10101
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Pronina IV, Loginov VI, Burdennyy AM, Fridman MV, Kazubskaya TP, Dmitriev AA, Braga EA. Expression and DNA methylation alterations of seven cancer-associated 3p genes and their predicted regulator miRNAs (miR-129-2, miR-9-1) in breast and ovarian cancers. Gene 2016; 576:483-91. [PMID: 26519551 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The methylation of promoter CpG islands and interactions between microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of target genes are considered two crucial epigenetic mechanisms for inducing gene and pathway deregulation in tumors. Here, the expression levels of seven cancer-associated 3p genes (RASSF1(isoform A), RARB(isoform 2), SEMA3B, RHOA, GPX1, NKIRAS1, and CHL1) and their predicted regulator miRNAs (miR-129-2, miR-9-1) were analyzed in breast (BC, 40 samples) and ovarian (OC, 14 samples) cancers using RT-PCR and qPCR. We first revealed a negative correlation between the level of the miR-129-2 precursor and RASSF1(A) and GPX1 mRNA levels in BC (Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) was − 0.26 in both cases). Similar results were observed for the miR-129-2 precursor and the RASSF1(A), GPX1, RARB(2), and CHL1 genes in OC (rs was in the range − 0.48 to − 0.54). Using methylation-specific PCR, a significant correlation was shown between promoter hypermethylation and the down-regulation of the RASSF1(A), GPX1, RARB(2), SEMA3B, MIR-129-2, and MIR-9-1 genes in BC (rs = 0.41 to 0.75) and of the RASSF1(A) gene in OC (rs = 0.67). We first demonstrated a high hypermethylation frequency of MIR-129-2 and SEMA3B (up to 45 to 48%) in both BC (69 samples) and OC (41 samples). Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between the hypermethylation of MIR-129-2 and the up-regulation of the RASSF1(A) and GPX1 genes in BC (rs = 0.38 and 0.42, respectively). QPCR analysis of the expression of RASSF1(A) and mature miR-129-2 in additional BC sample set (24 samples) revealed a negative correlation between them (rs = − 0.41) that strengthened the results obtained during the analysis of miR-129-2 precursor level. In summary, the obtained data indicate the involvement of methylation in the down-regulation of the studied coding and miRNA genes and suggest the involvement of miR-129-2 in the deregulation of RASSF1(A) via a direct interaction or/and mediators in common pathways (according to KEGG, Gene Ontology (FDR < 0.01), and GeneCards data) in the examined gynecological tumors.
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10102
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Wu CC, Horowitz DP, Deutsch I, Rahmati R, Schecter JM, Saqi A, Wang TJC. De-escalation of radiation dose for human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and preclinical and clinical literature review. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:141-149. [PMID: 26870181 PMCID: PMC4727039 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been considered to be a relatively homogeneous disease. However, recent data have demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative disease are two different clinical entities associated with different outcomes. Preclinical and clinical studies have reported a divergence in treatment strategies as well as prognostic outcomes for HNSCCs that are HPV-positive versus HPV-negative. The present study describes the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with stage IVB cT2N3M0 right tonsillar HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma. Induction chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF), followed by chemoradiation therapy with carboplatin and 70 Gray (Gy) radiation in daily fractions was recommended. The patient completed the TPF and carboplatin treatment; however, he was unable to tolerate the radiation course, receiving a final dose of 46 Gy. A 60-day follow-up right neck salvage dissection was subsequently performed. Despite having received a partial radiation treatment of 46 Gy, the patient had no pathological evidence of disease at 60 days post radiation treatment. Repeat positron emission tomography-computed tomography at 32 months after the right neck dissection revealed no evidence of disease. The present study also discusses the current preclinical in vitro and in vivo targets for HPV-positive HNSCC and the obstacles presented in advancing clinical treatment modalities. Previous preclinical models investigating radiation sensitivity have yielded mixed results. Thus, it is important to understand and establish representative preclinical models for studying HPV and HNSCC to improve clinical research and therapeutic development. This review may guide future understanding of the role of HPV in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chia Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David P Horowitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Israel Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rahmatullah Rahmati
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jordan M Schecter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tony J C Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10103
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Abstract
Topotecan (TPT), a chemotherapeutic agent, is a topoisomerase-I inhibitor. Topoisomerase-I is a nuclear enzyme that relieves torsion strain in DNA by opening single strand breaks which helps in DNA replication. TPT inhibits this enzyme, thus preventing DNA replication and causes cell death. TPT has demonstrated to have broad spectrum of antitumor activity in tumors like cervical, ovarian, endometrial and small cell lung cancers (SCLCs). The intravenous (IV) formulation of the drug is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with SCLC and ovarian cancer at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 administered daily for five consecutive days, with treatment cycles repeated every 3 weeks. TPT has shown some promising activity in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with favorable side effect profile. Several clinical trials have been conducted with TPT in either IV or oral formulation for the treatment of NSCLC as a first or second-line treatment. Here we reviewed all the clinical trials done with TPT to date in the treatment of NSCLC both as a single-agent and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Vennepureddy
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Atallah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
| | - Terenig Terjanian
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
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10104
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Tiwana MS, Barnes M, Yurkowski E, Roden K, Olson RA. Incidence and treatment patterns of complicated bone metastases in a population-based radiotherapy program. Radiother Oncol 2015; 118:552-6. [PMID: 26515410 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is abundant evidence in support of single fraction (SF) radiation therapy (RT) for uncomplicated bone metastases (BoM). We sought to determine the proportion of BoM that is complicated in a population-based RT program in order to act as a potential guide for assessing SFRT utilization rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 3200 RT courses were prescribed to 1880 consecutive patients diagnosed with BoM in 2013. Associations between choice of RT fractionation and BoM characterization, whether complicated or not, were assessed with logistic regression. RESULTS The incidence of complicated BoM was 34.4%, resulting most often from adverse features of actual pathological fracture (42.1%), and neurological compromise (36.3%). Complicated BoM were most common in lung cancers (24.2%) and in the spine (68.5%), followed by extremity (15.2%) and pelvis (14.4%). SFRT was prescribed less commonly in complicated versus un-complicated BoM (39.4% vs. 70.4%; p<0.001), which was confirmed on multivariable analysis (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.28-0.61; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study found that 34.4% of BoM are complicated by fracture, or neurological compromise (i.e. 65.6% were un-complicated), and that they were less likely to receive SFRT. A reasonable benchmark for SFRT utilization should be at least 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet S Tiwana
- BC Cancer Agency - Centre for the North, Prince George, Canada; University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark Barnes
- BC Cancer Agency - Centre for the North, Prince George, Canada
| | - Emily Yurkowski
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Kelsey Roden
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert A Olson
- BC Cancer Agency - Centre for the North, Prince George, Canada; University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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10105
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Zhang Y, Butelli E, Alseekh S, Tohge T, Rallapalli G, Luo J, Kawar PG, Hill L, Santino A, Fernie AR, Martin C. Multi-level engineering facilitates the production of phenylpropanoid compounds in tomato. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8635. [PMID: 26497596 PMCID: PMC4639801 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids comprise an important class of plant secondary metabolites. A number of transcription factors have been used to upregulate-specific branches of phenylpropanoid metabolism, but by far the most effective has been the fruit-specific expression of AtMYB12 in tomato, which resulted in as much as 10% of fruit dry weight accumulating as flavonols and hydroxycinnamates. We show that AtMYB12 not only increases the demand of flavonoid biosynthesis but also increases the supply of carbon from primary metabolism, energy and reducing power, which may fuel the shikimate and phenylalanine biosynthetic pathways to supply more aromatic amino acids for secondary metabolism. AtMYB12 directly binds promoters of genes encoding enzymes of primary metabolism. The enhanced supply of precursors, energy and reducing power achieved by AtMYB12 expression can be harnessed to engineer high levels of novel phenylpropanoids in tomato fruit, offering an effective production system for bioactives and other high value ingredients. Metabolic engineering offers an effective strategy for producing valuable bioactive compounds in plants. Here, the authors show that by harnessing transcriptional regulation of carbon flux, tomato fruit metabolism can be optimized for the production of phenylpropanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Eugenio Butelli
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Prashant G Kawar
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lionel Hill
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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10106
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Rosinha A, Assis J, Dias F, Nogueira A, Pereira D, Maurício J, Teixeira AL, Medeiros R. DNA repair system and renal cell carcinoma prognosis: under the influence of NBS1. Med Oncol 2015; 32:255. [PMID: 26493193 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nibrin (NBS1) is a protein involved in the maintenance of genomic stability and in DNA repair mechanisms. The NBS1 E185Q polymorphism (rs1805794) has been investigated in several studies, including its influence in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), although its prognostic value is still not determined for these patients. The purpose of the present work was to determine the role of NBS1 E185Q polymorphism as a prognostic factor/genetic marker of survival in patients with RCC. We conducted a hospital-based study analyzing 172 caucasian patients with histopathological diagnosis of RCC, for which polymorphism genotyping was performed by TaqMan(®) Allelic Discrimination methodology. In this study, we have found that male patients, non-metastatic at diagnosis and NBS1 C allele carriers (GC/CC) showed a lower 5-years survival when compared with GG genotype patients (P = 0.045). Furthermore, for carriers of low-activity NBS1 C allele, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed almost a fourfold increase in risk of death at 5 years, after adjustment for age, histological type, Fuhrman's grade, tumor size and vascular permeation (HR 3.92; 95 % CI 1.33-11.57; P = 0.013). There were no statistically significant differences between the NBS1 E185Q genotypes and the assessed patients' clinical-pathological characteristics. Our results demonstrate for the first time the impact of NBS1 E185Q polymorphism in RCC prognosis suggesting that, for RCC male patients non-metastatic at diagnosis, this polymorphism might be a putative genetic marker in the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Rosinha
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto Nogueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal. .,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal. .,CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal. .,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal. .,IPO Porto, R Ant Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
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10107
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Dinnes J, Matin RN, Moreau JF, Patel L, Chan SA, Chuchu N, Bayliss SE, Grainge M, Takwoingi Y, Davenport C, Walter FM, Fleming C, Schofield J, Shroff N, Godfrey K, O'Sullivan C, Deeks JJ, Williams HC. Tests to assist in the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in adults: a generic protocol. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jac Dinnes
- University of Birmingham; Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Birmingham UK B15 2TT
| | - Rubeta N Matin
- Churchill Hospital; Department of Dermatology; Old Road Headington Oxford UK OX3 7LJ
| | - Jacqueline F Moreau
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Internal Medicine; Department of Medicine, Office of Education UPMC Montefiore Hospital, N715 Pittsburgh USA PA, 15213
| | - Lopa Patel
- Royal Stoke Hospital; Plastic Surgery; Stoke-on-Trent Staffordshire UK ST4 6QG
| | - Sue Ann Chan
- NHS; Dermatology; 104 Times Square Avenue Brierley Hill Dudley UK DY5 1SX
| | - Naomi Chuchu
- University of Birmingham; Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Birmingham UK B15 2TT
| | - Susan E Bayliss
- University of Birmingham; Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Birmingham UK B15 2TT
| | - Matthew Grainge
- School of Community Health Sciences; Division of Epidemiology and Public Health; University of Nottingham Nottingham UK NG7 2UH
| | - Yemisi Takwoingi
- University of Birmingham; Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Birmingham UK B15 2TT
| | - Clare Davenport
- University of Birmingham; Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Birmingham UK B15 2TT
| | - Fiona M Walter
- University of Cambridge; Public Health & Primary Care; Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway Cambridge UK CB1 8RN
| | - Colin Fleming
- NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital; Dermatology; Ninewells Drive Dundee UK DD1 9SY
| | - Julia Schofield
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust; Dermatology; Greetwell Street Lincoln UK LN2 5QY
| | - Neil Shroff
- Keyworth Medical Practice; Bunny Lane Keyworth Nottingham UK NG12 5JU
| | - Kathie Godfrey
- The University of Nottingham; c/o Cochrane Skin Group; Nottingham UK
| | | | - Jonathan J Deeks
- University of Birmingham; Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Birmingham UK B15 2TT
| | - Hywel C Williams
- The University of Nottingham; Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology; Queen's Medical Centre Derby Road Nottingham UK NG7 2UH
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10108
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Boukerroucha M, Josse C, ElGuendi S, Boujemla B, Frères P, Marée R, Wenric S, Segers K, Collignon J, Jerusalem G, Bours V. Evaluation of BRCA1-related molecular features and microRNAs as prognostic factors for triple negative breast cancers. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:755. [PMID: 26490435 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The BRCA1 gene plays a key role in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), in which its expression can be lost by multiple mechanisms: germinal mutation followed by deletion of the second allele; negative regulation by promoter methylation; or miRNA-mediated silencing. This study aimed to establish a correlation among the BRCA1-related molecular parameters, tumor characteristics and clinical follow-up of patients to find new prognostic factors. Methods BRCA1 protein and mRNA expression was quantified in situ in the TNBCs of 69 patients. BRCA1 promoter methylation status was checked, as well as cytokeratin 5/6 expression. Maintenance of expressed BRCA1 protein interaction with BARD1 was quantified, as a marker of BRCA1 functionality, and the tumor expression profiles of 27 microRNAs were determined. Results miR-548c-5p was emphasized as a new independent prognostic factor in TNBC. A combination of the tumoral expression of miR-548c and three other known prognostic parameters (tumor size, lymph node invasion and CK 5/6 expression status) allowed for relapse prediction by logistic regression with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.96. BRCA1 mRNA and protein in situ expression, as well as the amount of BRCA1 ligated to BARD1 in the tumor, lacked any associations with patient outcomes, likely due to high intratumoral heterogeneity, and thus could not be used for clinical purposes. Conclusions In situ BRCA1-related expression parameters could be used for clinical purposes at the time of diagnosis. In contrast, miR-548c-5p showed a promising potential as a prognostic factor in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1740-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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10109
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Song YX, Huang XZ, Gao P, Sun JX, Chen XW, Yang YC, Zhang C, Liu HP, Wang HC, Wang ZN. Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Value of Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Dis Markers 2015; 2015:549843. [PMID: 26576068 DOI: 10.1155/2015/549843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background. The clinical value of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 in gastric cancer is controversial. We evaluated the clinicopathologic and prognostic value of CA 19-9 in gastric cancer. Methods. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases. Odds ratios (ORs), risk ratios (RR), hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as effect measures. Results. Thirty-eight studies were included. Results showed that there were significant differences in the incidence of high CA 19-9 levels between stages III/IV and I/II groups (OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 2.34–4.84), the pT3/T4 and pT1/T2 groups (OR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.60–3.59), the lymph node-positive and node-negative groups (OR = 2.91; 95% CI = 2.21–3.84), the metastasis-positive and metastasis-negative groups (OR = 2.76; 95% CI = 1.12–6.82), and vessel invasion-positive and invasion-negative groups (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.11–2.48). Moreover, CA 19-9 was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.56–2.15), disease-free survival (HR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.16–2.95), and disease-specific survival (HR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.10–1.60) in gastric cancer. Conclusions. Our meta-analysis showed that CA 19-9 indicates clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis.
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10110
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Abstract
The discovery of highly recurrent mutations in melanoma, such as BRAF(V600E), completely changed the clinical management including therapy of melanoma patients. In the era of Personalized Medicine targeted melanoma therapies showed high response rates, currently evidenced by BRAF inhibitors or immune-stimulating therapies. In addition to genetic biomarkers, epigenetic knowledge in melanoma has undergone a major step forward in recent years. In particular, epigenetics is unveiling new perspectives to fight this disease, providing an encouraging number of DNA methylation based biomarkers that will likely improve patient stratification for prognosis and treatment. In this regard, putative targetable biomarkers or those with predictive value for the outcome of currently applied therapies are promising tools for future precision oncology strategies. In addition, the progress made in genetic and epigenetic profiling technologies and their reconfiguration to real-time clinical screening approaches makes personalized medicine in melanoma an achievable objective in upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Martinez-Cardús
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel Vizoso
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Moran
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Manzano
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; 2 Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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10111
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Liem GS, Mo FKF, Pang E, Suen JJS, Tang NLS, Lee KM, Yip CHW, Tam WH, Ng R, Koh J, Yip CCH, Kong GWS, Yeo W. Chemotherapy-Related Amenorrhea and Menopause in Young Chinese Breast Cancer Patients: Analysis on Incidence, Risk Factors and Serum Hormone Profiles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140842. [PMID: 26485568 PMCID: PMC4613138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this prospective cross-sectional study on young premenopausal breast cancer patients, the objectives were to: determine the incidences of chemotherapy-related amenorrhea (CRA) and menopause (CRM); identify associated factors; and assess plasma levels of estradiol (E2) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) among patients who developed menopause. METHODS Eligibility criteria include Chinese stage I-III breast cancer patients, premenopausal, age ≤45 at breast cancer diagnosis, having received adjuvant chemotherapy, within 3-10 years after breast cancer diagnosis. Detailed menstrual history prior to and after adjuvant treatment was taken at study entry. Patients' background demographics, tumor characteristics and anti-cancer treatments were collected. The rates of CRA and CRM were determined. Analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with CRM. For postmenopausal patients, levels of E2 and FSH were analyzed. RESULTS 286 patients were recruited; the median time from breast cancer diagnosis to study entry was 5.0 years. 255 patients (91.1%) developed CRA. Of these, 66.7% regained menstruation. At the time of study entry, 137 (48.9%) had developed CRM, amongst whom 84 were age ≤45. On multivariate analysis, age was the only associated factor. Among patients with CRM, the median FSH was 41.0 IU/L; this was significantly lower in those who were taking tamoxifen compared to those who were not (20.1 vs. 59.7 IU/L, p<0.0001). The E2 level was <40 pmol/L; there was no difference between those who were still on tamoxifen or not. CONCLUSION After adjuvant chemotherapy, the majority of young Chinese breast cancer patients developed CRA; ~50% developed CRM, with 61% at age ≤45. Age at diagnosis is the only factor associated with CRM. FSH level may be affected by tamoxifen intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giok S. Liem
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frankie K. F. Mo
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elizabeth Pang
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce J. S. Suen
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nelson L. S. Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun M. Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Claudia H. W. Yip
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing H. Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rita Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jane Koh
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christopher C. H. Yip
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace W. S. Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie Yeo
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Trials Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10112
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Izadifar Z, Belev G, Babyn P, Chapman D. Application of analyzer based X-ray imaging technique for detection of ultrasound induced cavitation bubbles from a physical therapy unit. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:91. [PMID: 26481447 PMCID: PMC4615869 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observation of ultrasound generated cavitation bubbles deep in tissue is very difficult. The development of an imaging method capable of investigating cavitation bubbles in tissue would improve the efficiency and application of ultrasound in the clinic. Among the previous imaging modalities capable of detecting cavitation bubbles in vivo, the acoustic detection technique has the positive aspect of in vivo application. However the size of the initial cavitation bubble and the amplitude of the ultrasound that produced the cavitation bubbles, affect the timing and amplitude of the cavitation bubbles' emissions. METHODS The spatial distribution of cavitation bubbles, driven by 0.8835 MHz therapeutic ultrasound system at output power of 14 Watt, was studied in water using a synchrotron X-ray imaging technique, Analyzer Based Imaging (ABI). The cavitation bubble distribution was investigated by repeated application of the ultrasound and imaging the water tank. The spatial frequency of the cavitation bubble pattern was evaluated by Fourier analysis. Acoustic cavitation was imaged at four different locations through the acoustic beam in water at a fixed power level. The pattern of cavitation bubbles in water was detected by synchrotron X-ray ABI. RESULTS The spatial distribution of cavitation bubbles driven by the therapeutic ultrasound system was observed using ABI X-ray imaging technique. It was observed that the cavitation bubbles appeared in a periodic pattern. The calculated distance between intervals revealed that the distance of frequent cavitation lines (intervals) is one-half of the acoustic wave length consistent with standing waves. CONCLUSION This set of experiments demonstrates the utility of synchrotron ABI for visualizing cavitation bubbles formed in water by clinical ultrasound systems working at high frequency and output powers as low as a therapeutic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - George Belev
- Biomedical Imaging and Therapy Beamlines, Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation, Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2V3, Canada.
| | - Paul Babyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N0W8, Canada.
| | - Dean Chapman
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada. .,Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 3B34 Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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10113
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Wang Y, Yu RY, He QY. Proteomic Analysis of Anticancer TCMs Targeted at Mitochondria. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015:539260. [PMID: 26568766 DOI: 10.1155/2015/539260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a rich resource of anticancer drugs. Increasing bioactive natural compounds extracted from TCMs are known to exert significant antitumor effects, but the action mechanisms of TCMs are far from clear. Proteomics, a powerful platform to comprehensively profile drug-regulated proteins, has been widely applied to the mechanistic investigation of TCMs and the identification of drug targets. In this paper, we discuss several bioactive TCM products including terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides that were extensively investigated by proteomics to illustrate their antitumor mechanisms in various cancers. Interestingly, many of these natural compounds isolated from TCMs mostly exert their tumor-suppressing functions by specifically targeting mitochondria in cancer cells. These TCM components induce the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c, and the accumulation of ROS, initiating apoptosis cascade signaling. Proteomics provides systematic views that help to understand the molecular mechanisms of the TCM in tumor cells; it bears the inherent limitations in uncovering the drug-protein interactions, however. Subcellular fractionation may be coupled with proteomics to capture and identify target proteins in mitochondria-enriched lysates. Furthermore, translating mRNA analysis, a new technology profiling the drug-regulated genes in translatome level, may be integrated into the systematic investigation, revealing global information valuable for understanding the action mechanism of TCMs.
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10114
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Gargiulo P, Arenare L, Pisano C, Cecere SC, Falivene S, Greggi S, Tambaro R, Facchini G, De Palma G, Scaffa C, Della Pepa C, Pignata S, Di Napoli M. Long-Term Toxicity and Quality of Life in Patients Treated for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer. Oncology 2015; 90:29-35. [DOI: 10.1159/000441226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10115
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Kocael A, Vatankulu B, Şimşek O, Cengiz M, Kemik A, Kocael P, Halaç M, Sönmezoğlu K, Ulualp K. Comparison of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT findings with vascular endothelial growth factors and receptors in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:3871-7. [PMID: 26476536 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT findings with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and its receptor (VEGFR) levels in metastatic and nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Fluorine-18 FDG-PET/CT scans were performed for initial staging and restaging of patients with CRC. FDG-PET/CT findings of tumor (such as the presence of a primary tumor, the lymphatic or distance metastases, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor), serum VEGF A-C-D-E levels, and serum VEGF receptor 1-2-3 levels were analyzed. A total of 63 patients were included into the study (35 males, mean age 61.3 ± 11.9 years). Patients were divided into two groups, based on positive and negative PET/CT findings. Patients were also categorized according to the presence of metastasis. All evaluated parameters were significantly higher in the PET/CT-positive group than the PET/CT-negative group (p < 0.001). All those parameters were also positively correlated with each other. The highest correlation for SUVmax of primary tumor was found with VEGFR-3 (p < 0.001, r = 0.665). Patients with metastases had high levels of VEGF-D, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-E, and VEGFR-3 than those without metastases. These parameters had better specificity and sensitivity values than the SUVmax of the primary tumor for detection of metastases. However, VEGF-D was the best indicator of metastasis in all of those parameters (VEGF-D vs SUVmax; sensitivity 100 vs 100 %; specificity 76 vs 76 %; AUC 0.903 vs 0.835; p < 0.001, respectively). Vascular endothelial growth factor family and its receptors were significantly higher in metastatic CRC patients. VEGF-D was the best indicator of metastasis than all VEGF family, VEGFR-3, and primary tumor SUVmax. VEGF family (A-C-D-E) and VEGFR-3 may help to determine the prognosis and management of CRC.
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10116
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Botsikas D, Kalovidouri A, Becker M, Copercini M, Djema DA, Bodmer A, Monnier S, Becker CD, Montet X, Delattre BMA, Ratib O, Garibotto V, Tabouret-viaud C. Clinical utility of 18F-FDG-PET/MR for preoperative breast cancer staging. Eur Radiol 2016; 26:2297-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10117
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Esber N, Le Billan F, Resche-Rigon M, Loosfelt H, Lombès M, Chabbert-Buffet N. Ulipristal Acetate Inhibits Progesterone Receptor Isoform A-Mediated Human Breast Cancer Proliferation and BCl2-L1 Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140795. [PMID: 26474308 PMCID: PMC4608808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) with its isoforms and ligands are involved in breast tumorigenesis and prognosis. We aimed at analyzing the respective contribution of PR isoforms, PRA and PRB, in breast cancer cell proliferation in a new estrogen-independent cell based-model, allowing independent PR isoforms analysis. We used the bi-inducible human breast cancer cell system MDA-iPRAB. We studied the effects and molecular mechanisms of action of progesterone (P4) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), a new selective progesterone receptor modulator, alone or in combination. P4 significantly stimulated MDA-iPRA expressing cells proliferation. This was associated with P4-stimulated expression of the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2-L1 and enhanced recruitment of PRA, SRC-1 and RNA Pol II onto the +58 kb PR binding motif of the BCL2-L1 gene. UPA decreased cell proliferation and repressed BCL2-L1 expression in the presence of PRA, correlating with PRA and SRC1 but not RNA Pol II recruitment. These results bring new information on the mechanism of action of PR ligands in controlling breast cancer cell proliferation through PRA in an estrogen independent model. Evaluation of PR isoforms ratio, as well as molecular signature studies based on PRA target genes could be proposed to facilitate personalized breast cancer therapy. In this context, UPA could be of interest in endocrine therapy. Further confirmation in the clinical setting is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Esber
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- HRA-Pharma, Paris, France
| | - Florian Le Billan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Hugues Loosfelt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien site Tenon, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Scientifique 938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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10118
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Aroui S, Najlaoui F, Chtourou Y, Meunier AC, Laajimi A, Kenani A, Fetoui H. Naringin inhibits the invasion and migration of human glioblastoma cell via downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and inactivation of p38 signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:3831-9. [PMID: 26474590 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and malignant primary brain tumors. They are associated with a poor prognosis despite the availability of multiple therapeutic options. Naringin, a common dietary flavonoid abundantly present in fruits and vegetables, is believed to possess strong anti-proliferative and anti-cancer properties. However, there are no reports describing its effects on the invasion and migration of glioblastoma cell lines. Our results showed that the treatment of U251 glioma cell lines with different concentrations of naringin inhibited the invasion and migration of these cells. In addition, we revealed a decrease in the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2) and (MMP-9) expression as well as proteinase activity in U251 glioma cells. In contrast, the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) and (TIMP-2) was increased. Furthermore, naringin treatment decreased significantly the phosphorylated level of p38. Combined treatment with a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) resulted in the synergistic reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions correlated with an increase of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions and the anti-invasive properties. However, p38 chemical activator (anisomycin) could block these effects produced by naringin, suggesting a direct downregulation of the p38 signaling pathway. These data suggest that naringin may have therapeutic potential for controlling invasiveness of malignant gliomas by inhibiting of p38 signal transduction pathways.
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10119
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Boccardi V, Marano L, Rossetti RRA, Rizzo MR, di Martino N, Paolisso G. Serum CD26 levels in patients with gastric cancer: a novel potential diagnostic marker. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:703. [PMID: 26471376 PMCID: PMC4608357 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD26 is an ectoenzyme with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity expressed on a variety of cell types. Considering that serum CD26 levels have been previously associated with different cancers, we examined the potential diagnostic value of serum CD26 levels in gastric cancer. METHODS Soluble serum CD26 levels were measured in pre and postoperative serum samples of 30 patients with gastric cancer and in 24 healthy donors by a specific ELISA kit. RESULTS We found significantly lower serum CD26 levels in patients with gastric cancer (557.7 ± 118.3 pg/mL) compared with healthy donors (703.4 ± 170.3 pg/mL). Moreover patients with HER2 positive tumors had significantly lower CD26 serum levels (511.8 ± 84.8 pg/mL) compared with HER2 negative tumors (619.1 ± 109.9 pg/mL, p = 0.006). A binary logistic model having gastric cancer as the dependent variable while age, gender, CEA, CA19.9 and CD26 levels as covariates, showed that CD26 serum levels were independently associated with gastric cancer presence. Indeed after 3 months from surgery serum CD26 levels significantly increased (700.1 ± 119.9 pg/mL vs 557.7 ± 118.3 pg/ml) in all patients (t = -4.454, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This is a preliminary study showing that the measurement of serum CD26 levels could represent an early detection marker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Boccardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Surgical, Neurological Metabolic Disease and Geriatric Medicine, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Marano
- General, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery, "San Matteo degli Infermi" Hospital, ASL Umbria 2, 06049, Spoleto PG, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Rita Amalia Rossetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Surgical, Neurological Metabolic Disease and Geriatric Medicine, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Surgical, Neurological Metabolic Disease and Geriatric Medicine, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Natale di Martino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Surgical, Neurological Metabolic Disease and Geriatric Medicine, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Surgical, Neurological Metabolic Disease and Geriatric Medicine, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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10120
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Liu H, Song Z, Liao D, Zhang T, Liu F, Zheng W, Luo K, Yang L. miR-503 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in glioma by targeting L1CAM. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18441-18447. [PMID: 26770450 PMCID: PMC4694350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated microRNAs and their roles in tumorigenesis have attracted much attention in recent years. Although miR-503 has been reported to be aberrant expression in several cancers, its role in glioma remains unknown. In this study, we focused on the expression and mechanisms of miR-503 in glioma development. We found that miR-503 was downregulated in glioma cell lines and tumor tissues, and the restoration of miR-503 reduced cell proliferation invasion. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis indicated that L1CAM was a putative target of miR-503. In a Luciferase reporter system, we confirmed that L1CAM was a direct target gene of miR-503. These findings indicate that miR-503 suppresses glioma cell growth by negatively regulating the expression of L1CAM. Collectively, our data identify the important roles of miR-503 in glioma pathogenesis, indicating its potential application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Song
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Daguang Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
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10121
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Kobori I, Suda T, Nakamoto A, Saito H, Okawa O, Sudo R, Gyotoku Y, Katayama Y, Tamano M. Two cases of immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis in which transabdominal ultrasonography was useful in diagnosis and follow-up observation. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2015; 43:271-7. [PMID: 27033871 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-015-0676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) represents a group of disorders that share features of inflammation, plasma cell infiltrates, and fibrosis. Sclerosing cholangitis is a disorder involving inflammation, scarring, and destruction of the bile ducts. IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) has been proposed as a bile duct lesion associated with IgG4-RD. This disease entity can be distinguished from other types of sclerosing cholangitis and classified into four types based upon the region of strictures revealed by cholangiography. Here, we present two cases in which the finding of bile duct wall thickening visualized with transabdominal ultrasonography was useful in the diagnosis of patients with IgG4-SC. At present, transabdominal ultrasonography is not included in the diagnostic algorithm for IgG4-SC. We are certain that detailed observation of the bile duct wall with transabdominal ultrasonography can make a significant contribution to the diagnosis of IgG4-SC. Furthermore, we propose that transabdominal ultrasonography may be useful in following clinical improvement in cases where a steroid trial is the best option for treatment. Both cases emphasize the practicality of transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis and follow-up observation of IgG4-SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuhiro Kobori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Okawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Rion Sudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Gyotoku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Yasumi Katayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Masaya Tamano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan.
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10122
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Chun YK. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Female Reproductive Tract: A Literature Review. J Pathol Transl Med 2015; 49:jptm.2015.9.20. [PMID: 26459408 PMCID: PMC4696532 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.09.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors of the female reproductive tract are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that display various histologic findings and biologic behaviors. In this review, the classification and clinicopathologic characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors of the female reproductive tract are described. Differential diagnoses are discussed, especially for non-neuroendocrine tumors showing high-grade nuclei with neuroendocrine differentiation. This review also discusses recent advances in our pathogenetic understanding of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kyeong Chun
- Department of Pathology, Cheil General Hospital and Women’s Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10123
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Wahab AA, Salim MIM, Ahamat MA, Manaf NA, Yunus J, Lai KW. Thermal distribution analysis of three-dimensional tumor-embedded breast models with different breast density compositions. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 54:1363-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10124
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Hampson L, Martin-Hirsch P, Hampson IN. An overview of early investigational drugs for the treatment of human papilloma virus infection and associated dysplasia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1529-37. [PMID: 26457651 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1099628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) related invasive cervical cancer (ICC) causes >270,000 deaths per annum world-wide with over 85% of these occurring in low-resource countries. Ablative and excisional treatment modalities are restricted for use with high-grade pre-cancerous cervical disease with HPV infection and low-grade dysplasia mostly managed by a watch-and-wait policy. AREAS COVERED Various pharmacological approaches have been investigated as non-destructive alternatives for the treatment of HR-HPV infection and associated dysplasia. These are discussed dealing with efficacy, ease-of-use (physician or self-applied), systemic or locally applied, side-effects, cost and risks. The main focus is the perceived impact on current clinical practice of a self-applied, effective and safe pharmacological anti-HPV treatment. EXPERT OPINION Current prophylactic HPV vaccines are expensive, HPV type restricted and have little effect in already infected women. Therapeutic vaccines are under development but are also HPV type-restricted. At present, the developed nations use national cytology screening and surgical procedures to treat only women identified with HPV-related high-grade dysplastic disease. However, since HPV testing is rapidly replacing cytology as the test-of-choice, a suitable topically-applied and low-cost antiviral treatment could be an ideal solution for treatment of HPV infection per se with test-of-cure carried out by repeat HPV testing. Cytology would only then be necessary for women who remained HPV positive. Although of significant benefit in the developed countries, combining such a treatment with self-sampled HPV testing could revolutionise the management of this disease in the developing world which lack both the infrastructure and resources to establish national cytology screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Hampson
- a Viral Oncology Laboratories, Research Floor, St Mary's Hospital , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9WL , UK
| | - Pierre Martin-Hirsch
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Royal Preston Hospital , Preston PR2 9HT , UK
| | - Ian N Hampson
- a Viral Oncology Laboratories, Research Floor, St Mary's Hospital , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9WL , UK
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10125
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Ma Q, Chen D, Sun HP, Yan N, Xu Y, Pan CW. Regular Chinese Green Tea Consumption is Protective for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Clinic-Based Case-Control Study. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:231570. [PMID: 26539551 PMCID: PMC4619946 DOI: 10.1155/2015/231570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between regular Chinese green tea consumption and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetic patients in China. METHODS 100 DR patients and 100 age-sex-matched diabetic controls without retinopathy were recruited in a clinic-based, case-control study. DR was defined from retinal photographs and detailed information on Chinese green tea consumption of the participants was collected through a face-to-face interview. RESULTS The crude odds ratio [OR] of Chinese green tea consumption for DR was 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.26-0.90). When stratified by sex, the protective effect of Chinese green tea consumption on DR was statistically significant in women (P = 0.01) but not in men (P = 0.63). After adjusting for age, sex, and other confounders, DR was significantly associated with Chinese green tea consumption (OR = 0.48; P = 0.04), higher systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02; P = 0.05), longer duration of diabetes (OR = 1.07; P = 0.02), and the presence of family history of diabetes (OR = 2.35; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients who had regularly drunk Chinese green tea every week for at least one year in their lives had a DR risk reduction of about 50% compared with those who had not. Regular Chinese green tea consumption may be a novel approach for the prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- The 3rd People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou 215134, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Peng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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10126
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Fox MJ, Gibbs P, Pickles MD. Minkowski functionals: An MRI texture analysis tool for determination of the aggressiveness of breast cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:903-10. [PMID: 26453892 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work aims to see whether Minkowski Functionals can be used to distinguish between cancer types before chemotherapy treatment has begun, and whether a response to treatment can be predicted by an initial scan alone. METHODS Fat-nulled T1w 3T DCE-MRI scans were taken of 100 cases of biopsy confirmed breast cancer and a series of binary images created on lesion containing slices. Minkowski Functionals were calculated for each binary image and the change in these values as the binary threshold was raised was described using 6(th) order polynomials. These polynomials were used to compare between patient subgroups, for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) status, chemotherapy response, biopsy grade, nodal status, and lymphovascular invasion status. RESULTS When using Minkowski Functionals statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences were found between TNBC status, biopsy grade, and lymphovascular invasion status subgroups for all methodologies. The analysis performance did not appear to be affected by the number of threshold steps used. Most notably, very strong differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found between TNBC and other intrinsic subtype patients. When analyzed with a binary logistic regression model, an area under the curve value of 0.917 (0.846-0.987, 95% confidence interval) for TNBC classification was found. CONCLUSION The method of texture analysis presented here provides a novel way to characterize tumors, and demonstrates clear differences between cancer groups which are detectable before treatment begins, and can help with treatment planning as a valuable prognosis tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Fox
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance Investigations, HYMS at University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance Investigations, HYMS at University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Martin D Pickles
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance Investigations, HYMS at University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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10127
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Lee H, Jeong SJ, Hong SK, Byun SS, Lee SE, Oh JJ. High preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. World J Urol 2015; 34:821-7. [PMID: 26449784 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-015-1701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and oncological outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1367 patients who underwent RP between November 2003 and April 2012. Patients who underwent a concurrent biopsy/procedure in other organs, had evidence of acute infection, or had systemic inflammatory disease were excluded. We divided the patients by NLR level and analyzed their perioperative outcomes. To determine NLR significance, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis of the pathological adverse outcomes and a Cox proportional hazard analysis of the biochemical recurrence (BCR), which was defined as a prostate-specific antigen level ≥0.2 ng/mL on two consecutive tests. RESULTS Among the 1367 patients, 158 (11.6 %) in the high-NLR (≥2.5) group had a higher biopsy Gleason score (p < 0.001), pathological Gleason score (p < 0.001), and pathological stage (p < 0.001) than patients in the low-NLR (<2.5) group (n = 1209, 88.4 %). Multivariate analysis revealed that high NLR was significantly correlated with adverse pathological outcomes of higher pathological stage (HR 1.688; 95 % CI 1.142-2.497; p = 0.009) and extracapsular extension (HR 1.698; 95 % CI 1.146-2.516; p = 0.008). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly worse BCR-free survival (p < 0.001) in patients with a high NLR. A high NLR was a significant predictor of BCR after RP (HR 1.358; 95 % CI 1.008-1.829; p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS High NLR was significantly related to unfavorable clinicopathological outcomes and worse BCR-free survival. Further studies are needed to clarify the correlation between NLR and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakmin Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Jong Jin Oh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea.
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10128
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Koizume S, Ito S, Yoshioka Y, Kanayama T, Nakamura Y, Yoshihara M, Yamada R, Ochiya T, Ruf W, Miyagi E, Hirahara F, Miyagi Y. High-level secretion of tissue factor-rich extracellular vesicles from ovarian cancer cells mediated by filamin-A and protease-activated receptors. Thromb Haemost 2015; 115:299-310. [PMID: 26446354 DOI: 10.1160/th15-03-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thromboembolic events occur frequently in ovarian cancer patients. Tissue factor (TF) is often overexpressed in tumours, including ovarian clear-cell carcinoma (CCC), a subtype with a generally poor prognosis. TF-coagulation factor VII (fVII) complexes on the cell surface activate downstream coagulation mechanisms. Moreover, cancer cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as vehicles for TF. We therefore examined the characteristics of EVs produced by ovarian cancer cells of various histological subtypes. CCC cells secreted high levels of TF within EVs, while the high-TF expressing breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 shed fewer TF-positive EVs. We also found that CCC tumours with hypoxic tissue areas synthesised TF and fVII in vivo, rendering the blood of xenograft mice bearing these tumours hypercoagulable compared with mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumours. Incorporation of TF into EVs and secretion of EVs from CCC cells exposed to hypoxia were both dependent on the actin-binding protein, filamin-A (filA). Furthermore, production of these EVs was dependent on different protease-activated receptors (PARs) on the cell surface. These results show that CCC cells could produce large numbers of TF-positive EVs dependent upon filA and PARs. This phenomenon may be the mechanism underlying the increased incidence of venous thromboembolism in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koizume
- Shiro Koizume, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan, Tel.: +81 45 391 5761, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yohei Miyagi
- Yohei Miyagi, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan, Tel.: +81 45 391 5761, E-mail:
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10129
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Taheriazam A, Talaei AJ, Jamshidi M, Shakeri M, Khoshbakht S, Yahaghi E, Shokrani M. Up-regulation of miR-130b expression level and down-regulation of miR-218 serve as potential biomarker in the early detection of human osteosarcoma. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:184. [PMID: 26446495 PMCID: PMC4596511 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor with high morbidity that principally emerges in children and adolescents. MiRNAs regulate a variety of normal physiologic processes and are involved in tumorigenesis and development of multiple malignancies, including OS. This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of miR-130b and miR-218 in osteosarcoma patient. Methods We utilized quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate the level of miR-130b and miR-218 expressions in OS patients and normal tissues and their relationship with clinicopathological features and survival in OS patients. Results QRT-PCR indicated that miR-130b expression in tumor tissues was strongly elevated than adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.001), while the level of miR-218 expression in osteosarcoma tissues was down-regulated than adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.001). We evaluated the clinical significance of miR-130b and miR-218 in osteosarcoma. Clinical correlation analysis showed that increased expression of miR-130b and decreased expression of miR-218 were significantly associated with advanced tumor stage (x2 = 6.285, P < 0.009; x2 = 7.172, P < 0.007), distant metastasis (x2
= 5.528; P < 0.001; x2 = 4.617, P < 0.001) and size of tumor (x2 = 5.01, P = 0.013; x2 = 4.271, P = 0.019). Conclusions Taken together, our data indicated that high miR-130b level and low level of miR-218 are associated with poor clinicopathological characteristics. Furthermore, miR-130b may play a key role in the progression of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Jouya Talaei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jamshidi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Shakeri
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Khoshbakht
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Emad Yahaghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Shokrani
- Graduate, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10130
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Xiong J, Wang R, Sun Y, Chen H. Clinical analysis of sixty-four patients with T1aN2M0 stage non-small cell lung cancer who had undergone resection. Thorac Cancer 2015; 7:215-21. [PMID: 27042224 PMCID: PMC4773294 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of T1aN2M0 stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Method From November 2008 to May 2013, 498 patients with T1a‐stage NSCLC who visited the Shanghai Cancer Center were included in the study. All patients underwent a lobectomy or segmentectomy with systematic nodal resection for primary lung cancer. Analyses of gender, smoking history, primary tumor site, tumor location, tumor size, pathological classification, cancer gene, pleural invasion, number of positive lymph nodes, skip N2, single or multiple station N2, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were performed. Result There were significant differences in tumor size, tumor size distribution, adenocarcinoma subgroup, and number of positive lymph nodes between patients at T1aN2M0 and T1aN0M0 stages. The most common histology of the T1aN2M0 subgroup was adenocarcinoma. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were the most common gene mutation in T1aN2M0 stage NSCLC. There were significant differences in five‐year OS and PFS rates between patients with T1aN2M0, T1aN0M0, and T1aN1M0 stages. Multivariate analyses of mediastinal lymph node metastasis showed that gender, tumor size distribution, and histology type were significant predictive factors. Multivariate analyses of OS and PFS rates in the T1aN2M0 subgroup showed that the number of positive lymph nodes was a significant predictive factor. Conclusion Gender, tumor size distribution, and histology type were independent predictors of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with T1a stage. The number of positive lymph nodes was significantly associated with OS and PFS rates in patients with T1aN2M0 stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) Shanghai China; Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) Shanghai China; Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yihua Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) Shanghai China; Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) Shanghai China; Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
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10131
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Abstract
This work investigated the use of superheated fluorocarbon nanodrops for ultrasound thermal imaging and the use of mixed fluorocarbons for tuning thermal and acoustic thresholds for vaporization. Droplets were fabricated by condensing phospholipid-coated microbubbles containing C3F8 and C4F10 mixed at various molar ratios. Vaporization temperatures first were measured in a closed system by optical transmission following either isothermal pressure release or isobaric heating. The vaporization temperature was found to depend linearly on the percentage of C4F10 in the droplet core, indicating excellent tunability under these fluorocarbon-saturated conditions. Vaporization temperatures were then measured in an open system using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, where it was found that the mixed droplets behaved like pure C4F10 drops. Additionally, the critical mechanical index for vaporization was measured at the limits of therapeutic hyperthermia (37 and 60 °C), and again the mixed droplets were found to behave like pure C4F10 drops. These results suggested that C3F8 preferentially dissolves out of the droplet core in open systems, as shown by a simple mass transfer model of multicomponent droplet dissolution. Finally, proof-of-concept was shown that pure C4F10 nanodrops can be used as an acoustic temperature probe. Overall, these results not only demonstrate the potential of superheated fluorocarbon emulsions for sonothermetry but also point to the limits of tunability for fluorocarbon mixtures owing to preferential release of the more soluble species to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Mountford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - William S Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mark A Borden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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10132
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Won C, Kim B, Yi EH, Choi K, Kim E, Jeong J, Lee J, Jang J, Yoon J, Jeong W, Park I, Kim TW, Bae SS, Factor VM, Ma S, Thorgeirsson SS, Lee Y, Ye S. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated CD133 up-regulation contributes to promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2015; 62:1160-73. [PMID: 26154152 PMCID: PMC5049669 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Enhanced expression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker, CD133, is closely associated with a higher rate of tumor formation and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Despite its clinical significance, the molecular mechanism underlying the deregulation of CD133 during tumor progression remains to be clarified. Here, we report on a novel mechanism by which interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling up-regulates expression of CD133 and promotes HCC progression. STAT3 activated by IL-6 rapidly bound to CD133 promoter and increased protein levels of CD133 in HCC cells. Reversely, in hypoxic conditions, RNA interference silencing of STAT3 resulted in decrease of CD133 levels, even in the presence of IL-6, with a concomitant decrease of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression. Active STAT3 interacted with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit to positively regulate the transcription of HIF-1α providing a mechanistic explanation on how those three oncogenes work together to increase the activity of CD133 in a hypoxic liver microenvironment. Activation of STAT3 and its consequent induction of HIF-1α and CD133 expression were not observed in Toll-like receptor 4/IL-6 double-knockout mice. Long-term silencing of CD133 by a lentiviral-based approach inhibited cancer cell-cycle progression and suppressed in vivo tumorigenicity by down-regulating expression of cytokinesis-related genes, such as TACC1, ACF7, and CKAP5. We also found that sorafenib and STAT3 inhibitor nifuroxazide inhibit HCC xenograft formation by blocking activation of STAT3 and expression of CD133 and HIF-1α proteins. CONCLUSION IL-6/STAT3 signaling induces expression of CD133 through functional cooperation with NF-κB and HIF-1α during liver carcinogenesis. Targeting STAT3-mediated CD133 up-regulation may represent a novel, effective treatment by eradicating the liver tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhee Won
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Neuro‐Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Byung‐Hak Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Biomedical Science Project (BK21), Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eun Hee Yi
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kyung‐Ju Choi
- Department of Radiation OncologyBrain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eun‐Kyung Kim
- Department of PharmacologyPusan National University School of MedicineYangsanSouth Korea
| | - Jong‐Min Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Jae‐Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular OncologyCheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ja‐June Jang
- Department of PathologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jung‐Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Won‐Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - In‐Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer ResearchKorea Institute of Radiological & Medical SciencesSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Infection and ImmunologyGraduate School of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of PharmacologyPusan National University School of MedicineYangsanSouth Korea
| | - Valentina M. Factor
- Laboratory of Experimental CarcinogenesisThe Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Stephanie Ma
- Department of AnatomyState Key Laboratory for Liver Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental CarcinogenesisThe Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Yun‐Han Lee
- Department of Radiation OncologyBrain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sang‐Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Neuro‐Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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10133
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DeSantis CE, Bray F, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Anderson BO, Jemal A. International Variation in Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1495-506. [PMID: 26359465 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Herein, we examine global trends in female breast cancer rates using the most up-to-date data available. METHODS Breast cancer incidence and mortality estimates were obtained from GLOBOCAN 2012 (globocan.iarc.fr). We analyzed trends from 1993 onward using incidence data from 39 countries from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and mortality data from 57 countries from the World Health Organization. RESULTS Of 32 countries with incidence and mortality data, rates in the recent period diverged-with incidence increasing and mortality decreasing-in nine countries mainly in Northern/Western Europe. Both incidence and mortality decreased in France, Israel, Italy, Norway, and Spain. In contrast, incidence and death rates both increased in Colombia, Ecuador, and Japan. Death rates also increased in Brazil, Egypt, Guatemala, Kuwait, Mauritius, Mexico, and Moldova. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer mortality rates are decreasing in most high-income countries, despite increasing or stable incidence rates. In contrast and of concern are the increasing incidence and mortality rates in a number of countries, particularly those undergoing rapid changes in human development. Wide variations in breast cancer rates and trends reflect differences in patterns of risk factors and access to and availability of early detection and timely treatment. IMPACT Increased awareness about breast cancer and the benefits of early detection and improved access to treatment must be prioritized to successfully implement breast cancer control programs, particularly in transitioning countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Breast Health Global Initiative, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- American Cancer Society Intramural Research, Atlanta, Georgia
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10134
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Lee JH, Jiang Y, Kwon YT, Lee MJ. Pharmacological Modulation of the N-End Rule Pathway and Its Therapeutic Implications. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:782-797. [PMID: 26434644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The N-end rule pathway is a proteolytic system in which single N-terminal amino acids of short-lived substrates determine their metabolic half-lives. Substrates of this pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including malignancies, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge about the mechanism and functions of the N-end rule pathway. Pharmacological strategies for the modulation of target substrate degradation are also reviewed, with emphasis on their in vivo implications. Given the rapid advances in structural and biochemical understanding of the recognition components (N-recognins) of the N-end rule pathway, small-molecule inhibitors and activating ligands of N-recognins emerge as therapeutic agents with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanxialei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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10135
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Jin Y, Zhao M, Xie Q, Zhang H, Wang Q, Ma Q. MicroRNA-338-3p functions as tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting SOX4. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1594-602. [PMID: 26252944 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-338-3p (miR‑338-3p), a recently discovered miRNA, has been reported to be downregulated and play tumor suppressor roles in gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal carcinoma and lung cancer by targeting several genes. However, the role and potential mechanism of miR‑338-3p in breast cancer (BC) is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of miR‑338-3p in human breast cancer. miR‑338-3p expression was determined by qRT-PCR in human BC cell lines, and clinical significantly of miR‑338-3p expression was further evaluated. Furthermore, the function of miR‑338-3p in breast cancer also was investigated by several in vitro approaches and in nude mouse models. Luciferase assay and western blot analysis were performed to validate the potential targets of miR‑338-3p after the preliminary screening by employing open access software. It was found that miR‑338-3p was significantly downregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines and the low expression of miR‑338-3p was inversely correlated with lymph node metastatic and TNM stage status (P<0.01). Function assay showed that the overexpression of miR‑338-3p in BC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1/G0 stage, as well as suppressed tumor growth in the nude mouse model. Luciferase assay and western blot analysis identified sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4) as a direct and functional target of miR‑338-3p. These findings revealed that miR‑338-3p may act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting SOX4, suggesting miR‑338-3p as a novel strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Ultrasonography, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun 13033, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun 13033, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun 13033, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun 13033, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun 13033, P.R. China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun 13033, P.R. China
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10136
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Freitas AGQ, Weller M. Patient delays and system delays in breast cancer treatment in developed and developing countries. Ciênc saúde coletiva 2015; 20:3177-89. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320152010.19692014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDelays in treating breast cancer have been associated with a more advanced stage of the disease and a decrease in patient survival rates. The scope of this integrative review was to analyze the main causal factors and types of patient and system delays. The underlying causal factors of delays were compared among studies conducted in developing and developed countries. Of the 53 studies selected, 24 were carried out in developing countries and 29 in developed countries, respectively. Non-attribution of symptoms to cancer, fear of the disease and treatment and low educational level were the most frequent causes of patient delay. Less comprehensive health insurance coverage, older/younger age and false negative diagnosis tests were the three most common causal factors of system delay. The effects of factors such as age were not decisive per se and depended mainly on the social and cultural context. Some factors caused both patient delay and system delay. Studies conducted in developing countries identified more causal factors of patient delay and had a stronger focus on patient delay or the combination of both. Studies conducted in developed countries had a stronger focus on aspects of system delay during treatment and guidance of breast cancer patients in the health care system.
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10137
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Olayide A, Samuel O, Ganiyu R, Moses A, Gafar O, Abiola D, Dapo K, John A. How Effective is the Treatment of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer in Developing Centres?: A Retrospective Review. Ethiop J Health Sci 2015; 25:337-44. [PMID: 26949298 PMCID: PMC4762972 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v25i4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of chemotherapy in advanced metastatic breast cancer remains a subject of controversy. The thought of MicKinnon et al (early 1950s) that the course of breast cancer was unaffected by chemotherapy has been refuted by results of treatment in the developed countries. The poor result of treatment in developing centres still compares with prechemotherapy era. Consequently, The McKinnon's thought may still lurk. We compared the survival of chemotherapy treated with chemotherapy untreated cancer of breast patients. METHOD Records of breast cancer patients who presented and died between January 2010 and May 2014 were reviewed. The primary outcome was overall survival. Records of patients that received chemotherapy with or without other tumor directed specific therapy were compared with records of patients who did not receive any tumor directed therapy. RESULT Thirty-one patients received chemotherapy while 25 patients did not. All were females, more than 90% were of the patients had advanced or metastatic disease. Treatments were not biologically directed and treatment plans were largely compromised and suboptimal. The overall mean survival was 19.2 ±9.2 months, and the median duration was 17.5 months(range 6-44months). The overall survival was not statistically different between the two groups (p= 0.230, unequal variance assumed). The objective of using neoadjuvant chemotherapy for fungating lesions was not achieved. CONCLUSION In advanced and metastatic breast cancer, outcomes of patients who receive suboptimal regimen of cytotoxic chemotherapy do not differ from chemotherapy untreated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agodirin Olayide
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Olatoke Samuel
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Rahman Ganiyu
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Adeoti Moses
- Department of Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and Ladoke Akintola Univeristy of Technology Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oyeyemi Gafar
- Department of Statistics, Unversity of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Durojaiye Abiola
- Pain and Palliative Unit. University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
| | - Kolawole Dapo
- Department of Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and Ladoke Akintola Univeristy of Technology Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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10138
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Abstract
Therapies targeting estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), including selective ER modulators such as tamoxifen, selective ER downregulators such as fulvestrant (ICI 182 780), and aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole, are successfully used in treating breast cancer patients whose initial tumor expresses ERα. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of endocrine therapies is limited by acquired resistance. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression of endocrine-resistant breast cancer is of keen interest in developing biomarkers and therapies to counter metastatic disease. This review focuses on miRNAs implicated as disruptors of antiestrogen therapies, their bona fide gene targets and associated pathways promoting endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penn Muluhngwi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsCenter for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsCenter for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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10139
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Qi L, Toyoda H, Xu DQ, Zhou Y, Sakurai N, Amano K, Kihira K, Hori H, Azuma E, Komada Y. PDK1-mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors reduce cell proliferation in MK2206 resistant neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:91. [PMID: 26421002 PMCID: PMC4587771 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose AKT plays a pivotal role in the signal transduction of cancer cells. MK2206, an AKT inhibitor, has been shown to be an effective anti-cancer drug to a variety of cancer cell lines. However, some cancer cells acquire resistance to MK2206 and new strategies to suppress these cell lines remain to be developed. Experimental design Acquired MK-2206-resistant neuroblastoma (NB) cell sublines were induced by stepwise escalation of MK-2206 exposure (4–12 weeks). MTT assay was used to validate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed for cell cycle analysis. Western blot assay was used for cell signaling study. Results MK2206 (5–10 µmol) significantly suppressed cell growth of MK2206 non-resistant NB cells (LAN-1, KP-N-SIFA, NB-19 and SK-N-DZ), but is less efficient in inhibiting that of resistant sublines, even after 2-week MK2206-free incubation. MK2206 acted in mTOR-S6K dependent and independent methods. MK-2206 resistant sublines (LAN-1-MK, KP-N-SIFA-MK, and SK-N-DZ-MK) showed lower IC50 of GSK2334470 (PDK1 inhibitor). The cell growth of all sublines was prohibited by AZD8805 (mTOR inhibitor), with IC50 of AZD8805 3–10 times lower than MK2206 non-resistant cells. The signaling profiles of these resistant sublines were characterized by elevated PDK1-mTOR-S6K activity, accompanying by low phosphorylation of AKT compared with non-resistant counterparts. GSK2334470 and AZD8055 effectively inhibited phosphorylation of PDK1 and mTOR, respectively, and induced higher G0–G1 ratio in LAN-1-MK than that in LAN-1 as well. PDK1 and mTOR inhibitors effected on phosphorylation of GSK3β in some of resistant sublines. Conclusion NB cells can acquire MK2206 resistance after exposure for 4–12 weeks. Resistant cells feature reliance on PDK1-mTOR-S6K pathway and are more sensitive to PDK1 and mTOR inhibitors than the non-resistant counterparts. Thus, suppression of PDK1-mTOR-S6K signaling pathway is an effective way to overcome the MK2206 resistance, and this may be a promising strategy for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan ; Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Hidemi Toyoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Dong-Qing Xu
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan ; Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Naoto Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Keishirou Amano
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Kentaro Kihira
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Hiroki Hori
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Eiichi Azuma
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
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10140
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the rarest subtype of thyroid cancer; however, it disproportionately accounts for a large percentage of all thyroid cancer-related deaths and is considered one of the most lethal solid tumors in humans, having a median survival of only a few months upon diagnosis. Although a variety of treatment options are available including surgery, radiation and targeted therapies, response rates are low, due in part to the drug-resistant nature of this disease; therefore, new avenues for therapeutic intervention are surely needed. Recent investigation into the metabolic profile of ATC has revealed a tumor-specific dependency for increased de novo lipogenesis, offering new insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern disease initiation and progression. AREAS COVERED Herein we summarize known oncogenic signaling pathways and current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ATC. We further discuss the unique expression pattern of lipid metabolism constituents in this disease. Additionally, the current literature correlating aberrant lipogenesis with carcinogenesis is reviewed, and the implications of targeting this pathway as an innovative approach for treating ATC and other malignancies are discussed. As stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the most differentially expressed constituent of lipid metabolism in ATC, an additional focus on this enzyme as a novel therapeutic target is applied. EXPERT OPINION This section is used to summarize the current research efforts underway in defining the role of lipid metabolism specifically in thyroid carcinoma. Included is a brief summary of lipid metabolism factors for which inhibitors have been generated and are under current investigation as anti-cancer agents. Finally, research limitations regarding the use of these inhibitors against components of this pathway are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Copland
- b 2 Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, The Department of Cancer Biology , Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA ;
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10141
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van der Veen SJ, Faber H, Ghobadi G, Brandenburg S, Langendijk JA, Coppes RP, van Luijk P. Decreasing Irradiated Rat Lung Volume Changes Dose-Limiting Toxicity From Early to Late Effects. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 94:163-171. [PMID: 26700710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Technological developments in radiation therapy result in smaller irradiated volumes of normal tissue. Because the risk of radiation therapy-induced toxicity generally depends on irradiated volume, changing volume could change the dose-limiting toxicity of a treatment. Recently, in our rat model, we found that early radiation-induced lung dysfunction (RILD) was closely related to irradiated volume dependent vascular remodeling besides inflammation. The exact relationship between early and late RILD is still unknown. Therefore, in this preclinical study we investigated the dose-volume relationship of late RILD, assessed its dependence on early and late pathologies and studied if decreasing irradiated volume changed the dose-limiting toxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALS A volume of 25%, 32%, 50%, 63%, 88%, or 100% of the rat lung was irradiated using protons. Until 26 weeks after irradiation, respiratory rates were measured. Macrovascular remodeling, pulmonary inflammation, and fibrosis were assessed at 26 weeks after irradiation. For all endpoints dose-volume response curves were made. These results were compared to our previously published early lung effects. RESULTS Early vascular remodeling and inflammation correlated significantly with early RILD. Late RILD correlated with inflammation and fibrosis, but not with vascular remodeling. In contrast to the early effects, late vascular remodeling, inflammation and fibrosis showed a primarily dose but not volume dependence. Comparison of respiratory rate increases early and late after irradiation for the different dose-distributions indicated that with decreasing irradiated volumes, the dose-limiting toxicity changed from early to late RILD. CONCLUSIONS In our rat model, different pathologies underlie early and late RILD with different dose-volume dependencies. Consequently, the dose-limiting toxicity changed from early to late dysfunction when the irradiated volume was reduced. In patients, early and late RILD are also due to different pathologies. As such, new radiation techniques reducing irradiated volume might change the dose-limiting toxicity of the radiation therapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja J van der Veen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hette Faber
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ghazaleh Ghobadi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sytze Brandenburg
- KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Luijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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10142
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Xiao Y, Pan J, Chen Y, Lin S, Chen Y, Zong J, Fang Y, Guo Q, Chen B, Tang L. Prognostic value of MRI-derived masticator space involvement in IMRT-treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:204. [PMID: 26407897 PMCID: PMC4582819 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This retrospective study reassessed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), to determine the significance how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived masticator space involvement (MSI) affected patients’ prognosis. Methods One thousand one hundred ninety seven NPC patients who had complete set of MRI and medical records were enrolled. Basing on their MRI findings, the T-categories of tumors were identified according to the seventh edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, which considers MSI a prognostic indicator for NPCs. Rates of overall survival (OS), local relapse-free survival (LRFS), regional relapse-free survival (RRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Log-Rank test compared their differences. Cox regression analysis was employed to evaluate various prognostic factors systematically. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 18.0 software, P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Medial pterygoid muscle (MPM) was involved in 283 (23.64 %) cases, of which lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) was concurrently affected in 181 (15.12 %) and infratemporal fossa (ITF) in 19 (1.59 %). Generally, MSI correlated with an OS, LRFS, and DMFS consistent with a T4-stage diagnosis (P > 0.05). Although different degrees of MSI presented a similar OS and DMFS (P > 0.1), tumors involving LPM had a relatively poorer LRFS than those affected the MPM only (P = 0.027), even for subgroup of patients composed of T3 and T4 classifications (P = 0.035). A tumor involving MPM brought an LRFS consistent with a T2 or T3-stage disease (P > 0.1). If the tumor affected LPM or ITF concurrently, the survival outcomes were more consistent with a T4-stage disease (P > 0.1). Nevertheless, compared to tumor infiltrating MPM, those invading LPM or ITF more frequently spread into other concurrent sites that earned higher T-staging categories. Moreover, multivariate analyses indicated the degree of MSI was a significant prognostic factor for the OS of NPCs (P = 0.036). Conclusions Degree of MSI is a significant prognosticator for the OS of IMRT-treated NPCs, and the prognosis of patients with lateral MSI extension (LPM and ITF) were shown to be significantly worse than those affected only MPM or the T3-stage disease. Thus, it is highly recommended that lateral MSI extension be a higher T-staging category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
| | - Jianji Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yunbin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
| | - Shaojun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
| | - Jingfeng Zong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yanhong Fang
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
| | - Qiaojuan Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
| | - Bijuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
| | - Linbo Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
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10143
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Abstract
The recent discovery of oncogenic drivers and subsequent development of novel targeted strategies has significantly added to the therapeutic armamentarium of anti-cancer therapies. Targeting BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or HER2 in breast cancer has led to practice-changing clinical benefits, while promising therapeutic responses have been achieved by precision medicine approaches in EGFR mutant lung cancer, colorectal cancer and BRAF mutant melanoma. However, although initial therapeutic responses to targeted therapies can be substantial, many patients will develop disease progression within 6-12 months. An increasing application of powerful omics-based approaches and improving preclinical models have enabled the rapid identification of secondary resistance mechanisms. Herein, we discuss how this knowledge has translated into rational, novel treatment strategies for relapsed patients in genomically selected cancer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keara L Redmond
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Papafili
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lawler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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10144
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Kanaji N, Okuda M, Dobashi H, Kameda T, Tadokoro A, Wakiya R, Kadowaki N, Bandoh S. Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Associated With Systemic Sclerosis. J Clin Med Res 2015; 7:896-900. [PMID: 26491504 PMCID: PMC4596273 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2313w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We here describe a 50-year-old woman diagnosed with squamous cell lung cancer (SqLC) with underlying interstitial lung disease (ILD) 14 years after a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We reviewed the literature and collected 21 well-documented cases with SqLC associated with SSc including the present case. Several characteristics of SqLC associated with SSc have been found. First, the average age at diagnosis of SqLC is 57 years, which is much younger than that reported for patients without SSc. Second, SqLC could occur even in never or light smokers, although SqLC usually has a strong association with smoking history. Third, two-thirds of the available cases have ILD. In addition, SqLC developed in the area of ILD in most cases with ILD. Fourth, SqLC generally occurs after a long period from the diagnosis of SSc; the average of this interval reaches 12 years. It would be helpful to know these features so that physicians follow up and treat SSc patients adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kanaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Okuda
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinogical Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Dobashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kameda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Tadokoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Risa Wakiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Bandoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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10145
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Xu J, Ai Q, Cao H, Liu Q. MiR-185-3p and miR-324-3p Predict Radiosensitivity of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Modulate Cancer Cell Growth and Apoptosis by Targeting SMAD7. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2828-36. [PMID: 26390174 PMCID: PMC4582915 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MiR-185-3p and miR-324-3p are 2 miRNAs that regulate nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radioresistance. This study tried to assess the clinical values of low miR-185-3p and low miR-324-3p expression in predicting response to radiotherapy (RT) and prognosis of NPC and to explore their new downstream targets. Material/Methods We recruited 80 patients with primary NPC. MiR-185-3p and miR-324-3p expression in the tumor tissues before and after RT or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were determined. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival curves were estimated to assess the prognostic values of these 2 miRNAs. Their target was predicted using an online database and verified using dual luciferase assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. In addition, the function of miR-185-3p/miR-324-3p-SMAD7 axis in NPC cells was investigated. Results The expression of miR-185-3p and miR-324-3p was significantly reduced after RT in radioresistant but not in radiosensitive cases. Although miR-185-3p and miR-324-3p are not independent prognostic indicators of overall survival of NPC, their low expression is still associated with poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival. In addition, miR-185-3p and miR-324-3p can modulate growth and apoptosis of NPC cells, partly via SMAD7. Conclusions Combined low miR-185-3p and miR-324-3p might be important markers for prediction of low response to RT/CRT and poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival. MiR-185-3p and miR-324-3p can modulate NPC cell growth and apoptosis, at least partly through targeting SMAD7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xu
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), People's Hospital of Chengyang, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qin Ai
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Zhangqiu, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hanhai Cao
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), People's Hospital of Zoucheng, Zoucheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
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10146
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Langer A, Meleis A, Knaul FM, Atun R, Aran M, Arreola-Ornelas H, Bhutta ZA, Binagwaho A, Bonita R, Caglia JM, Claeson M, Davies J, Donnay FA, Gausman JM, Glickman C, Kearns AD, Kendall T, Lozano R, Seboni N, Sen G, Sindhu S, Temin M, Frenk J. Women and Health: the key for sustainable development. Lancet 2015; 386:1165-210. [PMID: 26051370 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Langer
- Women and Health Initiative, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Afaf Meleis
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felicia M Knaul
- Harvard Global Equity Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rifat Atun
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ruth Bonita
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacquelyn M Caglia
- Women and Health Initiative, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jewel M Gausman
- Women and Health Initiative, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Annie D Kearns
- Women and Health Initiative, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamil Kendall
- Women and Health Initiative, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael Lozano
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Naomi Seboni
- International Planned Parenthood Federation Governing Council, London, UK
| | - Gita Sen
- Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Miriam Temin
- Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Julio Frenk
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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10147
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Kim DM, Kim H, Yeon JH, Lee JH, Park HO. Identification of a Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase Affecting Cardiotoxicity of Sunitinib Using a Genome-Wide Screening on S. pombe Deletion Library. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:4-14. [PMID: 26385865 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug toxicity is a key issue for drug R&D, a fundamental challenge of which is to screen for the targets genome-wide. The anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is known to induce cardiotoxicity. Here, to understand the molecular insights of cardiotoxicity by sunitinib at the genome level, we used a genome-wide drug target screening technology (GPScreen) that measures drug-induced haploinsufficiency (DIH) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome-wide deletion library and found a mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POG1). In the results, sunitinib induced more severe cytotoxicity and mitochondrial damage in POG1-deleted heterozygous mutants compared to wild type (WT) of S. pombe. Furthermore, knockdown of the human ortholog POLG of S. pombe POG1 in human cells significantly increased the cytotoxicity of sunitinib. Notably, sunitinib dramatically decreased the levels of POLG mRNAs and proteins, of which downregulation was already known to induce mitochondrial damage of cardiomyocytes, causing cardiotoxicity. These results indicate that POLG might play a crucial role in mitochondrial damage as a gene of which expressional pathway is targeted by sunitinib for cardiotoxicity, and that genome-wide drug target screening with GPScreen can be applied to drug toxicity target discovery to understand the molecular insights regarding drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Myung Kim
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Kim
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Yeon
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Oh Park
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
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10148
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Whang SN, Filippova M, Duerksen-Hughes P. Recent Progress in Therapeutic Treatments and Screening Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer. Viruses 2015; 7:5040-65. [PMID: 26393639 PMCID: PMC4584304 DOI: 10.3390/v7092860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has elicited significant interest in the role of high-risk HPV in tumorigenesis. Because patients with HPV-positive HNSCC have better prognoses than do their HPV-negative counterparts, current therapeutic strategies for HPV+ HNSCC are increasingly considered to be overly aggressive, highlighting a need for customized treatment guidelines for this cohort. Additional issues include the unmet need for a reliable screening strategy for HNSCC, as well as the ongoing assessment of the efficacy of prophylactic vaccines for the prevention of HPV infections in the head and neck regions. This review also outlines a number of emerging prospects for therapeutic vaccines, as well as for targeted, molecular-based therapies for HPV-associated head and neck cancers. Overall, the future for developing novel and effective therapeutic agents for HPV-associated head and neck tumors is promising; continued progress is critical in order to meet the challenges posed by the growing epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia N Whang
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Maria Filippova
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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10149
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Chen S, Li P, Yang R, Cheng R, Zhang F, Wang Y, Chen X, Sun Q, Zang W, Du Y, Zhao G, Zhang G. microRNA-30b inhibits cell invasion and migration through targeting collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:85. [PMID: 26388700 PMCID: PMC4573938 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the largest histological subgroup of lung cancer and has increased in prevalence in China over the past 5 years. The 5-year survival rate has remained at 15-20 %, with a median survival of 8-12 months. The tumorigenesis and progression of NSCLC is orchestrated by numerous oncogene and anti-oncogene mutations and insights into microRNA function have increased our understanding of the process. Here, we investigated the effects of miR-30b on NSCLC cell invasion and migration and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription PCR, wound healing assay, trans-well assays, western blotting and dual luciferase assays were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of miR-30b in NSCLC cells. RESULTS MiR-30b was down-regulated and Cthrc1 up-regulated in NSCLC tissues. Both were associated with tumor differentiation, TNM stage and lymph node metastases. Up-regulation of miR-30b restricted A549 and Calu-3 cell invasion and migration. Additionally, the expression of Cthrc1, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 was reduced, while metallopeptidase inhibitor-1 expression increased. Bioinformatics analysis identified Cthrc1 as a target of miR-30b and western blotting and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-30b regulates Cthrc1 by directly binding to its 3'UTR. Transfection of Cthrc1 without the 3'UTR restored the miR-30b inhibiting cell invasion. Up-regulation of miR-30b or down-regulation of Cthrc1 had potential significance in the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS MiR-30b was down-regulated and Cthrc1 up-regulated in NSCLC tissues. Both of them were related to tumor differentiation, TNM stage and lymph node metastases. MiR-30b affected NSCLC cells invasion and migration by regulating Cthrc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ruirui Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Furui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Wenqiao Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yuwen Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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10150
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Yu W, Tang L, Lin F, Yao Y, Shen Z. Accuracy of Tokuhashi score system in predicting survival of lung cancer patients with vertebral metastasis. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:427-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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