was restored in DKO mice that received a CD8 T cell transfer. While the mechanism that contributed to the CD8 T cell deficiency in the DKO mice remains to be determined, these observations indicate an importance of CD8 T cells in the initiation of EAU. The involvement of CD4 and CD8 T cells suggests that both class I and class II antigen presentation can trigger an autoimmune response, suggesting a much wider range of antigens may trigger autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha McDonald
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Fauziyya Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kayleigh Peters
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Darren J. Lee
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,*Correspondence: Darren J. Lee,
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99961
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Schienstock D, Mueller SN. Moving beyond velocity: Opportunities and challenges to quantify immune cell behavior. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:123-136. [PMID: 34786722 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of cellular behavior using intravital multi-photon microscopy has contributed substantially to our understanding of the priming and effector phases of immune responses. Yet, many questions remain unanswered and unexplored. Though advancements in intravital imaging techniques and animal models continue to drive new discoveries, continued improvements in analysis methods are needed to extract detailed information about cellular behavior. Focusing on dendritic cell (DC) and T cell interactions as an exemplar, here we discuss key limitations for intravital imaging studies and review and explore alternative approaches to quantify immune cell behavior. We touch upon current developments in deep learning models, as well as established methods from unrelated fields such as ecology to detect and track objects over time. As developments in open-source software make it possible to process and interactively view larger datasets, the challenge for the field will be to determine how best to combine intravital imaging with multi-parameter imaging of larger tissue regions to discover new facets of leukocyte dynamics and how these contribute to immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schienstock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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99962
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Hall JM, Bitzer GJ, DeJong MA, Kang J, Wong TY, Wolf MA, Bevere JR, Barbier M, Damron FH. Mucosal Immunization with DTaP Confers Protection against Bordetella pertussis Infection and Cough in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0034621. [PMID: 34516235 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00346-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative pathogen, Bordetella pertussis. The transition from a whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP and DTP) to an acellular pertussis vaccine (aP, DTaP, and Tdap) correlates with an increase in pertussis cases, despite widespread vaccine implementation and coverage, and it is now appreciated that the protection provided by aP rapidly wanes. To recapitulate the localized immunity observed from natural infection, mucosal vaccination with aP was explored using the coughing rat model of pertussis. Overall, our goal was to evaluate the route of vaccination in the coughing rat model of pertussis. Immunity induced by both oral gavage and intranasal vaccination of aP in B. pertussis challenged rats over a 9-day infection was compared to intramuscular wP (IM-wP)- and IM-aP-immunized rats that were used as positive controls. Our data demonstrate that mucosal immunization of aP resulted in the production of anti-B. pertussis IgG antibody titers similar to IM-wP- and IM-aP-vaccinated controls postchallenge. IN-aP also induced anti-B. pertussis IgA antibodies in the nasal cavity. Immunization with IM-wP, IM-aP, IN-aP, and OG-aP immunization protected against B. pertussis-induced cough, whereas OG-aP immunization did not protect against respiratory distress. Mucosal immunization by both intranasal and oral gavage administration protected against acute inflammation and decreased bacterial burden in the lung compared to mock-vaccinated challenge rats. The data presented in this study suggest that mucosal vaccination with aP can induce a mucosal immune response and provide protection against B. pertussis challenge. This study highlights the potential benefits and uses of the coughing rat model of pertussis; however, further questions regarding waning immunity still require additional investigation.
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99963
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Pan J, Wu Q, Huang Y, Bai S, Tian C, Zhu M, Lian Z, Li F, Tian Z, Bai L. iNKT subsets differ in their developmental and functional requirements on Foxo1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105950118. [PMID: 34772808 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105950118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play important roles in regulating immune responses. Based on cytokine profiling and key transcriptional factors, iNKT cells are classified into iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17 subsets. However, whether the development and functions of these subsets are controlled by distinct mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we show that forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) promotes differentiation of iNKT1 and iNKT2 cells but not iNKT17 cells because of its distinct contributions to IL7R expression in these subsets. Nuclear Foxo1 is essential for Il7r expression in iNKT1 and iNKT2 cells at early stages of differentiation but is dispensable in iNKT17 cells. RORγt, instead of Foxo1, promotes IL7R expression in iNKT17 cells. Additionally, Foxo1 is required for the effector function of iNKT1 and iNKT2 cells but not iNKT17 cells. Cytoplasmic Foxo1 promotes activation of mTORC1 in iNKT1 and iNKT2 cells through inhibiting TSC1-TSC2 interaction, whereas it is dispensable for mTORC1 activation in iNKT17 cells. iNKT17 cells display distinct metabolic gene expression patterns from iNKT1 and iNKT2 cells that match their different functional requirements on Foxo1. Together, our results demonstrate that iNKT cell subsets differ in their developmental and functional requirements on Foxo1.
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99964
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Bartlett DB, Hanson ED, Lee JT, Wagoner CW, Harrell EP, Sullivan SA, Bates LC, Alzer MS, Amatuli DJ, Deal AM, Jensen BC, MacDonald G, Deal MA, Muss HB, Nyrop KA, Battaglini CL. The Effects of 16 Weeks of Exercise Training on Neutrophil Functions in Breast Cancer Survivors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733101. [PMID: 34777343 PMCID: PMC8578958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following therapy, breast cancer survivors (BCS) have an increased risk of infections because of age and cancer dysregulation of inflammation and neutrophil functions. Neutrophil functions may be improved by exercise training, although limited data exist on exercise and neutrophil functions in BCS.Sixteen BCS [mean age: 56 (SD 11) years old] completed 16 weeks of community-based exercise training and a 45-minute acute bout of cycling before (Base) and after (Final) the exercise training program. Exercise training consisted of 3 x 40 – 60 minute mixed mode aerobic exercises, comprising 10 – 30 minutes aerobic and 30 minutes resistance training. At Base and Final, we took BCS blood samples before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 1 hour after (1Hr) acute exercise to determine neutrophil counts, phenotype, bacterial killing, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Eleven healthy, age- and physical activity levels-matched women (Control) completed the acute bout of exercise once as a healthy response reference. Resting Responses. BCS and Controls had similar Base PRE absolute neutrophil counts [mean (SD): 3.3 (1.9) v 3.1 (1.2) x 109/L, p=0.801], but BCS had lower bacterial phagocytosis [3991 (1233) v 4881 (417) MFI, p=0.035] and higher oxidative killing [6254 (1434) v 4709 (1220) MFI, p=0.005], lower CD16 [4159 (1785) v 7018 (1240) MFI, p<0.001], lower CXCR2 [4878 (1796) v 6330 (1299) MFI, p=0.032] and higher TLR2 [98 (32) v 72 (17) MFI, p=0.022] expression, while IL-6 [7.4 (5.4) v 4.0 (2.7) pg/mL, p=0.079] levels were marginally higher and IL-8 [6.0 (4.7) v 7.9 (5.0) pg/mL, p=0.316] levels similar. After 16 weeks of training, compared to Controls, BCS Final PRE phagocytosis [4510 (738) v 4881 (417) MFI, p=0.146] and TLR2 expression [114 (92) v 72 (17) MFI, p=0.148] were no longer different. Acute Exercise Responses. As compared to Controls, at Base, BCS phagocytic Pre-Post response was lower [mean difference, % (SD): 12% (26%), p=0.042], CD16 Pre-Post response was lower [12% (21%), p=0.016] while CD16 Pre-1Hr response was higher [13% (25%), p=0.022], TLR2 Pre-Post response was higher [15% (4%) p=0.002], while IL-8 Pre-Post response was higher [99% (48%), p=0.049]. As compared to Controls, following 16 weeks of training BCS phagocytic Pre-Post response [5% (5%), p=0.418], CD16 Pre-1Hr response [7% (7%), p=0.294], TLR2 Pre-Post response [6% (4%), p=0.092], and IL-8 Pre-Post response [1% (9%), p=0.087] were no longer different. Following cancer therapy, BCS may have impaired neutrophil functions in response to an acute bout of exercise that are partially restored by 16 weeks of exercise training. The improved phagocytosis of bacteria in BCS may represent an exercise-induced intrinsic improvement in neutrophil functions consistent with a reduced risk of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Bartlett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jordan T Lee
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Chad W Wagoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth P Harrell
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie A Sullivan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren C Bates
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mohamdod S Alzer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dean J Amatuli
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Allison M Deal
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brian C Jensen
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Grace MacDonald
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael A Deal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hyman B Muss
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kirsten A Nyrop
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claudio L Battaglini
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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99965
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Tao Z, Jiang Y, Xia S. Regulation of thymic T regulatory cell differentiation by TECs in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13094. [PMID: 34780092 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The thymus produces self-limiting and self-tolerant T cells through the interaction between thymocytes and thymus epithelial cells (TECs), thereby generating central immune tolerance. The TECs are composed of cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells, which regulate the positive and negative selection of T cells, respectively. During the process of negative selection, thymocytes with self-reactive ability are deleted or differentiated into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are a subset of suppressor T cells that are important for maintaining immune homeostasis. The differentiation and development of Tregs depend on the development of TECs and other underlying molecular mechanisms. Tregs regulated by thymic epithelial cells are closely related to human health and are significant in autoimmune diseases, thymoma and pregnancy. In this review, we summarize the current molecular and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms by which TECs affect the development and function of thymic Tregs. We also review the pathophysiological models of thymic epithelial cells regulating thymic Tregs in human diseases and specific physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Tao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yalan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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99966
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Sakai K, Sakurai T, De Velasco MA, Nagai T, Chikugo T, Ueshima K, Kura Y, Takahama T, Hayashi H, Nakagawa K, Kudo M, Nishio K. Intestinal Microbiota and Gene Expression Reveal Similarity and Dissimilarity Between Immune-Mediated Colitis and Ulcerative Colitis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:763468. [PMID: 34778085 PMCID: PMC8578892 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.763468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard of care for several cancers. However, ICI therapy has also been associated with various immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Clinical manifestations of immune-related colitis resemble those of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC). The composition of the bowel microflora is thought to influence the development of inflammatory bowel disease and irAE colitis. We profiled the gene expressions and microbe compositions of colonic mucosa from patients with solid cancers receiving anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment; we then compared the expression profiles associated with irAE colitis with those associated with UC. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed functional similarities between inflamed regions of irAE colitis and UC. The common enriched pathways included leukocyte extravasation and immune responses, whereas non-inflamed mucosa from patients with irAE colitis was distinct from patients with UC and was characterized by the recruitment of immune cells. A similarity between the microbiota profiles was also identified. A decreased abundance of Bacteroides species was observed in inflamed regions from both irAE colitis and UC based on a microbiota composition analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing. Pathways associated with molecule transport systems, including fatty acids, were enriched in inflamed and non-inflamed irAE colitis and inflamed UC, similar to Piphillin-inferred KEGG pathways. While UC is characterized by local regions of inflammation, ICI treatment extends to non-inflammatory regions of the colonial mucosa where immune cells are reconstituted. This analysis of the similarity and heterogeneity of irAE colitis and UC provides important information for the management of irAE colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marco A De Velasco
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Chikugo
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Ueshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yurie Kura
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Takahama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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99967
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Ding L, Han DM, Zheng XL, Yan HM, Xue M, Liu J, Zhu L, Guo ZK, Mao N, Ning HM, Wang HX, Heng Zhu. Infusion of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells combined with mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of severe aplastic anemia in adult patients yields curative effects. Cytotherapy 2021; 24:205-212. [PMID: 34799271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Despite the great advances in immunosuppressive therapy for severe aplastic anemia (SAA), most patients are not completely cured. Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) has been recommended as an alternative treatment in adult SAA patients. However, haplo-HSCT presents a higher incidence of graft failure and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The authors designed a combination of haplo-HSCT and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for treatment of SAA in adult patients and evaluated its effects. METHODS Adult patients (≥18 years) with SAA (N = 25) were given HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) combined with UC-MSCs after a conditioning regimen consisting of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and anti-thymocyte globulin and intensive GVHD prophylaxis, including cyclosporine, basiliximab, mycophenolate mofetil and short-term methotrexate. Additionally, the effects of the protocol in adult SSA patients were compared with those observed in juvenile SAA patients (N = 75). RESULTS All patients achieved myeloid engraftment after haplo-HSCT at a median of 16.12 days (range, 11-26). The median time of platelet engraftment was 28.30 days (range, 13-143). The cumulative incidence of grade II acute GVHD (aGVHD) at day +100 was 32.00 ± 0.91%. No one had grade III-IV aGVHD at day +100. The cumulative incidence of total chronic GVHD was 28.00 ± 0.85%. The overall survival was 71.78 ± 9.05% at a median follow-up of 42.08 months (range, 2.67-104). Promisingly, the protocol yielded a similar curative effect in both young and adult SAA patients. CONCLUSIONS The authors' data suggest that co-transplantation of HLA-haploidentical HSCs and UC-MSCs may provide an effective and safe treatment for adult SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong-Mei Han
- Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Zheng
- Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Min Yan
- Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Xue
- Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Kuan Guo
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Mao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Ning
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Xiang Wang
- Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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99968
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Schmalen A, Lorenz L, Grosche A, Pauly D, Deeg CA, Hauck SM. Proteomic Phenotyping of Stimulated Müller Cells Uncovers Profound Pro-Inflammatory Signaling and Antigen-Presenting Capacity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771571. [PMID: 34776983 PMCID: PMC8585775 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Müller cells are the main macroglial cells of the retina exerting a wealth of functions to maintain retinal homoeostasis. Upon pathological changes in the retina, they become gliotic with both protective and detrimental consequences. Accumulating data also provide evidence for a pivotal role of Müller cells in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). While microglial cells, the resident immune cells of the retina are considered as main players in inflammatory processes associated with DR, the implication of activated Müller cells in chronic retinal inflammation remains to be elucidated. In order to assess the signaling capacity of Müller cells and their role in retinal inflammation, we performed in-depth proteomic analysis of Müller cell proteomes and secretomes after stimulation with INFγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, VEGF, TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3. We used both, primary porcine Müller cells and the human Müller cell line MIO-M1 for our hypothesis generating approach. Our results point towards an intense signaling capacity of Müller cells, which reacted in a highly discriminating manner upon treatment with different cytokines. Stimulation of Müller cells resulted in a primarily pro-inflammatory phenotype with secretion of cytokines and components of the complement system. Furthermore, we observed evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction, implying oxidative stress after treatment with the various cytokines. Finally, both MIO-M1 cells and primary porcine Müller cells showed several characteristics of atypical antigen-presenting cells, as they are capable of inducing MHC class I and MHC class II with co-stimulatory molecules. In line with this, they express proteins associated with formation and maturation of phagosomes. Thus, our findings underline the importance of Müller cell signaling in the inflamed retina, indicating an active role in chronic retinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Schmalen
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lea Lorenz
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Diana Pauly
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia A Deeg
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
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99969
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Li Y, Guo W, Li X, Zhang J, Sun M, Tang Z, Ran W, Yang K, Huang G, Li L. Expert consensus on the clinical application of recombinant adenovirus human p53 for head and neck cancers. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:38. [PMID: 34785635 PMCID: PMC8595718 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The first gene therapy product, recombinant adenovirus human p53 (rAd-p53 ), has been approved by CFDA since 2013. During these years, most of the clinical trials and the relevant basic research were carried out by Chinese oncologists. Gendicine was proved to be a safe and promising gene therapy drug for patients who suffered from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The basic therapeutic theories of gene therapy were totally different from the traditional ones, such as surgeries or radio- and chemotherapy, and the evaluation of treatment outcomes should also be changed simultaneously. However, there still existed a lot of misunderstandings about gene therapy, which resulted in improper administration, insufficient dosage calculation, and treatment cycles, and the treatment outcomes were unsatisfactory, especially for inexperienced oncologists or hospitals. Therefore, we will provide some practical guidance here on the gene therapy of rAd-p53 based on our previous research and experience, which focused on the basic theories and clinical issues, to answer the questions arising during the clinical of gene therapy and to accelerate the development of gene therapy for the benefit of patients bearing malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuqin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Moyi Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Ran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guilin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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99970
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Du Y, Broering R, Li X, Zhang X, Liu J, Yang D, Lu M. In Vivo Mouse Models for Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Their Application. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766534. [PMID: 34777385 PMCID: PMC8586444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of effective vaccination, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a major challenge worldwide. Research efforts are ongoing to find an effective cure for the estimated 250 million people chronically infected by HBV in recent years. The exceptionally limited host spectrum of HBV has limited the research progress. Thus, different HBV mouse models have been developed and used for studies on infection, immune responses, pathogenesis, and antiviral therapies. However, these mouse models have great limitations as no spread of HBV infection occurs in the mouse liver and no or only very mild hepatitis is present. Thus, the suitability of these mouse models for a given issue and the interpretation of the results need to be critically assessed. This review summarizes the currently available mouse models for HBV research, including hydrodynamic injection, viral vector-mediated transfection, recombinant covalently closed circular DNA (rc-cccDNA), transgenic, and liver humanized mouse models. We systematically discuss the characteristics of each model, with the main focus on hydrodynamic injection mouse model. The usefulness and limitations of each mouse model are discussed based on the published studies. This review summarizes the facts for considerations of the use and suitability of mouse model in future HBV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Du
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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99971
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Abstract
The 2019 outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in Wuhan (Hubei province of China) has given rise to a pandemic spread of virus, more than 240 million incidences and a death toll larger than 5 million people. COVID‐19 has set off large efforts in research, therapy and patient care, as well as public and private debates in every imaginable form. A number of scientists used the publication platforms provided by the Federation of the European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) to present their research data, reviews, opinions and other contributions relating to COVID‐19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Here, I highlight the recent COVID‐19 papers which have been published and collected in a Virtual Issue in FEBS Letters, and discuss their implications towards understanding the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, vaccine development and antiviral discovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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99972
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Zheng M. The Gradient of Immune/Inflammatory Response and COVID-19 Prognosis with Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:739482. [PMID: 34777350 PMCID: PMC8586492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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99973
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Narr K, Ertuna YI, Fallet B, Cornille K, Dimitrova M, Marx AF, Martin K, Abreu Mota TJ, Künzli M, Schreiner D, Brunner TM, Kreutzfeldt M, Wagner I, Geier F, Bestmann L, Löhning M, Merkler D, King CG, Pinschewer DD. Vaccine-elicited CD4 T cells prevent the deletion of antiviral B cells in chronic infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2108157118. [PMID: 34772811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108157118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral infections subvert protective B cell immunity. An early type I interferon (IFN-I)-driven bias to short-lived plasmablast differentiation leads to clonal deletion, so-called "decimation," of antiviral memory B cells. Therefore, prophylactic countermeasures against decimation remain an unmet need. We show that vaccination-induced CD4 T cells prevented the decimation of naïve and memory B cells in chronically lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected mice. Although these B cell responses were largely T independent when IFN-I was blocked, preexisting T help assured their sustainability under conditions of IFN-I-driven inflammation by instructing a germinal center B cell transcriptional program. Prevention of decimation depended on T cell-intrinsic Bcl6 and Tfh progeny formation. Antigen presentation by B cells, interactions with antigen-specific T helper cells, and costimulation by CD40 and ICOS were also required. Importantly, B cell-mediated virus control averted Th1-driven immunopathology in LCMV-challenged animals with preexisting CD4 T cell immunity. Our findings show that vaccination-induced Tfh cells represent a cornerstone of effective B cell immunity to chronic virus challenge, pointing the way toward more effective B cell-based vaccination against persistent viral diseases.
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99974
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Cable J, Leonard JN, Lu TK, Xie Z, Chang MW, Fernández LÁ, Lora JM, Kaufman HL, Quintana FJ, Geiger R, F Lesser C, Lynch JP, Hava DL, Cornish VW, Lee GK, DiAndreth B, Fero M, Srivastava R, De Coster T, Roybal KT, Rackham OJL, Kiani S, Zhu I, Hernandez-Lopez RA, Guo T, Chen WCW. Synthetic biology: at the crossroads of genetic engineering and human therapeutics-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1506:98-117. [PMID: 34786712 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology has the potential to transform cell- and gene-based therapies for a variety of diseases. Sophisticated tools are now available for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to engineer cells to selectively achieve therapeutic effects in response to one or more disease-related signals, thus sparing healthy tissue from potentially cytotoxic effects. This report summarizes the Keystone eSymposium "Synthetic Biology: At the Crossroads of Genetic Engineering and Human Therapeutics," which took place on May 3 and 4, 2021. Given that several therapies engineered using synthetic biology have entered clinical trials, there was a clear need for a synthetic biology symposium that emphasizes the therapeutic applications of synthetic biology as opposed to the technical aspects. Presenters discussed the use of synthetic biology to improve T cell, gene, and viral therapies, to engineer probiotics, and to expand upon existing modalities and functions of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua N Leonard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Synthetic Biology, Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Research Lab of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Senti Biosciences, South San Francisco, California
| | - Zhen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Department of Automation, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Program and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luis Ángel Fernández
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Lora
- Intergalactic Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston and The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, and Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Cammie F Lesser
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason P Lynch
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David L Hava
- Research Lab of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gary K Lee
- Senti Biosciences, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Michael Fero
- TeselaGen Biotechnology, San Francisco, California
| | - Rajkamal Srivastava
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Kolkata, India
| | - Tim De Coster
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kole T Roybal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Gladstone-UCSF Institute for Genomic Immunology; and UCSF Cell Design Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Samira Kiani
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine; and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Iowis Zhu
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rogelio A Hernandez-Lopez
- Cell Design Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology; and Center for Cellular Construction, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tingxi Guo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William C W Chen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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99975
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Bellinato F, Maurelli M, Gisondi P, Girolomoni G. Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5344. [PMID: 34830627 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients are receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, which have been associated with a variety of adverse effects. Cutaneous adverse reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations have been progressively reported, but they have not been reviewed according to their morphological clinical patterns. The objective of this review was to summarize the existing data concerning the cutaneous adverse reactions following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and group them according to common morphological and pathogenetic patterns. We reviewed the English language literature up to 15 August 2021, using predefined keywords to identify the relevant studies evaluating cutaneous adverse reactions associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We search for recurrent morphological patterns sharing clinical signs and symptoms and physio-pathological mechanisms. Timing to onset following the first or booster dose of the vaccine, predisposing conditions, therapeutic management, and outcome were also collected. Among the dermatological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, we distinguished: (1) new onset reactions and (2) flares of preexisting dermatoses. The most common were injection site reactions, affecting 30–70% and generally mild or moderate. Small case series or single case reports included filler reactions, exanthemas, vascular lesions, urticaria, eczematous dermatitis, autoimmune bullous reactions, and severe cutaneous adverse reactions. In addition, the exacerbation of chronic immuno-mediated dermatoses (mainly psoriasis and atopic dermatitis) and reactivations of herpes infection were reported. The cutaneous reactions were generally mild, self-limiting, and resembled common cutaneous drug eruptions and/or COVID-19 skin manifestations.
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99976
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Januszewski M, Ziuzia-Januszewska L, Jakimiuk AA, Wierzba W, Głuszko A, Żytyńska-Daniluk J, Jakimiuk AJ. Is the Course of COVID-19 Different during Pregnancy? A Retrospective Comparative Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12011. [PMID: 34831766 PMCID: PMC8620897 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health systems around the world. Maternal-foetal medicine, which has been particularly affected, must consider scientific data on the physiological processes occurring in the pregnant woman's body to develop relevant standards of care. Our study retrospectively compared the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 52 COVID-19 pregnant patients with 53 controls. Most of the pregnant patients required medical attention during the third trimester and therefore we propose that vaccination is needed prior to the 30th week of pregnancy. We found no differences between the 2 groups in the course of illness classification system, days of hospital stay, need for oxygen supplementation, need for mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission. Moreover, clinical manifestations and imaging findings were comparable. Pregnant patients needed a greater oxygen flow rate and required high flow oxygen therapy more frequently. Considering pregnancy-related physiological adaptations, we found that COVID-19 infection in pregnant patients is associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers, apart from serum ferritin, than in non-pregnant women, and concluded that biomarkers of cardiac and muscle injury, as well as kidney function, may not be good predictors of COVID-19 clinical course in pregnant patients at the time of admission, but more research needs to be conducted on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Januszewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Laura Ziuzia-Januszewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Alicja A. Jakimiuk
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Wierzba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (W.W.)
- Satellite Campus in Warsaw, University of Humanities and Economics, 01-513 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Głuszko
- Department of Neonatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (J.Ż.-D.)
| | - Joanna Żytyńska-Daniluk
- Department of Neonatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (J.Ż.-D.)
| | - Artur J. Jakimiuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (W.W.)
- Center for Reproductive Health, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
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99977
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Knolle PA, Huang LR, Kosinska A, Wohlleber D, Protzer U. Improving Therapeutic Vaccination against Hepatitis B-Insights from Preclinical Models of Immune Therapy against Persistent Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1333. [PMID: 34835264 PMCID: PMC8623083 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B affects more than 250 million individuals worldwide, putting them at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. While antiviral immune responses are key to eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, insufficient antiviral immunity characterized by failure to eliminate HBV-infected hepatocytes is associated with chronic hepatitis B. Prophylactic vaccination against hepatitis B successfully established protective immunity against infection with the hepatitis B virus and has been instrumental in controlling hepatitis B. However, prophylactic vaccination schemes have not been successful in mounting protective immunity to eliminate HBV infections in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the development and efficacy of therapeutic vaccination strategies against chronic hepatitis B with particular emphasis on the pathogenetic understanding of dysfunctional anti-viral immunity. We explore the development of additional immune stimulation measures within tissues, in particular activation of immunogenic myeloid cell populations, and their use for combination with therapeutic vaccination strategies to improve the efficacy of therapeutic vaccination against chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percy A. Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Li-Rung Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli City 350, Taiwan;
| | - Anna Kosinska
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- German Center for infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
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99978
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Ikewaki N, Dedeepiya VD, Raghavan K, Rao KS, Vaddi S, Osawa H, Kisaka T, Kurosawa G, Srinivasan S, Kumar SRB, Senthilkumar R, Iwasaki M, Preethy S, Abraham SJK. β‑glucan vaccine adjuvant approach for cancer treatment through immune enhancement (B‑VACCIEN) in specific immunocompromised populations (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 34779494 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cancer, which is the second leading cause of mortality globally, continues to increase, although continued efforts are being made to identify effective treatments with fewer side‑effects. Previous studies have reported that chronic microinflammation, which occurs in diseases, including diabetes, along with weakened immune systems, may ultimately lead to cancer development. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the mainstream approaches to treatment; however, they all lead to immune system weakness, which in turn increases the metastatic spread. The aim of the present review was to provide evidence of a biological response modifier β‑glucan [β‑glucan vaccine adjuvant approach to treating cancer via immune enhancement (B‑VACCIEN)] and its beneficial effects, including vaccine‑adjuvant potential, balancing metabolic parameters (including blood glucose and lipid levels), increasing peripheral blood cell cytotoxicity against cancer and alleviating chemotherapy side effects in animal models. This suggests its value as a potential strategy to provide long‑term prophylaxis in immunocompromised individuals or genetically prone to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobunao Ikewaki
- Department of Medical Life Science, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882‑8508, Japan
| | | | - Kadalraja Raghavan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Kenmax Medical Service Private Limited, Tallakulam, Madurai 625002, India
| | - Kosagi-Sharaf Rao
- Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services of Panama (INDICASAT‑AIP), Clayton 88888, Republic of Panama
| | - Suryaprakash Vaddi
- Department of Urology, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana 50008, India
| | - Hiroshi Osawa
- Clinical Services Department, Omote Medical Clinic, Chiba 296‑8602, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kisaka
- Division of Biodesign, Office of Research and Academic‑Government‑Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739‑8511, Japan
| | - Gene Kurosawa
- Department of Academic Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470‑1192, Japan
| | - Subramaniam Srinivasan
- The Mary‑Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India
| | | | - Rajappa Senthilkumar
- The Fujio‑Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India
| | - Masaru Iwasaki
- Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), University of Yamanashi‑ School of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi 409‑3898, Japan
| | - Senthilkumar Preethy
- The Fujio‑Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India
| | - Samuel J K Abraham
- The Mary‑Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India
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99979
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Katabathula R, Joseph P, Singh S, Zhao S, Kumar B, Gaule P, Pan Q, Old M, Tuck DP, Varadan V. Multi-scale Pan-cancer Integrative Analyses Identify the STAT3-VSIR Axis as a key Immunosuppressive Mechanism in Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:984-992. [PMID: 34785584 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE VSIR is a novel immune checkpoint protein whose expression on tumor cells across cancers remains largely uncharacterized. Here we purposed to decode the pan-cancer biologic and clinical significance of VSIR over-expression in the tumor compartment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed multi-omics integrative analyses of 9735 tumor samples to identify cancers with non-leukocytic expression of VSIR (VSIR-High), followed by association with overall survival and immune cell infiltration levels. Orthogonal assessments of VSIR protein expression and lymphocytic infiltration were performed using Quantitative immunofluorescence. RESULTS Integrative modeling identified a subset of cancer types as being enriched for VSIR-High tumors. VSIR-High tumors were associated with significantly poorer overall survival in immunogenic Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma (SA) and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). QIF assessments in an independent validation cohort confirmed over-expression of VSIR as being associated with poorer overall survival within immunogenic Oral Cavity SCC. VSIR over-expression was associated with lower CD4 Helper T-cell infiltration in both Ovarian SA and Oral Cavity SCC, but did not impact CD8 T-cell infiltration. VSIR over-expressing tumors in both cancer types exhibited significantly higher STAT3 signaling activity. Pharmacologic inhibition of STAT3 signaling resulted in dose-dependent reduction of VSIR expression in Ovarian SA & Oral Cavity SCC cells. CONCLUSIONS The STAT3-VSIR axis is a potentially significant immuno-modulatory mechanism in oral cavity and ovarian cancers, whose activation is associated with poorer survival and an immune microenvironment marked by decreased CD4 helper T-cell activity. The role of VSIR as a tumor-intrinsic modulator of resistance to immunotherapy warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peronne Joseph
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Salendra Singh
- General Medical Sciences - Oncology, Case Western Reserve University
| | | | - Bhavna Kumar
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Quintin Pan
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center
| | - Matthew Old
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University
| | - David P Tuck
- VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Vinay Varadan
- General Medical Sciences - Oncology, Case Western Reserve University
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99980
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Chen J, Vitetta L, Henson JD, Hall S. The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations. J Funct Foods 2021; 87:104850. [PMID: 34777578 PMCID: PMC8578005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most COVID-19 cases are mild or asymptomatic and recover well, suggesting that effective immune responses ensue, which successfully eliminate SARS-CoV-2 viruses. However, a small proportion of patients develop severe COVID-19 with pathological immune responses. This indicates that a strong immune system balanced with anti-inflammatory mechanisms is critical for the recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infections. Many vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have now been developed for eliciting effective immune responses to protect from SARS-CoV-2 infections or reduce the severity of the disease if infected. Although uncommon, serious morbidity and mortality have resulted from both COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions and lack of efficacy, and further improvement of efficacy and prevention of adverse effects are urgently warranted. Many factors could affect efficacy of these vaccines to achieve optimal immune responses. Dysregulation of the gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) could be an important risk factor as the gut microbiota is associated with the development and maintenance of an effective immune system response. In this narrative review, we discuss the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, how COVID-19 vaccines elicit protective immune responses, gut dysbiosis involvement in inefficacy and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines and the modulation of the gut microbiota by functional foods to improve COVID-19 vaccine immunisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- Medlab Clinical, Department of Research, Sydney 2015, Australia
| | - Luis Vitetta
- Medlab Clinical, Department of Research, Sydney 2015, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Jeremy D Henson
- Medlab Clinical, Department of Research, Sydney 2015, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sean Hall
- Medlab Clinical, Department of Research, Sydney 2015, Australia
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99981
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McLaughlin T, Schnittger I, Nagy A, Zanley E, Xu Y, Song Y, Nieman K, Tremmel JA, Dey D, Boyd J, Sacks H. Relationship Between Coronary Atheroma, Epicardial Adipose Tissue Inflammation, and Adipocyte Differentiation Across the Human Myocardial Bridge. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021003. [PMID: 34726081 PMCID: PMC8751937 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may contribute to coronary atherosclerosis. Myocardial bridge is a congenital anomaly in which the left anterior descending coronary artery takes a "tunneled" course under a bridge of myocardium: while atherosclerosis develops in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery, the bridged portion is spared, highlighting the possibility that geographic separation from inflamed EAT is protective. We tested the hypothesis that inflammation in EAT was related to atherosclerosis by comparing EAT from proximal and bridge depots in individuals with myocardial bridge and varying degrees of atherosclerotic plaque. Methods and Results Maximal plaque burden was quantified by intravascular ultrasound, and inflammation was quantified by pericoronary EAT signal attenuation (pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation) from cardiac computed tomography scans. EAT overlying the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and myocardial bridge was harvested for measurement of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) using custom chips by Nanostring; inflammatory cytokines were measured in tissue culture supernatants. Pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation was increased, indicating inflammation, in proximal versus bridge EAT, in proportion to atherosclerotic plaque. Individuals with moderate-high versus low plaque burden exhibited greater expression of inflammation and hypoxia genes, and lower expression of adipogenesis genes. Comparison of gene expression in proximal versus bridge depots revealed differences only in participants with moderate-high plaque: inflammation was higher in proximal and adipogenesis lower in bridge EAT. Secreted inflammatory cytokines tended to be higher in proximal EAT. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1a was highly associated with inflammatory gene expression. Seven miRNAs were differentially expressed by depot: 3192-5P, 518D-3P, and 532-5P were upregulated in proximal EAT, whereas miR 630, 575, 16-5P, and 320E were upregulated in bridge EAT. miR 630 correlated directly with plaque burden and inversely with adipogenesis genes. miR 3192-5P, 518D-3P, and 532-5P correlated inversely with hypoxia/oxidative stress, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PCG1a), adipogenesis, and angiogenesis genes. Conclusions Inflammation is specifically elevated in EAT overlying atherosclerotic plaque, suggesting that EAT inflammation is caused by atherogenic molecular signals, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1a and/or miRNAs in an "inside-to-out" relationship. Adipogenesis was suppressed in the bridge EAT, but only in the presence of atherosclerotic plaque, supporting cross talk between the vasculature and EAT. miR 630 in EAT, expressed differentially according to burden of atherosclerotic plaque, and 3 other miRNAs appear to inhibit key genes related to adipogenesis, angiogenesis, hypoxia/oxidative stress, and thermogenesis in EAT, highlighting a role for miRNA in mediating cross talk between the coronary vasculature and EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey McLaughlin
- Division of Endocrinology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Ingela Schnittger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Anna Nagy
- Division of Endocrinology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Elizabeth Zanley
- Division of Endocrinology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Yue Xu
- Division of Endocrinology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Yanqiu Song
- Cardiovascular Institute Tianjin Chest Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Koen Nieman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Jennifer A Tremmel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Damini Dey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Biomedical Imaging Research Institute Los Angeles CA
| | - Jack Boyd
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Harold Sacks
- Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA
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99982
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Terrón F, Herling M. CCR7 in Blood Cancers - Review of Its Pathophysiological Roles and the Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736758. [PMID: 34778050 PMCID: PMC8589249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the classical paradigm, CCR7 is a homing chemokine receptor that grants normal lymphocytes access to secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes or spleen. As such, in most lymphoproliferative disorders, CCR7 expression correlates with nodal or spleen involvement. Nonetheless, recent evidence suggests that CCR7 is more than a facilitator of lymphatic spread of tumor cells. Here, we review published data to catalogue CCR7 expression across blood cancers and appraise which classical and novel roles are attributed to this receptor in the pathogenesis of specific hematologic neoplasms. We outline why novel therapeutic strategies targeting CCR7 might provide clinical benefits to patients with CCR7-positive hematopoietic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Terrón
- Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Marco Herling
- Clinic of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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99983
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Abstract
Inflammation promotes the development of heart failure (HF). The inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that plays an essential role in the innate immune response by triggering the cleavage and activation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-18. Blocking IL-1β with the monoclonal antibody canakinumab reduced hospitalizations and mortality in HF patients, suggesting that the inflammasome is involved in HF pathogenesis. The inflammasome is activated under various pathologic conditions that contribute to the progression of HF, including pressure overload, acute or chronic overactivation of the sympathetic system, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Inflammasome activation is responsible for cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and pyroptosis. Besides inflammatory cells, the inflammasome in other cardiac cells initiates local inflammation through intercellular communication. Some inflammasome inhibitors are currently being investigated in clinical trials in patients with HF. The current evidence suggests that the inflammasome is a critical mediator of cardiac inflammation during HF and a promising therapeutic target. The present review summarizes the recent advances in both basic and clinical research on the role of the inflammasome in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
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99984
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Qi Y, Shaman J, Pei S. Quantifying the Impact of COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Influenza Transmission in the United States. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1500-1508. [PMID: 34551108 PMCID: PMC8522386 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented to suppress transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Evidence indicates that NPIs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may also have effects on transmission of seasonal influenza. METHODS In this study, we use an absolute humidity-driven susceptible-infectious-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) model to quantify the reduction of influenza incidence and transmission in the United States and US Department of Health and Human Services regions after implementation of NPIs in 2020. We investigate long-term effect of NPIs on influenza incidence by projecting influenza transmission at the national scale over the next 5 years, using the SIRS model. RESULTS We estimate that incidence of influenza A/H1 and B, which circulated in early 2020, was reduced by more than 60% in the United States during the first 10 weeks following implementation of NPIs. The reduction of influenza transmission exhibits clear geographical variation. After the control measures are relaxed, potential accumulation of susceptibility to influenza infection may lead to a large outbreak, the scale of which may be affected by length of the intervention period and duration of immunity to influenza. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare systems need to prepare for potential influenza patient surges and advocate vaccination and continued precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shaman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sen Pei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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99985
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Naito T, Okada Y. HLA imputation and its application to genetic and molecular fine-mapping of the MHC region in autoimmune diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 44:15-28. [PMID: 34786601 PMCID: PMC8837514 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Variations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes in the major histocompatibility complex region (MHC) significantly affect the risk of various diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. Fine-mapping of causal variants in this region was challenging due to the difficulty in sequencing and its inapplicability to large cohorts. Thus, HLA imputation, a method to infer HLA types from regional single nucleotide polymorphisms, has been developed and has successfully contributed to MHC fine-mapping of various diseases. Different HLA imputation methods have been developed, each with its own advantages, and recent methods have been improved in terms of accuracy and computational performance. Additionally, advances in HLA reference panels by next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled higher resolution and a more reliable imputation, allowing a finer-grained evaluation of the association between sequence variations and disease risk. Risk-associated variants in the MHC region would affect disease susceptibility through complicated mechanisms including alterations in peripheral responses and central thymic selection of T cells. The cooperation of reliable HLA imputation methods, informative fine-mapping, and experimental validation of the functional significance of MHC variations would be essential for further understanding of the role of the MHC in the immunopathology of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Naito
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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99986
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Abdulmalek S, Nasef M, Awad D, Balbaa M. Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidant, Curcumin Nanoparticles, and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Type 2 Diabetes-Promoted Hippocampal Neurotoxicity in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111937. [PMID: 34834352 PMCID: PMC8621156 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological findings have repeatedly established associations between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease. Targeting different pathways in the brain with T2DM-therapy offers a novel and appealing strategy to treat diabetes-related neuronal alterations. Therefore, here we investigated the capability of a natural compound, curcumin nanoparticle (CurNP), and a biomedical metal, zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONP), to alleviate hippocampal modifications in T2DM-induced rats. The diabetes model was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Then model groups were treated orally with curcumin, zinc sulfate, two doses of CurNP and ZnONP, as well as metformin, for six weeks. HFD/STZ-induced rats exhibited numerous biochemical and molecular changes besides behavioral impairment. Compared with model rats, CurNP and ZnONP boosted learning and memory function, improved redox and inflammation status, lowered Bax, and upregulated Bcl2 expressions in the hippocampus. In addition, the phosphorylation level of the MAPK/ERK pathway was downregulated significantly. The expression of amyloidogenic-related genes and amyloid-beta accumulation, along with tau hyperphosphorylation, were lessened considerably. In addition, both nanoparticles significantly improved histological lesions in the hippocampus. Based on our findings, CurNP and ZnONP appear to be potential neuroprotective agents to mitigate diabetic complications-associated hippocampal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Abdulmalek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.A.); (M.N.); (D.A.)
- Center of Excellency for Preclinical Study (CE-PCS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Mayada Nasef
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.A.); (M.N.); (D.A.)
| | - Doaa Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.A.); (M.N.); (D.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.A.); (M.N.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +20-39-1179-4320
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99987
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Rochereau N, Michaud E, Waeckel L, Killian M, Gayet R, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Roblin X, Biolley G, Corthésy B, Paul S. Essential role of TOSO/FAIM3 in intestinal IgM reverse transcytosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110006. [PMID: 34788614 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) can travel to and from the lumen and transport antigen to subepithelial cells. However, IgM can also multimerize into functional secretory component-bound immunoglobulin. While it is already known that both SIgA and SIgM undergo transcytosis to be secreted at the mucosal surface, only SIgA has been shown to perform retrotranscytosis through microfold cells (M cells) of the Peyer's patch. Here, we investigate whether SIgM could also be taken up by M cells via retrotranscytosis. This transport involves FcμR binding at the apical membrane of M cells. We then demonstrate that SIgM can be exploited by SIgM-p24 (HIV-capsid protein) complexes during immunization in the nasal- or gut-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT or GALT), conferring efficient immune responses against p24. Our data demonstrate a mucosal function of SIgM, which could play a role in the regulation of mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rochereau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Eva Michaud
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Martin Killian
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rémi Gayet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Biolley
- R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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99988
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Paquin-Proulx D, Lal KG, Phuang-Ngern Y, Creegan M, Tokarev A, Suhkumvittaya S, Alrubayyi A, Kroon E, Pinyakorn S, Slike BM, Bolton DL, Krebs SJ, Eller LA, Sajjaweerawan C, Pagliuzza A, Chomont N, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Phanuphak N, de Souza MS, Michael NL, Robb ML, Ananworanich J, Sandberg JK, Eller MA, Schuetz A; RV217., RV254/SEARCH010., RV304/SEARCH013., Study Groups. Preferential and persistent impact of acute HIV-1 infection on CD4 + iNKT cells in colonic mucosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104721118. [PMID: 34753817 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104721118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that HIV-1 disease progression is determined in the early stages of infection. Here, preinfection invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell levels were predictive of the peak viral load during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Furthermore, iNKT cells were preferentially lost in AHI. This was particularly striking in the colonic mucosa, where iNKT cells were depleted more profoundly than conventional CD4+ T cells. The initiation of antiretroviral therapy during AHI-prevented iNKT cell dysregulation in peripheral blood but not in the colonic mucosa. Overall, our results support a model in which iNKT cells are early and preferential targets for HIV-1 infection during AHI. Acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) results in the widespread depletion of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and gut mucosal tissue. However, the impact on the predominantly CD4+ immunoregulatory invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells during AHI remains unknown. Here, iNKT cells from peripheral blood and colonic mucosa were investigated during treated and untreated AHI. iNKT cells in blood were activated and rapidly depleted in untreated AHI. At the time of peak HIV-1 viral load, these cells showed the elevated expression of cell death–associated transcripts compared to preinfection. Residual peripheral iNKT cells suffered a diminished responsiveness to in vitro stimulation early into chronic infection. Additionally, HIV-1 DNA, as well as spliced and unspliced viral RNA, were detected in iNKT cells isolated from blood, indicating the active infection of these cells in vivo. The loss of iNKT cells occurred from Fiebig stage III in the colonic mucosa, and these cells were not restored to normal levels after initiation of ART during AHI. CD4+ iNKT cells were depleted faster and more profoundly than conventional CD4+ T cells, and the preferential infection of CD4+ iNKT cells over conventional CD4+ T cells was confirmed by in vitro infection experiments. In vitro data also provided evidence of latent infection in iNKT cells. Strikingly, preinfection levels of peripheral blood CD4+ iNKT cells correlated directly with the peak HIV-1 load. These findings support a model in which iNKT cells are early targets for HIV-1 infection, driving their rapid loss from circulation and colonic mucosa.
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99989
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Nguyen N, Thurgood P, Sekar NC, Chen S, Pirogova E, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Microfluidic models of the human circulatory system: versatile platforms for exploring mechanobiology and disease modeling. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:769-786. [PMID: 34777617 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circulatory system is a marvelous fluidic system, which is very sensitive to biophysical and biochemical cues. The current animal and cell culture models do not recapitulate the functional properties of the human circulatory system, limiting our ability to fully understand the complex biological processes underlying the dysfunction of this multifaceted system. In this review, we discuss the unique ability of microfluidic systems to recapitulate the biophysical, biochemical, and functional properties of the human circulatory system. We also describe the remarkable capacity of microfluidic technologies for exploring the complex mechanobiology of the cardiovascular system, mechanistic studying of cardiovascular diseases, and screening cardiovascular drugs with the additional benefit of reducing the need for animal models. We also discuss opportunities for further advancement in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
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99990
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Laguette N, Langevin C, Olagnier D, Torraca V, Vanpouille-Box C, Verrier ER. Editorial: Nucleic Acid-Associated Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:791580. [PMID: 34777401 PMCID: PMC8579011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Laguette
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | | | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vincenzo Torraca
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eloi R Verrier
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hepatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France
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99991
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Chen YL, Cui Y, Liu X, Liu G, Dong X, Tang L, Hung Y, Wang C, Feng MQ. A bispecific antibody targeting HER2 and PD-L1 inhibits tumor growth with superior efficacy. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101420. [PMID: 34798072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signaling axis plays important roles in intrinsic or acquired resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed therapies in the clinic. Therefore, therapies simultaneously targeting both HER2 and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathways are of great significance. Here, aiming to direct the anti-PD-L1 responses toward HER2-expressing tumor cells, we constructed a humanized bispecific IgG1 subclass antibody targeting both HER2 and PD-L1 (HER2/PD-L1; BsAb), which displayed satisfactory purity, thermostability, and serum stability. We found that BsAb showed enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in vitro. In the late phase of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-humanized HER2+ tumor xenograft models, BsAb showed superior therapeutic efficacies as compared with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or combination treatment strategies. In cynomolgus monkeys, BsAb showed favorable pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles when administered at a 10 mg/kg dosage. Thus, HER2/PD-L1 BsAb was demonstrated as a potentially effective option for managing HER2+ and trastuzumab-resistant tumors in the clinic. We propose that the enhanced antitumor activities of BsAb in vivo may be due to direct inhibition of HER2 signaling or activation of T cells.
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99992
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Cunningham O, Scott M, Zhou ZS, Finlay WJJ. Polyreactivity and polyspecificity in therapeutic antibody development: risk factors for failure in preclinical and clinical development campaigns. MAbs 2021; 13:1999195. [PMID: 34780320 PMCID: PMC8726659 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1999195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based drugs, which now represent the dominant biologic therapeutic modality, are used to modulate disparate signaling pathways across diverse disease indications. One fundamental premise that has driven this therapeutic antibody revolution is the belief that each monoclonal antibody exhibits exquisitely specific binding to a single-drug target. Herein, we review emerging evidence in antibody off-target binding and relate current key findings to the risk of failure in therapeutic development. We further summarize the current state of understanding of structural mechanisms underpining the different phenomena that may drive polyreactivity and polyspecificity, and highlight current thinking on how de-risking studies may be best implemented in the screening triage. We conclude with a summary of what we believe to be key observations in the field to date, and a call for the wider antibody research community to work together to build the tools needed to maximize our understanding in this nascent area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Scott
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Zhaohui Sunny Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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99993
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Cohen K, Mouhadeb O, Ben Shlomo S, Langer M, Neumann A, Erez N, Moshkovits I, Pelet R, Kedar DJ, Brazowski E, Guilliams M, Goodridge HS, Gluck N, Varol C. COMMD10 is critical for Kupffer cell survival and controls Ly6C hi monocyte differentiation and inflammation in the injured liver. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110026. [PMID: 34788631 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-resident macrophages Kupffer cells (KCs) and infiltrating Ly6Chi monocytes both contribute to liver tissue regeneration in various pathologies but also to disease progression upon disruption of orderly consecutive regeneration cascades. Little is known about molecular pathways that regulate their differentiation, maintenance, or inflammatory behavior during injury. Here, we show that copper metabolism MURR1 domain (COMMD)10-deficient KCs adopt liver-specific identity. Strikingly, COMMD10 deficiency in KCs and in other tissue-resident macrophages impedes their homeostatic survival, leading to their continuous replacement by Ly6Chi monocytes. While COMMD10 deficiency in KCs mildly worsens acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI), its deficiency in Ly6Chi monocytes results in exacerbated and sustained hepatic damage. Monocytes display unleashed inflammasome activation and a reduced type I interferon response and acquire "neutrophil-like" and lipid-associated macrophage differentiation fates. Collectively, COMMD10 appears indispensable for KC and other tissue-resident macrophage survival and is an important regulator of Ly6Chi monocyte fate decisions and reparative behavior in the diseased liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Cohen
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Odelia Mouhadeb
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shani Ben Shlomo
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Marva Langer
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anat Neumann
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Itay Moshkovits
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; Internal Medicine T, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Rotem Pelet
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Daniel J Kedar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Eli Brazowski
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Martin Guilliams
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nathan Gluck
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel.
| | - Chen Varol
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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99994
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Abstract
Extensive interest in cancer immunotherapy is reported according to the clinical importance of CTLA-4 and (PD-1/PD-L1) [programmed death (PD) and programmed death-ligand (PD-L1)] in immune checkpoint therapies. AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in different types of cancer and in relation to resistance against various anticancer therapeutics due to poor clinical prognosis. AXL and its ligand, i.e., growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) proteins, are expressed on many cancer cells, and the GAS6/AXL pathway is reported to promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. AXL is an attractive and novel therapeutic target for impairing tumor progression from immune cell contracts in the tumor microenvironment. The GAS6/AXL pathway is also of interest immunologically because it targets fewer antitumor immune responses. In effect, several targeted therapies are selective and nonselective for AXL, which are in preclinical and clinical development in multiple cancer types. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of the GAS6/AXL signaling pathway in triggering the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment as immune evasion. This includes regulating its composition and activating T-cell exclusion with the immune-suppressive activity of regulatory T cells, which is related to one of the hallmarks of cancer survival. Finally, this article discusses the GAS6/AXL signaling pathway in the context of several immune responses such as NK cell activation, apoptosis, and tumor-specific immunity, especially PD-1/PDL-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Son
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Kyu Jeong
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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99995
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Sattui SE, Conway R, Putman MS, Seet AM, Gianfrancesco MA, Beins K, Hill C, Liew D, Mackie SL, Mehta P, Neill L, Gomez G, Salinas MIH, Maldonado FN, Mariz HA, de Sousa Studart SA, Araujo NC, Knight A, Rozza D, Quartuccio L, Samson M, Bally S, Maria AT, Chazerain P, Hasseli R, Müller-Ladner U, Hoyer BF, Voll R, Torres RP, Luis M, Ribeirio SLE, Al-Emadi S, Sparks JA, Hsu TYT, D'Silva KM, Patel NJ, Wise L, Gilbert E, Almada MV, Duarte-García A, Ugarte-Gil M, Jacobsohn L, Izadi Z, Strangfeld A, Mateus EF, Hyrich KL, Gossec L, Carmona L, Lawson-Tovey S, Kearsley-Fleet L, Schaefer M, Sirotich E, Hausmann JS, Sufka P, Bhana S, Liew JW, Grainger R, Machado PM, Wallace ZS, Yazdany J, Robinson PC. Outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with primary systemic vasculitis or polymyalgia rheumatica from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician registry: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2021; 3:e855-e864. [PMID: 34778843 PMCID: PMC8570701 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with primary systemic vasculitis or polymyalgia rheumatica might be at a high risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes due to the treatments used, the potential organ damage cause by primary systemic vasculitis, and the demographic factors associated with these conditions. We therefore aimed to investigate factors associated with COVID-19 outcomes in patients with primary systemic vasculitis or polymyalgia rheumatica. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, adult patients (aged ≥18 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 12, 2020, and April 12, 2021, who had a history of primary systemic vasculitis (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody [ANCA]-associated vasculitis, giant cell arteritis, Behçet's syndrome, or other vasculitis) or polymyalgia rheumatica, and were reported to the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry were included. To assess COVID-19 outcomes in patients, we used an ordinal COVID-19 severity scale, defined as: (1) no hospitalisation; (2) hospitalisation without supplemental oxygen; (3) hospitalisation with any supplemental oxygen or ventilation; or (4) death. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), adjusting for age, sex, time period, number of comorbidities, smoking status, obesity, glucocorticoid use, disease activity, region, and medication category. Analyses were also stratified by type of rheumatic disease. Findings Of 1202 eligible patients identified in the registry, 733 (61·0%) were women and 469 (39·0%) were men, and their mean age was 63·8 years (SD 17·1). A total of 374 (31·1%) patients had polymyalgia rheumatica, 353 (29·4%) had ANCA-associated vasculitis, 183 (15·2%) had giant cell arteritis, 112 (9·3%) had Behçet's syndrome, and 180 (15·0%) had other vasculitis. Of 1020 (84·9%) patients with outcome data, 512 (50·2%) were not hospitalised, 114 (11·2%) were hospitalised and did not receive supplemental oxygen, 239 (23·4%) were hospitalised and received ventilation or supplemental oxygen, and 155 (15·2%) died. A higher odds of poor COVID-19 outcomes were observed in patients who were older (per each additional decade of life OR 1·44 [95% CI 1·31-1·57]), were male compared with female (1·38 [1·05-1·80]), had more comorbidities (per each additional comorbidity 1·39 [1·23-1·58]), were taking 10 mg/day or more of prednisolone compared with none (2·14 [1·50-3·04]), or had moderate, or high or severe disease activity compared with those who had disease remission or low disease activity (2·12 [1·49-3·02]). Risk factors varied among different disease subtypes. Interpretation Among patients with primary systemic vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica, severe COVID-19 outcomes were associated with variable and largely unmodifiable risk factors, such as age, sex, and number of comorbidities, as well as treatments, including high-dose glucocorticoids. Our results could be used to inform mitigation strategies for patients with these diseases. Funding American College of Rheumatology and the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian E Sattui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richard Conway
- Department of Rheumatology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Andrea M Seet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Milena A Gianfrancesco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Catherine Hill
- Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Liew
- Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Mackie
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Puja Mehta
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lorna Neill
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis Scotland, Perth, Scotland, UK
| | - Gimena Gomez
- Research Unit Argentine Society of Rheumatology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Nafice Costa Araujo
- Instituto de Assistencia Medica ao Servidor Publico Estadual de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ann Knight
- Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Davide Rozza
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Italian Society for Rheumatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, School of Rheumatology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Academic Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Maxime Samson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Bally
- Nephrology and Dialysis Service, Metropole Savoie Hospital Center, Chambery, France
| | - Alexandre Tj Maria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Multi-Organic Diseases, Saint-Eloi University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Chazerain
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Diaconesses Croix Saint Simon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Hasseli
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Bimba F Hoyer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinic for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reinhard Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rita Pinheiro Torres
- CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
- Rheumatology Service, Egas Moniz Hospital, Lisboa Occidental Hospital Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Luis
- Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- School of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany Y-T Hsu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin M D'Silva
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naomi J Patel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leanna Wise
- Los Angeles County Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of South California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily Gilbert
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Alí Duarte-García
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Manuel Ugarte-Gil
- School of Medicine, University Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Lindsay Jacobsohn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zara Izadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anja Strangfeld
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Epidemiology and Health Care Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elsa F Mateus
- Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Laure Gossec
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris France
- Department of Rheumatology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Saskia Lawson-Tovey
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Martin Schaefer
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Epidemiology and Health Care Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emily Sirotich
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Hausmann
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jean W Liew
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pedro M Machado
- Centre for Rheumatology and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip C Robinson
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, Australia
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99996
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Bennstein SB. Human Cord Blood ILCs - Unusual Like My Career as a Scientist. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752283. [PMID: 34777362 PMCID: PMC8581669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bianca Bennstein
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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99997
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Thakkar AB, Ma Y, Dela Cruz M, Wu Y, Arechiga V, Swaminathan S, Ganz P, Wu AHB, Scherzer R, Deeks S, Hsue PY. Effect of HIV-1 Infection on Angiopoietin 1 and 2 Levels and Measures of Microvascular and Macrovascular Endothelial Dysfunction. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021397. [PMID: 34726064 PMCID: PMC8751943 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Individuals infected with HIV have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease; yet, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Recent evidence has implicated the Tie-2 tyrosine kinase receptor system and its associated ligands ANG1 (angiopoietin 1) and ANG2 (angiopoietin 2) in maintaining vascular homeostasis. In the general population, lower ANG1 levels and higher ANG2 levels are strongly correlated with the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aim to investigate the associations of HIV infection with angiopoietin levels and endothelial dysfunction. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional study, we compared measures of ANG1, ANG2, and endothelial dysfunction using flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in 39 untreated subjects infected with HIV, 47 treated subjects infected with HIV, and 46 uninfected subjects from the SCOPE (Observational Study of the Consequences of the Protease Inhibitor Era) cohort. Compared with uninfected controls, treated individuals infected with HIV had 53.1% lower mean ANG1 levels (P<0.01) and similar ANG2 levels. On the other hand, untreated individuals infected with HIV had similar ANG1 levels, and 29.2% had higher ANG2 levels (P<0.01) compared with uninfected controls. When compared with individuals with untreated HIV infection, those with treated HIV infection had 56% lower ANG1 levels (P<0.01) and 22% lower ANG2 levels (P<0.01).Both treated and untreated HIV infection were associated with significant impairment in hyperemic velocity, a key measure of microvascular dysfunction (median 61 versus 72 cm/s, P<0.01), compared with uninfected controls (median 73 cm/s). This difference persisted after adjustment for ANG1 and ANG2 levels. Interestingly, when compared with untreated individuals infected with HIV, treated individuals infected with HIV had worse hyperemic velocity (-12.35 cm/s, P=0.05). In contrast, HIV status, ANG1 levels, and ANG2 levels were not associated with macrovascular dysfunction as measured by flow-mediated dilatation and brachial artery diameter, 2 other measures of vascular homeostasis. Conclusions HIV infection affects the balance between levels of ANG1 and ANG2 and may disturb endothelial homeostasis through disruption of vascular homeostasis. Individuals with treated HIV had decreased ANG1 levels and similar ANG2 levels, whereas individuals with untreated HIV had similar ANG1 levels and increased ANG2 levels, suggesting that treatment status may alter the balance between ANG1 and ANG2. HIV also promotes endothelial dysfunction via impairment of microvascular dysfunction, independent of the Tie-2 receptor system; the finding of worse microvascular dysfunction in the setting of treated HIV infection may reflect the impact of viral persistence on the microvasculature or toxicities of specific antiretroviral regimens. Further research to clarify the mechanism of HIV-mediated endothelial dysfunction is necessary to advance treatment of cardiovascular complications of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali B Thakkar
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Yifei Ma
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Mark Dela Cruz
- Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago IL
| | - Yuaner Wu
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Victor Arechiga
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Shreya Swaminathan
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Peter Ganz
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Alan H B Wu
- Division of Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Rebecca Scherzer
- San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Medical Center San Francisco CA.,Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Steven Deeks
- Positive Health Program Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San Francisco CA
| | - Priscilla Y Hsue
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San Francisco San Francisco CA
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease of infectious origins that often evolves into a chronic condition. Aside from its importance as a stomatologic ailment, chronic periodontitis has gained relevance since it has been shown that it can develop into a systemic condition characterized by unresolved hyper-inflammation, disruption of the innate and adaptive immune system, dysbiosis of the oral, gut and other location's microbiota and other system-wide alterations that may cause, coexist or aggravate other health issues associated to elevated morbi-mortality. The relationships between the infectious, immune, inflammatory, and systemic features of periodontitis and its many related diseases are far from being fully understood and are indeed still debated. However, to date, a large body of evidence on the different biological, clinical, and policy-enabling sources of information, is available. The aim of the present work is to summarize many of these sources of information and contextualize them under a systemic inflammation framework that may set the basis to an integral vision, useful for basic, clinical, and therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Martínez-García
- Sociomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mèxico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bandopadhyay A, Singh AK, Chaubey G. COVID-19: The Cause of the Manifested Cardiovascular Complications During the Pandemic. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:744482. [PMID: 34778405 PMCID: PMC8581218 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.744482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of human history, we encountered several devastating waves of pandemics, affecting millions of lives globally and now the rapid and progressive spread of the novel SARS-CoV-2, causing Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has created a worldwide wave of crisis. Profoundly straining national health care systems, it also significantly impacted the global economic stability. With the introduction of COVID-19 measures, mainly driven by immunization drives, casualties due to the virus were reported to decrease considerably. But then comes into play the post-Covid morbidities, along with their short and long-term effects on the elderly and the co-morbid population. Moreover, the pediatric population and the otherwise healthy cohort of the young athletes were also reported being largely affected by the varying amount of post-recovery virus-induced Cardiac manifestations, in the subsequent waves of the pandemic. Therefore, here we thrived to find answers to the seemingly unending series of questions that popped up with the advent of the disease, nevertheless, there still lies a blind spot in understanding the impacts of the disease on the Cardiovascular Health of an individual, even after the clinical recovery. Thus, along with the current data related to the diverse cardiovascular complications due to SARS-COV-2 infection, we suggest long-term ‘Cardiac surveillance' for the COVID-19 recovered individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audditiya Bandopadhyay
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- M.D.D.M. (Cardiology), Senior Intervention Cardiologist, Lifeline Hospital, Varanasi, India
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Lv X, Chang Q, Wang Q, Jin QR, Liu HZ, Yang SB, Yang PC, Yang G. Flagellin maintains eosinophils in the intestine. Cytokine 2021; 150:155769. [PMID: 34798413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) are the major effector cells in allergic response. The regulation of Eo is not fully understood yet. Flagellin (FGN) has immune regulatory functions. This study aims to elucidate the role of FGN in maintaining Eo at the static status in the intestinal tissues. A mouse food allergy (FA) model was developed. Eo mediator levels in the serum or culture supernatant or intestinal lavage fluids were assessed and used as an indicator of Eo activation. The results showed that less FGN amounts were detected in the FA mouse intestinal tissues, that were negatively correlated with the Eo activation. Mast cell-derived chymase bound FGN to induce FGN degradation. FGN formed complexes with FcγRI on Eos to prevent specific antigens from binding FcγRI, and thus, to prevent Eo activation. Administration of FGN efficiently alleviated experimental FA. In conclusion, FGN plays a critical role in maintaining Eos at static status in the intestine. Administration of FGN can alleviate experimental FA. FGN may be a novel drug candidate to be used in the treatment of Eo-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Ruo Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China; Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua-Zhen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China; Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shao-Bo Yang
- Department of Cadre Clinic, The First Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China; Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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