99951
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Al-Hakkak SMM, Al-Wadees AAN, Mijbas SAR, MuhammadMuhammad AS. Loose Thick Seton Suture Stimulates Rapid Healing and Lower Recurrence Rate in the Treatment of High Type Fistula in Ano. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fistula in ano is a chronic problem for the patients. It causes distressing because of foul odor and soiling with recurrent infection and discharge. Recurrence and anal sphincter injury were the most critical complications following surgery. Loose, thick seton placement was the most promising surgical operation.
AIM: To reduce the time of seton placement, therefore, decreasing the suffering of patients from soiling and multiple dressing.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study, one hundred patients with high type fistula in ano treated surgically in Al-Sader Medical city and Al-Najaf daily private clinic, Najaf city, Iraq, from February 2018 to March 2019. Fistulography and magnetic resonance imaging have taken from all patients. After that, fistulectomy with loose, thick seton suture placed for 3 months. Patients with the persistence of high fistula tract underwent a second surgery and third operation until complete healing.
RESULTS: One hundred patients with high type fistula in ano with male 96 (96%) and female patients were 4 (4%). The rate of complete healing among male patients after the first operation was 90 (93%), while female patients showed a 4 (100%) rate of complete healing after the first operation. Three of the remaining male patients with persistently high fistula tract showed complete healing after the second operation, whereas 3 (3%) the rate of complete healing was 100% after the third operation.
CONCLUSION: A loose, thick seton placed in high type fistula tract for 3 months provides excellent protection to the external anal sphincter with less recurrence rate and rapid healing.
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99952
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Doğan T, Atas H, Joshi V, Atakan A, Rifaioglu A, Nalbat E, Nightingale A, Saidi R, Volynkin V, Zellner H, Cetin-Atalay R, Martin M, Atalay V. CROssBAR: comprehensive resource of biomedical relations with knowledge graph representations. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e96. [PMID: 34181736 PMCID: PMC8450100 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic analysis of available large-scale biological/biomedical data is critical for studying biological mechanisms, and developing novel and effective treatment approaches against diseases. However, different layers of the available data are produced using different technologies and scattered across individual computational resources without any explicit connections to each other, which hinders extensive and integrative multi-omics-based analysis. We aimed to address this issue by developing a new data integration/representation methodology and its application by constructing a biological data resource. CROssBAR is a comprehensive system that integrates large-scale biological/biomedical data from various resources and stores them in a NoSQL database. CROssBAR is enriched with the deep-learning-based prediction of relationships between numerous data entries, which is followed by the rigorous analysis of the enriched data to obtain biologically meaningful modules. These complex sets of entities and relationships are displayed to users via easy-to-interpret, interactive knowledge graphs within an open-access service. CROssBAR knowledge graphs incorporate relevant genes-proteins, molecular interactions, pathways, phenotypes, diseases, as well as known/predicted drugs and bioactive compounds, and they are constructed on-the-fly based on simple non-programmatic user queries. These intensely processed heterogeneous networks are expected to aid systems-level research, especially to infer biological mechanisms in relation to genes, proteins, their ligands, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunca Doğan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Informatics, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL–EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Heval Atas
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Vishal Joshi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL–EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ahmet Atakan
- Department of Computer Engineering, METU, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Computer Engineering, EBYU, Erzincan 24002, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sureyya Rifaioglu
- Department of Computer Engineering, METU, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Computer Engineering, İskenderun Technical University, Hatay 31200, Turkey
| | - Esra Nalbat
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Andrew Nightingale
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL–EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Rabie Saidi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL–EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Vladimir Volynkin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL–EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Hermann Zellner
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL–EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Rengul Cetin-Atalay
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maria Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL–EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Volkan Atalay
- Department of Computer Engineering, METU, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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99953
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Sodeifian F, Seyedalhosseini ZS, Kian N, Eftekhari M, Najari S, Mirsaeidi M, Farsi Y, Nasiri MJ. Drug-Induced Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:731436. [PMID: 34616757 PMCID: PMC8488138 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.731436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The severity of COVID-19 may be correlated with the risk of liver injury development. An increasing number of studies indicate that degrees of hepatotoxicity has been associated with using some medications in the management of COVID-19 patients. However, limited studies had systematically investigated the evidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in COVID-19 patients. Thus, this study aimed to examine DILI in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to December 30, 2020. Search items included "SARS-CoV-2", "Coronavirus," COVID-19, and liver injury. Results: We included 22 related articles. Among included studies, there was five case report, five case series, four randomizes control trial (RCT), seven cohort studies, and one cross-sectional study. The drugs included in this systematic review were remdesivir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir. Among included studies, some studies revealed a direct role of drugs, while others couldn't certainly confirm that the liver injury was due to SARS-CoV-2 itself or administration of medications. However, a significant number of studies reported that liver injury could be attributable to drug administration. Discussion: Liver injury in COVID-19 patients could be caused by the virus itself or the administration of some types of drug. Intensive liver function monitoring should be considered for patients, especially patients who are treated with drugs such as remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and tocilizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sodeifian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Seyedalhosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Kian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Eftekhari
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Najari
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yeganeh Farsi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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99954
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Armstrong N, Büyükkaramikli N, Penton H, Riemsma R, Wetzelaer P, Huertas Carrera V, Swift S, Drachen T, Raatz H, Ryder S, Shah D, Buksnys T, Worthy G, Duffy S, Al M, Kleijnen J. Avatrombopag and lusutrombopag for thrombocytopenia in people with chronic liver disease needing an elective procedure: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess 2021; 24:1-220. [PMID: 33108266 DOI: 10.3310/hta24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been no licensed treatment options in the UK for treating thrombocytopenia in people with chronic liver disease requiring surgery. Established management largely involves platelet transfusion prior to the procedure or as rescue therapy for bleeding due to the procedure. OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of two thrombopoietin receptor agonists, avatrombopag (Doptelet®; Dova Pharmaceuticals, Durham, NC, USA) and lusutrombopag (Mulpleta®; Shionogi Inc., London, UK), in addition to established clinical management compared with established clinical management (no thrombopoietin receptor agonist) in the licensed populations. DESIGN Systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. SETTING Secondary care. PARTICIPANTS Severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count of < 50,000/µl) in people with chronic liver disease requiring surgery. INTERVENTIONS Lusutrombopag 3 mg and avatrombopag (60 mg if the baseline platelet count is < 40,000/µl and 40 mg if it is 40,000-< 50,000/µl). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of platelet transfusion and rescue therapy or risk of rescue therapy only. REVIEW METHODS Systematic review including meta-analysis. English-language and non-English-language articles were obtained from several databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, all searched from inception to 29 May 2019. ECONOMIC EVALUATION Model-based cost-effectiveness analysis. RESULTS From a comprehensive search retrieving 11,305 records, six studies were included. Analysis showed that avatrombopag and lusutrombopag were superior to no thrombopoietin receptor agonist in avoiding both platelet transfusion and rescue therapy or rescue therapy only, and mostly with a statistically significant difference (i.e. 95% confidence intervals not overlapping the point of no difference). However, only avatrombopag seemed to be superior to no thrombopoietin receptor agonist in reducing the risk of rescue therapy, although far fewer patients in the lusutrombopag trials than in the avatrombopag trials received rescue therapy. When assessing the cost-effectiveness of lusutrombopag and avatrombopag, it was found that, despite the success of these in avoiding platelet transfusions prior to surgery, the additional long-term gain in quality-adjusted life-years was very small. No thrombopoietin receptor agonist was clearly cheaper than both lusutrombopag and avatrombopag, as the cost savings from avoiding platelet transfusions were more than offset by the drug cost. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that, for all thresholds below £100,000, no thrombopoietin receptor agonist had 100% probability of being cost-effective. LIMITATIONS Some of the rescue therapy data for lusutrombopag were not available. There were inconsistencies in the avatrombopag data. From the cost-effectiveness point of view, there were several additional important gaps in the evidence required, including the lack of a price for avatrombopag. CONCLUSIONS Avatrombopag and lusutrombopag were superior to no thrombopoietin receptor agonist in avoiding both platelet transfusion and rescue therapy, but they were not cost-effective given the lack of benefit and increase in cost. FUTURE WORK A head-to-head trial is warranted. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42019125311. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 51. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasuh Büyükkaramikli
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Penton
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pim Wetzelaer
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maiwenn Al
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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99955
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Eshwaran R, Kolibabka M, Poschet G, Jainta G, Zhao D, Teuma L, Murillo K, Hammes HP, Schmidt M, Wieland T, Feng Y. Glucosamine protects against neuronal but not vascular damage in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101333. [PMID: 34506973 PMCID: PMC8479835 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Glucosamine, an intermetabolite of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), is a widely used nutritional supplement in osteoarthritis patients, a subset of whom also suffer from diabetes. HBP is activated in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of this study is to investigate the yet unclear effects of glucosamine on DR. Methods In this study, we tested the effect of glucosamine on vascular and neuronal pathology in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced DR in vivo and on cultured endothelial and Müller cells to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action in vitro. Results Glucosamine did not alter the blood glucose or HbA1c levels in the animals, but induced body weight gain in the non-diabetic animals. Interestingly, the impaired neuronal function in diabetic animals could be prevented by glucosamine treatment. Correspondingly, the activation of Müller cells was prevented in the retina as well as in cell culture. Conversely, glucosamine administration in the normal retina damaged the retinal vasculature by increasing pericyte loss and acellular capillary formation, likely by interfering with endothelial survival signals as seen in vitro in cultured endothelial cells. Nevertheless, under diabetic conditions, no further increase in the detrimental effects were observed. Conclusions In conclusion, the effects of glucosamine supplementation in the retina appear to be a double-edged sword: neuronal protection in the diabetic retina and vascular damage in the normal retina. Thus, glucosamine supplementation in osteoarthritis patients with or without diabetes should be taken with care. The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) is activated in diabetic retinopathy (DR), which manifests as vascular and neuronal damage in the retina. Glucosamine, metabolized in the HBP, is a widely used oral supplement for osteoarthritis treatment. Glucosamine supplementation improved neuronal function in retinas of mice with experimental DR, but induced vascular damage in normal retinas. Müller cell activation and endothelial survival signals in the retina were affected by glucosamine. Patients with or without diabetes should take caution with glucosamine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Eshwaran
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kolibabka
- 5th Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Gregor Jainta
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Di Zhao
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Loic Teuma
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Katharina Murillo
- 5th Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Martina Schmidt
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, 9713AV, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Yuxi Feng
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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99956
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Hsu CS, Kao JH. Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with sarcopenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:221-233. [PMID: 34541964 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1978978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia usually occurs with aging, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary habits, and chronic disorders pathophysiologically and bi-directionally linked to obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Because of the global increase in aging and obesity populations, patients with concomitant sarcopenia and NAFLD are common, accompanied by various disorders relevant to obesity and sarcopenia, with across-the-board impact on socio-economic and public health life worldwide. Therefore, developing effective and practical management of these patients has become a pressing clinical issue. AREAS COVERED The authors searched literature from PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE up until Feb 2020. Emerging data on the management of sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were examined and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Although NAFLD in patients with sarcopenia has become a critical problem worldwide, we still don't know much about the management of such patients. Based on theoretical speculations, we can recommend lifestyle intervention, including diet control with adequate protein intake, exercise intervention, and weight reduction as the mainstay of management at the first stage. More studies are needed in the future to identify the most suitable treatment and solve this important problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Sheng Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Taiwan, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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99957
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Liu Y, Alnababtah K, Cook S, Yu Y. Healthcare providers' perception of faecal microbiota transplantation with clostridium difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease: a quantitative systematic review. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211042679. [PMID: 34567271 PMCID: PMC8460966 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211042679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are global gastroenterological diseases that cause considerable burden on human health, healthcare systems, and society. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection (rCDI) and a promising therapy for IBD. However, indication for FMT in IBD is still unofficial. Consequently, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is seeking healthcare providers' advice on whether to update FMT guidelines. METHODS A systematic review methodology was adopted for this study. Five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science) and grey literature were systematically searched for English language literature to 14 May 2021. The quality of the included studies was then appraised using the Institute for Public Health Sciences cross-sectional studies tool, after which the findings of the studies were narratively synthesised. RESULTS Thirteen cross-sectional studies with 4110 validated questionnaire responses were included. Narrative synthesis found that 39.43% of respondents were familiar with FMT (N = 3746, 95%CI = 37.87%-41%), 58.81% of respondents would recommend FMT to their patients (N = 1141, 95%CI = 55.95%-61.67%), 66.67% of respondents considered lack of clinical evidence was the greatest concern regarding FMT (N = 1941, 95%CI = 64.57%-68.77%), and 40.43% respondents would not implement FMT due to concerns about infection transmission (N = 1128, 95%CI = 37.57%-43.29%). CONCLUSION Healthcare providers' knowledge of FMT is relatively low and education is an effective strategy to improve it. As knowledge of FMT increases, willingness to recommend it also increases. Strengthening FMT clinical efficacy and reducing infection can enhance its public acceptance, application and popularity. However, further research is required to explore the donor screening procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Liu
- Department of Nursing, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kal Alnababtah
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Cook
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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99958
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Wu Y, Yuan W, Ding H, Wu X. Serum exosomal miRNA from endometriosis patients correlates with disease severity. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:117-127. [PMID: 34542679 PMCID: PMC8782809 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Exosomes are vesicles secreted by cells that contain a wide variety of biomolecules, including proteins or nucleic acids. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are commonly found in exosomes, are known to play important roles in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Methods This study investigated the miRNA expression profile of serum exosomes from women with endometriosis in comparison with normal controls as well as the possible role of identified miRNAs in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Exosomes with a diameter between 60 and 100 nm were identified by their expression of exosomal marker proteins CD9 and CD63. Results Microarray miRNA expression profiling analysis revealed that 26 genes were significantly up-regulated and 19 genes were significantly down-regulated in serum exosomes from endometriosis patients compared with normal controls. These differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly enriched in the regulation of cellular development, metabolism, and involved in the regulation of the MAPK and PI3k-Akt pathways. qRT-PCR analysis verified the differential expression of three miRNAs, miR-26b-5p, miR-215-5p, and miR-6795-3p. Conclusion Further analysis indicated that these differentially expressed miRNAs in serum exosomes may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and are related to the severity and certain symptoms of endometriosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00404-021-06227-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, 430011, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, 430011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, 430011, Hunan, China
| | - Xianqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, 430011, Hunan, China.
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99959
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Formica V, Sera F, Cremolini C, Riondino S, Morelli C, Arkenau HT, Roselli M. KRAS and BRAF Mutations in Stage II/III Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:517-527. [PMID: 34542636 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS and BRAF mutations are well-established predictive and prognostic factors in metastatic colorectal cancer, however their impact in the adjuvant setting has not yet been established. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of adjuvant phase III trials in patients with stage II and III colon cancer with available data on the impact of KRAS/BRAF mutations on both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Trials were subgrouped based on whether adjustment for microsatellite instability (MSI) was performed and the subgroup effect was analyzed through a meta-regression. To increase the precision of the estimates, a joint DFS/OS (so-called 'multivariate') meta-analysis was performed. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS Nine trials were selected (QUASAR 2, PETACC-8, N0147, CALGB-89803, NSABP-C07, NSABP-C08, PETACC-3, QUASAR, MOSAIC) including a total of 10893 patients. In the primary meta-analysis, KRAS mutation was associated with poor DFS (pooled HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15-1.61, P < .001) and OS (pooled HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.03-1.55, P = .03) and BRAF mutation was also associated with poor DFS (pooled HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.00-1.78, P = .05) and OS (pooled HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.31-1.70, P < .001). MSI adjustment enhanced the effect of the mutations on outcome in the MSI-adjusted subgroup for both the KRAS mutation (pooled HR for DFS = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.15-1.79, P = .001; and pooled HR for OS = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.03-1.71, P = .03) and the BRAF mutation (pooled HR for DFS = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.22-2.07, P = .001; and pooled HR for OS = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.37-2.04, P < .001). The interaction between BRAF and MSI adjustment was statistically significant for DFS (P interaction = 0.02). This interaction was even more pronounced in the DFS/OS multivariate meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Both KRAS and BRAF mutations were statistically significantly associated with both DFS and OS, with the mutation effect being enhanced by MSI adjustment. Effective adjuvant treatment for microsatellite stable BRAF or KRAS-mutated colon cancer represents an unmet clinical need and exploring the use of recently available BRAF and KRAS inhibitors in this setting would be highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Formica
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G Parenti, " University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Riondino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Morelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Roselli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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99960
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Silva Filho SE, Sandes CS, Vieira JE, Cavalcanti IL. Analgesic effect of magnesium sulfate during total intravenous anesthesia: randomized clinical study. Braz J Anesthesiol 2021; 71:550-557. [PMID: 34537125 PMCID: PMC9373246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objective : Opioids have usually been used as intraoperative analgesic components, regardless of the many adverse effects they are associated with, such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, and hyperalgesia. Several approaches have been investigated to reduce doses used, and magnesium sulfate has been shown to be a valuable analgesic adjunct. The main objective of the present trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate as the chief intraoperative analgesic, and the secondary objectives were to assess propofol consumption, postoperative analgesia, and intraoperative hemodynamic stability. Methods In this prospective, double-blind trial, 50 patients scheduled to undergo post-bariatric abdominoplasty under general intravenous anesthesia were divided into two groups, to receive remifentanil or magnesium sulfate as intraoperative analgesic. Fentanyl 1 µg kg-1 was the rescue analgesic. Results Among the patients in the group receiving Magnesium Sulfate (MSG), 64% did not need supplemental analgesia and none of the patients in the Remifentanil Group (RG) required fentanyl. MSG patients showed propofol consumption 36.6% higher (guided by the Bispectral Index – BIS). MSG patients consumed significantly less ephedrine (mean ± SD) than RG patients, respectively 1.52 ± 4.38 mg and 10 ± 10.39 mg, p < 0.001. Mean values of blood concentrations of magnesium were comparable to values previously described in the literature. Conclusion Magnesium sulfate is a safe and effective option for intraoperative analgesia, when avoiding or decreasing opioid use is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião E Silva Filho
- Hospital Santos Dumont, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Sociedade de Beneficência Portuguesa de Santos - ANGIOCORPORE, Programa de Residência em Anestesiologia, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Joaquim E Vieira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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99961
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Clairet CDMAV, De Aquino JLB, Clairet LM. Evaluation of the Serrated Lesions Detection Rate and Its Role as a Colonoscopy Quality Criteria. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the serrated lesion detection rate in colonoscopy at a specialized clinic and its role as quality criteria for endoscopic examination.
Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study with all patients that underwent colonoscopy between October 2018 and May 2019, performed by an experimented physician. A questionnaire was answered before the examination by the patient, and another questionnaire after the colonoscopy was answered by the medical team. All polyps identified were removed and sent to the same pathologist for analysis.
Results A total of 1,000 colonoscopies were evaluated. The average age of the patients was 58.9 years old, and most of them were female (60.6%). In 62.5% of the procedures, polyps were removed, obtaining a total of 1,730 polyps, of which 529 were serrated lesions, being 272 sessile serrated lesions (SSL). This data resulted in a serrated lesion detection rate (SDR) of 29.2%, and of 14% when considering only the SSL detection rate (SSLDR). The right colon had higher rates, with 22.3% SDR and 15.3% SSLDR. Screening colonoscopies also presented a higher serrated detection rate, of 20%, followed by diagnostics and follow-up exams. Smoking was the only risk factor associated with higher serrated detection rate.
Conclusions The serrated lesion detection rate is higher than the ones already previously suggested and the have the higher rates were stablished in the right colon and on screening exams.
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99962
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Mehta AM, Seshadri S, Verma S, Madhyastha SP. Essential thrombocythemia with portal vein thrombosis and splenic infarction successfully treated with platelet apheresis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e245267. [PMID: 34544722 PMCID: PMC8454430 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 63-year-old diabetic woman presented to the outpatient clinic with a 1-week history of abdominal pain. On complete evaluation, she was diagnosed to have essential thrombocythemia. Abdominal imaging revealed portal vein thrombosis with a large splenic infarct. The patient was started on anticoagulant, antiplatelet and cytoreductive therapy. In view of persistent high platelet count, plasma apheresis was done, following which the patient's platelet counts were reduced. Essential thrombocythemia has a high rate of complications, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Few cases of this disease and its treatment have been described in the literature, especially pertaining to the Indian scenario. Further studies are needed to establish a multidisciplinary algorithm for its diagnosis and to elucidate the guidelines for the successful treatment of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Mehul Mehta
- Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubha Seshadri
- Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Seemitr Verma
- Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharath P Madhyastha
- Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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99963
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Huang T, Li W, Song L. Observation on the effect of holistic nursing intervention in operating room and its effect on nursing quality and safety score in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 68:241-243. [PMID: 34542260 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Anesthesiology Operating Room, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China -
| | - Wei Li
- Anesthesiology Operating Room, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Song
- Anesthesiology Operating Room, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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99964
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Supruniuk E, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Branched chain amino acids-friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2559-2597. [PMID: 34542351 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1977910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and their derivatives are bioactive molecules with pleiotropic functions in the human body. Elevated fasting blood BCAA concentrations are considered as a metabolic hallmark of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, since increased BCAA amount is observed both in metabolically healthy and obese subjects, a question whether BCAA are mechanistic drivers of insulin resistance and its morbidities or only markers of metabolic dysregulation, still remains open. The beneficial effects of BCAA on body weight and composition, aerobic capacity, insulin secretion and sensitivity demand high catabolic potential toward amino acids and/or adequate BCAA intake. On the opposite, BCAA-related inhibition of lipogenesis and lipolysis enhancement may preclude impairment in insulin sensitivity. Thereby, the following review addresses various strategies pertaining to the modulation of BCAA catabolism and the possible roles of BCAA in energy homeostasis. We also aim to elucidate mechanisms behind the heterogeneity of ramifications associated with BCAA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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99965
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Zhong G, Wan F, Lan J, Jiang X, Wu S, Pan J, Tang Z, Hu L. Arsenic exposure induces intestinal barrier damage and consequent activation of gut-liver axis leading to inflammation and pyroptosis of liver in ducks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147780. [PMID: 34022569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an important hazardous metalloid commonly found in polluted soil, rivers and groundwater. However, few studies exist regarding the effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on the gut-liver axis and consequent hepatotoxicity in waterfowl. Here, we investigated the influence of ATO on duck intestines and livers, and explored the role of the gut-liver axis in ATO-induced hepatotoxicity and intestinal toxicity. Our results demonstrated that ATO-exposure induced intestinal damage, liver inflammatory cell infiltration and vesicle steatosis. Additionally, the intestinal microbiota community in ATO-exposed ducks displayed significantly decreased α-diversity and an altered bacterial composition. Moreover, ATO-exposure markedly reduced the expression of intestinal barrier-related proteins (Claudin-1, MUC2, ZO-1 and Occludin), resulting in increased intestinal permeability and elevated lipopolysaccharide levels. Simultaneously, ATO-exposure also upregulated pyroptosis-related index levels in the liver and jejunum, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-1β). Our further mechanistic studies showed that ATO-induced liver and jejunum inflammation were provoked by the activation of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. In summary, these results manifested that ATO exposure can cause liver and jejunal inflammation and pyroptosis, and the indirect gut-liver axis pathway may play an essential role in the potential mechanism of ATO-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Fang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Juan Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xuanxuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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99966
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Abstract
Cholecystectomy is one of the most common general surgery procedures performed worldwide. Complications include bile duct injury, strictures, bleeding, infection/abscess, retained gallstones, hernias, and postcholecystectomy syndrome. Obtaining a critical view of safety and following the other tenets of the Safe Cholecystectomy Task Force will aid in the prevention of bile duct injury and other morbidity associated with cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Chelsea Feng
- Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8635 W Third Street, West Medical Office Tower, Suite 795, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Edward Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8635 W Third Street, West Medical Office Tower, Suite 795, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Daniel Shouhed
- Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 459 North Croft Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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99967
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Schade DS, Gonzales K, Kaminsky N, Adolphe A, Shey L, Eaton RP. Resolving the Egg and Cholesterol Intake Controversy: New Clinical Insights Into Cholesterol Regulation by the Liver and Intestine. Endocr Pract 2021; 28:102-109. [PMID: 34547473 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death. Achieving American Heart Association low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol treatment goals is very difficult for many patients. The importance of a low cholesterol diet is controversial and not emphasized by most physicians. Of critical importance is determining whether each individual is a "hyper- or hypo-absorber" of dietary cholesterol. Furthermore, the quantity of each individual's baseline daily dietary cholesterol and saturated fat intake is important in assessing the effect of added egg yolk cholesterol and saturated fat on blood LDL cholesterol. METHODS Gut cholesterol is absorbed via a specific enteric receptor (the Niemann- Pick-like receptor). Dietary cholesterol contributes one fourth of the absorbed cholesterol, while the remaining gut cholesterol is derived from secreted bile cholesterol. This dietary quantity of cholesterol is significant when other determinants are constant. For some individuals, dietary cholesterol has no adverse effects and in others, a significant elevation in blood LDL cholesterol may occur. RESULTS There are no readily available blood tests to determine the effect of egg yolk cholesterol and saturated fat on an individual's plasma LDL cholesterol. However, a one month trial of a low cholesterol and saturated fat diet will provide the needed information to make clinical decisions. CONCLUSION This article delineates the mechanisms that are altered by genetic and environmental factors that determine the net effects of dietary cholesterol and saturated fat on circulating LDL cholesterol. It then makes a practical clinical recommendation based on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Schade
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Kristen Gonzales
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Neil Kaminsky
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Allen Adolphe
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lynda Shey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Diabetes Comprehensive Care Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Robert Philip Eaton
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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99968
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Langbrandtner J, Steimann G, Reichel C, Bokemeyer B, Hüppe A. [Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Challenges in the Workplace and Support for Coping with Disease]. REHABILITATION 2021; 61:97-106. [PMID: 34544161 DOI: 10.1055/a-1581-6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are often impaired in their ability to be employed due to IBD symptoms. The aim of this study was to explore work-related problems and support requested by IBD patients and develop rehabilitation programs meeting their needs. METHODS A total of 235 IBD patients (97 rehabilitants, 138 outpatients) completed a questionnaire assessing disease-specific impairments, work-related concerns and the need for support services. Subjective work disability was determined with the SPE scale. RESULTS Participants were on average 46 years old, 60% were women, 45% suffered from Crohn's disease and 67% worked full-time; 72% (n=170) had a negative subjective prognosis of gainful employment. Participants reported an average of 12 disease-specific and 22 work-related problems. About 50% of the participants reported disease-specific problems, namely fatigue (66%), weakness (55%) and urge to pass stool (55%). The three most common work-related problems affecting more than 50% of the respondents almost every day were reduced work ability (56%), worrying about not being fully efficient (55%) and stress at work (53%). Support services requested were counselling for information on the disease (91%), treatment options (88%), social law benefits (85%) and exercises to increase physical fitness (84%). CONCLUSION The wide range of work-related physical and psychosocial impairments affecting IBD patients reveals a need to extend current rehabilitation services, with a stronger occupational focus and to implement a standardized screening for work-related problems. Disease-specific support services can be developed and addressed in a multimodal and interdisciplinary setting such as the rehabilitation sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Langbrandtner
- Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck
| | | | - Christoph Reichel
- Reha-Zentrum Bad Brückenau, Klinik Hartwald, Bad Brückenau.,Institut für Hygiene und Öffentliche Gesundheit/Public Health, Universität Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Angelika Hüppe
- Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck
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99969
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Yang J, Yu Z, Wang B, Ndayisenga F. Gut region induces gastrointestinal microbiota community shift in Ujimqin sheep (Ovis aries): from a multi-domain perspective. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7603-7616. [PMID: 34545655 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is one of the most complicated microbial ecosystems and is vital in regulating biological processes associated with nutrient absorption and homeostatic maintenance. Although several efforts have been achieved in characterizing bacterial communities across gut regions, the variation of non-bacterial communities across GI tracts is still largely unexplored. To address this, we investigated microbial biogeography throughout the whole GI tracts of Ujimqin sheep (Ovis aries) by amplicon sequencing which targeted bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The results indicated that the community structures of all three domains were significantly distinguished according to GI tracts (stomach, small intestine, and large intestine), and a more strong and efficient species interaction was detected in small intestine based on cross-domain network analysis. Moreover, a between-domain difference in microbial assembly mechanism of among-GI regions was revealed here, wherein bacterial community is dominantly governed by variable selection (explaining ~62% of taxa turnover), while fungal and archaeal communities mainly governed by homogenizing dispersal (explaining ~49% and 60% of the turnover, respectively). Overall, these data highlight the GI section- and domain-dependence of GI microbial structure and assembly mechanism, suggesting that multi-domain should be explicitly considered when evaluating the influences of GI selection on gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,RCEES-IMCAS-UCAS Joint-Lab of Microbial Technology for Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Bobo Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fabrice Ndayisenga
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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99970
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Chu SV, Vu ST, Nguyen HM, Le NT, Truong PT, Vu VTT, Phung TTB, Nguyen ATV. Fast and Sensitive Real-Time PCR Detection of Major Antiviral-Drug Resistance Mutations in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients by Use of a Predesigned Panel of Locked-Nucleic-Acid TaqMan Probes. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0093621. [PMID: 34319801 PMCID: PMC8451437 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00936-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel real-time PCR assay that simultaneously evaluates 11 major nucleos(t)ide antiviral (NA) drug resistance mutations (mt) in chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB), including L180M, M204I/V, and V207M (lamivudine [LMV] resistance), N/H238A/T (adefovir [ADF] resistance), which are circulating in Vietnam; and T184G/L, S202I, and M250V (entecavir [ETV] resistance) and A194T (tenofovir resistance), which have been recently reported in several studies across the globe. We detected drug-resistant mt in hepatitis B virus (HBV) samples using our predesigned panel of allele-specific locked-nucleic acid (LNA) probes. Our assay had a high sensitivity of 5% in a low-HBV DNA population of ≥5 × 103 IU/ml and was validated in a cohort of 130 treatment-naive children and 98 NA-experienced adults with CHB. Single-point mt for LMV and ADF resistance were detected in 57.7% and 54.1% of the child and adult samples, respectively, with rtV207M (children, 42.3%; adults, 36.7%) and rtN238T/A (children, 15.4%; adults, 16.3%) being the most frequent mt in these populations. Multiple-point mt, including rtL180M-rtM204V- rtN238A and rtL180M-rtM204I, were identified in only two children, resulting in LMV-ADF resistance and reduced ETV susceptibility. In conclusion, this assay accurately identified the mt profile of children (98.4%) and adults (91.2%) with CHB, which is comparable to established methods. This fast and sensitive screening method can be used for the detection of major NA-resistant mt circulating in developing countries, as well as providing a model for the development of similar mt-detection assays, especially for use in nonhospitalized patients who need their results within half a day, before starting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son V. Chu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son T. Vu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hang M. Nguyen
- Department of Research in Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngan T. Le
- Department of Microbiology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Van T. T. Vu
- Department of Microbiology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy T. B. Phung
- Department of Research in Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh T. V. Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
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99971
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Charalabopoulos A, Davakis S, Paraskeva P, Machairas N, Kapelouzou A, Kordzadeh A, Sakarellos P, Vailas M, Baili E, Bakoyiannis C, Felekouras E. Feasibility and Short-Term Outcomes of Three-Dimensional Hand-Sewn Esophago-Jejunal Anastomosis in Completely Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4709. [PMID: 34572936 PMCID: PMC8468311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic total gastrectomy is on the rise. One of the most technically demanding steps of the approach is the construction of esophago-jejunal anastomosis. Several laparoscopic anastomotic techniques have been described, like linear stapler side-to-side or circular stapler end-to-side anastomosis; limited data exist regarding hand-sewn esophago-jejunal anastomosis. The study took place between January 2018 and June 2021. Patients enrolled in this study were adults with proximal gastric or esophago-gastric junction Siewert type III tumors that underwent 3D-assisted laparoscopic total gastrectomy. A hand-sewn esophago-jejunal anastomosis was performed in all cases laparoscopically. Forty consecutive cases were performed during the study period. Median anastomotic suturing time was 55 min, with intra-operative methylene blue leak test being negative in all cases. Median operating time was 240 min, and there were no conversions to open. The anastomotic leak rate and postoperative stricture rate were zero. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were zero. Laparoscopic manual esophago-jejunal anastomosis utilizing a 3D platform in total gastrectomy for cancer can be performed with excellent outcomes regarding anastomotic leak and stricture rate. This anastomotic approach, although technically challenging, is safe and reproducible, with prominent results that can be disseminated in the surgical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Charalabopoulos
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Davakis
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panorea Paraskeva
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alkistis Kapelouzou
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ali Kordzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, NHS Trust, Essex CM1 7ET, UK
| | - Panagiotis Sakarellos
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Vailas
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratia Baili
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Bakoyiannis
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- Upper Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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99972
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Cai Z, Zhu T, Liu F, Zhuang Z, Zhao L. Co-pathogens in Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:723719. [PMID: 34616755 PMCID: PMC8488124 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.723719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized inflammatory lesions in one area of the body may affect other distant organs through various modes of transmission thus initiating secondary inflammatory infections. Periodontal disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been shown to coexist. Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, and dental plaque is considered to be the initial risk factor. Individuals with genetic susceptibility are more likely to develop periodontitis when exposed to external stimuli. IBD is affected by host genetics, immunoregulation, daily diet, and the gut microbiota, and its risk factors appear to be shared with those of PD. However, the key etiologies of both diseases remain unclear, thus hindering the exploration of possible links between IBD and PD. Recent studies and systematic reviews have focused on evidence-based statistics of the prevalence and clinical manifestations of both diseases, but discussions of the microbial etiological correlation between periodontitis and intestinal inflammation are scarce. Here, we summarize the potential common pathogenic microorganisms that may serve as bridges between the two diseases. Studies have shown that invasive microorganisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Klebsiella spp. and Campylobacter spp. play key roles in the comorbidity of PD and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengshuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zixuan Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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99973
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A Multicenter Retrospective Study Comparing Surgical Outcomes Between the Overlap Method and Functional Method for Esophagojejunostomy in Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy: Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching. SURGICAL LAPAROSCOPY, ENDOSCOPY & PERCUTANEOUS TECHNIQUES 2021; 32:89-95. [PMID: 34545031 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes after laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) with esophagojejunostomy (EJS) performed using the overlap method or the functional method in a multicenter retrospective study with propensity score matching. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled all patients who underwent curative LTG for gastric cancer at 6 institutions between January 2004 and December 2018. Patients were categorized into the overlap group (OG) or functional group (FG) based on the type of anastomosis used in EJS. Patients in the groups were matched using the following propensity score covariates: age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, extent of lymph node dissection, and Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma stage. The surgical results and postoperative outcomes were compared. RESULTS We identified 69 propensity score-matched pairs among 440 patients who underwent LTG. There was no significant between-group difference in the median operative time, intraoperative blood, or number of lymph nodes resected. In terms of postoperative outcomes, the rates of all complications [Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification ≥II; OG 13.0 vs. FG 24.6%, respectively; P=0.082], complications more severe than CD grade III (OG 8.7 vs. FG 18.8%, respectively; P=0.084), and the occurrence of EJS leakage and stenosis more severe than CD grade III (OG 7.3% vs. FG 2.9%, P=0.245; OG 1.5 vs. FG 8.7%, P=0.115, respectively) were comparable. The median follow-up period was 830 days (range, 18 to 3376 d), and there were no differences in overall survival between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in surgical outcomes and overall survival based on the type of anastomosis used for EJS after LTG. Therefore, selection of anastomosis in EJS should be based on each surgeon's preference and experience.
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99974
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Xu R, Chen XD, Ding Z. Perioperative nutrition management for gastric cancer. Nutrition 2021; 93:111492. [PMID: 34655954 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Malnutrition is a substantial problem in patients with gastric cancer, associated with poor treatment tolerance and increased morbidity. It has also been recognized as an independent prognostic factor in individuals with cancer. Early detection of malnutrition and effective perioperative nutrition intervention play an important role in the treatment of gastric cancer. Nutrition screening and assessment are the first steps in nutrition management and provide a basis for further nutrition support. Several tools, including the Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, have been developed for nutrition screening and assessment. Effective nutrition support can significantly improve nutritional and immune status, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and accelerate recovery. The aim of this review was to focus on preoperative nutrition risk screening and assessment, and perioperative nutrition support, which may serve as a framework of perioperative nutrition management for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhi Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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99975
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Guo Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Li M, Shen M, Zhou Z, Zhu S, Li K, Fang Z, Yan B, Zhao S, Su J, Chen X, Peng C. The plasma exosomal miR-1180-3p serves as a novel potential diagnostic marker for cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:487. [PMID: 34544412 PMCID: PMC8454000 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are a promising tool in disease detection because they are noninvasive, cost-effective, sensitive and stable in body fluids. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the main exosomal component and participate in tumor development. However, the exosomal miRNA profile among Asian melanoma patients remains unclear. Methods Exosomal miRNAs from the plasma of melanoma patients (n = 20) and healthy individuals (n = 20) were isolated and subjected to small RNA sequencing. Real-time PCR was performed to identify the differential miRNAs and to determine the diagnostic efficiency. Proliferation, scratch and Transwell assays were performed to detect the biological behavior of melanoma cells. Results Exosomal miRNA profiling revealed decreased miR-1180-3p expression as a potential diagnostic marker of melanoma. The validation group of melanoma patients (n = 28) and controls (n = 28) confirmed the diagnostic efficiency of miR-1180-3p. The level of miR-1180-3p in melanoma cells was lower than that in melanocytes. Accordingly, the level of miR-1180-3p was negatively associated with the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Functional analysis and target gene prediction found that ST3GAL4 was a potential target and highly expressed in melanoma tissues and was negatively regulated by miR-1180-3p. Knockdown of ST3GAL4 hindered the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells. Conclusions This study indicates that reduced exosomal miR-1180-3p in melanoma patient plasma is a promising diagnostic marker and provides novel insight into melanoma development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02164-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Linconghua Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Min Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Susi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Keke Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhiqin Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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99976
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Juhari WKW, Ahmad Amin Noordin KB, Zakaria AD, Rahman WFWA, Mokhter WMMWM, Hassan MRA, Sidek ASM, Zilfalil BA. Whole-Genome Profiles of Malay Colorectal Cancer Patients with Intact MMR Proteins. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091448. [PMID: 34573430 PMCID: PMC8471947 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to identify new genes associated with CRC in patients with normal mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. Method: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in seven early-age-onset Malay CRC patients. Potential germline genetic variants, including single-nucleotide variations and insertions and deletions (indels), were prioritized using functional and predictive algorithms. Results: An average of 3.2 million single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) and over 800 indels were identified. Three potential candidate variants in three genes—IFNE, PTCH2 and SEMA3D—which were predicted to affect protein function, were identified in three Malay CRC patients. In addition, 19 candidate genes—ANKDD1B, CENPM, CLDN5, MAGEB16, MAP3K14, MOB3C, MS4A12, MUC19, OR2L8, OR51Q1, OR51AR1, PDE4DIP, PKD1L3, PRIM2, PRM3, SEC22B, TPTE, USP29 and ZNF117—harbouring nonsense variants were prioritised. These genes are suggested to play a role in cancer predisposition and to be associated with cancer risk. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment in the olfactory signalling pathway. Conclusion: This study provides a new spectrum of insights into the potential genes, variants and pathways associated with CRC in Malay patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Khairunnisa Wan Juhari
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Malaysian Node of the Human Variome Project, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.D.Z.); (W.M.M.W.M.M.)
| | - Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul Rahman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | | | | | | | - Bin Alwi Zilfalil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Malaysian Node of the Human Variome Project, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-9-7676531
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99977
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Nash E, Sabih AH, Chetwood J, Wood G, Pandya K, Yip T, Majumdar A, McCaughan GW, Strasser SI, Liu K. Drug-induced liver injury in Australia, 2009-2020: the increasing proportion of non-paracetamol cases linked with herbal and dietary supplements. Med J Aust 2021; 215:261-268. [PMID: 34272737 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics and outcomes of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by paracetamol and non-paracetamol medications, particularly herbal and dietary supplements. DESIGN Retrospective electronic medical record data analysis. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Adults admitted with DILI to the Gastroenterology and Liver Centre at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney (a quaternary referral liver transplantation centre), 2009-2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 90-day transplant-free survival; drugs implicated as causal agents in DILI. RESULTS A total of 115 patients with paracetamol-related DILI and 69 with non-paracetamol DILI were admitted to our centre. The most frequently implicated non-paracetamol medications were antibiotics (19, 28%), herbal and dietary supplements (15, 22%), anti-tuberculosis medications (six, 9%), and anti-cancer medications (five, 7%). The number of non-paracetamol DILI admissions was similar across the study period, but the proportion linked with herbal and dietary supplements increased from 2 of 13 (15%) during 2009-11 to 9 of 19 (47%) during 2018-20 (linear trend: P = 0.011). Despite higher median baseline model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores, 90-day transplant-free survival for patients with paracetamol-related DILI was higher than for patients with non-paracetamol DILI (86%; 95% CI, 79-93% v 71%; 95% CI, 60-82%) and herbal and dietary supplement-related cases (59%; 95% CI, 34-85%). MELD score was an independent predictor of poorer 90-day transplant-free survival in both paracetamol-related (per point increase: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-3.74) and non-paracetamol DILI (aHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14-1.36). CONCLUSION In our single centre study, the proportion of cases of people hospitalised with DILI linked with herbal and dietary supplements has increased since 2009. Ninety-day transplant-free survival for patients with non-paracetamol DILI, especially those with supplement-related DILI, is poorer than for those with paracetamol-related DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Nash
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW
| | - Abdul-Hamid Sabih
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW
| | - John Chetwood
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW
| | - Georgette Wood
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Keval Pandya
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW
| | - Terry Yip
- Medical Data Analytic Centre and Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Avik Majumdar
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Simone I Strasser
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Ken Liu
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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99978
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Borchgrevink PC, Glette M, Woodhouse A, Butler S, Landmark T, Romundstad P, Dale O, Stiles TC, Bonaa KH, Thorsvik D, Thünte S, Kaasa S. A Clinical Description of Chronic Pain in a General Population Using ICD-10 and ICD-11 (The HUNT Pain Examination Study). THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 23:337-348. [PMID: 34551343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to present a total description, distribution, and ranking of chronic pain conditions in the general population. This was based on structured clinical examinations of a random sample from a population-based survey (HUNT3) with a calculated oversampling of participants with chronic pain. Supplemented with access to hospital reports, the examination was performed by experienced physicians and psychologists using a consistent definition of chronic pain as well as ICD-10- and the new ICD-11-classification. The main findings were that a higher proportion of the 551 participants had chronic pain assessed by clinical examination (399) than by self-report in a survey the same day (337). Among those with examination-verified chronic pain estimated from HUNT3 to represent 27.9% of the general population, 63% had chronic primary pain, 81% musculoskeletal pain, and 77% more than one chronic pain condition. When separating chronic primary from chronic secondary pain according to ICD-11, the weighted prevalence was 17.7% for chronic pain conditions of unknown and 10.2% of known cause. When all the participants' conditions were accounted for, the most prevalent was nonspecific low back (10.8%) and neck pain (7.6%). Participants with chronic primary pain did not have significantly more psychopathology than those with chronic secondary pain: 14.5% versus 12.5%. Perspective: Since this study confirms the high prevalence in self-report surveys and indicates that two thirds of chronic pain conditions cannot be explained by underlying diseases, this huge health and societal problem should be solved primarily on a public health level directed toward prevention and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter C Borchgrevink
- Department of Pain and Complex Disorders, Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Mari Glette
- Department of Pain and Complex Disorders, Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Woodhouse
- Department of Pain and Complex Disorders, Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stephen Butler
- Department of Public Health & Caring Sciences, Family Medicine & Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tormod Landmark
- Department of Pain and Complex Disorders, Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola Dale
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore C Stiles
- Department of psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kaare H Bonaa
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Thorsvik
- Department of Rehabilitation, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Sabina Thünte
- Department of Rehabilitation, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway; Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Kaasa
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; European Palliative Care Research Centre, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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99979
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Fila M, Chojnacki J, Pawlowska E, Szczepanska J, Chojnacki C, Blasiak J. Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism in Migraine and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810134. [PMID: 34576297 PMCID: PMC8469852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine, the leading cause of disability in the population aged below 50, is associated with functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (FGIDs) such as functional nausea, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Conversely, changes in intestinal GI transit may cause diarrhea or constipation and are a component of the autonomic symptoms associated with pre- and post-dorsal phases of migraine attack. These mutual relationships provoke a question on a common trigger in migraine and FGIDs. The kynurenine (l-kyn) pathway (KP) is the major route for l-tryptophan (l-Trp) metabolism and transforms l-Trp into several neuroactive compounds. Changes in KP were reported in both migraine and FGIDs. Migraine was largely untreatable, but several drugs approved lately by the FDA, including monoclonal antibodies for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor, create a hope for a breakthrough in migraine treatment. Derivatives of l-kyn were efficient in pain relief with a mechanism including CGRP inhibition. KP products are important ligands to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), whose activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of GI and migraine. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play a role in migraine and IBS pathogeneses, and KP metabolites detected downstream of TLR activation may be an IBS marker. The TLR4 signaling was observed in initiating and maintaining migraine-like behavior through myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) in the mouse. The aim of this review is to justify the view that KP modulation may provide common triggers for migraine and FGIDs with the involvement of TLR, AhR, and MyD88 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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99980
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Zhou H, Wang A, Lu H, Wu J, Ying J, Hu Z, Ruan C. Three-Port with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction versus Conventional Laparoscopic Anterior Resection for Rectal-Sigmoid Cancer: A Matched Pair Analysis. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:788-792. [PMID: 34542379 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1956651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery requires four or more ports to accomplish the laparoscopic dissection, and a mini-laparotomy to remove the specimen, which is a main cause of postoperative pain and incision complications, and compromise the cosmetic results. Reduced port surgery and natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) surgery hold the promise to overcome these drawbacks. This study planned to compare peri-operative outcomes of patients with rectal-sigmoid cancer undergoing three-port laparoscopic anterior resection with NOSE (three-port NOSE LAR) to those of patients receiving conventional LAR. METHODS Twenty-five patients with rectal-sigmoid cancer underwent three-port NOSE LAR between December 2018 and October 2020. For comparison, 50 patients with rectal-sigmoid cancer underwent conventional LAR in the same period were matched. The peri-operative outcomes were compared. RESULTS Operating time of three-port NOSE group was slightly longer than that of conventional group (135 min vs. 121 min, p = .147). The incision length of three-port NOSE group was shorter than that of conventional group (2.9 cm vs. 7.4 cm, p = .000). Complication rates in three-port NOSE group and conventional group were similar (12.0% vs. 20.0%, p = .524). The tumor size was smaller in three-port NOSE group than the conventional group (2.1 cm vs. 3.5 cm, p = .000). Pain score was lower in three-port NOSE group than the conventional group at postoperative day 1 (1.6 vs. 3.0, p = 0.045) and day 2 (0.2 vs. 2.1, p = .003). The BIQ score was significantly higher in the three-port NOSE group compared to the conventional group (42.9 ± 3.5 vs. 38.2 ± 2.5, p = .002). CONCLUSIONS Three-port NOSE LAR for rectal-sigmoid cancer is feasible and provides similar peri-operative outcomes compared to conventional LAR. It reduces postoperative pain and produces better cosmesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhou
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wu
- Division of General Practice Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ying
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqian Hu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Canping Ruan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
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99981
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Schwenger KJP, Kiu A, AlAli M, Alhanaee A, Fischer SE, Allard JP. Comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis, mass index, and waist circumference in assessing risk for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nutrition 2021; 93:111491. [PMID: 34739937 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide and includes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis. Because NASH is associated with obesity severity, routine evaluation of obesity/body fat in clinical settings may help detect patients at risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether assessing body fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is superior to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in assessing the risk for NASH. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients were recruited and gave consent from a local hospital. All had a liver biopsy. Measurements before the biopsy included BMI, WC, and BIA. BIA was used to measure percentage body fat and fat mass (kg). Based on histology, patients were grouped into one of three categories: simple steatosis (SS), NASH, or normal liver (NL). RESULTS Of the 139 participants who participated, 39 were classified as SS, 53 as NASH, and 47 as NL. Regardless of sex, patients with NASH had significantly higher BMI, WC, percentage body fat and fat mass than those with NL or SS. These four parameters were significantly positively correlated with liver histology measurements. In all patients, when controlling for sex and age we found that BMI, WC, and BIA were equal at predicting the presence of NASH (P = 0.0571). CONCLUSION All three methods, BIA, BMI, and WC, were comparable in assessing the risk for NASH. For practical purpose in clinical settings, using BMI is acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Kiu
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam AlAli
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amnah Alhanaee
- Tawam Hospital, Abu Dhabi Health Authority, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandra E Fischer
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Johane P Allard
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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99982
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Lauricella E, Cives M, Bracigliano A, Clemente O, Felici V, Lippolis R, Amoruso B, Pelle' E, Mandriani B, Esposto C, Forte C, Perri F, Porta C, Tafuto S. The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with neuroendocrine tumors: Between resilience and vulnerability. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13041. [PMID: 34596289 PMCID: PMC8646700 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has added another layer of complexity to the fears of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Little is known regarding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patients with gastroenteropancreatic or bronchopulmonary (BP) NETs. We longitudinally surveyed the mental symptoms and concerns of NET patients during the plateau phase of the first (W1) and second epidemic waves (W2) in Italy. Seven specific constructs (depression, anxiety, stress, health-related quality of life, NET-related quality of life, patient-physician relationship, psychological distress) were investigated using validated screening instruments, including DASS-21, EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ GI.NET21, PDRQ9 and IES-R. We enrolled 197 patients (98 males) with a median age of 62 years. The majority of the patients had G1/G2 neoplasms. Some 38% of the patients were on active treatment. At W1, the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 32%, 36% and 26% respectively. The frequency of depression and anxiety increased to 38% and 41% at W2, whereas no modifications were recorded in the frequency of stress. Poor educational status was associated with higher levels of anxiety at both W1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33 ± 0.22; p = .07) and W2 (OR = 1.45 ± 0.26; p = .03). Notably, post-traumatic stress symptoms were observed in the 58% of the patients, and both single marital status (OR = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06-0.48; p = .0009) and low levels of formal education (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.23-0.99; p = .05) predicted their occurrence. No significant deteriorations of health-related quality of life domains were observed from W1 to W2. High patient care satisfaction was documented despite the changes in health systems resource allocation. NET patients have an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress symptoms as result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific screening measures and psychological interventions should be implemented in NET clinics to prevent, recognize and treat mental distress in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lauricella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ottavia Clemente
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Lippolis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Amoruso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pelle'
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Mandriani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Esposto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Cira Forte
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tafuto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
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99983
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A Phase I, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose Trial of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Cannabidiol in Subjects with Mild to Severe Renal Impairment. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 59:747-755. [PMID: 31802404 PMCID: PMC7292807 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction As patients who receive cannabidiol (CBD) may have co-existing renal morbidities, it is important to understand whether dose adjustments are necessary to mitigate the risk of exposure-related toxicity. This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of CBD in patients with renal impairment. Methods The pharmacokinetics and safety of a single oral 200 mg dose of a plant-derived pharmaceutical formulation of highly purified CBD in oral solution (Epidiolex® in the USA; 100 mg/mL) were assessed in subjects with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment (n = 8/group) relative to matched subjects with normal renal function (n = 8). Blood samples were collected until 48 h post-dose and evaluated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of variance was used to compare primary pharmacokinetic parameters (maximum measured plasma concentration [Cmax], oral clearance of drug from plasma [CL/F], renal clearance [CLR], area under the plasma concentration–time curve [AUC] from time zero to last measurable concentration [AUCt], and AUC from time zero to infinity [AUC∞]); descriptive analysis was used for secondary pharmacokinetic parameters (time to Cmax [tmax], terminal [elimination] half-life [t½], cumulative amount excreted from time zero to the last quantifiable sample [Aelast], and fraction of the systemically available drug excreted into the urine [fe]). Results No statistically significant differences were observed in Cmax, AUCt, AUC∞, or tmax values between subjects with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment and subjects with normal renal function for CBD or its major metabolites, 7-carboxy-CBD (7-COOH-CBD) and 7-hydroxy-CBD (7-OH-CBD), and minor metabolite, 6-hydroxy-CBD (6-OH-CBD); geometric mean ratio for Cmax values ranged from 0.68 to 1.35. No differences were observed for other secondary parameters (Aelast and fe). CBD, 7-COOH-CBD, 7-OH-CBD, and 6-OH-CBD were highly protein bound (> 90%); binding was similar in all subject groups. Urine analysis for CBD recorded no appreciable amount, and thus no urinary pharmacokinetic parameters could be derived. Adverse events (AEs) affected two subjects; all five AEs were mild in severity and resolved during the trial. There were no serious AEs or discontinuations due to AEs. Laboratory, physical examination, vital sign, and 12-lead electrocardiogram findings were not clinically significant. Conclusion Renal impairment had no effect on the metabolism of CBD after a single oral 200 mg dose. CBD was generally well tolerated in subjects with varying degrees of renal function. Registration European Union Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT) no. 2015-002122-39. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40262-019-00841-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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99984
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Wu D, Ding J, Jia Y, Liu H, Xiao J, Peng J. Predictors of mortality in acute pancreatitis complicated with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:977. [PMID: 34544384 PMCID: PMC8451102 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, from pancreatic infections to bloodstream infections, influence the mortality of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) on the condition of limited antibiotic choices. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictor of mortality among AP patients complicated with MDR-K. pneumoniae infections. Methods Seventy-one AP patients who occurred MDR-K. pneumoniae infections from August 1st, 2016 to August 1st, 2020 were enrolled. MDR-K. pneumoniae was defined as the K. pneumoniae strain non-susceptible to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. MDR-K. pneumoniae isolates were confirmed by Vitek-2 system. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using a micro broth dilution method. Clinical characteristics and drug-resistance rates were retrospectively reviewed, and the predictors of mortality were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The mortality rate of AP patients complicated with MDR-K. pneumoniae infections reached 46.5% (33 of 71), and pancreas (n = 53) was the most common site of MDR-K pneumoniae strains. The drug resistance rates of MDR-K. pneumoniae were high to 11 of 12 common antibiotics (more than 50.0%) except of tigecycline (23.9%). The predictor independently associated with mortality was septic shock (hazard ratio 2.959, 95% confidence intervals 1.396 – 6.272, P = 0.005). Conclusions More attention should be paid for pancreatic MDR-K. pneumoniae infections among AP patients The predictor for mortality of AP patients complicated with MDR-K. pneumoniae infection is septic shock. Therefore, further clinical investigations should focus on areas against septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Huanmiao Liu
- Emergency Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Emergency Department, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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99985
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Cheng S, Hu J, Wu X, Pan JA, Jiao N, Li Y, Huang Y, Lin X, Zou Y, Chen Y, Zhu L, Zhi M, Lan P. Altered gut microbiome in FUT2 loss-of-function mutants in support of personalized medicine for inflammatory bowel diseases. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:771-780. [PMID: 34419617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The FUT2 loss-of-function mutations are highly prevalent and are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To investigate the impact of FUT2 loss-of-function mutation on the gut microbiota in patients with IBD, 81 endoscopically confirmed IBD patients were genotyped and divided into 3 groups: homozygous for functional FUT2 genes (SeSe), with one copy of non-functional FUT2 gene (Sese), or homozygous for non-functional FUT2 genes (sese). Escherichia, which attaches to fucosylated glycoconjugates, was the only abundant genus exhibiting decreased abundance in sese patients. Compared with SeSe or Sese patients, sese patients exhibited higher abundance in CD8+ inducing Alistipe and Phascolarctobacterium and Th17 inducing Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003. Counter-intuitively, butyrate-producing bacteria were more abundant in sese patients. Consistently, metabolomics analysis found higher levels of butyrate in sese patients. Our data support the hypothesis that FUT2 loss-of-function mutation participates in the IBD pathogenesis by decreasing binding sites for adherent bacteria and thus altering the gut microbiota. Decreased abundances of adherent bacteria may allow the overgrowth of bacteria that induce inflammatory T cells, leading to intestinal inflammation. As FUT2 loss-of-function mutations are highly prevalent, the identification of T cell inducing bacteria in sese patients could be valuable for the development of personalized microbial intervention for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Cheng
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510080, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xianrui Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ji-An Pan
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510080, China
| | - Na Jiao
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yibo Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xutao Lin
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yifeng Zou
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510080, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Min Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Ping Lan
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510080, China.
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99986
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Abstract
Significance: As the central metabolic organ, the liver is exposed to a variety of potentially cytotoxic, proinflammatory, profibrotic, and carcinogenic stimuli. To protect the organism from these deleterious effects, the liver has evolved a number of defense systems, which include antioxidant substrates and enzymes, anti-inflammatory tools, enzymatic biotransformation systems, and metabolic pathways. Recent Advances: One of the pivotal systems that evolved during phylogenesis was the heme catabolic pathway. Comprising the important enzymes heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase, this complex pathway has a number of key functions including enzymatic activities, but also cell signaling, and DNA transcription. It further generates two important bile pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin, as well as the gaseous molecule carbon monoxide. These heme degradation products have potent antioxidant, immunosuppressive, and cytoprotective effects. Recent data suggest that the pathway participates in the regulation of metabolic and hormonal processes implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic and other diseases. Critical Issues: This review discusses the impact of the heme catabolic pathway on major liver diseases, with particular focus on the involvement of cellular targeting and signaling in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Future Directions: To utilize the biological consequences of the heme catabolic pathway, several unique therapeutic strategies have been developed. Research indicates that pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and lifestyle modifications positively affect the pathway, delivering potentially long-term clinical benefits. However, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the clinical benefits of these approaches. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 734-752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Vítek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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99987
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Li Y, Yi J, Zeng Q, Liu Y, Yang B, Liu B, Li Y, Mehmood K, Hussain R, Tang Z, Zhang H, Li Y. Zearalenone exposure mediated hepatotoxicity via mitochondrial apoptotic and autophagy pathways: Associated with gut microbiome and metabolites. Toxicology 2021; 462:152957. [PMID: 34537261 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin is frequently detected in different food products and has been widely studied for its toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxic effects, relationship between gut microbiome and liver metabolite mediated hepatotoxicity mechanisms induced by ZEN are still not clear. Here, we reported that the different microscopic changes like swelling of hepatocyte, disorganization of hepatocytes and extensive vacuolar degeneration were observed, and the mitochondrial functions decreased in exposed mice. Results exhibited up-regulation in expression of signals of apoptosis and autophagy in liver of treated mice via mitochondrial apoptotic and autophagy pathway (Beclin1/p62). The diversity of gut microbiome decreased and the values of various microbiome altered in treated mice, including 5 phyla (Chloroflexi, Sva0485, Methylomirabilota, MBNT15 and Kryptonia) and genera (Frankia, Lactococcus, Anaerolinea, Halomonas and Sh765B-TzT-35) significantly changed. Liver metabolism showed that the concentrations of 91 metabolite including lipids and lipid like molecules were significantly changed. The values of phosphatidylcholine, 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidate concentrations suggestive of abnormal glycerophosphate metabolism pathway were significantly increased in mice due to exposure to ZEN. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the disorders in gut microbiome and liver metabolites due to exposure to ZEN in mice may affect the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiangnan Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingwei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bijing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingxian Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yangwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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99988
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Ugarte A, De la Mora L, Martínez-Rebollar M, Mallolas J, Laguno M. An unexpected adverse effect: Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide–induced cholestasis. Antivir Ther 2021; 26:9-12. [DOI: 10.1177/13596535211045832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainoa Ugarte
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena De la Mora
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Mallolas
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Laguno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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99989
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Su HH, Sung FC, Kao KL, Chen SC, Lin CJ, Wu SI, Lin CL, Stewart R, Chen YS. Relative risk of functional dyspepsia in patients with sleep disturbance: a population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18605. [PMID: 34545155 PMCID: PMC8452703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased prevalence of sleep disorders has been found in patients with functional dyspepsia; however, direction of causality remains unclear. Our aim was to compare the risk of incident functional dyspepsia between patients with and without sleep disturbance from a large population-based sample. Utilizing a nation-wide health insurance administrative dataset, we assembled an 11-year historic cohort study to compare subsequent incidence of diagnosed functional dyspepsia between adult patients with any diagnosis of sleep disturbance and age- and gender-matched controls. Hazard ratios adjusted for other relevant comorbidities and medications were calculated using Cox regression models. 45,310 patients with sleep disorder and 90,620 controls were compared. Patients with sleep apnea had a 3.3-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.82 ~ 3.89) increased hazard of functional dyspepsia compared with controls. This increased risk persisted regardless of previously diagnosed depression coexisted. Sleep disturbance was associated with an increased risk of subsequent functional dyspepsia. Potential mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Han Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Hsin-Chu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Liang Kao
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chin Chen
- Suicide Prevention Center, Section of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ju Lin
- Suicide Prevention Center, Section of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Wu
- Suicide Prevention Center, Section of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China, Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Robert Stewart
- King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience), London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yi-Shin Chen
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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99990
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The use of normothermic machine perfusion to rescue liver allografts from expanded criteria donors. Updates Surg 2021; 74:193-202. [PMID: 34542843 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-021-01169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of expanded criteria donors is one of the strategies used to overcome the gap between the demand for organs and the number of donors. Physicians debate the extent to which marginal grafts can be used. In recent years, normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has been used to test liver viability before transplantation. Grafts underwent NMP whenever histological steatosis was > 40% or there were at least three Eurotransplant criteria for expanded criteria donor (ECD). We used NMP to test 19 grafts, 3 from donation after type 3 controlled cardiac death (DCD), and 16 from donation after brain death (DBD). Only two grafts from DBD were not transplanted, because perfusion proved they were not suitable (total of 17 transplanted grafts of 19 tested grafts). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at 30, 90, 180, and 1 year after transplant were all 94% (95% CI 84-100%); estimated 3-years survival was 82% (95% CI 62-100%). Overall survival rates did not differ from those of patients transplanted with non-perfused grafts from an ECD. In our experience, the use of very marginal grafts preventively tested by NMP does not negatively influence the patient's outcome, and increases the number of transplants in low donation areas.
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99991
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Miah N, Ryan A, Oztumer CA, Saleh M. First presentation of portal hypertension complicated by hepatopulmonary syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e244712. [PMID: 34544713 PMCID: PMC8454437 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious complication of chronic liver disease, characterised by portal hypertension and arterial hypoxaemia due to intrapulmonary vascular dilatation. We report an unusual case in which a 27-year-old man had a first presentation of portal hypertension and cirrhosis complicated by HPS. This patient presented with progressive dyspnoea on exertion and deterioration in mobility, with a type 1 respiratory failure and increased oxygen demand. A bubble echocardiogram showed a possible right-to-left shunt, CT aortogram displayed evidence of portal hypertension and cirrhosis, and liver biopsy findings were consistent with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The patient's increased oxygen demand was subsequently treated with continuous positive airway pressure before he was discharged with 8 L home oxygen. With no current established medical therapy for HPS, the patient was assessed for liver transplantation and a decision was made in favour of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahima Miah
- General Medicine, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
| | - Aidan Ryan
- General Medicine, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
| | | | - Mohamed Saleh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
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99992
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Guesmi F, Prasad S, Ali MB, Ismail IA, Landoulsi A. Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis Boiss. and Reut. volatile oil enhances TRAIL/Apo2L induced apoptosis and inhibits colon carcinogenesis through upregulation of death receptor pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21975-21990. [PMID: 34543231 PMCID: PMC8507293 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to determine the anticancer activity of Thymus algeriensis (TS) and its underlying mechanisms using in vitro and in animal models. Methods: HCT116 cells were treated with TS essential oil alone or with TRAIL, and then its anticancer effect was determined by using MTT assay, live dead assay, caspase activation and PARP cleavage. Further mechanisms of its anticancer effects was determined by analyzing expression of death receptor signaling pathway using Western blotting. A mouse model was also used to assess the antitumor potential of thyme essential oil. Results: TS oily fraction showed tumor growth inhibitory effect even at lower concentration. TS induces apoptotic cell death as indicated by cleavage of PARP, and activation of the initiator and effector caspases (caspase-3, -8 and -9). Further, results showed that TS increases the expression of death receptors (DRs) and reduces the expression of TRAIL decoy receptors (DcRs). In addition, upregulation of signaling molecules of MAPK pathway (p38 kinase, ERK, JNK), down-regulation of c-FLIP, and overexpression of SP1 and CHOP were observed by TS. Further in animal model, intragastric administration of TS (12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml) prevented colorectal carcinogenesis by blocking multi-steps in carcinoma. Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that thymus essential oil promotes apoptosis in HCT116 cells and impedes tumorigenesis in animal model. Moreover, thyme potentiates TRAIL-induced cell death through upregulation of DRs, CHOP and SP1 as well as downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins in HCT116 cells. However, therapeutic potential of TS needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Guesmi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Research and Development, Noble Pharma LLC, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA
| | - Manel Ben Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Ismail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
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99993
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Xie T, Jin F, Jia X, Mao H, Xu Y, Zhang S. High cellulose diet promotes intestinal motility through regulating intestinal immune homeostasis and serotonin biosynthesis. Biol Chem 2021; 403:279-292. [PMID: 34536342 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted dietary fiber intimately linked to inflammatory and nervous diseases, which often been described with altered gastrointestinal (GI) motility. However, how dose dietary fiber modulate inflammation and crosstalk influence GI function has not been explained in detail. We found fiber-free diet reduced intestinal motility, accompanied by upregulated proinflammatory immunocytes and inflammatory cytokines in colon of mice. We also discovered high-cellulose diet increased synthesis of serotonin and expression of neurotrophic factors, both of that have been reported involved in promoting intestinal motility. In addition, metabolomics analysis showed increased tryptophan metabolites in high-cellulose diet mice, which happened to be required for serotonin biosynthesis. Further analysis revealed high-cellulose diet changed the composition of gut microbiota, in particular by altering the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, consequently, concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate. Orally administration of acetate confirmed its modulating to serotonin synthesis, neurotrophic factors expression and immunocyte differentiation through regulating histone deacetylase (HDAC3) activity in colon. Together, our results demonstrated high-cellulose diet promote intestinal motility through regulating intestinal homeostasis and enteric nervous system by increasing acetate production and HDAC3 inhibition. Thus, rich cellulose diet or acetate supplement can be considered as dietary advice to improve clinically intestinal motility insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou510282, China
| | - Fa Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou510282, China
| | - Xiaokun Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou510282, China
| | - Hengxu Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou510282, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou510282, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou510282, China
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99994
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Yong W, Zhang K, Deng Y, Tang W, Tao R. miR-511-5p Suppresses Cell Migration, Invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Targeting PAK2 in Gastric Cancer. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:899-913. [PMID: 34542739 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As a malignant tumor, gastric cancer (GC) is closely related with gastric mucosa and has a high mortality in the world. Since microRNA (miRNA) has become more and more important in tumor research, we intend to find out the functional role and mechanism of miR-511-5p in GC. Firstly, miR-511-5p level was examined in human GC cell lines and tissues, and its effect on cell migration and invasion of BGC-823 or HGC-27 cells was tested by migration assay and transwell assay. Then, we confirmed the association between miR-511-5p and p21 activated kinase 2 (PAK2) by the luciferase reporter assay, and further assessed their role in cell migration and invasion. Moreover, we verified the function of miR-511-5p and PAK2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In our study, miR-511-5p was downregulated in GC cell lines and tissues, and inversely associated with PAK2. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-511-5p could bind to PAK2. MiR-511-5p mimics significantly upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail, and consequently inhibited cell migration and invasion. However, reintroduction of PAK2 reversed the inhibitory function of miR-511-5p on BGC-823 and HGC-27 cells. Our research suggested that tumor-suppressive function of miR-511-5p in GC was inhibited by PAK2, and miR-511-5p/PAK2 axis may serve as a new strategy in GC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yong
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Essential Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming Deng
- Department of Essential Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisen Tang
- Department of Essential Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Essential Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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99995
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Morán-Costoya A, Proenza AM, Gianotti M, Lladó I, Valle A. Sex Differences in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Estrogen Influence on the Liver-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:753-774. [PMID: 33736456 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic and systemic disorder with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. Owing to the rising incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of NAFLD and its impact on global health care are expected to increase in the future. Differences in NAFLD exist between males and females, and among females depending on their reproductive status. Clinical and preclinical data show that females in the fertile age are more protected against NAFLD, and studies in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animal models support a protective role for estrogens. Recent Advances: An efficient crosstalk between the liver and adipose tissue is necessary to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, protecting the liver from steatosis and insulin resistance contributing to NALFD. New advances in the knowledge of sexual dimorphism in liver and adipose tissue are providing interesting clues about the sex differences in NAFLD pathogenesis that could inspire new therapeutic strategies. Critical Issues: Sex hormones influence key master regulators of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in liver and adipose tissue. All these sex-biased metabolic adjustments shape the crosstalk between liver and adipose tissue, contributing to the higher protection of females to NAFLD. Future Directions: The development of novel drugs based on the protective action of estrogens, but without its feminizing or undesired side effects, might provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of NAFLD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 753-774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morán-Costoya
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adamo Valle
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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99996
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Emile SH, El-Said M. End-to-end anal Sphincter Repair in Treatment of Post-traumatic Fecal Incontinence. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present report describes the end-to-end technique of anal sphincter repair in a 36-year-old female patient with post-vaginal delivery fecal incontinence (FI). The patient had a history of two vaginal deliveries and the symptoms of FI were observed after the second delivery. On assessment of the severity of FI using the Wexner incontinence score, the patient had a score of 12. Endoanal ultrasonography revealed an anterior defect of the external anal sphincter extending from 11 to 3 o'clock. The patient had no previous anal surgery and did not have any medical comorbidities.The operation time was 45 minutes. No intraoperative complications were recorded. At 12 months of follow-up, the patient showed significant improvement in the continence state, with her Wexner score dropping to 4. No postoperative complications were recorded. We can conclude that end-to-end anal sphincter repair is a technically feasible operation that confers satisfactory improvement in the continence state without imposing much tension on the site of sphincter repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Hany Emile
- General Surgery Department, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Said
- General Surgery Department, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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99997
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Ren K, Sun H, Chen L, Chen N, Yu L. Myxovirus resistance protein A activates type I IFN signaling pathway to inhibit Zika virus replication. Virus Res 2021; 306:198534. [PMID: 34537259 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myxovirus resistance protein A(MxA), one of the dynamin superfamily of large guanosine triphosphatase and a classical interferon stimulated gene (ISG) induced by type I interferons (IFNs), plays antiviral role in various virus infections. However, the effect of MxA on Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and its underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of MxA in ZIKV infection and its potential mechanisms. MxA overexpression was achieved by transfection with plasmid. The levels of MxA expression and ZIKV replication were assayed by both qRT-PCR and western blot. The activation status of Jak/STAT signaling pathway was evaluated at three levels: phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2(p-STAT1, p-STAT2) (western blot), activity of interferon sensitive response element (ISRE) (dual luciferase reporter gene assay), and the expression levels of ISGs (qRT-PCR). Our results showed that MxA overexpression inhibited ZIKV replication with no effect on virus entry. The expression levels of retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5(MDA5), Toll-like receptor3(TLR3) and interferon regulatory Factor 3(IRF3), as well as IFNα and IFNβ, were increased in parallel with MxA upregulation. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of MxA on ZIKV replication was abolished in type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) deficient cells (U5A). These data collectively supported that MxA inhibits ZIKV replication through activation of the type I IFN signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ningning Chen
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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99998
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Sonkar C, Doharey PK, Rathore AS, Singh V, Kashyap D, Sahoo AK, Mittal N, Sharma B, Jha HC. Repurposing of gastric cancer drugs against COVID-19. Comput Biol Med 2021; 137:104826. [PMID: 34537409 PMCID: PMC8420180 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. Additionally, the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the patients of Gastric Cancer (GC; the third leading cause of death in the world) pose a great challenge for the health management of the patients. Since there have been uncertainties to develop a new drug against COVID-19, there is an urgent need for repurposing drugs that can target key proteins of both SARS-CoV-2 and GC. The SARS-CoV-2-RdRp protein contains the NiRAN domain, which is known to have kinase-like folds. A docking study of the FDA approved drugs against GC was performed using AutoDock 4.2 and Glide Schrodinger suite 2019 against SARS-CoV-2-RdRp protein. MMGBSA and MD simulation studies were performed to investigate the binding and stability of the inhibitors with the target protein. In this study, we have found 12 kinase inhibitors with high binding energies namely Baricitinib, Brepocitinib, Decernotinib, Fasudil, Filgotinib, GSK2606414, Peficitinib, Ruxolitinib, Tofacitinib, Upadacitinib, Pamapimod and Ibrutinib. These FDA approved drugs against GC can play a key role in the treatment of COVID-19 patients along with GC as comorbidity. We also hypothesize that JAK, ITK, Rho-associated kinases, FGFR2, FYN, PERK, TYK2, p38-MAPK and SYK kinases can be considered as key therapeutic targets in COVID-19 treatment. Taken altogether, we have proposed the SARS-CoV-2-RdRp as a potential therapeutic target through in-silico studies. However, further in-vitro and in-vivo studies are required for the validation of the proposed targets and drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients already suffering from GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sonkar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Doharey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, U.P., India
| | - Anuranjan Singh Rathore
- SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Trichy-Tanjore Road, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, 211015, U.P., India
| | - Dharmendra Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, 211015, U.P., India
| | - Nitish Mittal
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, U.P., India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India.
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99999
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Emery JM, Ortiz RM. Mitofusin 2: A link between mitochondrial function and substrate metabolism? Mitochondrion 2021; 61:125-137. [PMID: 34536562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic, interactive organelles that connect cellular signaling and whole-cell homeostasis. This "mitochatting" allows the cell to receive information about the mitochondria's condition before accommodating energy demands. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), an outer mitochondrial membrane fusion protein specializes in mediating mitochondrial homeostasis. Early studies defined the biological significance of Mfn2, while latter studies highlighted its role in substrate metabolism. However, determining Mfn2 potential to contribute to energy homeostasis needs study. This review summarizes current literature on mitochondrial metabolic processes, dynamics, and evidence of interactions among Mfn2 and regulatory processes that may link Mfn2's role in maintaining mitochondrial function and substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna M Emery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United States.
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United States
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100000
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Zatorski H, Salaga M, Zielińska M, Mokrowiecka A, Jacenik D, Krajewska WM, Małecka-Panas E, Fichna J. Colonic inflammation induces changes in glucose levels through modulation of incretin system. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1670-1679. [PMID: 34535873 PMCID: PMC8599322 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), in Crohn’s disease (CD), is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether colitis is associated with changes in blood glucose levels and the possible involvement of the incretin system as an underlaying factor. Methods We used a murine model of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Macroscopic and microscopic score and expression of inflammatory cytokines were measured. The effect of colitis on glucose level was studied by measurement of fasting glucose and GLP-1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) levels, prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC 1/3) and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression in mice. We also measured the level of GLP-1, DPP IV and expression of glucagon (GCG) and PC 1/3 mRNA in serum and colon samples from healthy controls and CD patients. Results Fasting glucose levels were increased in animals with colitis compared to controls. GLP-1 was decreased in both serum and colon of mice with colitis in comparison to the control group. DPP IV levels were significantly increased in serum, but not in the colon of mice with colitis as compared to healthy animals. Furthermore, PC 1/3 and GLP-1R expression levels were increased in mice with colitis as compared to controls. In humans, no differences were observed in fasting glucose level between healthy subjects and CD patients. GLP-1 levels were significantly decreased in the serum. Interestingly, GLP-1 level was significantly increased in colon samples of CD patients compared to healthy subjects. No significant differences in DPP IV levels in serum and colon samples were observed between groups. Conclusions Changes in the incretin system during colitis seem to contribute to the impaired glucose levels. Differences in incretin levels seem to be modulated by degrading enzyme DPP-IV and PC 1/3. Obtained results suggest that the incretin system may become a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Zatorski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Mokrowiecka
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wanda Małgorzata Krajewska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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