99951
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Deng ML, Chen YJ, Yang ML, Liu YW, Chen H, Tang XQ, Yang XF. COVID-19 combined with liver injury: Current challenges and management. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:3487-3497. [PMID: 34046449 PMCID: PMC8130088 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i15.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) combined with liver injury has become a very prominent clinical problem. Due to the lack of a clear definition of liver injury in patients with COVID-19, the different selection of evaluation parameters and statistical time points, there are the conflicting conclusions about the incidence rate in different studies. The mechanism of COVID-19 combined with liver injury is complicated, including the direct injury of liver cells caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication and liver injury caused by cytokines, ischemia and hypoxia, and drugs. In addition, underlying diseases, especially chronic liver disease, can aggravate COVID-19 liver injury. In the treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury, the primary and basic treatment is to treat the etiology and pathogenesis, followed by support, liver protection, and symptomatic treatment according to the clinical classification and severity of liver injury. This article evaluates the incidence, pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury, and aims to provide countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ling Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mei-Ling Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
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99952
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He Y, Zhou Y, Wang H, Yin J, Chang Y, Hu P, Ren H, Xu H. Identifying potential biomarkers in hepatitis B virus infection and its response to the antiviral therapy by integrated bioinformatic analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6558-6572. [PMID: 34041839 PMCID: PMC8278120 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral treatment efficacy varies among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and the underlying mechanism is unclear. An integrated bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate the host factors that affect the therapeutic responsiveness in CHB patients. Four GEO data sets (GSE54747, GSE27555, GSE66698 and GSE66699) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analysed to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs). Enrichment analyses of the DEGs were conducted using the DAVID database. Immune cell infiltration characteristics were analysed by CIBERSORT. Upstream miRNAs and lncRNAs of hub DEGs were identified by miRWalk 3.0 and miRNet in combination with the MNDR platform. As a result, seventy‐seven overlapping DEGs and 15 hub genes were identified including CCL5, CXCL9, MYH2, CXCR4, CD74, CCL4, HLA‐DRB1, ACTA1, CD69, CXCL10, HLA‐DRB5, HLA‐DQB1, CXCL13, STAT1 and CKM. The enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in immune response and chemokine signalling pathways. Investigation of immune cell infiltration in liver samples suggested significantly different infiltration between responders and non‐responders, mainly characterized by higher proportions of CD8+ T cells and activated NK cells in non‐responders. The prediction of upstream miRNAs and lncRNAs led to the identification of a potential mRNA‐miRNA‐lncRNA regulatory network composed of 2 lncRNAs (H19 and GAS5) and 5 miRNAs (hsa‐mir‐106b‐5p, hsa‐mir‐17‐5p, hsa‐mir‐20a‐5p, hsa‐mir‐6720‐5p and hsa‐mir‐93‐5p) targeting CCL5 mRNA. In conclusion, our study suggested that host genetic factors could affect therapeutic responsiveness in CHB patients. The antiviral process might be associated with the chemokine‐mediated immune response and immune cell infiltration in the liver microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhou
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyang Yin
- Chongqing People's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunan Chang
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of infection, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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99953
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Choi SH, Jeon SK, Lee SS, Lee JM, Hur BY, Kang HJ, Kim H, Park Y. Radio-pathologic correlation of biphenotypic primary liver cancer (combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma): changes in the 2019 WHO classification and impact on LI-RADS classification at liver MRI. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:9479-9488. [PMID: 34037829 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explain the new changes in pathologic diagnoses of biphenotypic primary liver cancer (PLC) according to the updated 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and how it impacts Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) classification using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (Gd-EOB-MRI). METHODS We retrospectively included 209 patients with pathologically proven biphenotypic PLCs according to the 2010 WHO classification who had undergone preoperative Gd-EOB-MRI between January 2009 and December 2018. Imaging analysis including LI-RADS classification and pathologic review including the proportion of tumor components were performed. Frequencies of each diagnosis and subtype according to the 2010 and 2019 WHO classifications were compared, and changes in LI-RADS classification were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to determine significant tumor component for LI-RADS classification. RESULTS Of the 209 biphenotypic PLCs of the 2010 WHO classification, 177 (84.7%) were diagnosed as bipheonotypic PLCs, 25 (12.0%) as hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and 7 (3.3%) as cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) using the 2019 WHO classification. Of the 177 biphenotypic PLCs, LR-M, LR-4, and LR-5 were assigned in 77 (43.5%), 21 (11.9%), and 63 (35.5%), respectively. There were no significant differences in the proportion of LR-5 and LR-M categories between the WHO 2010 and 2019 classifications (p = 0.941). Proportion of HCC component was the only independent factor for LI-RADS classification (adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION According to the 2019 WHO classification, 15% of biphenotypic PLCs from the 2010 WHO classification were re-diagnosed as HCCs or CCAs, and a substantial proportion of biphenotypic PLCs of the 2019 WHO classification could be categorized as LR-4 or LR-5 on Gd-EOB-MRI. KEY POINTS • Among 209 diagnosed biphenotypic PLCs according to the 2010 WHO classification, 177 (84.7%) lesions were reclassified as bipheonotypic PLCs, 25 (12.0%) as HCCs, and 7 (3.3%) as CCAs using the 2019 WHO classification. • Of the 177 biphenotypic PLCs at the 2019 WHO classification, LR-M, LR-4, and LR-5 were assigned in 77 (43.5%), 21 (11.9%), and 63 (35.5%), respectively. • LI-RADS classification relied on the proportion of HCC component (adjusted odds ratio,1.02; p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sun Kyung Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Soo Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Bo Yun Hur
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoon Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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99954
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Xie JB, Pang YS, Li X, Wu XT. Critical prognostic value of the log odds of negative lymph nodes/tumor size in rectal cancer patients. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:3531-3545. [PMID: 34046453 PMCID: PMC8130081 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i15.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of negative lymph nodes (NLNs) and tumor size are associated with prognosis in rectal cancer patients undergoing surgical resection. However, little is known about the prognostic significance of the NLN count after adjusting for tumor size.
AIM To assess the prognostic impact of the log odds of NLN/tumor size (LONS) in rectal cancer patients.
METHODS Data of patients with stage I–III rectal cancer were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database. These patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the prognostic value of the LONS. The optimal cutoff values of LONS were calculated using the "X-tile" program. Stratified analysis of the effect of LONS on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were performed. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used to plot the survival curve and compare the survival data among the different groups.
RESULTS In all, 41080 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 28775, 70%) and a validation cohort (n = 12325, 30%). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the continuous variable LONS as an independent prognostic factor for CSS [training cohort: Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44–0.51, P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.41-0.52, P < 0.001] and OS (training cohort: HR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.49-0.56, P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.42-0.52, P < 0.001). The X-tile program indicated that the difference in CSS was the most significant for LONS of -0.8, and the cutoff value of -0.4 can further distinguish patients with a better prognosis in the high LONS group. Stratified analysis of the effect of the categorical variable LONS on CSS and OS revealed that LONS was also an independent predictor, independent of pN stage, pT stage, tumor-node-metastasis stage, site, age, sex, the number of examined lymph nodes, race, preoperative radiotherapy and carcinoembryonic antigen level.
CONCLUSION LONS is associated with improved survival of rectal cancer patients independent of other clinicopathological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Bin Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College China, Nanchong 637200, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue-Shan Pang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637200, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College China, Nanchong 637200, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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99955
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Huang X, Lu Z, Zhang K, Wang G, Cai B, Wu P, Yin J, Miao Y, Jiang K. Prognostic impact of the ratio of preoperative CA19-9 to liver enzyme levels in pancreatic cancer patients with jaundice (predictability of combined CA19-9/AST and CA19-9/γ-GGT for jaundiced PDAC patients). Pancreatology 2021; 21:S1424-3903(21)00470-1. [PMID: 34090807 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.05.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) has been reported as the most significant survival predictor of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the elevation of CA19-9 could interfere with obstructive jaundice and the predictive value of CA19-9 in PDAC patients with jaundice remains to be analyzed and elucidated to find possible adjustments. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictability of preoperative CA19-9 and its adjustments for the overall survival (OS) of PDAC patients by analyzing the relationship between preoperative serum CA19-9 and total bilirubin (TBIL). METHODS A total of 563 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma in our center between January 2015 and September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic information was collected and preoperative parameters such as CA19-9, CEA, TBIL, γ-GGT, AST, ALT, and ALP were recorded as well as overall survival rates, which began from the date of operation to that of death or the last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank test and Cox regression models were applied using SPSS and the survival and survminer packages in R software. RESULTS Using 39/390/1000 as the cut-off values for preoperative serum CA19-9, significant capability of OS stratification was found in the total cohort (p < 0.001, MST = 29.7/19.1/15.2/12.1 months) and patients with TBIL <102.6 μmol/L (p < 0.001, MST = 32.2/19.6/15.0/11.2 months). However, in the subgroup of TBIL≥102.6 μmol/L, this classification method was replaced by the combined scoring of CA19-9/AST and CA19-9/γ-GGT. CONCLUSIONS As an independent predictor of overall survival of PDAC patients, preoperative serum CA19-9 is defective in survival stratification when TBIL≥102.6 μmol/L but a positive survival prognosis could be achieved with the application of combined preoperative CA19-9/AST and CA19-9/γ-GGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Huang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baobao Cai
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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99956
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Zimmerman J, Blackard JT. Human pegivirus type 1 infection in Asia-A review of the literature. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2257. [PMID: 34038600 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1)-as known as hepatitis G virus and GB virus C-is a common single-stranded RNA flavivirus. Because few studies have demonstrated an association between HPgV-1 infection and disease, screening for HPgV-1 is not performed routinely. Nonetheless, a beneficial impact of HPgV-1 infection on HIV disease progression has been reported in multiple studies. Given the burden of HIV in Asia and the complex interactions between viral co-infections and the host, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing data from Asia on HPgV-1 infection, including the prevalence and circulating genotypes in all Asian countries with data reported. This review highlights the research conducted thus far and emphasizes the need for additional studies on HPgV-1 across the Asian continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zimmerman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason T Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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99957
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Eslami B, Iranshahi M, Gachkar L, Hadavand F. Gallstone Frequency in Patients with Helicobacter pylori Gastritis. Arch Clin Infect Dis 2021; 16. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Identification of the causes of gallstone would result in better planning for the prevention of this disease. One of the proposed risk factors for this problem is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate of gallstone in patients with H. pylori gastritis. Methods: This was an observational study performed as a descriptive-comparative cross-sectional survey. We enrolled 169 consecutive patients with H. pylori gastritis admitted to Imam-Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2018, and gallstone frequency in them was determined and compared with other variables. Results: Overall, 14 (8.3%) patients had gallstone, and all the patients had H. pylori gastritis. There was no significant association between gallstone and H. pylori gastritis (P = 0.561). Conclusions: It may be concluded that gallstone frequency in patients with H. pylori gastritis is low, and there is no significant association between these two conditions.
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99958
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Paraschou G, Buil J, Timofte D, Priestnall SL. Oesophageal Obstruction in a Donkey Due to Mediastinal Lymphadenitis Caused by Mycobacterium avium Complex. J Comp Pathol 2021; 185:66-71. [PMID: 34119233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections are rare in horses, donkeys and mules. Although there are a few reports in horses, mycobacterial disease is poorly documented in the donkey. Mycobacterial infection of equine species typically affects the alimentary tract, causing granulomatous enterocolitis resulting in diarrhoea and chronic weight loss, while lymph nodes and liver may also be affected. We now document recurrent oesophageal obstruction, secondary to cranial mediastinal lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MAC infection in a donkey in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paraschou
- Pathology Laboratory, UK; Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | | | - Dorina Timofte
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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99959
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Ahmed AAQ, Qi F, Zheng R, Xiao L, Abdalla AME, Mao L, Bakadia BM, Liu L, Atta OM, Li X, Shi Z, Yang G. The impact of ExHp-CD (outer membrane vesicles) released from Helicobacter pylori SS1 on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and their immunogenic potential. Life Sci 2021; 279:119644. [PMID: 34048813 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles could play a major role in attenuating and treating diseases. They play a major anti-infection role by modulating immune responses against pathogens and preventing infection by inhibiting pathogen localization and proliferation. In this study, outer membrane vesicles (ExHp-CD) released by Helicobacter pylori SS1 (H. pylori) and total antigens isolated from H. pylori SS1 (AgHp) were evaluated for their immunogenic potential and their effect on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Results demonstrated that both ExHp-CD and AgHp induced T helper 2 (Th2) immune response, which was reported to be important in immune protection against H. pylori infections. Both ExHp-CD and AgHp produced high levels of IL-10 and IL-4, while no significant levels of IL-12 p70 or IFN-γ were detected. However, ExHp-CD showed a better effect on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells compared to AgHp. Macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with 5, and 10 μg/mL of ExHp-CD showed an increased ratio of CD206 (M2 phenotype marker) and a decreased ratio of CD86 (M1 phenotype marker). Moreover, results suggested that the immunogenic effect that ExHp-CD possesses was attributed to their cargo of Epimerase_2 domain-containing protein (Epi_2D), Probable malate:quinone oxidoreductase (Pro_mqo), and Probable cytosol aminopeptidase (Pro_ca). Results demonstrated that ExHp-CD possesses an immunological activity to induce Th2 immune response against H. pylori infection with results comparable to AgHp. However, ExHp-CD showed higher efficacy regarding safety, biocompatibility, lack of toxicity, and hemocompatibility. Thus, it could serve as an immunogenic candidate with more desired characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fuyu Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruizhu Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ahmed M E Abdalla
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Bahri, Khartoum 1660/11111, Sudan
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bianza Moise Bakadia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Omar Mohammad Atta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhijun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
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99960
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Ingravalle F, Casella G, Ingravalle A, Monti C, De Salvatore F, Stillitano D, Villanacci V. Surveillance of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Patients. GastrointestDisord 2021; 3:84-95. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord3020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the commonest inherited genetic disorder in Caucasians due to a mutation in the gene CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), and it should be considered as an Inherited Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Syndrome. In the United States, physicians of CF Foundation established the “Developing Innovative Gastroenterology Speciality Training Program” to increase the research on CF in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases. The risk to develop a CRC is 5–10 times higher in CF patients than in the general population and even greater in CF patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy due to organ transplantation (30-fold increased risk relative to the general population). Colonoscopy should be considered the best screening for CRC in CF patients. The screening colonoscopy should be started at the age of 40 in CF patients and, if negative, a new colonoscopy should be performed every 5 years and every 3 years if adenomas are detected. For transplanted CF patients, the screening colonoscopy could be started at the age of 35, in transplanted patients at the age of 30 and, if before, at the age of 30. CF transplanted patients, between the age of 35 and 55, must repeat colonoscopy every 3 years. Our review draws attention towards the clinically relevant development of CRC in CF patients, and it may pave the way for further screenings and studies.
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99961
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Souche R, Ferrandis C, Gautier A, Guillon F, Bardol T, Fabre JM. Registrar performance in minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy and effects on postoperative outcomes. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406:2357-2365. [PMID: 34036406 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) is nowadays an established standard procedure for non-locally advanced pancreatic lesions without celio-mesenteric vascular invasion. However, little is known about how the involvement of junior surgeons in MIDP affects postoperative outcomes. We performed a retrospective case series study in order to determine whether registrar involvement in MIDP is associated with adverse outcomes. METHODS Data were analyzed from a prospectively created database of consecutive patients undergoing MIDP. Only data from 91 patients who underwent MIDP for non-PDAC lesions were included. Patients were divided in 3 groups: Consultant P1 (first 20 MIDP, n=20), Consultant P2 (after 20 MIDP, n=44), and Registrar group (n=27). Conversion rates and 90-day postoperative outcomes were compared. RESULTS Conversion rates were 5%, 0%, and 14% in Consultant P1 and P2 and Registrar groups, respectively (P1 vs. P2, p = 0.312 and P1 vs. Registrar, p=0.376). Only Comprehensive Complication Index was higher in Registrar group compared to Consultant P1 group (13 vs. 3.7; p = 0.041). Comparison between Consultant P2 and Registrar groups resulted in a significant higher conversion rate (0 vs. 14%, p = 0.029), increased blood loss (77 vs. 263 ml, p = 0.018), and longer surgery duration (156 vs. 212 min, p=0.001) for registrars MIDP. However, no differences were found in clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) (16 vs. 7.5%, p=0.282), Clavien-Dindo severe complication ≥3 score (11 vs. 4%, p=0.396), or length of hospital stay (9 vs. 9 days; p=0.614) between the consultant and registrar cohorts. CONCLUSIONS With all the limitations of a retrospective study with a small sample size, junior surgeons' involvement in MIDP for non-PDAC lesions resulted in higher conversion rate, blood loss and duration of surgery without statistically significant difference on clinical outcomes compared to a consultant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis Souche
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier-Nimes, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France. .,Tumor Microenvironment and Resistance to Treatment Lab, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, 208 rue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. .,University of Montpellier, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France. .,Digestive and Mini-invasive Surgery Unit, Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Saint Eloi Hospital, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.
| | - Charlotte Ferrandis
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier-Nimes, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Gautier
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier-Nimes, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Guillon
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier-Nimes, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Bardol
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier-Nimes, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Fabre
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier-Nimes, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 641 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France
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99962
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Bc B, Jaiswal RK, Gupta PK, Paudel R, Subedi RK. Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Attending a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2021; 59:454-459. [PMID: 34508436 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.5719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is fatty infiltration of the liver in the absence of other causes of steatosis. It is strongly associated with central adiposity, high body mass index, insulin resistance states, hypertension, hyperlipidemia which are features of metabolic syndrome. The objective of study is to find out the carotid intima-media thickness of non alcoholic fatty liver disease patients attending a tertiary care center. METHODS This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital from July 2018 to June 2019 among 70 diagnosed cases of non alcoholic fatty liver disease based on ultrasound findings. Data collection was started after receiving ethical approval from Institutional Review Board of the Institute. Convenience sampling method was used. Data were entered using Microsoft Excel. The carotid intima-media thickness of both sides were measured by ultrasound. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used for analysis. RESULTS Out of 70 cases, the mean carotid intima-media thickness was 0.7140±0.1796mm on right and 0.7161±0.1828mm on left side. Among 70 cases 45 (64.3%) were Grade II non alcoholic fatty liver disease and 25 (35.7%) were Grade I. It was 0.5720±0.1275mm and 0.7929±0.1546mm in Grade I and II non alcoholic fatty liver disease cases respectively on right side whereas it was 0.5676±0.1259mm and 0.7987±0.1557mm respectively on left side. CONCLUSIONS This study showed increased carotid intima-media thickness in non alcoholic fatty liver disease cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bom Bc
- Department of Radiology, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Dang, Nepal
| | | | | | - Rajan Paudel
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuwan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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99963
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Wang J, Shao Y, Liu B, Wang X, Geist BK, Li X, Li F, Zhao H, Hacker M, Ding H, Zhang H, Huo L. Dynamic 18F-FDG PET imaging of liver lesions: evaluation of a two-tissue compartment model with dual blood input function. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:90. [PMID: 34034664 PMCID: PMC8152049 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dynamic PET with kinetic modeling was reported to be potentially helpful in the assessment of hepatic malignancy. In this study, a kinetic modeling analysis was performed on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) from dynamic FDG positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) scans. Methods A reversible two-tissue compartment model with dual blood input function, which takes into consideration the blood supply from both hepatic artery and portal vein, was used for accurate kinetic modeling of liver dynamic 18F-FDG PET imaging. The blood input functions were directly measured as the mean values over the VOIs on descending aorta and portal vein respectively. And the contribution of hepatic artery to the blood input function was optimization-derived in the process of model fitting. The kinetic model was evaluated using dynamic PET data acquired on 24 patients with identified hepatobiliary malignancy. 38 HCC or ICC identified lesions and 24 healthy liver regions were analyzed. Results Results showed significant differences in kinetic parameters \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${K}_{i}$$\end{document}Ki between HCC and ICC lesions. Further investigations of the effect of SUV measurements on the derived kinetic parameters were conducted. And results showed comparable effectiveness of the kinetic modeling using either SUVmean or SUVmax measurements. Conclusions Dynamic 18F-FDG PET imaging with optimization-derived hepatic artery blood supply fraction dual-blood input function kinetic modeling can effectively distinguish malignant lesions from healthy liver tissue, as well as HCC and ICC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwen Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Barbara Katharina Geist
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiang Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Haiyan Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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99964
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Rao CV, Xu C, Farooqui M, Zhang Y, Asch AS, Yamada HY. Survival-Critical Genes Associated with Copy Number Alterations in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112586. [PMID: 34070461 PMCID: PMC8197496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome Instability (CIN) in tumors affects carcinogenesis, drug resistance, and recurrence/prognosis. Thus, it has a high impact on outcomes in clinic. However, how CIN occurs in human tumors remains elusive. Although cells with CIN (i.e., pre/early cancer cells) are proposed to be removed by apoptosis and/or a surveillance mechanism, this surveillance mechanism is poorly understood. Here we employed a novel data-mining strategy (Gene Expression to Copy Number Alterations [CNA]; "GE-CNA") to comprehensively identify 1578 genes that associate with CIN, indicated by genomic CNA as its surrogate marker, in human lung adenocarcinoma. We found that (a) amplification/insertion CNA is facilitated by over-expressions of DNA replication stressor and suppressed by a broad range of immune cells (T-, B-, NK-cells, leukocytes), and (b) deletion CNA is facilitated by over-expressions of mitotic regulator genes and suppressed predominantly by leukocytes guided by leukocyte extravasation signaling. Among the 39 CNA- and survival-associated genes, the purine metabolism (PPAT, PAICS), immune-regulating CD4-LCK-MEC2C and CCL14-CCR1 axes, and ALOX5 emerged as survival-critical pathways. These findings revealed a broad role of the immune system in suppressing CIN/CNA and cancer development in lung, and identified components representing potential targets for future chemotherapy, chemoprevention, and immunomodulation approaches for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence: (C.V.R.); (H.Y.Y.)
| | - Chao Xu
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Mudassir Farooqui
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Adam S. Asch
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yamada
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.V.R.); (H.Y.Y.)
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99965
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Zong N, Ngo V, Stone DJ, Wen A, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Liu S, Huang M, Wang C, Jiang G. Leveraging Genetic Reports and Electronic Health Records for the Prediction of Primary Cancers: Algorithm Development and Validation Study. JMIR Med Inform 2021; 9:e23586. [PMID: 34032581 PMCID: PMC8188315 DOI: 10.2196/23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision oncology has the potential to leverage clinical and genomic data in advancing disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. A key research area focuses on the early detection of primary cancers and potential prediction of cancers of unknown primary in order to facilitate optimal treatment decisions. OBJECTIVE This study presents a methodology to harmonize phenotypic and genetic data features to classify primary cancer types and predict cancers of unknown primaries. METHODS We extracted genetic data elements from oncology genetic reports of 1011 patients with cancer and their corresponding phenotypical data from Mayo Clinic's electronic health records. We modeled both genetic and electronic health record data with HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources. The semantic web Resource Description Framework was employed to generate the network-based data representation (ie, patient-phenotypic-genetic network). Based on the Resource Description Framework data graph, Node2vec graph-embedding algorithm was applied to generate features. Multiple machine learning and deep learning backbone models were compared for cancer prediction performance. RESULTS With 6 machine learning tasks designed in the experiment, we demonstrated the proposed method achieved favorable results in classifying primary cancer types (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 96.56% for all 9 cancer predictions on average based on the cross-validation) and predicting unknown primaries (AUROC 80.77% for all 8 cancer predictions on average for real-patient validation). To demonstrate the interpretability, 17 phenotypic and genetic features that contributed the most to the prediction of each cancer were identified and validated based on a literature review. CONCLUSIONS Accurate prediction of cancer types can be achieved with existing electronic health record data with satisfactory precision. The integration of genetic reports improves prediction, illustrating the translational values of incorporating genetic tests early at the diagnosis stage for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansu Zong
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Victoria Ngo
- University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J Stone
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andrew Wen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Guoqian Jiang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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99966
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Aziz H, Wang JC, Genyk Y, Sheikh MR. Comprehensive analysis of laparoscopic, robotic, and open hepatectomy outcomes using the nationwide readmissions database. J Robot Surg 2021; 16:401-407. [PMID: 34033071 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-021-01257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although open resections have been the most prevalent method of hepatectomies in the United States, laparoscopic and robotic methods of liver resection have since gained significant traction. Given the augmenting role of minimally invasive techniques in liver resection, a study that explores and analyzes the surgical outcomes of the approaches mentioned above to liver resection on a national basis is warranted. A retrospective analysis was performed in this study using the 2016-2018 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). Patients who underwent liver resections via one of the following methods were selected and grouped: open, laparoscopic, or robotic. Our primary outcome variable of interest was the 45-day readmission rate. 11,186 patients were included in the analysis. The 45-day readmission rate was 13.5%, 12.9%, and 8.7% in the open, laparoscopic, and robotic groups, respectively (p < 0.001). A significantly lower complication rate (7.3%) was seen in the robotic group than its counterparts (11.4% in open vs. 9.1% in the laparoscopic group). Patients undergoing hepatectomies may benefit from the robotic approach given that it is associated with a shorter hospital length of stay and lower readmission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Aziz
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Johnny C Wang
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yuri Genyk
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mohd Raashid Sheikh
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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99967
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Duan J, Song Y, Zhang X, Wang C. Effect of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids-Derived Bioactive Lipids on Metabolic Disorders. Front Physiol 2021; 12:646491. [PMID: 34113260 PMCID: PMC8185290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.646491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an important ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) are three well-known ω-3 PUFAs. These fatty acids can be metabolized into a number of bioactive lipids. Eicosanoids derived from ARA have drawn great attention because of their important and complex biofunctions. Although EPA, DHA and n-3 DPA have also shown powerful biofunctions, we have fewer studies of metabolites derived from them than those from ARA. Recently, growing research has focused on the bioaction of ω-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, which indicates their great potential for treating metabolic disorders. Most of the functional studies of these bioactive lipids focused on their anti-inflammatory effects. However, several studies elucidated their direct effects on pancreatic β cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and endothelial cells. These researches revealed the importance of studying the functions of metabolites derived from ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids other than themselves. The current review summarizes research into the effects of ω-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins on metabolic disorders, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adipose tissue dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Duan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yayue Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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99968
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Li H, Christman LM, Li R, Gu L. Synergic interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota in mitigating inflammatory bowel diseases. Food Funct 2021; 11:4878-4891. [PMID: 32490857 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00713g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic and recurring inflammatory conditions in the colon and intestine. Their etiology is not fully understood but involves the combination of gut dysbiosis, genetics, immune functions, and environmental factors including diet. Polyphenols from plant-based food synergistically interact with gut microbiota to suppress inflammation and alleviate symptoms of IBD. Polyphenols increase the diversity of gut microbiota, improve the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the pathogenic species. Polyphenols not absorbed in the small intestine are catabolized in the colon by microbiota into microbial metabolites, many of which have higher anti-inflammatory activity and bioavailability than their precursors. The polyphenols and their microbial metabolites alleviate IBD through reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammatory cytokines secretion (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β), suppression of NF-κB, upregulation of Nrf2, gut barrier protection, and modulation of immune function. Future studies are needed to discover unknown microbial metabolites of polyphenols and correlate specific gut microbes with microbial metabolites and IBD mitigating activity. A better knowledge of the synergistic interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota will help to devise more effective prevention strategies for IBD. This review focuses on the role of polyphenols, gut microbiota and their synergistic interactions on the alleviation of IBD as well as current trends and future directions of IBD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Lindsey M Christman
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Liwei Gu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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99969
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Bakhshimoghaddam F, Alizadeh M. Contribution of gut microbiota to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathways of mechanisms. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:61-68. [PMID: 34330514 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common, multifactorial liver disease with rapidly increasing prevalence. During the past decade, several lines of evidence have suggested that gut microbiota dysbiosis represents a major factor contributing to NAFLD occurrence and its progression. METHOD We have performed a review of the published data on the relationship between gut microbiota and risk factors for NAFLD and the role that gut-liver axis plays in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. RESULTS Accumulated evidence has indicated that dysfunction of the gut-liver axis, including increased intestinal permeability, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, microbiota-derived mediators, and intestinal dysbiosis contribute to the progression and development of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review suggest that lifestyle modification and manipulation of gut microbiota can be considered as a therapeutic target for NAFLD management. However, important documents supporting the role of gut microbiota in NAFLD come from animal studies; therefore, information from studies on humans could lead to novel therapeutics for this highly common disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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99970
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Gray M, Marland JRK, Murray AF, Argyle DJ, Potter MA. Predictive and Diagnostic Biomarkers of Anastomotic Leakage: A Precision Medicine Approach for Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:471. [PMID: 34070593 PMCID: PMC8229046 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of an anastomotic leak (AL) following intestinal surgery for the treatment of colorectal cancers is a life-threatening complication. Failure of the anastomosis to heal correctly can lead to contamination of the abdomen with intestinal contents and the development of peritonitis. The additional care that these patients require is associated with longer hospitalisation stays and increased economic costs. Patients also have higher morbidity and mortality rates and poorer oncological prognosis. Unfortunately, current practices for AL diagnosis are non-specific, which may delay diagnosis and have a negative impact on patient outcome. To overcome these issues, research is continuing to identify AL diagnostic or predictive biomarkers. In this review, we highlight promising candidate biomarkers including ischaemic metabolites, inflammatory markers and bacteria. Although research has focused on the use of blood or peritoneal fluid samples, we describe the use of implantable medical devices that have been designed to measure biomarkers in peri-anastomotic tissue. Biomarkers that can be used in conjunction with clinical status, routine haematological and biochemical analysis and imaging have the potential to help to deliver a precision medicine package that could significantly enhance a patient's post-operative care and improve outcomes. Although no AL biomarker has yet been validated in large-scale clinical trials, there is confidence that personalised medicine, through biomarker analysis, could be realised for colorectal cancer intestinal resection and anastomosis patients in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Jamie R. K. Marland
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Scottish Microelectronics Centre, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK;
| | - Alan F. Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK;
| | - David J. Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Mark A. Potter
- Department of Surgery, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
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99971
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Elshayeb AF, Abdrabu MG, Asar SL, Abdelaziz MA, Abuelkheir H. Assessment of hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA in high and low viremic chronic hepatitis B patients. Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 7:85-92. [PMID: 34027120 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2021.104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the main cause of hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence. Therefore, a noninvasive serum biomarker that can reflect intrahepatic cccDNA is required for evaluation of HBV virological, biochemical activity and therapeutic response. Aim of the study was to assess serum hepatitis B pregenomic RNA in low viremia patients (HBV DNA < 2000 IU/ml) and high viremia (HBV DNA > 2000 IU/ml). Material and methods This study was carried out on two groups of chronic hepatitis B patients: group A - 40 patients with low viremia (HBV DNA < 2000 IU/ml); group B - 40 patients with high viremia (HBV DNA > 2000 IU/ml when diagnosed). They were assessed before treatment and after 6 months of treatment (entecavir 0.5 mg/24 h). Serum HBV pregenomic RNA was quantified using RT-PCR. Results Pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) was significantly lower in group A than in group B (before treatment). Moreover, it was significantly lower after 6 months of treatment than before treatment in group B. A significant positive correlation was observed between pgRNA and HBV DNA in groups A and B (before treatment); however, after 6 months of treatment of group B patients, although 35 patients had undetectable HBV DNA, they showed detectable levels of serum pgRNA and pgRNA > 4000 IU/ml was associated with virological and biochemical activity. Conclusions Serum HBV pregenomic RNA might be a promising marker for assessment of HBV virological, biochemical activity and evaluating therapeutic responses.
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99972
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Perales
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Kavel Visrodia
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Amrita Sethi
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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99973
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Du D, Cao X, Duan X, Zhang X. Blocking circ_0014130 suppressed drug resistance and malignant behaviors of docetaxel resistance-acquired NSCLC cells via regulating miR-545-3p-YAP1 axis. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:571-584. [PMID: 34349347 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidences have claimed that circular RNAs are deregulated in docetaxel (DTX) resistance in malignant tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hsa_circ_0014130 (circ_0014130) is a new biomarker in NSCLC. However, its role in DTX-resistant NSCLC remained to be annotated. In this study, real-time PCR was used to measure expression of circ_0014130, and circ_0014130 was upregulated in NSCLC tumors and DTX-resistant NSCLC cells (NCI-H1299/DTX and A549/DTX). MTT assay analyzed the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DTX, and it was lowered by circ_0014130 interference in DTX-resistant NSCLC cells. Moreover, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assays, and xenograft tumor model revealed that silencing circ_0014130 facilitated apoptosis rate of DTX-resistant NSCLC cells, suppressed the colony formation, migration and invasion, and retarded xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed that circ_0014130 was one competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miRNA (miR)-545-3p, and circ_0014130 modulated expression of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a target gene for miR-545-3p. YAP1 upregulation and miR-545-3p downregulation were allied with circ_0014130 upregulation in NSCLC tumors and DTX-resistant NSCLC cells. Functionally, downregulating miR-545-3p could abate the effects of circ_0014130 knockdown in DTX-resistant NSCLC cells in vitro, whereas its overexpression exerted similar effects of circ_0014130 knockdown. Either, restoring YAP1 partially reversed miR-545-3p effects in DTX-resistant NSCLC cells. Collectively, there might be a novel circ_0014130-miR-545-3p-YAP1 ceRNA pathway in regulation of chemoresistance and malignant behaviors of DTX-resistant NSCLC cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for DTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Du
- Oncology II, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
| | - Xiaoci Cao
- Oncology II, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
| | - Xinbo Duan
- Oncology II, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
| | - Xianbo Zhang
- Oncology II, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051 Hebei China
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99974
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Honan AM, Chen Z. Stromal Cells Underlining the Paths From Autoimmunity, Inflammation to Cancer With Roles Beyond Structural and Nutritional Support. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658984. [PMID: 34113615 PMCID: PMC8185233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells provide structural support and nutrients in secondary lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid tissues. However, accumulating evidence suggests that a complex relationship exists between stromal cells and immune cells. Interactions between immune cells and stromal cells have been shown to influence the pathology of both autoimmunity and cancer. This review examines the heterogeneity of stromal cells within the lymph node and non-lymphoid tissues during both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, in particular autoimmunity and cancer, with the goal of better understanding the complex and apparently paradoxical relationship between these two classes of diseases. The review surveys potential novel mechanisms involving the interactions between stromal cells and immune cells which may contribute to the development, pathology and underlying connection between autoimmunity and cancer, including potential pathways from autoimmune inflammation to either “hot” or “cold” tumors. These interactions may provide some insights to explain the rising incidence of both autoimmunity and cancer in young women in industrialized countries and have the potential to be exploited in the development of new interventions for preventions and treatments of both autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Honan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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99975
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Olesen HØ, Pors SE, Jensen LB, Grønning AP, Lemser CE, Nguyen Heimbürger MTH, Mamsen LS, Getreu N, Christensen ST, Andersen CY, Kristensen SG. N-acetylcysteine protects ovarian follicles from ischemia-reperfusion injury in xenotransplanted human ovarian tissue. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:429-443. [PMID: 33246336 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) protect ovarian follicles from ischemia-reperfusion injury in xenotransplanted human ovarian tissue? SUMMARY ANSWER Daily administration of NAC for 7-12 days post-transplantation reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury and increased follicle survival in human ovarian xenografts by upregulating the antioxidant defense system and exerting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Freezing of human ovarian tissue is performed with high follicular survival rates but up to 70% of follicles appear to be lost due to hypoxia and ischemia-reperfusion injury during ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT). NAC has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, and studies in rodents have shown that intraperitoneal administration of NAC reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury and increases follicle survival in autotransplanted murine ovaries. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Pieces of frozen-thawed human ovarian tissue from 28 women aged 23-36 years were transplanted to immunodeficient mice in short- and long-term xenograft studies or cultured in vitro. Three short-term xenograft studies (1-week duration) were performed, in which saline or 150 mg/kg NAC was administered for 7 days post-transplantation (n = 12 patients per group). Two long-term xenograft studies (4 weeks of duration) were performed. In one of these studies, saline or 150 mg/kg NAC was administered for 12 days (n = 12 patients per group), while in the other study 50, 150 or 300 mg/kg NAC was administered for 7 days (n = 8 patients per group). In addition, human ovarian tissue (n = 12 pieces from three patients per group) was cultured with increasing concentrations of NAC (0, 5, 25 and 75 mM) for 4 days in vitro. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Donated ovarian tissue was obtained from women who had undergone ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation at the University Hospital of Copenhagen. Cortical tissue pieces (5 × 5 × 1 mm) were transplanted subcutaneously to immunodeficient mice and NAC or saline was injected intraperitoneally. Grafts were retrieved after 1 or 4 weeks and follicle density was assessed. Gene expression analysis of antioxidant defense markers (superoxide dismutase; Sod1/SOD1, heme oxygenase-1; Hmox1/HMOX1, catalase; Cat/CAT), proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Tnf-α, interleukin-1-beta; Il1-β, interleukin 6; Il6), apoptotic factors (B-cell lymphoma 2; Bcl2/BCL2, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bax/BAX) and angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vegfa/VEGFA, angiopoietin-like 4; Angptl4/ANGPTL4) was performed in 1-week-old human ovarian xenografts and in cultured human ovarian tissue. Grafts retrieved after 4 weeks were histologically processed and analyzed for vascularization by CD31 immunohistochemical staining, fibrosis by Masson's Trichrome staining and apoptosis by immunofluorescence using cleaved caspase-3. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After 1-week grafting, the relative expression of Sod1, Hmox1 and Cat was significantly higher in the group receiving 150 mg/kg NAC (NAC150-treated group) compared to controls (P = 0.04, P = 0.03, and P = 0.01, respectively), whereas the expression levels of Tnf-α, Il1-β and Il6 were reduced. The Bax/Bcl2 ratio was also significantly reduced in the NAC150-treated group (P < 0.005). In vitro, the relative gene expression of SOD1, HMOX1 and CAT increased significantly in the human ovarian tissue with increasing concentrations of NAC (P < 0.001 for all genes). However, the expression of VEGFA and ANGPTL4 as well as the BAX/BCL2 ratio decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of NAC (P < 0.02, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). After 4-week grafting, fibrosis measured by collagen content was similar in the NAC150-treated group compared to controls (control: 56.6% ± 2.2; NAC150: 57.6% ± 1.8), whereas a statistically significant reduction in the CD31-positive vessel area was found (control: 0.69% ± 0.08; NAC150: 0.51% ± 0.07; P < 0.02). Furthermore, a reduced immunoreactivity of cleaved caspase-3 was observed in follicles of the NAC150-treated xenografts compared to controls. Follicle density (follicles/mm3, mean ± SD) was higher in the NAC150-treated group compared to the control group in the 1-week xenografts (control: 19.5 ± 26.3; NAC150: 34.2 ± 53.5) and 4-week xenografts (control: 9.3 ± 11.0; NAC150: 14.4 ± 15.0). Overall, a 2-fold increase in follicle density was observed in the NAC150-group after 1-week grafting where fold changes in follicle density were calculated in relation to grafts from the same patient. Around a 5-fold increase in follicle density was observed in the NAC150 and NAC300 groups after 4-week grafting. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Follicle density in the human ovarian cortex is highly heterogeneous and can vary 100-fold between cortex pieces from the same woman. A high variability in follicle density within and between treatment groups and patients was found in the current study. Thus, solid conclusions cannot be made. While intraperitoneal injections of NAC appeared to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in human ovarian xenografts, different administration routes should be investigated in order to optimize NAC for potential clinical use. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to demonstrate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties of NAC in xenotransplanted human ovarian tissue. Therefore, NAC appears to be a promising candidate for protecting ovarian follicles from ischemia-reperfusion injury. This provides the initial steps toward clinical application of NAC, which could potentially reduce the loss of ovarian follicles following OTT. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) We are grateful to the Danish Childhood Cancer Foundation, Hørslev Foundation, Aase and Einar Danielsen's Foundation (grant number: 10-001999), Dagmar Marshalls Foundation, Else and Mogens Wedell-Wedellsborgs Foundation, Knud and Edith Eriksens Mindefond, and Fabrikant Einar Willumsens Mindelegat for funding this study. None of the authors have any competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ørnes Olesen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Department, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Susanne Elisabeth Pors
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Department, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Lea Bejstrup Jensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Department, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Annika Patricia Grønning
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Department, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.,Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Engel Lemser
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Department, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Maria Thai Hien Nguyen Heimbürger
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Department, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Linn Salto Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Department, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Natalie Getreu
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London WC1E 6HU, UK
| | - Søren Tvorup Christensen
- Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Department, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Stine Gry Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Department, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
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99976
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Gori M, Vadalà G, Giannitelli SM, Denaro V, Di Pino G. Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Strategies to Control Foreign Body Reaction to Invasive Neural Electrodes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659033. [PMID: 34113605 PMCID: PMC8185207 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural-interfaced prostheses aim to restore sensorimotor limb functions in amputees. They rely on bidirectional neural interfaces, which represent the communication bridge between nervous system and neuroprosthetic device by controlling its movements and evoking sensory feedback. Compared to extraneural electrodes (i.e., epineural and perineural implants), intraneural electrodes, implanted within peripheral nerves, have higher selectivity and specificity of neural signal recording and nerve stimulation. However, being implanted in the nerve, their main limitation is represented by the significant inflammatory response that the body mounts around the probe, known as Foreign Body Reaction (FBR), which may hinder their rapid clinical translation. Furthermore, the mechanical mismatch between the consistency of the device and the surrounding neural tissue may contribute to exacerbate the inflammatory state. The FBR is a non-specific reaction of the host immune system to a foreign material. It is characterized by an early inflammatory phase eventually leading to the formation of a fibrotic capsule around intraneural interfaces, which increases the electrical impedance over time and reduces the chronic interface biocompatibility and functionality. Thus, the future in the reduction and control of the FBR relies on innovative biomedical strategies for the fabrication of next-generation neural interfaces, such as the development of more suitable designs of the device with smaller size, appropriate stiffness and novel conductive and biomimetic coatings for improving their long-term stability and performance. Here, we present and critically discuss the latest biomedical approaches from material chemistry and tissue engineering for controlling and mitigating the FBR in chronic neural implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Gori
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC) - National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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99977
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Mao K, Tan Q, Ma Y, Wang S, Zhong H, Liao Y, Huang Q, Xiao W, Xia H, Tan X, Luo P, Xu J, Long D, Jin Y. Proteomics of extracellular vesicles in plasma reveals the characteristics and residual traces of COVID-19 patients without underlying diseases after 3 months of recovery. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:541. [PMID: 34035220 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
More and more patients suffered from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have got recovery gradually due to suitable intervention. Increasing data mainly studies the clinical characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients, and their molecular changes especially proteome changes also play the same important role in understanding of biological characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients as clinical characteristics do. In our study, we reported the whole lung-ground glass-CT value-average of mild/severe recovered patients 3 months after discharge without underlying diseases was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects. Then we isolated the extracellular vesicles (EVs) of plasma from 19 healthy subjects and 67 recovered COVID-19 patients. Mass Spectrometry was used to catalogue the proteins of these EVs compared to a defined group of controls. Identified 174 proteins were differentially expressed in the EVs of COVID-19 patients compared with healthy subjects, which involved in lipid metabolic process, response to cellular, and response to stress oxygen-containing compound. Besides, we identified several protein of plasma EVs in recovered patients associated with coagulation activity, inflammatory reaction, immune response, and low organ function. In addition, proteins correlating with clinical index such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also detected. Moreover, we also identified many unique or characteristic associations found in the recovered COVID-19 patients, which especially involved the kidney, serum electrolyte levels, and inflammation functions. This finding suggests that monitoring the situation of recovered patients might be useful, especially the indexes of coagulation, inflammation, immunity, and organ function, which can prevent bleeding, reinfection and organ dysfunction.
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99978
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Li X, Chen X, Hu X, Shen Y, Xu R, Wu L, Shen X. Overexpression of GUCY1A2 Correlates With Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632172. [PMID: 34113559 PMCID: PMC8185334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine phosphate (cGMP) play important roles in blood pressure regulation, neurotransmitter delivery, renal function, and tumorigenesis and development. The intermediate link of this signaling pathway, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), is particularly important. However, the role of the GUCY1A2 gene encoding the sGC α2 subunit is unknown. Methods Gene expression and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. After screening for GUCY1A2 expression, the expression differences between gastric cancer (GC) tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues were determined using R software. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and meta-analysis were used to verify the result. The correlation between the expression of GUCY1A2 and clinicopathological parameters was explored by logistic regression. Then, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the relationship between the expression of GUCY1A2 and the survival of GC patients. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore and analyze the GC-related signaling pathways affected by high GUCY1A2 expression. Results We found that GUCY1A2 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). qRT-PCR (P < 0.001) and meta-analysis (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.20-1.10) confirmed the difference in GUCY1A2 expression. Logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of GUCY1A2 was associated with histological grade (OR=1.858 for poor vs. well or moderate, P = 0.004) and T stage (OR = 3.389 for T3 vs. T1, P = 0.025; OR = 3.422 for T4 vs. T1, P = 0.028). Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that GC patients with high expression of GUCY1A2 had a poor prognosis than that of patients with low expression. Univariate analysis indicated that GUCY1A2 and some clinicopathological parameters, such as age, pathological stage, and TNM stage, may predict poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that GUCY1A2 was an independent prognostic marker (HR = 1.699; 95%CI, 1.175-2.456; P = 0.005). GSEA showed that the high GUCY1A2 phenotype is significantly enriched for tumor-associated signaling pathways. Conclusions GUCY1A2 is highly expressed in GC and may be used as a potential prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueju Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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99979
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Kim MJ, Hong SN, Kim YH, Choe YH. [How Can We Do Transition Successfully from Pediatric to Adult Clinics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?]. Korean J Gastroenterol 2021; 77:227-230. [PMID: 34035200 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2021.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and its impact throughout life, transition care has become an important issue. In Korea, no guidelines have been proposed to support the transition from the pediatric clinic to the adult IBD clinic. This paper reviews the current issues related to IBD patient care during the transition from pediatrics to adults to identify the barriers and critical elements for a successful transition. Thus far, a multi-disciplinary pediatric/adult clinic or alternate visits between pediatric and adult health care providers is the best model for pediatric to adult IBD clinics. Self-reliance and independence of patients with pediatric IBD are also essential for a successful transition. In addition, the timing of the transition from a pediatric clinic to an adult IBD clinic should not be determined because the issue is not the chronological age but rather the individual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Ho Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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99980
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Jiang L, Niu W, Zheng Q, Meng G, Chen X, Zhang M, Deng G, Mao Q, Wang L. Identification of an Autoantibody Against ErbB-3-Binding Protein-1 in the Sera of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640335. [PMID: 34113340 PMCID: PMC8185336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that autoimmune response contributes to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) development. Aim This study aimed to identify autoantibodies in the sera of patients with CHB and to investigate the association of autoimmune response with disease severity in CHB. Methods Proteins from human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The candidate autoantigens were recognized by serum autoantibodies from Chinese CHB patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the hepatic expression of the autoantigen in CHB patients with different inflammatory grades. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to measure the prevalence and the levels of serum autoantibody in CHB patients with different disease severity. Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to assess the autoreactive T cell response in the peripheral circulation of CHB patients. Results ErbB-3-binding protein-1 (EBP-1) was identified as an autoantigen of serum autoantibodies in CBP patients. EBP-1 protein expression was upregulated in the liver of CHB patients with high-grade hepatic inflammation. The prevalence and levels of serum anti-EBP1 IgG were significantly increased in CHB patients with severe diseases compared with those with mild or moderate diseases, but none was detectable in the healthy controls. EBP-1 peptides induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in CD4+ T cells from CHB patients. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the presence of an autoantibody against EBP-1 in the sera as well as EBP-1-reactive T cells in the peripheral blood of CHB patient. EBP-1-induced autoimmune response is positively associated with the disease severity, suggesting that EBP-1-induced autoimmune response possibly contributes to progressive liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Function Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Department of Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guohong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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99981
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Matarredona-quiles S, Pérez-carbonell T, Ortega-beltrá N, Vaz de Castro J, Alkan U, Carrasco-llatas M. Is There a Perfect Drug for Sedation in DISE? Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep 2021; 9:260-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-021-00355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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99982
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Orso G, Solovyev MM, Facchiano S, Tyrikova E, Sateriale D, Kashinskaya E, Pagliarulo C, Hoseinifar HS, Simonov E, Varricchio E, Paolucci M, Imperatore R. Chestnut Shell Tannins: Effects on Intestinal Inflammation and Dysbiosis in Zebrafish. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061538. [PMID: 34070355 PMCID: PMC8228309 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With the increase in global population the production of animal proteins becomes increasingly crucial. Aquaculture is the first animal protein supply industry for human consumption. Intensive farming techniques are employed to increase productivity, but these may cause stressful conditions for fish, resulting in impaired growth and poor health conditions. Intestinal inflammation is one of the most common diseases of fish in intensive farming. Intestinal inflammation is usually accompanied by an alteration of the microbiota or dysbiosis. Inflammation and dysbiosis are so tightly intertwined that inflammation may contribute to or result from dysregulation of gut microbiota. Natural substances of plant origin rich in bioactive molecules or more simply phytochemicals, have been proved to be able to reduce inflammation and improve the general health status in various commercially relevant species. In this study, we evaluated the effect of tannins, a class of polyphenols, the most abundant phytochemicals, on intestinal inflammation and microbiota in zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small freshwater fish become an attractive biomedicine and aquaculture animal model during the last decades. The zebrafish has been employed in a vast array of studies aiming at investigating the essential processes underlying intestinal inflammation and injury due to its conservative gut morphology and functions. In this study, we administered a diet enriched with chestnut shell extract rich in tannins to a zebrafish model of intestinal inflammation. The treatment ameliorated the damaged intestinal morphophysiology and the microbiota asset. Our results sustain that products of natural origin with low environmental impact and low cost, such as tannins, may help to ease some of the critical issues affecting the aquaculture sector. Abstract The aim of the present study was to test the possible ameliorative efficacy of phytochemicals such as tannins on intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis. The effect of a chestnut shell (Castanea sativa) extract (CSE) rich in polyphenols, mainly represented by tannins, on k-carrageenan-induced intestinal inflammation in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) was tested in a feeding trial. Intestinal inflammation was induced by 0.1% k-carrageenan added to the diet for 10 days. CSE was administered for 10 days after k-carrageenan induced inflammation. The intestinal morphology and histopathology, cytokine expression, and microbiota were analyzed. The k-carrageenan treatment led to gut lumen expansion, reduction of intestinal folds, and increase of the goblet cells number, accompanied by the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors (TNFα, COX2) and alteration in the number and ratio of taxonomic groups of bacteria. CSE counteracted the inflammatory status enhancing the growth of health helpful bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas), decreasing the pro-inflammatory factors, and activating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In conclusion, CSE acted as a prebiotic on zebrafish gut microbiota, sustaining the use of tannins as food additives to ameliorate the intestinal inflammation. Our results may be relevant for both aquaculture and medical clinic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Orso
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (E.V.); (R.I.)
| | - Mikhail M. Solovyev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of RAS, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.M.S.); (E.T.); (E.K.)
- Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Serena Facchiano
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (E.V.); (R.I.)
| | - Evgeniia Tyrikova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of RAS, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.M.S.); (E.T.); (E.K.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daniela Sateriale
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (E.V.); (R.I.)
| | - Elena Kashinskaya
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of RAS, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.M.S.); (E.T.); (E.K.)
| | - Caterina Pagliarulo
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (E.V.); (R.I.)
| | - Hossein S. Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49138-15739 Gorgan, Iran;
| | - Evgeniy Simonov
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), University of Tyumen, 625003 Tyumen, Russia;
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (E.V.); (R.I.)
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (E.V.); (R.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (G.O.); (S.F.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (E.V.); (R.I.)
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99983
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Bermúdez A, Arranz-Salas I, Mercado S, López-Villodres JA, González V, Ríus F, Ortega MV, Alba C, Hierro I, Bermúdez D. Her2-Positive and Microsatellite Instability Status in Gastric Cancer-Clinicopathological Implications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:944. [PMID: 34070574 PMCID: PMC8228707 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The combination of new molecular classifications with clinicopathological data could contribute to the individualization of patients and to the development of new therapeutic strategies. We examined the various associations in two molecular types of GC: HER2-positive (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and microsatellite instability (MSI), assessing their influence on treatment and prognosis. A retrospective study of 142 GC patients was performed with molecular characterization through HER2 overexpression and DNA repair protein expression for MSI. The percentage of HER2-positive tumors was 13.4%, predominantly in men. Correlations were found with intestinal type, metastases, advanced stages and chemotherapy. Almost 75% of HER2-positive patients died. MSI occurred in 16.2%, associated with advanced age, female sex, distal location and intestinal type. These patients had few metastases and low stages. The percentage of deaths was higher among MSI patients who received perioperative chemotherapy. The determination of HER2 and MSI status in GC is important for their association with specific clinicopathological features and for their prognostic and predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bermúdez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nuestra Señora de Valme University Hospital, 41014 Seville, Spain;
| | - Isabel Arranz-Salas
- Department of Human Physiology, Human Histology, Anatomical Pathology and Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (I.A.-S.); (S.M.); (J.A.L.-V.); (M.V.O.); (C.A.)
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Silvia Mercado
- Department of Human Physiology, Human Histology, Anatomical Pathology and Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (I.A.-S.); (S.M.); (J.A.L.-V.); (M.V.O.); (C.A.)
| | - Juan A. López-Villodres
- Department of Human Physiology, Human Histology, Anatomical Pathology and Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (I.A.-S.); (S.M.); (J.A.L.-V.); (M.V.O.); (C.A.)
| | - Virginia González
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology; Montilla Hospital, 14550 Montilla, Spain;
| | - Francisca Ríus
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - María V. Ortega
- Department of Human Physiology, Human Histology, Anatomical Pathology and Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (I.A.-S.); (S.M.); (J.A.L.-V.); (M.V.O.); (C.A.)
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Carmen Alba
- Department of Human Physiology, Human Histology, Anatomical Pathology and Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (I.A.-S.); (S.M.); (J.A.L.-V.); (M.V.O.); (C.A.)
| | - Isabel Hierro
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Diego Bermúdez
- Department of Human Physiology, Human Histology, Anatomical Pathology and Physical Education, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (I.A.-S.); (S.M.); (J.A.L.-V.); (M.V.O.); (C.A.)
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99984
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Nigro E, Daniele A, Salzillo A, Ragone A, Naviglio S, Sapio L. AdipoRon and Other Adiponectin Receptor Agonists as Potential Candidates in Cancer Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115569. [PMID: 34070338 PMCID: PMC8197554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate together with an ever-growing number of annual cases have defined neoplastic disorders as “the real 21st-century disease”. Its dubious distinction also results from conventional therapy failure, which has made cancer an orphan disease. Therefore, innovative and alternative therapeutic strategies are mandatory. The ability to leverage human naturally occurring anti-tumor defenses has always represented a fascinating perspective, and the immuno blockage approval in cancer treatment represents in timeline the latest success. As a multifunctional organ, adipose tissue releases a large amount of adipokines having both carcinogenic and antitumor properties. The negative correlation between serum levels and risk for developing malignancies, as well as the huge number of existing preclinical studies, have identified adiponectin as a potential anticancer adipokine. Nevertheless, its usage in clinical has constantly clashed with the inability to reproduce a mimic synthetic compound. Between 2011 and 2013, two distinct adiponectin receptor agonists were recognized, opening new scenarios even in cancer. Here, we review the first orally active adiponectin receptor agonists AdipoRon, from the discovery to the anticancer evidence. Including our latest findings in osteosarcoma models, we summarize AdipoRon and other existing agonists state-of-art, questioning about the feasibility assessment of this strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Salzillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Angela Ragone
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Sapio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.); (L.S.)
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99985
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Moya-Salazar J, Barrial-Vega M, Arrieta-Calderón R, Contreras-Pulache H. Cambios en los valores de las pruebas de función hepática en pacientes con VIH en Tratamiento Antirretroviral de Gran Alcance (TARGA). Estudio longitudinal en Lima, Perú. Rev Fac Med 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v70n1.86775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedad hepática crónica en pacientes con VIH durante la Terapia Antirretroviral de Gran Actividad (TARGA) se deben estimar y monitorear cambios en el perfil hepático.
Objetivo. Determinar la variación de las concentraciones del perfil hepático en pacientes con VIH durante la TARGA.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo longitudinal realizado en 100 pacientes con VIH atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue, Lima, Perú, entre 2015 y 2017. Se incluyeron pacientes en todos los estadios de infección clínica que estuvieran recibiendo TARGA y en los que se contara con resultados del perfil hepático para alanina aminotransferasa (ALT), aspartato aminotransferasa (AST), fosfatasa alcalina (FA), Gammaglutamiltranspeptidasa (GGT), y proteínas totales (PT). Se realizaron tres análisis de control de la función hepática (cada 3 meses) durante la TARGA y los participantes se agruparon en niveles normales y elevados para todos los marcadores hepáticos. Las diferencias entre las muestras analizadas fueron determinadas mediante la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas, con un intervalo de confianza de 95% y un nivel de significancia de p<0.05.
Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 33±9.56 años y el 67% fueron varones. Los valores séricos promedio de AST, ALT, y FA disminuyeron entre la primera y la tercera medición (p=0.021, p=0.076, y p=0.002, respectivamente). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los niveles de GGT y PT entre las tres mediciones, ni entre los pacientes con valores normales y elevados para AST, ALT, FA y PT, pero sí para GGT (p=0.010).
Conclusiones. Se observaron variaciones en los niveles de los marcadores hepáticos de todos los participantes, con una tendencia a la reducción en AST, ALT y FA entre las etapas iniciales y finales de la terapia, lo que implica que la TARGA podría ejercer un rol en el daño tisular hepático.
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99986
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Chavalit T, Nimsamer P, Sirivassanametha K, Anuntakarun S, Saengchoowong S, Tangkijvanich P, Payungporn S. Hepatitis B Virus-Encoded MicroRNA (HBV-miR-3) Regulates Host Gene PPM1A Related to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Microrna 2021; 9:232-239. [PMID: 31686644 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666191104105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a liver infection disease caused by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) that can become chronic and develop into hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV was classified as a double-stranded DNA virus. Currently, there is a report showing that HBV virus-encoded miRNA called HBV-miR-3 controls the replication of HBV. However, the regulation of HBV-miR-3 in host cells remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the regulation of HBV-miR-3 in host gene target which is related to chronic HBV infection and HCC process. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the read count of HBV-miR-3 from next-generation sequencing of chronic hepatitis patients in Pegylated interferon alpha-2a (PEG-IFN-α-2a) treatment. To understand the regulation of HBV-miR-3 in host cells, the HBV-miR-3 recognition sites were predicted in host target genes using miRDB. The effect of HBV-miR-3 in host cells was examined using qPCR and 3' UTR dual luciferase assay. RESULTS The read count of HBV-miR-3 was found in chronic hepatitis patients before treatment. Moreover, the decrease of HBV-miR-3 was correlated with response group of chronic hepatitis patients after treatment. On the other hand, the abundance of HBV-miR-3 showed no difference in nonresponse group of chronic patients after PEG-IFN-α-2a treatment. To study the role of HBV-miR-3 in patients, four HBV-miR-3 target regions from Protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) and DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1) were identified in the human genome using miRDB. Interestingly, we found that HBV-miR-3 hybridized with PPM1A mRNA. The mRNA expression from RT-qPCR showed no difference between HepG2 transfected with pSilencer_scramble or pSilencer_HBV-miR-3. However, the reporter assay showed that PPM1A mRNA was suppressed by HBV-miR-3. The protein expression of PPM1A showed a decrease in cells overexpressing HBV-miR-3. Finally, the HBV-miR-3 can promote cell proliferation in cells overexpressing HBV-miR-3. CONCLUSION This study is the first report showed the HBV encoded miRNA can regulate host gene expression. HBV-miR-3 silenced PPM1A by inhibiting the translation process of PPM1A. The downregulation of PPM1A promotes cell proliferation related to HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanit Chavalit
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Nimsamer
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsada Sirivassanametha
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Songtham Anuntakarun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suthat Saengchoowong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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99987
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Sumarsono A, Wang J, Xie L, Chiang GC, Tielleman T, Messiah SE, Singal AG, Mufti A, Chen C, Leveno M. Prognostic Value of Hypochloremia in Critically Ill Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis. Crit Care Med 2020; 48:e1054-61. [PMID: 32947468 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cirrhosis is frequently complicated by electrolyte disturbances, with prior studies primarily focused on the importance of hyponatremia. Emerging evidence on patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease has identified hypochloremia as an independent predictor for mortality. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum chloride and its association with mortality in cirrhotic patients. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING The medical ICU at Parkland Memorial Hospital, a tertiary care public health system in Dallas, Texas. PATIENTS Adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of decompensated cirrhosis who were admitted to the ICU between March 2015 and March 2017. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratio models were performed to determine the impact of hypochloremia on 180-day mortality. Of the 389 enrolled patients, 133 (34.2%) died within 180 days of ICU admission. Patients with hypochloremia had higher 180-day mortality than those with normochloremia (45.2% vs 26.7%; p < 0.0001). Cumulative survival via the Kaplan-Meier method was significantly lower in the hypochloremic group. Serum chloride was independently associated with 180-day mortality with multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98; p = 0.001) or after adjusting for Model for End-stage Liver Disease or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Contrarily, the inverse association between serum sodium and mortality no longer existed in all multivariable models. CONCLUSIONS Serum chloride is independently and inversely associated with short-term mortality in critically ill cirrhotic patients. Hypochloremia, but not hyponatremia, remained associated with mortality with multivariable analyses, suggesting that hypochloremia may account for the mortality risk previously attributed to hyponatremia. These findings signify the prognostic value of serum chloride and potential inclusion of chloride into future cirrhosis prognostic scores.
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99988
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Almatroodi SA, Syed MA, Rahmani AH. Potential Therapeutic Targets of Curcumin, Most Abundant Active Compound of Turmeric Spice: Role in the Management of Various Types of Cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:3-29. [PMID: 33143616 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815999201102214602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, an active compound of turmeric spice, is one of the most-studied natural compounds and has been widely recognized as a chemopreventive agent. Several molecular mechanisms have proven that curcumin and its analogs play a role in cancer prevention through modulating various cell signaling pathways as well as in the inhibition of the carcinogenesis process. OBJECTIVE To study the potential role of curcumin in the management of various types of cancer through modulating cell signalling molecules based on available literature and recent patents. METHODS A wide-ranging literature survey was performed based on Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google scholar for the implication of curcumin in cancer management, along with a special emphasis on human clinical trials. Moreover, patents were searched through www.google.com/patents, www.freepatentsonline.com, and www.freshpatents.com. RESULT Recent studies based on cancer cells have proven that curcumin has potential effects against cancer cells as it prevents the growth of cancer and acts as a cancer therapeutic agent. Besides, curcumin exerted anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis, activating tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle arrest, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, initiation, promotion, and progression stages of tumor. It was established that co-treatment of curcumin and anti-cancer drugs could induce apoptosis and also play a significant role in the suppression of the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. CONCLUSION Accumulating evidences suggest that curcumin has the potential to inhibit cancer growth, induce apoptosis, and modulate various cell signaling pathway molecules. Well-designed clinical trials of curcumin based on human subjects are still needed to establish the bioavailability, mechanism of action, efficacy, and safe dose in the management of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Translational Research Lab, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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99989
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Ukegjini K, Vetter D, Fehr R, Dirr V, Gubler C, Gutschow CA. Functional syndromes and symptom-orientated aftercare after esophagectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021. [PMID: 34036407 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the cornerstone of esophageal cancer treatment but remains burdened with significant postoperative changes of gastrointestinal function and quality of life. PURPOSE The aim of this narrative review is to assess and summarize the current knowledge on postoperative functional syndromes and quality of life after esophagectomy for cancer, and to provide orientation for the reader in the challenging field of functional aftercare. CONCLUSIONS Post-esophagectomy syndromes include various conditions such as dysphagia, reflux, delayed gastric emptying, dumping syndrome, weight loss, and chronic diarrhea. Clinical pictures and individual expressions are highly variable and may be extremely distressing for those affected. Therefore, in addition to a mostly well-coordinated oncological follow-up, we strongly emphasize the need for regular monitoring of physical well-being and gastrointestinal function. The prerequisite for an effective functional aftercare covering the whole spectrum of postoperative syndromes is a comprehensive knowledge of the pathophysiological background. As functional conditions often require a complex diagnostic workup and long-term therapy, close interdisciplinary cooperation with radiologists, gastroenterologists, oncologists, and specialized nutritional counseling is imperative for successful management.
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99990
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Hammad A, Zheng ZH, Namani A, Elshaer M, Wang XJ, Tang X. Transcriptome analysis of potential candidate genes and molecular pathways in colitis-associated colorectal cancer of Mkp-1-deficient mice. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:607. [PMID: 34034704 PMCID: PMC8152130 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear phosphatase mitogen-activate protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a key negative regulator of the innate immune response through the regulation of the biosynthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. In colorectal cancer (CRC), which is induced mainly by chronic inflammation, Mkp-1 overexpression was found in addition to disturbances in Mkp-1 functions, which may play a role in cancer development in different types of tumors. However, the potential molecular mechanisms by which Mkp-1 influences CRC development is not clear. Here, we performed global gene expression profiling of Mkp-1 KO mice using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to explore the role of Mkp-1 in CRC progression using transcriptome analysis. METHODS Azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) mouse models were used to examine the most dramatic molecular and signaling changes that occur during different phases of CRC development in wild-type mice and Mkp-1 KO mice. Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were used to elucidate the molecular processes regulated by Mkp-1. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functionally analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Enrichment of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. RESULTS Persistent DEGs were different in adenoma and carcinoma stage (238 & 251, respectively) and in WT and MKp-1 KO mice (221& 196, respectively). Mkp-1 KO modulated key molecular processes typically activated in cancer, in particular, cell adhesion, ion transport, extracellular matrix organization, response to drug, response to hypoxia, and response to toxic substance. It was obvious that these pathways are closely associated with cancer development and metastasis. From the PPI network analyses, nine hub genes associated with CRC were identified. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MKp-1 and its hub genes may play a critical role in cancer development, prognosis, and determining treatment outcomes. We provide clues to build a potential link between Mkp-1 and colitis-associated tumorigenesis and identify areas requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Akhileshwar Namani
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Present address: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, GITAM, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Mohamed Elshaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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99991
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Song Y, Kim S, Heo J, Shum D, Lee SY, Lee M, Kim AR, Seo HR. Identification of hepatic fibrosis inhibitors through morphometry analysis of a hepatic multicellular spheroids model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10931. [PMID: 34035369 PMCID: PMC8149639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronic, local inflammatory milieu can cause tissue fibrosis that results in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), increased abundance of fibroblasts, and further acceleration of fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms and inhibitors of fibrosis using 3D model-based phenotypic screening. We established liver fibrosis models using multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) composed of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and stromal cells such as fibroblasts (WI38), hepatic stellate cells (LX2), and endothelial cells (HUVEC) seeded at constant ratios. Through high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs, we identified retinoic acid and forskolin as candidates to attenuate the compactness of MCTSs as well as inhibit the expression of ECM-related proteins. Additionally, retinoic acid and forskolin induced reprogramming of fibroblast and cancer stem cells in the HCC microenvironment. Of interest, retinoic acid and forskolin had anti-fibrosis effects by decreasing expression of α-SMA and F-actin in LX2 cells and HUVEC cells. Moreover, when sorafenib was added along with retinoic acid and forskolin, apoptosis was increased, suggesting that anti-fibrosis drugs may improve tissue penetration to support the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. Collectively, these findings support the potential utility of morphometric analyses of hepatic multicellular spheroid models in the development of new drugs with novel mechanisms for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhwa Song
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyeong Heo
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - David Shum
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Deajeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ram Kim
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Seo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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99992
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Marano L, Fusario D, Savelli V, Marrelli D, Roviello F. Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Updates Surg 2021. [PMID: 34031848 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-021-01059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An umbrella review was performed to summarize literature data and to investigate benefits and harm of robotic gastrectomy (RG) compared to laparoscopic (LG) approach. To overcome the intrinsic limitations of laparoscopy, the robotic approach is claimed to facilitate lymph-node dissection and complex reconstruction after gastrectomy, to assure oncologic safety also in advanced gastric cancer. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases for all meta-analyses published up to December 2019. The search strategy was previously published in a protocol. We selected fourteen meta-analyses comparing outcomes between LG and RG with curative intent in patients with diagnosis of resectable gastric cancer. We highlight that RG has a longer operation time, inferior blood loss, reduction in hospital stay and a more rapid recovery of bowel function. In meta-analyses with statistical significance the number of nodes removed in RG is higher than LG and the distal margin of resection is higher. There is no difference in terms of total complication rate, mortality, morbidity, anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, intestinal obstruction and in conversion rate to open technique. The safety and efficacy of robotic gastrectomy are not clearly supported by strong evidence, suggesting that the outcomes reported for each surgical technique need to be interpreted with caution, in particular for the meta-analyses in which the heterogeneity is large. Certainly, robotic gastrectomy is associated with shorter time to oral intake, lesser intraoperative bleeding and longer operation time with an acceptable level of evidence. On the other hand, the data regarding other outcomes are insufficient as well as non-significant, from an evidence point of view, to draw any robust conclusion.
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99993
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Alghamdi MA, Redwan EM. Interplay of Microbiota and Citrullination in the Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:99-113. [PMID: 34036479 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota is a balanced ecosystem that has important functions to the host health including development, defense, digestion, and absorption of dietary fibers and minerals, vitamin synthesizes, protection, and training the host immune system. On the other hand, its dysbiosis is linked to many human diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The RA is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors; microbiota may be considered as a risk environmental factor for it. Citrullination is a post-translation modification (PMT) that converts the amino acid arginine to amino acid citrulline in certain proteins. These citrullinated proteins are recognized as a foreign antigen by the immune system resulting in the upregulation of inflammatory action such as in RA. The current work highlights the effect of both gut and oral microbiota dysbiosis on the development of RA, as well as discusses how the alteration in microbiota composition leads to the overgrowth of some bacterial species that entangled in RA pathogenicity. The evidence suggested that some oral and gut microbial species such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella copri, respectively, contribute to RA pathogenesis. During dysbiosis, these bacteria can mediate the citrullination of either human or bacteria proteins to trigger an immune response that leads to the generation of autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Alghamdi
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory Department, University Medical Services Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. .,Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
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99994
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Yang C, Chen SJ, Chen BW, Zhang KW, Zhang JJ, Xiao R, Li PG. Gene Expression Profile of the Human Colorectal Carcinoma LoVo Cells Treated With Sporamin and Thapsigargin. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621462. [PMID: 34113558 PMCID: PMC8185278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporamin, a proteinase inhibitor isolated from the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), has shown promising anticancer effect against colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and in vivo but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In the present study, high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was applied to explore the transcriptomic changes induced by sporamin in the presence of thapsigargin (TG), a non-12-O-tetradecanolphorbol-13-acetate type cancer promoter, in the LoVo human CRC cells. Cellular total RNA was extracted from the cells after they were treated with vehicle (CTL), 1 μM of thapsigargin (TG), or 1 μM of TG plus 30 μM of sporamin (TGSP) for 24 h. The migratory capacity of the cells was determined by wound healing assay. The gene expression profiles of the cells were determined by RNA-seq on an Illumina platform. GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and transcription factors (TF) prediction were all performed based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across groups with a series of bioinformatics tools. Finally, the effect and potential molecular targets of the sporamin at the transcriptome level were evaluated. Sporamin significantly inhibited the migration of cells induced by TG. Among the 17915 genes detected in RNA-seq, 46 DEGs were attributable to the effect of sporamin. RT-PCR experiment validated that the expression of RGPD2, SULT1A3, and BIVM-ERCC5 were up-regulated while NYP4R, FOXN1, PAK6, and CEACAM20 were down-regulated. Sporamin enhanced the mineral absorption pathway, worm longevity regulating pathway, and pyrimidine metabolism pathway. Two TFs (SMIM11A and ATOH8) were down-regulated by sporamin. HMOX1 (up-regulated) and NME1-NME2 (down-regulated) were the main nodes in a PPI network consisting of 16 DEGs that were modulated by sporamin in the presence of TG. Sporamin could favorably alter the gene expression profile of CRC cells, up-regulating the genes that contribute to the homeostasis of intracellular metal ions and the activities of essential enzymes and DNA damage repairment. More studies are warranted to verify its effect on specific genes and delineate the mechanism of action implicated in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University (CMU), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, CMU, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, CMU, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University (CMU), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, CMU, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, CMU, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Wen Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University (CMU), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, CMU, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, CMU, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Wen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University (CMU), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, CMU, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, CMU, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University (CMU), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, CMU, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, CMU, Beijing, China.,National Center for Child Nutriment Quality Supervision and Testing, China National Children's Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University (CMU), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, CMU, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, CMU, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Gao Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University (CMU), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, CMU, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, CMU, Beijing, China
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99995
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Abstract
Patient: Male, 14-year-old Final Diagnosis: Pott’s puffy tumor Symptoms: Face swelling Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Gastroenterology and Hepatology • Infectious Diseases • Otolaryngology • Pediatrics and Neonatology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Miri
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alice I Sato
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pediatrics Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ryan K Sewell
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrew Huang-Pacheco
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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99996
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Abstract
A wide variety of pathological anomalies may occur in the liver, biliary system, and pancreas. It is a necessity to use many different imaging techniques in order to distinguish such varied pathologies, especially those from malignant processes. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is an imaging method that has proven its diagnostic value in oncology and can be used for different clinical purposes. Fluoro-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose has a wide range of uses as a dominant radiopharmaceutical in routine molecular imaging, however, molecular imaging has started to play a more important role in personalized cancer treatment in recent years with new Fluoro-18 and Gallium-68 labeled tracers. Although molecular imaging has a strong diagnostic effect, the surprises and pitfalls of molecular imaging can lead us to unexpected and misleading results. Prior to PET/CT analysis and reporting, information about possible technical and physiological pitfalls, normal histological features of tissues, inflammatory pathologies, specific clinical features of the case, treatment-related complications and past treatments should be evaluated in advance to avoid misinterpretation. In this review, the physiological and pathophysiological variants as well as pitfalls encountered in PET/CT imaging of the liver, biliary tract, gallbladder, and pancreas will be examined. Other benign and malignant pathologies that have been reported to date and that have led to incorrect evaluation will be listed. It is expected that the devices, software, and artificial intelligence applications that will be developed in the near future will enable much more effective and faster imaging that will reduce the potential causes of error. However, as a result of the dynamic and evolving structure of the information obtained by molecular imaging, the inclusion of the newly developed radiopharmaceuticals in routine practice will continue to carry new potentials as well as new troubles. Although molecular imaging will be the flagship of diagnostic oncology in the 21st century, the correct analysis and interpretation by the physician will continue to form the basis of achieving optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Arslan
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health and Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tevfik Fikret Çermik
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health and Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
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99997
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Ishikawa C, Barbieri MA, Bettiol H, Bazo G, Ferraro AA, Vianna EO. Comparison of body composition parameters in the study of the association between body composition and pulmonary function. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:178. [PMID: 34034727 PMCID: PMC8146631 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The excess adiposity, even in the absence of diseases, is responsible for a decline in pulmonary function, which is considered a predictor of mortality and a risk factor for diseases in several epidemiological studies. However, studies on the association between obesity and pulmonary function have found only few associations or inconclusive results. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between body composition and spirometric parameters, comparing simple obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference with more precise body composition measurements such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air-displacement plethysmography (BOD POD). Methods This is an observational, cross-sectional study that used data from the 1978/79 Ribeirão Preto birth cohort (São Paulo, Brazil). The study included 1746 participants from the 5th follow-up of the cohort. Linear regressions were calculated to evaluate the association between BMI, waist circumference, waist–height ratio (WHtR), BOD POD- and DXA-measured fat mass percentage, and spirometric parameters FEV1, and FVC. Results For every 1-kg/m2 BMI increase, FVC decreased by 13 ml in males and by 6 ml in females and FEV1 decreased by 11 ml and 5 ml, respectively. Regarding body composition measurements, for a 1% increase in fat mass assessed by BOD POD, FVC decreased by 16 ml in males and by 8 ml in females and FEV1 decreased by 13 ml and 7 ml, respectively. Hence, negative associations between body measurements and FEV1 and FVC were observed in both genders, especially when using the fat mass measurement and were more expressive in men. Conclusion The anthropometric and body composition parameters were negatively associated with the spirometric variables FVC and FEV1. We have also observed that simple measures such as waist-height ratio were sufficient to detect the association of body composition with pulmonary function reduction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01543-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Ishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Barbieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bazo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Ferraro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elcio Oliveira Vianna
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14048-900, Brazil.
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99998
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Lucantoni F, Martínez-Cerezuela A, Gruevska A, Moragrega ÁB, Víctor VM, Esplugues JV, Blas-García A, Apostolova N. Understanding the implication of autophagy in the activation of hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrosis: are we there yet? J Pathol 2021; 254:216-228. [PMID: 33834482 DOI: 10.1002/path.5678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) occurs as a result of persistent liver injury and can be defined as a pathologic, chronic, wound-healing process in which functional parenchyma is progressively replaced by fibrotic tissue. As a phenomenon involved in the majority of chronic liver diseases, and therefore prevalent, it exerts a significant impact on public health. This impact becomes even more patent given the lack of a specific pharmacological therapy, with LF only being ameliorated or prevented through the use of agents that alleviate the underlying causes. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are fundamental mediators of LF, which, activated in response to pro-fibrotic stimuli, transdifferentiate from a quiescent phenotype into myofibroblasts that deposit large amounts of fibrotic tissue and mediate pro-inflammatory effects. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to understanding the mechanisms through which HSCs are activated or inactivated. Using cell culture and/or different animal models, numerous studies have shown that autophagy is enhanced during the fibrogenic process and have provided specific evidence to pinpoint the fundamental role of autophagy in HSC activation. This effect involves - though may not be limited to - the autophagic degradation of lipid droplets. Several hepatoprotective agents have been shown to reverse the autophagic alteration present in LF, but clinical confirmation of these effects is pending. On the other hand, there is evidence that implicates autophagy in several anti-fibrotic mechanisms in HSCs that stimulate HSC cell cycle arrest and cell death or prevent the generation of pro-fibrotic mediators, including excess collagen accumulation. The objective of this review is to offer a comprehensive analysis of published evidence of the role of autophagy in HSC activation and to provide hints for possible therapeutic targets for the treatment and/or prevention of LF related to autophagy. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lucantoni
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO - Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Aleksandra Gruevska
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO - Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela B Moragrega
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO - Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- FISABIO - Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan V Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO - Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blas-García
- FISABIO - Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO - Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
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Won G, Choi SI, Kang CH, Kim GH. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG4296 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG5012 Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Palmitic Acid-Induced HepG2 Cells and High Fat Diet-Induced Mice. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1139. [PMID: 34070604 PMCID: PMC8228052 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG4296 (MG4296) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG5012 (MG5012) on insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes-related metabolic changes in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat diet-induced mice. In vitro, cell-free extracts of MG4296 and MG5012 alleviated IR by increasing glucose uptake and glycogen content in PA-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. In vivo, MG4296 and MG5012 supplementation markedly decreased body weight and glucose tolerance. Administration of both strains also improved serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, triglyceride, LDL/HDL ratio, and homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Histopathological analysis of liver tissue demonstrated a significant reduction in lipid accumulation and glycogen content. Moreover, MG4296 and MG5012 treatment enhanced phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) expression in the liver. Overall, MG4296 and MG5012 could prevent HFD-induced glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia by improving IR. Therefore, L. plantarum MG4296 and L. paracasei MG5012 could be useful as new probiotics candidates to improve T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayeong Won
- Department of Health Functional New Materials, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea;
| | - Soo-Im Choi
- Department of Health Functional New Materials, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea;
| | | | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole is a good pharmacophore nucleus due to its various pharmaceutical applications. Its derivatives have a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial including antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiallergic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic. Indeed, the thiazole scaffold is contained in more than 18 FDA-approved drugs as well as in numerous experimental drugs. OBJECTIVE To summarize recent literature on the biological activities of thiazole ring-containing compounds Methods: A literature survey regarding the topics from the year 2015 up to now was carried out. Older publications were not included, since they were previously analyzed in available peer reviews. RESULTS Nearly 124 research articles were found, critically analyzed, and arranged regarding the synthesis and biological activities of thiazoles derivatives in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.F.)
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