1051
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Kim J, Choi H. The mucin protein MUCL1 regulates melanogenesis and melanoma genes in a manner dependent on threonine content. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:532-543. [PMID: 34545566 PMCID: PMC9299140 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The regulation of melanogenesis has been investigated as a long‐held aim for pharmaceutical manipulations with denotations for malignancy of melanoma. Mucins have a protective function in epithelial organs; however, in the most outer organ, the skin, the role of mucins has not been studied enough. Objectives Our initial hypothesis developed from the identification of correlations between pigmentation and expressions of skin mucins, particularly those existing in skin tissue. We aimed to investigate the action of mucins in human melanocytic cells. Materials and methods The expression of mucin proteins in human skin was investigated using microarray data from the Human Protein Atlas consortium (HPA) and the Genotype‐Tissue Expression consortium (GTEx) database. Mucin expression was measured at RNA and protein levels in melanoma cells. The findings were further validated and confirmed by analysis of independent experiments. Results We found that the several mucin proteins showed expression in human skin cells and among these, mucin‐like protein 1 (MUCL1) showed the highest expression and also clear negative correlation with melanogenesis in epidermal melanocytes. We confirmed the correlations between melanogenesis and MUCL1 by revealing negative correlations in melanocytes with different melanin production, resulting from increased composition of threonine, mucin‐conforming amino acid, and increased autophagy‐related forkhead‐box O signalling. Furthermore, threonine itself affects melanogenesis and metastatic activity in melanoma cells. Conclusions We identified a significant association between MUCL1 and threonine with melanogenesis and metastasis‐related genes in melanoma cells. Our results define a novel mechanism of mucin regulation, suggesting diagnostic and preventive roles of MUCL1 in cutaneous melanoma. Whatis already known about this topic? Despite considerable advances in radioactive therapeutics or chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of abnormal melanogenesis, there are still many caveats to delivery, effectiveness and safety, thus leaving a necessity for more immediate pharmaceutical targets. Mucins have protective and chemical barrier functions in epithelial organs; however, in the skin, mucin has scarce expression and is known only as a diagnostic aid in skin disorders such as mucinosis.
Whatdoes this study add? We provide detailed analysis demonstrating the potential of mucin‐like protein 1 (MUCL1), which showed negative correlations in melanocytes with different melanin production, resulting from increased composition of threonine and increased autophagy‐related forkhead‐box O signalling in epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cells. We established that through an alternative pathway for MUCL1 biosynthesis, threonine supplementation recovers MUCL1 levels in melanoma. Changes, brought on by the essential amino acid threonine, resulted in substantial modulations in melanogenesis and reduced metastasis‐related genes.
Whatis the translational message? This study demonstrates for the first time that the mucin protein of skin cells is compounded by distorted mucin homeostasis, with major effects on melanogenesis and metastasis‐related genes in melanoma. We anticipate that these novel findings will be of keen interest to the community of scientists and medical practitioners examining skin dysfunction.
Linked Comment: C. Casalou and D.J. Tobin. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:388–389. Plain language summary available online
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Amorepacific R&D Center, 1920 Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Korea
| | - H Choi
- Amorepacific R&D Center, 1920 Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Korea
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1052
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Kwok M, Agathanggelou A, Davies N, Stankovic T. Targeting the p53 Pathway in CLL: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4681. [PMID: 34572908 PMCID: PMC8468925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 pathway is a desirable therapeutic target, owing to its critical role in the maintenance of genome integrity. This is exemplified in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), one of the most common adult hematologic malignancies, in which functional loss of p53 arising from genomic aberrations are frequently associated with clonal evolution, disease progression, and therapeutic resistance, even in the contemporary era of CLL targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Targeting the 'undruggable' p53 pathway therefore arguably represents the holy grail of cancer research. In recent years, several strategies have been proposed to exploit p53 pathway defects for cancer treatment. Such strategies include upregulating wild-type p53, restoring tumor suppressive function in mutant p53, inducing synthetic lethality by targeting collateral genome maintenance pathways, and harnessing the immunogenicity of p53 pathway aberrations. In this review, we will examine the biological and clinical implications of p53 pathway defects, as well as our progress towards development of therapeutic approaches targeting the p53 pathway, specifically within the context of CLL. We will appraise the opportunities and pitfalls associated with these therapeutic strategies, and evaluate their place amongst the array of new biological therapies for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Kwok
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK; (A.A.); (N.D.)
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
| | - Angelo Agathanggelou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK; (A.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicholas Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK; (A.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK; (A.A.); (N.D.)
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1053
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Liu HY, Zhang HS, Liu MY, Li HM, Wang XY, Wang M. GLS1 depletion inhibited colorectal cancer proliferation and migration via redox/Nrf2/autophagy-dependent pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 708:108964. [PMID: 34119480 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells can metabolize glutamine to replenish TCA cycle intermediates for cell survival. Glutaminase (GLS1) is over-expressed in multiple cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of GLS1 in colorectal cancer development has not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we found that GLS1 levels were significantly increased in CRC cells. Knockdown of GLS1 by shRNAs as well as GLS1 inhibitor BPTES decreased DLD1 and SW480 cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. Knockdown of GLS1 as well as BPTES induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, down-regulation of GSH/GSSG ratio, an decrease in Nrf2 protein expression and an increase in cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression in DLD1 and SW480 cells. Furthermore, Knockdown of GLS1 as well as BPTES inhibited autophagy pathway, antioxidant NAC and Nrf2 activator could reversed inhibition of GLS1-mediated an decrease in autophagic flux in DLD1 and SW480 cells. Depletion of GLS1-induced inhibition of DLD1 and SW480 CRC cell proliferation, colony formation and migration was reversed by autophagy inducer rapamycin. These results suggest that targeting GLS1 might be a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Liu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100#, District of Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100#, District of Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Min-Yao Liu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100#, District of Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Hong-Ming Li
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100#, District of Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100#, District of Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100#, District of Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China
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1054
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Juchnowicz D, Dzikowski M, Rog J, Waszkiewicz N, Karakuła KH, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M, Karakula-Juchnowicz H. Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184156. [PMID: 34575267 PMCID: PMC8466193 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To allow better diagnosis and management of psychiatric illnesses, the use of easily accessible biomarkers are proposed. Therefore, recognition of some diseases by a set of related pathogenesis biomarkers is a promising approach. The study aims to assess the usefulness of examining oxidative stress (OS) in schizophrenia as a potential biomarker of illness using the commonly used data mining decision tree method. The study group was comprised of 147 participants: 98 patients with schizophrenia (SZ group), and the control group (n = 49; HC). The patients with schizophrenia were divided into two groups: first-episode schizophrenia (n = 49; FS) and chronic schizophrenia (n = 49; CS). The assessment included the following biomarkers in sera of patients: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), dityrosine (DITYR), kynurenine (KYN), N-formylkynurenine (NFK), tryptophan (TRY), total oxidant status (TOS), nitric oxide (NO) and total protein. Maximum accuracy (89.36%) for distinguishing SZ from HC was attained with TOS and GPx (cut-off points: 392.70 and 15.33). For differentiating between FS and CS, the most promising were KYN, AOPP, TAC and NO (100%; cut-off points: 721.20, 0.55, 64.76 and 2.59). To distinguish FS from HC, maximum accuracy was found for GSH and TOS (100%; cut-off points: 859.96 and 0.31), and in order to distinguish CS from HC, the most promising were GSH and TOS (100%; cut-off points: 0.26 and 343.28). Using redox biomarkers would be the most promising approach for discriminating patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals and, in the future, could be used as an add-on marker to diagnose and/or respond to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-124 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Dzikowski
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (K.H.K.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Joanna Rog
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (K.H.K.); (H.K.-J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland;
| | - Kaja Hanna Karakuła
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (K.H.K.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory and Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-437 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (K.H.K.); (H.K.-J.)
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1055
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Feng Y, Feng Y, Gu L, Liu P, Cao J, Zhang S. The Critical Role of Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) Metabolism in Modulating Radiosensitivity: BH4/NOS Axis as an Angel or a Devil. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720632. [PMID: 34513700 PMCID: PMC8429800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation and radioactive materials have been widely used in industry, medicine, science and military. The efficacy of radiotherapy and adverse effects of normal tissues are closed related to cellular radiosensitivity. Molecular mechanisms underlying radiosensitivity are of significance to tumor cell radiosensitization as well as normal tissue radioprotection. 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, and its biosynthesis involves de novo biosynthesis and a pterin salvage pathway. In this review we overview the role of BH4 metabolism in modulating radiosensitivity. BH4 homeostasis determines the role of NOS, affecting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen free radicals. Under conditions of oxidative stress, such as UV-radiation and ionizing radiation, BH4 availability is diminished due to its oxidation, which subsequently leads to NOS uncoupling and generation of highly oxidative free radicals. On the other hand, BH4/NOS axis facilitates vascular normalization, a process by which antiangiogenic therapy corrects structural and functional flaws of tumor blood vessels, which enhances radiotherapy efficacy. Therefore, BH4/NOS axis may serve as an angel or a devil in regulating cellular radiosensitivity. Finally, we will address future perspectives, not only from the standpoint of perceived advances in treatment, but also from the potential mechanisms. These advances have demonstrated that it is possible to modulate cellular radiosensitivity through BH4 metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yahui Feng
- China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Liming Gu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China.,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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1056
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Tien Vo TT, Vo QC, Tuan VP, Wee Y, Cheng HC, Lee IT. The potentials of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules in cancer treatment: An outlook from ROS biology and medicine. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102124. [PMID: 34507160 PMCID: PMC8427320 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is now well recognized a pivotal endogenous signaling molecule in mammalian lives. The proof-of-concept employing chemical carriers of exogenous CO as prodrugs for CO release, also known as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), has been appreciated. The major advantage of CO-RMs is that they are able to deliver CO to the target sites in a controlled manner. There is an increasing body of experimental studies suggesting the therapeutic potentials of CO and CO-RMs in different cancer models. This review firstly presents a short but crucial view concerning the characteristics of CO and CO-RMs. Then, the anticancer activities of CO-RMs that target many cancer hallmarks, mainly proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis, are discussed. However, their anticancer activities are varying and cell-type specific. The aerobic metabolism of molecular oxygen inevitably generates various oxygen-containing reactive metabolites termed reactive oxygen species (ROS) which play important roles in both physiology and pathophysiology. Although ROS act as a double-edged sword in cancer, both sides of which may potentially have been exploited for therapeutic benefits. The main focus of the present review is thus to identify the possible signaling network by which CO-RMs can exert their anticancer actions, where ROS play the central role. Another important issue concerning the potential effect of CO-RMs on the aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) which is a feature of cancer metabolic reprogramming is given before the conclusion with future prospects on the challenges of developing CO-RMs into clinically pharmaceutical candidates in cancer therapy. CO-RMs as pro-drugs for controlled CO delivery are potentially beneficial in cancer treatment. Anticancer activities of CO-RMs are varying and cell-type specific. Anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects are major niches. ROS may play a central role in the molecular pathways underlying anticancer activities of CO-RMs. CO-RMs can act against Warburg effect, a feature of cancer metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Quang Canh Vo
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Endoscopy Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yinshen Wee
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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1057
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Wang X, Wang Y, Li Z, Qin J, Wang P. Regulation of Ferroptosis Pathway by Ubiquitination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699304. [PMID: 34485285 PMCID: PMC8414903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, which plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis, ischemia–reperfusion injury and various human degenerative diseases. Ferroptosis is characterized by aberrant iron and lipid metabolisms. Mechanistically, excess of catalytic iron is capable of triggering lipid peroxidation followed by Fenton reaction to induce ferroptosis. The induction of ferroptosis can be inhibited by sufficient glutathione (GSH) synthesis via system Xc– transporter-mediated cystine uptake. Therefore, induction of ferroptosis by inhibition of cystine uptake or dampening of GSH synthesis has been considered as a novel strategy for cancer therapy, while reversal of ferroptotic effect is able to delay progression of diverse disorders, such as cardiopathy, steatohepatitis, and acute kidney injury. The ubiquitin (Ub)–proteasome pathway (UPP) dominates the majority of intracellular protein degradation by coupling Ub molecules to the lysine residues of protein substrate, which is subsequently recognized by the 26S proteasome for degradation. Ubiquitination is crucially involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Modulation of ubiquitination system has been exhibited to be a potential strategy for cancer treatment. Currently, more and more emerged evidence has demonstrated that ubiquitous modification is involved in ferroptosis and dominates the vulnerability to ferroptosis in multiple types of cancer. In this review, we will summarize the current findings of ferroptosis surrounding the viewpoint of ubiquitination regulation. Furthermore, we also highlight the potential effect of ubiquitination modulation on the perspective of ferroptosis-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieling Qin
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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1058
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Yang HY, Yang M, Fang J, Gao K. Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase by Santamarine Conferring Anticancer Effect in HeLa Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:710676. [PMID: 34485384 PMCID: PMC8416462 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.710676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products frequently have unique physiological activities and new action mechanisms due to their structural diversity and novelty, and are an important source for innovative drugs and lead compounds. We present herein that natural product santamarine targeted thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) to weaken its antioxidative function in cells, accompanied by accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and finally induced a new mechanism of tumor cell oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. TrxR knockdown or overexpression cell lines were employed to further evaluate the cytotoxicity of santamarine regulated by TrxR, demonstrated that TrxR played a key role in the physiological effect of santamarine on cells. Santamarine targeting TrxR reveals its previously unrecognized mechanism of antitumor and provides a basis for the further development of santamarine as a potential cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianhe Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minghao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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1059
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Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and m 6A RNA Methylation in Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6545728. [PMID: 34484567 PMCID: PMC8416400 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6545728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation. Excessive ROS levels are an important factor in tumor development. Damage stimulation and excessive activation of oncogenes cause elevated ROS production in cancer, accompanied by an increase in the antioxidant capacity to retain redox homeostasis in tumor cells at an increased level. Although moderate concentrations of ROS produced in cancer cells contribute to maintaining cell survival and cancer progression, massive ROS accumulation can exert toxicity, leading to cancer cell death. RNA modification is a posttranscriptional control mechanism that regulates gene expression and RNA metabolism, and m6A RNA methylation is the most common type of RNA modification in eukaryotes. m6A modifications can modulate cellular ROS levels through different mechanisms. It is worth noting that ROS signaling also plays a regulatory role in m6A modifications. In this review, we concluded the effects of m6A modification and oxidative stress on tumor biological functions. In particular, we discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and m6A modifications.
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1060
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The metabolic flexibility of quiescent CSC: implications for chemotherapy resistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:835. [PMID: 34482364 PMCID: PMC8418609 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quiescence has been observed in stem cells (SCs), including adult SCs and cancer SCs (CSCs). Conventional chemotherapies mostly target proliferating cancer cells, while the quiescent state favors CSCs escape to chemotherapeutic drugs, leaving risks for tumor recurrence or metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) provides various signals that maintain resident quiescent CSCs, protect them from immune surveillance, and facilitates their recurrence potential. Since the TME has the potential to support and initiate stem cell-like programs in cancer cells, targeting the TME components may prove to be a powerful modality for the treatment of chemotherapy resistance. In addition, an increasing number of studies have discovered that CSCs exhibit the potential of metabolic flexibility when metabolic substrates are limited, and display increased robustness in response to stress. Accompanied by chemotherapy that targets proliferative cancer cells, treatments that modulate CSC quiescence through the regulation of metabolic pathways also show promise. In this review, we focus on the roles of metabolic flexibility and the TME on CSCs quiescence and further discuss potential treatments of targeting CSCs and the TME to limit chemotherapy resistance.
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1061
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Serra V, Salvatori G, Pastorelli G. Pilot Study: Does Contamination with Enniatin B and Beauvericin Affect the Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals Commonly Used in Animal Feeding? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1835. [PMID: 34579368 PMCID: PMC8469406 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing consumption of cereals has been associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases, as they contain phytochemicals that combat oxidative stress. Cereal contamination by the "emerging mycotoxins" beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENs) is a worldwide health problem that has not yet received adequate scientific attention. Their presence in feeds represents a risk for animals and a potential risk for humans because of their carry-over to animal-derived products. This preliminary study aimed to investigate if the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of corn, barley, and wheat flours could be influenced by contamination with increasing levels of BEA and ENN B. The highest TAC value was observed in barley compared with wheat and corn (p < 0.001) before and after contamination. No effect of mycotoxin or mycotoxin level was found, whereas cereal x mycotoxin exhibited a significant effect (p < 0.001), showing a lower TAC value in wheat contaminated by ENN B and in barley contaminated by BEA. In conclusion, barley is confirmed as a source of natural antioxidants with antiradical potentials. Additional studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm the obtained results, and investigations of the toxic effects of these emergent mycotoxins on animals and humans should be deepened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Salvatori
- Department of Medicine and Science for Health “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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1062
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Xu G, Yang Z, Ding Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Wang B, Tang M, Jing T, Jiao K, Xu X, Chen Z, Xiang L, Xu C, Fu Y, Zhao X, Jin W, Liu Y. The deubiquitinase USP16 functions as an oncogenic factor in K-RAS-driven lung tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2021; 40:5482-5494. [PMID: 34294846 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
K-RAS mutation and molecular alterations of its surrogates function essentially in lung tumorigenesis and malignant progression. However, it remains elusive how tumor-promoting and deleterious events downstream of K-RAS signaling are coordinated in lung tumorigenesis. Here, we show that USP16, a deubiquitinase involved in various biological processes, functions as a promoter for the development of K-RAS-driven lung tumor. Usp16 deletion significantly attenuates K-rasG12D-mutation-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. USP16 upregulation upon RAS activation averts reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced p38 activation that would otherwise detrimentally influence the survival and proliferation of tumor cells. In addition, USP16 interacts with and deubiquitinates JAK1, and thereby promoting lung tumor growth by augmenting JAK1 signaling. Therefore, our results reveal that USP16 functions critically in the K-RAS-driven lung tumorigenesis through modulating the strength of p38 and JAK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizong Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boshi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Jiao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lvzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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1063
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Forman HJ, Zhang H. Targeting oxidative stress in disease: promise and limitations of antioxidant therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:689-709. [PMID: 34194012 PMCID: PMC8243062 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1004] [Impact Index Per Article: 334.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a component of many diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer disease and cancer. Although numerous small molecules evaluated as antioxidants have exhibited therapeutic potential in preclinical studies, clinical trial results have been disappointing. A greater understanding of the mechanisms through which antioxidants act and where and when they are effective may provide a rational approach that leads to greater pharmacological success. Here, we review the relationships between oxidative stress, redox signalling and disease, the mechanisms through which oxidative stress can contribute to pathology, how antioxidant defences work, what limits their effectiveness and how antioxidant defences can be increased through physiological signalling, dietary components and potential pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Jay Forman
- University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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1064
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Al Qteishat A, Gabriyanchik MA, Bokov DO. Changes in parameters of biochemical and oxidative stress in university students during and after examinations. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:811-817. [PMID: 34235604 PMCID: PMC8492803 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection, biochemical parameters, and cortisol and adrenaline content in the blood of students depending on the effect of exam stress. A total of 135 healthy students (72 female (53.3%) and 63 male (46.7%)) aged from 19 to 21 years (mean age 20.16 ± 0.42 years) of the experimental group underwent detailed medical screening and examination before the inclusion in the study. The control group consisted of 30 healthy students (17 female (56.7%) and 13 male (43.3%)) of corresponding age (mean age 20.23 ± 0.54 years), whose medical examination was performed during breaks in the absence of any stress factors. The blood parameters of the experimental group were investigated 1 h before, 1 h after, and 24 h after the exam. The cortisol content in the blood of experimental group students significantly increased 1.37 times (p < 0.05) an hour before the exam and 1.32 times (p < 0.05) an hour after; adrenalin content in blood increased 1.76 times (p < 0.05) and 1.49 times (p < 0.05), respectively. Compared to the control group, intensification of lipid peroxidation processes with a 1.51-fold (p < 0.05) increase in erythrocyte malonic aldehyde content in blood 1 h before and 1.42-fold (p < 0.05) increase an hour after the exam was observed in students due to the effect of exam stress.. Changes in hormonal homeostasis, activation of lipoperoxidation processes with the development of oxidative stress, and the disintegration of antioxidant protection factors are typical for academic stress in students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Qteishat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan.
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan.
| | - Mark A Gabriyanchik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry O Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
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1065
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Polat IH, Tarrado-Castellarnau M, Benito A, Hernandez-Carro C, Centelles J, Marin S, Cascante M. Glutamine Modulates Expression and Function of Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase via NRF2 in Colon Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091349. [PMID: 34572981 PMCID: PMC8472416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide pools need to be constantly replenished in cancer cells to support cell proliferation. The synthesis of nucleotides requires glutamine and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate produced from ribose-5-phosphate via the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (ox-PPP). Both PPP and glutamine also play a key role in maintaining the redox status of cancer cells. Enhanced glutamine metabolism and increased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression have been related to a malignant phenotype in tumors. However, the association between G6PD overexpression and glutamine consumption in cancer cell proliferation is still incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrated that both inhibition of G6PD and glutamine deprivation decrease the proliferation of colon cancer cells and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, we unveiled that glutamine deprivation induce an increase of G6PD expression that is mediated through the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). This crosstalk between G6PD and glutamine points out the potential of combined therapies targeting oxidative PPP enzymes and glutamine catabolism to combat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H. Polat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.H.P.); (M.T.-C.); (A.B.); (C.H.-C.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Equipe Environnement et Prédiction de la Santé des Populations, Laboratoire TIMC (UMR 5525), CHU de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEDEX, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Míriam Tarrado-Castellarnau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.H.P.); (M.T.-C.); (A.B.); (C.H.-C.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Benito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.H.P.); (M.T.-C.); (A.B.); (C.H.-C.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Hernandez-Carro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.H.P.); (M.T.-C.); (A.B.); (C.H.-C.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Centelles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.H.P.); (M.T.-C.); (A.B.); (C.H.-C.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.H.P.); (M.T.-C.); (A.B.); (C.H.-C.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.H.P.); (M.T.-C.); (A.B.); (C.H.-C.); (J.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.C.)
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1066
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Antioxidants Threaten Multikinase Inhibitor Efficacy against Liver Cancer by Blocking Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091336. [PMID: 34572967 PMCID: PMC8468105 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib and regorafenib, multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) used as standard chemotherapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cancer treatment. Antioxidant supplements are becoming popular additions to our diet, particularly glutathione derivatives and mitochondrial-directed compounds. To address their possible interference during HCC chemotherapy, we analyzed the effect of common antioxidants using hepatoma cell lines and tumor spheroids. In liver cancer cell lines, sorafenib and regorafenib induced mitochondrial ROS production and potent cell death after glutathione depletion. In contrast, cabozantinib only exhibited oxidative cell death in specific HCC cell lines. After sorafenib and regorafenib administration, antioxidants such as glutathione methyl ester and the superoxide scavenger MnTBAP decreased cell death and ROS production, precluding the MKI activity against hepatoma cells. Interestingly, sorafenib-induced mitochondrial damage caused PINK/Parkin-dependent mitophagy stimulation, altered by increased ROS production. Finally, in sorafenib-treated tumor spheroids, while ROS induction reduced tumor growth, antioxidant treatments favored tumor development. In conclusion, the anti-tumor activity of specific MKIs, such as regorafenib and sorafenib, is altered by the cellular redox status, suggesting that uncontrolled antioxidant intake during HCC treatment should be avoided or only endorsed to diminish chemotherapy-induced side effects, always under medical scrutiny.
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1067
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Cinobufagin-induced DNA damage response activates G 2/M checkpoint and apoptosis to cause selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:446. [PMID: 34425836 PMCID: PMC8381584 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Processed extracts from toad skin and parotoid gland have long been used to treat various illnesses including cancer in many Asian countries. Recent studies have uncovered a family of bufadienolides as the responsible pharmacological compounds, and the two major molecules, cinobufagin and bufalin, have been shown to possess robust antitumor activity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry, and DNA damage was analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and the alkaline comet assay. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT as well as colony formation assays, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, apoptosis was further characterized by TUNEL and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. Results Here we showed that sublethal doses of cinobufagin suppressed the viability of many cancer but not noncancerous cell lines. This tumor-selective cytotoxicity was preceded by a rapid, cancer-specific increase in cellular ROS and was significantly reduced by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), indicating oxidative stress as the primary source of cinobufagin-induced cancer cell toxicity. Sublethal cinobufagin-induced ROS overload resulted in oxidative DNA damage and intense replication stress in cancer cells, leading to strong DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Subsequent phosphorylation of CDC25C and stabilization of p53 downstream of DDR resulted in activation of the G2/M checkpoint followed by induction of apoptosis. These data indicate that cinobufagin suppresses cancer cell viability via DDR-mediated G2 arrest and apoptosis. Conclusion As elevated oxidative pressure is shared by most cancer cells that renders them sensitive to further oxidative insult, these studies suggest that nontoxic doses of cinobufagin can be used to exploit a cancer vulnerability for induction of cancer-specific cytotoxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary materials available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02150-0.
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1068
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Krafczyk N, Klotz LO. FOXO transcription factors in antioxidant defense. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:53-61. [PMID: 34423888 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box, class O (FOXO) family proteins are widely expressed and highly conserved transcriptional regulators that modulate cellular fuel metabolism, stress resistance and cell death. FOXO target genes include genes encoding antioxidant proteins, thus likely contributing to the key role FOXOs play in the cellular response to oxidative stress and supporting the cellular strategies of antioxidant defense, that is, prevention (of the formation of reactive oxygen species), interception (of reactive species prior to their reaction with cellular components), repair (of damaged biomolecules), and adaptation (i.e., the stimulation of signaling pathways allowing for the expression of protective proteins). FOXOs themselves are regulated by redox processes at several levels, including expression of FOXO genes and enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic posttranslational modifications of FOXO proteins. The latter include modifications of FOXO cysteine residues. Here, an overview is provided on (i) the contribution of FOXO target genes to cellular antioxidative strategies, and (ii) on the impact of thiol homeostasis and thiol modification on FOXO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Krafczyk
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrigenomics Section, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrigenomics Section, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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1069
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Wang CY, Yu GT, Gao C, Chen J, Li QL, Zhang L, Wu M, Sun ZJ, Li LY. Genome-Wide Enhancer Analysis Reveals the Role of AP-1 Transcription Factor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:701531. [PMID: 34409068 PMCID: PMC8365880 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.701531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, but its epigenomic features have not been determined. Here, we studied the chromatin landscape of active enhancers of HNSCC head tumor tissues by performing H3K27ac and H3K4me1 ChIP-Seq with a Tgfbr1/Pten double conditional knockout HNSCC mouse model. We identified 1,248 gain variant enhancer loci (VELs) and 2,188 lost VELs, as well as 153 gain variant super enhancer loci (VSELs) and 234 lost VSELs. Potentially involved transcription factors were predicted with motif analysis, and we identified AP-1 as one of the critical oncogenic transcription factors in HNSCC and many other types of cancer. Combining transcriptomic and epigenomic data, our analysis also showed that AP-1 and histone modifications coordinately regulate target gene expression in HNSCC. In conclusion, our study provides important epigenomic information for enhancer studies in HNSCC and reveals new mechanism for AP-1 regulating HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Lan Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian-Yun Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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1070
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Yamawaki K, Mori Y, Sakai H, Kanda Y, Shiokawa D, Ueda H, Ishiguro T, Yoshihara K, Nagasaka K, Onda T, Kato T, Kondo T, Enomoto T, Okamoto K. Integrative analyses of gene expression and chemosensitivity of patient-derived ovarian cancer spheroids link G6PD-driven redox metabolism to cisplatin chemoresistance. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:29-38. [PMID: 34419499 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived cells and xenografts retain the biological characteristics of clinical cancers and are instrumental in gaining a better understanding of the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Here, we have established a panel of patient-derived spheroids from clinical materials of ovarian cancer. Systematic evaluation using therapeutic agents indicated that sensitivity to platinum-based compounds significantly varied among the spheroids. To understand the molecular basis of drug sensitivity, we performed integrative analyses combining chemoresistance data and gene expression profiling of the ovarian cancer patient-derived spheroids. Correlation analyses revealed that cisplatin resistance was significantly associated with elevated levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione-producing redox enzymes. Accordingly, cisplatin-resistant spheroids established in vitro showed elevated levels of G6PD and active glutathione. Moreover, treatment with a G6PD inhibitor in combination with cisplatin suppressed spheroid proliferation in vitro and largely eradicated peritoneal metastasis in mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, G6PD expression was elevated during carcinogenesis and associated with poor prognosis. Thus, the combination of gene expression data and chemosensitivity revealed the essential roles of G6PD-driven redox metabolism in cisplatin resistance, underscoring the significance of an integrative approach using patient-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan; Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan; Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kanda
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiokawa
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Haruka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Onda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan.
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1071
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Singh K, Nassar N, Bachari A, Schanknecht E, Telukutla S, Zomer R, Piva TJ, Mantri N. The Pathophysiology and the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4107. [PMID: 34439262 PMCID: PMC8392233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently occurring cancer diagnosed among males. Recent preclinical evidence implicates cannabinoids as powerful regulators of cell growth and differentiation. In this review, we focused on studies that demonstrated anticancer effects of cannabinoids and their possible mechanisms of action in prostate cancer. Besides the palliative effects of cannabinoids, research from the past two decades has demonstrated their promising potential as antitumor agents in a wide variety of cancers. This analysis may provide pharmacological insights into the selection of specific cannabinoids for the development of antitumor drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Singh
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Ellen Schanknecht
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Srinivasareddy Telukutla
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Roby Zomer
- MGC Pharmaceuticals Limited, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.S.); (A.B.); (E.S.); (S.T.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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1072
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Trejo Rodríguez IS, Alcántara Quintana LE, Algara Suarez P, Ruiz Cabrera MA, Grajales Lagunes A. Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity, Prebiotic Activity and Anticancer Potential in Human Cells of Jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus) Seed Flour. Molecules 2021; 26:4854. [PMID: 34443442 PMCID: PMC8398192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The general aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical properties, prebiotic activity and anticancer potential of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed flour. The drying processes of jackfruit seeds were performed at 50, 60 and 70 °C in order to choose the optimal temperature for obtaining the flour based on drying time, polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. The experimental values of the moisture ratio during jackfruit seed drying at different temperatures were obtained using Page's equation to establish the drying time for the required moisture between 5 and 7% in the flour. The temperature of 60 °C was considered adequate for obtaining good flour and for performing its characterization. The chemical composition, total dietary fiber, functional properties and antioxidant capacity were then examined in the flour. The seed flour contains carbohydrates (73.87 g/100 g), dietary fiber (31 g/100 g), protein (14 g/100 g) and lipids (1 g/100 g). The lipid profile showed that the flour contained monounsaturated (4 g/100 g) and polyunsaturated (46 g/100 g) fatty acids. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose were found to be the predominant soluble sugars, and non-digestible oligosaccharides like 1-kestose were also found. The total polyphenol content was 2.42 mg of gallic acid/g of the sample; furthermore, the antioxidant capacity obtained by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was 901.45 µmol Trolox/100 g and 1607.87 µmol Trolox/100 g, respectively. The obtained flour exhibited good functional properties, such as water and oil absorption capacity, swelling power and emulsifier capacity. Additionally, this flour had a protective and preventive effect which is associated with the potential prebiotic activity in Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum. These results demonstrate that jackfruit seed flour has good nutritional value and antioxidant and prebiotic activity, as well as potential protective effects and functional properties, making it an attractive food or ingredient in developing innovative functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibna Suli Trejo Rodríguez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.S.T.R.); (M.A.R.C.)
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78240, Mexico; (L.E.A.Q.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Luz Eugenia Alcántara Quintana
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78240, Mexico; (L.E.A.Q.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Paola Algara Suarez
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78240, Mexico; (L.E.A.Q.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Miguel Angel Ruiz Cabrera
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.S.T.R.); (M.A.R.C.)
| | - Alicia Grajales Lagunes
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.S.T.R.); (M.A.R.C.)
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1073
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Han M, Lee D, Lee SH, Kim TH. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Pathway in Allergic Rhinitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081266. [PMID: 34439514 PMCID: PMC8389336 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the cause and consequence of redox metabolism in various physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying oxidative stress and the role of antioxidants could serve as the key to helping treat associated diseases. Allergic rhinitis is a condition that deteriorates the daily function and quality of life of afflicted individuals and is associated with a high socioeconomic burden and prevalence. Recent studies have focused on the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in allergic rhinitis. This review discusses animal and clinical studies on oxidative markers and the potential therapeutic dietary antioxidants for allergic rhinitis.
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1074
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Halliwell B, Adhikary A, Dingfelder M, Dizdaroglu M. Hydroxyl radical is a significant player in oxidative DNA damage in vivo. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8355-8360. [PMID: 34128512 PMCID: PMC8328964 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent publications have suggested that oxidative DNA damage mediated by hydroxyl radical (˙OH) is unimportant in vivo, and that carbonate anion radical (CO3˙-) plays the key role. We examine these claims and summarize the evidence that ˙OH does play a key role as an important member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01A, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore.
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1075
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Post-Translational Modification and Subcellular Compartmentalization: Emerging Concepts on the Regulation and Physiopathological Relevance of RhoGTPases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081990. [PMID: 34440759 PMCID: PMC8393718 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues are continuously exposed to both chemical and physical stimuli and dynamically adapt and respond to this variety of external cues to ensure cellular homeostasis, regulated development and tissue-specific differentiation. Alterations of these pathways promote disease progression-a prominent example being cancer. Rho GTPases are key regulators of the remodeling of cytoskeleton and cell membranes and their coordination and integration with different biological processes, including cell polarization and motility, as well as other signaling networks such as growth signaling and proliferation. Apart from the control of GTP-GDP cycling, Rho GTPase activity is spatially and temporally regulated by post-translation modifications (PTMs) and their assembly onto specific protein complexes, which determine their controlled activity at distinct cellular compartments. Although Rho GTPases were traditionally conceived as targeted from the cytosol to the plasma membrane to exert their activity, recent research demonstrates that active pools of different Rho GTPases also localize to endomembranes and the nucleus. In this review, we discuss how PTM-driven modulation of Rho GTPases provides a versatile mechanism for their compartmentalization and functional regulation. Understanding how the subcellular sorting of active small GTPase pools occurs and what its functional significance is could reveal novel therapeutic opportunities.
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1076
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Chafe SC, Vizeacoumar FS, Venkateswaran G, Nemirovsky O, Awrey S, Brown WS, McDonald PC, Carta F, Metcalfe A, Karasinska JM, Huang L, Muthuswamy SK, Schaeffer DF, Renouf DJ, Supuran CT, Vizeacoumar FJ, Dedhar S. Genome-wide synthetic lethal screen unveils novel CAIX-NFS1/xCT axis as a targetable vulnerability in hypoxic solid tumors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/35/eabj0364. [PMID: 34452919 PMCID: PMC8397268 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic mechanisms involved in the survival of tumor cells within the hypoxic niche remain unclear. We carried out a synthetic lethal CRISPR screen to identify survival mechanisms governed by the tumor hypoxia-induced pH regulator carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). We identified a redox homeostasis network containing the iron-sulfur cluster enzyme, NFS1. Depletion of NFS1 or blocking cyst(e)ine availability by inhibiting xCT, while targeting CAIX, enhanced ferroptosis and significantly inhibited tumor growth. Suppression of CAIX activity acidified intracellular pH, increased cellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, and induced susceptibility to alterations in iron homeostasis. Mechanistically, inhibiting bicarbonate production by CAIX or sodium-driven bicarbonate transport, while targeting xCT, decreased adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation and increased acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 activation. Thus, an alkaline intracellular pH plays a critical role in suppressing ferroptosis, a finding that may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for solid tumors to overcome hypoxia- and acidosis-mediated tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn C Chafe
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Frederick S Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Geetha Venkateswaran
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Oksana Nemirovsky
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shannon Awrey
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Wells S Brown
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Paul C McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Florence 50019, Italy
| | | | | | - Ling Huang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V3Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V3Z 1M9, Canada
- Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E67, Canada
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Cancer Research Department, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4E5, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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1077
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Agarwal E, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Kossenkov AV, Ghosh JC, Languino LR, Vaira V, Speicher DW, Altieri DC. A cancer ubiquitome landscape identifies metabolic reprogramming as target of Parkin tumor suppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/35/eabg7287. [PMID: 34433563 PMCID: PMC8386929 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in metabolism that affect mitochondrial and glycolytic networks are hallmarks of cancer, but their impact in disease is still elusive. Using global proteomics and ubiquitome screens, we now show that Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and key effector of mitophagy altered in Parkinson's disease, shuts off mitochondrial dynamics and inhibits the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. This blocks tumor cell movements, creates metabolic and oxidative stress, and inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth. Uniformly down-regulated in cancer patients, Parkin tumor suppression requires its E3 ligase function, is reversed by antioxidants, and is independent of mitophagy. These data demonstrate that cancer metabolic networks are potent oncogenes directly targeted by endogenous tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Agarwal
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron R Goldman
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - David W Speicher
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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1078
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Gan B. Mitochondrial regulation of ferroptosis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212523. [PMID: 34328510 PMCID: PMC8329737 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death driven by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that have essential roles in energy production, cellular metabolism, and cell death regulation. However, their role in ferroptosis has been unclear and somewhat controversial. In this Perspective, I summarize the diverse metabolic processes in mitochondria that actively drive ferroptosis, discuss recently discovered mitochondria-localized defense systems that detoxify mitochondrial lipid peroxides and protect against ferroptosis, present new evidence for the roles of mitochondria in regulating ferroptosis, and outline outstanding questions on this fascinating topic for future investigations. An in-depth understanding of mitochondria functions in ferroptosis will have important implications for both fundamental cell biology and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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1079
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Igarashi K, Nishizawa H, Saiki Y, Matsumoto M. The transcription factor BACH1 at the crossroads of cancer biology: From epithelial-mesenchymal transition to ferroptosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101032. [PMID: 34339740 PMCID: PMC8387770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer involves not only the gradual evolution of cells by mutations in DNA but also alterations in the gene expression induced by those mutations and input from the surrounding microenvironment. Such alterations contribute to cancer cells' abilities to reprogram metabolic pathways and undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which facilitate the survival of cancer cells and their metastasis to other organs. Recently, BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), a heme-regulated transcription factor that represses genes involved in iron and heme metabolism in normal cells, was shown to shape the metabolism and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The growing list of BACH1 target genes in cancer cells reveals that BACH1 promotes metastasis by regulating various sets of genes beyond iron metabolism. BACH1 represses the expression of genes that mediate cell–cell adhesion and oxidative phosphorylation but activates the expression of genes required for glycolysis, cell motility, and matrix protein degradation. Furthermore, BACH1 represses FOXA1 gene encoding an activator of epithelial genes and activates SNAI2 encoding a repressor of epithelial genes, forming a feedforward loop of EMT. By synthesizing these observations, we propose a “two-faced BACH1 model”, which accounts for the dynamic switching between metastasis and stress resistance along with cancer progression. We discuss here the possibility that BACH1-mediated promotion of cancer also brings increased sensitivity to iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) through crosstalk of BACH1 target genes, imposing programmed vulnerability upon cancer cells. We also discuss the future directions of this field, including the dynamics and plasticity of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hironari Nishizawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuriko Saiki
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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1080
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Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF), are the main causes of death in Western countries. Several anticancer drugs and radiotherapy have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, promoting left ventricular dysfunction and ultimately HF. Nonetheless, the relationship between cancer and HF is likely not unidirectional. Indeed, cancer and HF share common risk factors, and both have a bidirectional relationship with systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and neurohormonal and immune activation. Few studies have assessed the impact of untreated cancer on the heart. The presence of an active cancer has been associated with elevated cardiac biomarkers, an initial impairment of left ventricular structure and function, autonomic dysfunction, and reduced exercise tolerance. In turn, these conditions might increase the risk of cardiac damage from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. HF drugs such as beta-blockers or inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system might exert a protective effect on the heart even before the start of cancer therapies. In this review, we recapitulate the evidence of cardiac involvement in cancer patients naïve from chemotherapy and radiotherapy and no history of cardiac disease. We also focus on the perspectives for an early diagnosis and treatment to prevent the progression to cardiac dysfunction and clinical HF, and the potential benefits of cardioactive drugs on cancer progression.
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1081
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Aminzadeh Z, Ziamajidi N, Abbasalipourkabir R. Anticancer Effects of Cinnamaldehyde through Inhibition of ErbB2/HSF1/LDHA Pathway in 5637 Cell Line of Bladder Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1139-1148. [PMID: 34315398 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210726142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing prevalence of bladder cancer worldwide has become a major concern for the researchers, and the side effects of chemotherapy drugs have always been a major problem in cancer treatment. Cinnamaldehyde, the active ingredient in the Cinnamon plant, has long been considered with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS Bladder cancer 5637 cell lines were treated with the different concentrations of Cinnamaldehyde. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The concentration of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 mg/ml of Cinnamaldehyde were selected. Apoptosis was assessed with Annexin V-FITC/PI and Hochest33258 staining. Cell migration was performed by the scratch test. To evaluate Cinnamaldehyde effect on glycolysis, the gene expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2), heat shock protein transcription factor-1 (HSF1) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), as well as the protein levels of HSF1 and LDHA, LDH activity and finally glucose consumption and lactate production, were measured. RESULTS Cinnamaldehyde significantly increased apoptosis rate in the 5637 cells (p<0.05). Furthermore, it significantly reduced the gene expression of ErbB2, HSF1, and LDHA, protein level of HSF1 and LDHA, LDH activity, as well as cell migration, glucose consumption, and lactate production (p<0.05). These changes were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION Thus, Cinnamaldehyde induced apoptosis and decreased growth in 5637 cells by reducing ErbB2-HSF1-LDHA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Aminzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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1082
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The Relationship between Serum Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress of Patients with Different Types of Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4846951. [PMID: 34349873 PMCID: PMC8328730 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4846951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Many studies have identified causal and promotive roles of oxidative stress (OxS) and oxidative damage caused by OxS in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Many biomarkers in the blood circulation of patients may change correspondingly with the development of tumors. This study is aimed at investigating the correlation between OxS and serum trace element (TE) levels of patients with different types of cancer. Methods 1143 different types of cancer patients and 178 healthy controls from Mar. 2018 to Aug. 2020 in Mianyang Central Hospital were involved in this study. Their levels of OxS parameters (including total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidant stress index (OSI)) and the concentrations of serum TEs (including Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se) were determined. Results Compared with healthy controls, all types of cancer patients had higher TOS level (all Padj < 0.001) and OSI level (z = 6.228 ~ 9.909, all Padj < 0.001) and lower TAS level (all Padj < 0.001). Compared with healthy controls, the changes of four TE levels in serum were different in different types of cancer patients, among which Cu increased in all groups, but there was no statistical difference in gastric and brain cancer; Se decreased in all groups, but there was no statistical difference in gastric, colorectal, esophageal, and other cancer; Zn was significantly decreased in breast cancer patients (Padj < 0.001); there was no statistical difference in the change of Fe in liver, kidney, and other cancer. Spearman correlation showed that the change of Cu concentration was most closely related to the three OxS parameters and was strongly correlated in the observed several types of tumors (rs > 0.6). Multinomial logistic regression showed that the risks of different tumors are related to the level change of multiple TEs and OxS parameters (ORTOS = 1.19 ~ 2.82, OROSI = 2.56 ~ 4.70, ORTAS = 0.20 ~ 0.46, ORCu = 0.73 ~ 1.44, ORZn = 0.81 ~ 0.91, ORFe = 0.68 ~ 1.18, and ORSe = 0.22 ~ 0.45, all P < 0.006). Conclusions The OxS exists in the occurrence and development of cancer, which may be related to the changes of certain trace elements. In order to evaluate OxS correctly, it is necessary to detect TAS and TOS and at the same time, their ratio OSI should be detected. Assessment of markers representing the overall level of OxS and TEs may guarantee improved the monitoring of disease occurrence and development risk in cancer patients.
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1083
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Nie G, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Xu J, Wang H, Chen D, Wang K. Dynamic evaluation of the protective effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide on acute alcoholic liver injury mice in vitro and in vivo by NIR fluorescence imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5715-5724. [PMID: 34291303 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) is a threat to human health. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) has the potential to protect the liver by enhancing the anti-oxidative system to maintain the relative balance of ROS (active oxygen species) and antioxidants in AALI mice. However, the dynamic improvement effect of DOP on AALI is still not clear and accurate medication guidance is not available, which limits the clinical application of DOP. Because of the advantages of high sensitivity, noninvasiveness, and visualization, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has been widely studied in biochemistry and biomedicine. As the glutathione (GSH) level in the liver is closely related to the progression of AALI, herein, an NIR fluorescent probe for GSH, HCG was used to dynamically evaluate the effect of DOP on AALI mice. In this study, DOP was proven to maintain the relative balance of GSH content in the liver to protect it from damage. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to assess the effect of DOP on AALI mice through a NIR fluorescence imaging technique. This study may also provide a potential NIR imaging agent for the clinical research to improve the management of liver injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, and International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dugang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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1084
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Cancer recurrence and lethality are enabled by enhanced survival and reversible cell cycle arrest of polyaneuploid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020838118. [PMID: 33504594 PMCID: PMC7896294 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020838118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a unifying theory to explain cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and lethality. The basis of this theory is the formation of simultaneously polyploid and aneuploid cancer cells, polyaneuploid cancer cells (PACCs), that avoid the toxic effects of systemic therapy by entering a state of cell cycle arrest. The theory is independent of which of the classically associated oncogenic mutations have already occurred. PACCs have been generally disregarded as senescent or dying cells. Our theory states that therapeutic resistance is driven by PACC formation that is enabled by accessing a polyploid program that allows an aneuploid cancer cell to double its genomic content, followed by entry into a nondividing cell state to protect DNA integrity and ensure cell survival. Upon removal of stress, e.g., chemotherapy, PACCs undergo depolyploidization and generate resistant progeny that make up the bulk of cancer cells within a tumor.
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1085
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Tempol differently affects cellular redox changes and antioxidant enzymes in various lung-related cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14869. [PMID: 34290305 PMCID: PMC8295274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) is a potential redox agent in cells. The present study investigated changes in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels and in antioxidant enzymes, in Tempol-treated Calu-6 and A549 lung cancer cells, normal lung WI-38 VA-13 cells, and primary pulmonary fibroblasts. Results demonstrated that Tempol (0.5–4 mM) either increased or decreased general ROS levels in lung cancer and normal cells at 48 h and specifically increased O2•− levels in these cells. In addition, Tempol differentially altered the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and thioredoxin reductase1 (TrxR1) in A549, Calu-6, and WI-38 VA-13 cells. In particular, Tempol treatment increased TrxR1 protein levels in these cells. Tempol at 1 mM inhibited the growth of lung cancer and normal cells by about 50% at 48 h but also significantly induced cell death, as evidenced by annexin V-positive cells. Furthermore, down-regulation of TrxR1 by siRNA had some effect on ROS levels as well as cell growth inhibition and death in Tempol-treated or -untreated lung cells. In addition, some doses of Tempol significantly increased the numbers of GSH-depleted cells in both cancer cells and normal cells at 48 h. In conclusion, Tempol differentially increased or decreased levels of ROS and various antioxidant enzymes in lung cancer and normal cells, and induced growth inhibition and death in all lung cells along with an increase in O2•− levels and GSH depletion.
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1086
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Luo Y, Yin S, Lu J, Zhou S, Shao Y, Bao X, Wang T, Qiu Y, Yu H. Tumor microenvironment: a prospective target of natural alkaloids for cancer treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:386. [PMID: 34284780 PMCID: PMC8290600 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumor has become one of the major diseases that seriously endangers human health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely associated with patient prognosis. Tumor growth and progression are strongly dependent on its surrounding tumor microenvironment, because the optimal conditions originated from stromal elements are required for cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. The tumor microenvironment is an environment rich in immune/inflammatory cells and accompanied by a continuous, gradient of hypoxia and pH. Overcoming immunosuppressive environment and boosting anti-tumor immunity may be the key to the prevention and treatment of cancer. Most traditional Chinese medicine have been proved to have good anti-tumor activity, and they have the advantages of better therapeutic effect and few side effects in the treatment of malignant tumors. An increasing number of studies are giving evidence that alkaloids extracted from traditional Chinese medicine possess a significant anticancer efficiency via regulating a variety of tumor-related genes, pathways and other mechanisms. This paper reviews the anti-tumor effect of alkaloids targeting tumor microenvironment, and further reveals its anti-tumor mechanism through the effects of alkaloids on different components in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Luo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaomei Bao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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1087
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Ura B, Biffi S, Monasta L, Arrigoni G, Battisti I, Di Lorenzo G, Romano F, Aloisio M, Celsi F, Addobbati R, Valle F, Rampazzo E, Brucale M, Ridolfi A, Licastro D, Ricci G. Two Dimensional-Difference in Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) Proteomic Approach for the Identification of Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer Serum. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143639. [PMID: 34298850 PMCID: PMC8305989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy arising from the endometrium. Identification of serum biomarkers could be beneficial for its early diagnosis. We have used 2D-Difference In Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS) procedures to investigate the serum proteome of 15 patients with endometrial cancer and 15 non-cancer subjects. We have identified 16 proteins with diagnostic potential, considering only spots with a fold change in %V ≥ 1.5 or ≤0.6 in intensity, which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Western blotting data analysis confirmed the upregulation of CLU, ITIH4, SERPINC1, and C1RL in endometrial and exosome cancer sera compared to those of control subjects. The application of the logistic regression constructed based on the abundance of these four proteins separated the controls from the cancers with excellent levels of sensitivity and specificity. After a validation phase, our findings support the potential of using the proposed algorithm as a diagnostic tool in the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blendi Ura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Biffi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.A.); (I.B.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.A.); (I.B.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lorenzo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Michelangelo Aloisio
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Riccardo Addobbati
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Danilo Licastro
- ARGO Laboratorio Genomica ed Epigenomica, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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1088
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Mechanisms of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Control in the DNA Damage Response to Oxidative Stress, Epigenetic Regulation, and Persistent Innate Immune Suppression Following Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071146. [PMID: 34356379 PMCID: PMC8301080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have evolved extensive signaling mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis. While basal levels of oxidants are critical for normal signaling, a tipping point is reached when the level of oxidant species exceed cellular antioxidant capabilities. Myriad pathological conditions are characterized by elevated oxidative stress, which can cause alterations in cellular operations and damage to cellular components including nucleic acids. Maintenance of nuclear chromatin are critically important for host survival and eukaryotic organisms possess an elaborately orchestrated response to initiate repair of such DNA damage. Recent evidence indicates links between the cellular antioxidant response, the DNA damage response (DDR), and the epigenetic status of the cell under conditions of elevated oxidative stress. In this emerging model, the cellular response to excessive oxidants may include redox sensors that regulate both the DDR and an orchestrated change to the epigenome in a tightly controlled program that both protects and regulates the nuclear genome. Herein we use sepsis as a model of an inflammatory pathophysiological condition that results in elevated oxidative stress, upregulation of the DDR, and epigenetic reprogramming of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to discuss new evidence for interplay between the antioxidant response, the DNA damage response, and epigenetic status.
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1089
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Gao P, Peng T, Lin S, Zhi W, Cao C, Wu P, Xi L, Wu P, Yang Q, Ding W. Key Role of MCUR1 in Malignant Progression of Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4163-4175. [PMID: 34285508 PMCID: PMC8286154 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s306854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial calcium uniporter regulator 1 (MCUR1, also known as CCDC90A) is a protein-coding gene that plays a key role in mitochondrial calcium uptake. However, knowledge about its clinical significance in breast cancer is still limited. Methods The expression profile of MCUR1 in various cancers was analyzed via the ONCOMINE and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource databases. The correlation between MCUR1 expression and the clinical features of breast cancer was investigated using UALCAN and MEXPRESS. Immunohistochemical analysis was applied to verify the expression of MCUR1 in breast cancer. The prognostic significance of MCUR1 in breast cancer was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier plotter and the PrognoScan database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the possible biological functions of MCUR1. In addition, the function of MCUR1 was examined by gene silencing in vitro. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of proteins. Results MCUR1 was overexpressed in breast cancer and significantly related to the clinical characteristics of breast cancer. Results from the public databases and IHC analysis indicated that MCUR1 expression was the highest in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The high expression of MCUR1 was associated with poor overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and recurrence-free survival. GSEA showed that the hypoxia pathway, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway, epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathway, and notch signaling pathway were differentially enriched in the high MCUR1 expression phenotype. In vitro experiments showed that MCUR1 knockdown in TNBC cell lines led to a decrease in cellular ROS and weakened cell migration and invasion abilities. Moreover, Western blotting showed that MCUR1 knockdown inhibited the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of TNBC cells via the ROS/Nrf2/Notch pathways. Conclusion Our study suggests that MCUR1 plays a pivotal role in the malignant progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Peng
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitong Lin
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Zhi
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Canhui Cao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xi
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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1090
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DNA methylation and histone variants in aging and cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 364:1-110. [PMID: 34507780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases such as cancer can be traced to the accumulation of molecular disorder including increased DNA mutations and epigenetic drift. We provide a comprehensive review of recent results in mice and humans on modifications of DNA methylation and histone variants during aging and in cancer. Accumulated errors in DNA methylation maintenance lead to global decreases in DNA methylation with relaxed repression of repeated DNA and focal hypermethylation blocking the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Epigenetic clocks based on quantifying levels of DNA methylation at specific genomic sites is proving to be a valuable metric for estimating the biological age of individuals. Histone variants have specialized functions in transcriptional regulation and genome stability. Their concentration tends to increase in aged post-mitotic chromatin, but their effects in cancer are mainly determined by their specialized functions. Our increased understanding of epigenetic regulation and their modifications during aging has motivated interventions to delay or reverse epigenetic modifications using the epigenetic clocks as a rapid readout for efficacity. Similarly, the knowledge of epigenetic modifications in cancer is suggesting new approaches to target these modifications for cancer therapy.
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1091
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Lu H, Mei C, Yang L, Zheng J, Tong J, Duan F, Liang H, Hong L. PPM-18, an Analog of Vitamin K, Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells Through ROS and AMPK Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684915. [PMID: 34305598 PMCID: PMC8299005 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PPM-18, identified as a novel analog of vitamin K, has been reported to play a critical role in the suppression of seizures. However, the concerns that whether PPM-18, like vitamin K, exerts anticancer activity remain to be further investigated. Here, we found that PPM-18 remarkably suppressed the proliferation and induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, a significant autophagic effect of PPM-18 on bladder cancer cells was also demonstrated, which profoundly promoted apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, PPM-18 activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), whereas it repressed PI3K/AKT and mTORC1 pathways in bladder cancer cells. Inhibition of AMPK markedly relieved PPM-18–induced autophagy and apoptosis, indicating that PPM-18 is able to induce autophagy and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells via AMPK activation. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were notably accumulated in PPM-18–treated bladder cancer cells, and treatment with ROS scavengers not only eliminated ROS production but also abrogated AMPK activation, which eventually rescued bladder cancer cells from PPM-18–triggered autophagy and apoptotic cell death. In bladder cancer xenografts, the anticancer activities of PPM-18, including suppressing the growth of tumors and inducing autophagy and apoptosis in tumor cells, were also established. Collectively, this study was the first to demonstrate the anticancer effect of PPM-18 on bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through eliciting autophagy and apoptosis via ROS and AMPK pathways, which might provide new insights into the potential utilization of PPM-18 for future bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiai Lu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlei Mei
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luhao Yang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Zheng
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Tong
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengsen Duan
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huageng Liang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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1092
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Niu LT, Wang YQ, Wong CCL, Gao SX, Mo XD, Huang XJ. Targeting IFN-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase overcomes chemoresistance in AML through regulating the ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101159. [PMID: 34252711 PMCID: PMC8319687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GILT is upregulated in chemoresistant LSC-enriched CD34+ progenitor cells. Inhibition of GILT in AML cells sensitized them to Ara-C treatment through ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. PI3K/Akt/NRF2 pathway inhibition is critical for the intracellular oxidative state in GILT-suppression AML cells after Ara-C treatment. GILT expression is related to a poor prognosis in AML patients.
The persistence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is one of the leading causes of chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To explore the factors important in LSC-mediated resistance, we use mass spectrometry to screen the factors related to LSC chemoresistance and defined IFN-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) as a candidate. We found that the GILT expression was upregulated in chemoresistant CD34+ AML cells. Loss of function studies demonstrated that silencing of GILT in AML cells sensitized them to Ara-C treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic findings revealed that the ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage plays a pivotal role in inducing apoptosis of GILT-inhibited AML cells after Ara-C treatment. The inactivation of PI3K/Akt/ nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway, causing reduced generation of antioxidants such as SOD2 and leading to a shifted ratio of GSH/GSSG to the oxidized form, contributed to the over-physiological oxidative status in the absence of GILT. The prognostic value of GILT was also validated in AML patients. Taken together, our work demonstrated that the inhibition of GILT increases AML chemo-sensitivity through elevating ROS level and induce oxidative mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis, and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NRF2 pathway enhances the intracellular oxidative state by disrupting redox homeostasis, providing a potentially effective way to overcome chemoresistance of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Niu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
| | - Catherine C L Wong
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871,; Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Shuai-Xin Gao
- Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Mo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871,.
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1093
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Beneventi G, Munita R, Cao Thi Ngoc P, Madej M, Cieśla M, Muthukumar S, Krogh N, Nielsen H, Swaminathan V, Bellodi C. The small Cajal body-specific RNA 15 (SCARNA15) directs p53 and redox homeostasis via selective splicing in cancer cells. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab026. [PMID: 34316713 PMCID: PMC8271217 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs) guide post-transcriptional modification of spliceosomal RNA and, while commonly altered in cancer, have poorly defined roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we uncover that SCARNA15 directs alternative splicing (AS) and stress adaptation in cancer cells. Specifically, we find that SCARNA15 guides critical pseudouridylation (Ψ) of U2 spliceosomal RNA to fine-tune AS of distinct transcripts enriched for chromatin and transcriptional regulators in malignant cells. This critically impacts the expression and function of the key tumor suppressors ATRX and p53. Significantly, SCARNA15 loss impairs p53-mediated redox homeostasis and hampers cancer cell survival, motility and anchorage-independent growth. In sum, these findings highlight an unanticipated role for SCARNA15 and Ψ in directing cancer-associated splicing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Beneventi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Munita
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Phuong Cao Thi Ngoc
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Madej
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maciej Cieśla
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sowndarya Muthukumar
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vinay Swaminathan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristian Bellodi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
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1094
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Yang Y, Jiang Z, Wu W, Ruan L, Yu C, Xi Y, Wang L, Wang K, Mo J, Zhao S. Chronic Hepatitis Virus Infection Are Associated With High Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703558. [PMID: 34307172 PMCID: PMC8297975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting studies demonstrated both chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection might be associated not only with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma but also extrahepatic malignancies, i.e., gastric cancer (GC). However, a quantitative result addressing the association between HBV/HCV infection and GC development is scarce. A systematic search to identify the eligible studies was performed in four databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the PsychINFO. The relationship between HBV/HCV infection and the risk of GC was quantified by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). More methodologies of this study were available in the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021243719). Thirteen included studies involving 7,027,546 individuals (mean age, 42.6-71.9 years) were enrolled in the pooled analyses. Two articles provided the clinical data of both HBV and HCV infections. The proportion of high methodological quality studies was 76.9% (10/13). Synthetic results from 10 eligible studies of HBV showed that HBV infection was associated with a significantly higher risk of GC when compared with the healthy controls without HBV infection (pooled HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08–1.47; P = 0.003; heterogeneity, I2 = 89.3%; P< 0.001). In line with this finding, the combined effect derived from five included studies of HCV also supported a significant positive association between chronic HBV infection and GC development (pooled HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.28–2.76; P = 0.001; heterogeneity, I2 = 74.7%; P = 0.003). In conclusion, both chronic HBV and HCV infections were related to a high risk of GC. The plausible mechanisms underlying such association might be correlated to HBV/HCV infection-induced persistent inflammation, immune dysfunction, and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Zufu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Libin Ruan
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Chengyang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yuning Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Liling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jinggang Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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1095
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Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation Status in Cervical Cancer Patients Compared with Women Without Cervical Cancer in Bangladesh. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-021-00560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Over the past several decades, research has suggested reactive oxygen species act as cofactors for cervical cancer development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status in cervical cancer patients in Bangladesh.
Methods
From December 2017 to 2018, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 50 cervical cancer patients and 50 controls. Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity were measured. The Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 were taken as a level of significance.
Results
There was a significant reduction in total antioxidant levels in patients with cervical cancer, 972.77 ± 244.22 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L, compared to normal controls, 1720.13 ± 150.81 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L (P < 0.001). Levels of lipid peroxidation were found to be significantly higher in cervical cancer, 7.49 ± 2.13 SD µmol/L, than in women without cervical cancer, 3.28 ± 0.58 SD µmol/L (P < 0.001). The cervical cancer patients had significantly higher levels of oxidative stress index (0.83 ± 0.31) in comparison to controls (0.19 ± 0.04) (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
There was an increased oxidative stress index due to imbalance between lipid peroxidation generation and total antioxidant capacity in cervical cancer patients. Further studies are needed to explore the role of oxidative stress as a cofactor for cervical carcinogenesis.
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1096
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Cotzomi-Ortega I, Nieto-Yañez O, Juárez-Avelar I, Rojas-Sanchez G, Montes-Alvarado JB, Reyes-Leyva J, Aguilar-Alonso P, Rodriguez-Sosa M, Maycotte P. Autophagy inhibition in breast cancer cells induces ROS-mediated MIF expression and M1 macrophage polarization. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110075. [PMID: 34229086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy can function as a survival mechanism for cancer cells and therefore, its inhibition is currently being explored as a therapy for different cancer types. For breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype most sensitive to the inhibition of autophagy; but its inhibition has also been shown to promote ROS-dependent secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-tumorigenic cytokine. In this work, we explore the role of MIF in breast cancer, the mechanism by which autophagy inhibition promotes MIF secretion and its effects on neighboring cancer cell signaling and macrophage polarization. We analyzed MIF mRNA expression levels in tumors from breast cancer patients from different subtypes and found that Luminal B, HER2 and Basal subtypes, which are associated to high proliferation, displayed high MIF levels. However, MIF expression had no prognostic relevance in any breast cancer subtype. In addition, we found that autophagy inhibition in 66cl4 TNBC cells increased intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, which increased MIF expression and secretion. MIF secreted from 66cl4 TNBC cells induced the activation of MIF-regulated pathways in syngeneic cell lines, increasing Akt phosphorylation in 4T1 cells and ERK phosphorylation in 67NR cells. Regarding MIF/ chemokine receptors, higher levels of CD74 and CXCR2 were found in TNBC tumor cell lines when compared to non-tumorigenic cells and CXCR7 was elevated in the highly metastatic 4T1 cell line. Finally, secreted MIF from autophagy deficient 66cl4 cells induced macrophage polarization towards the M1 subtype. Together, our results indicate an important role for the inhibition of autophagy in the regulation of ROS-mediated MIF gene expression and secretion, with paracrine effects on cancer cell signaling and pro-inflammatory repercussions in macrophage M1 polarization. This data should be considered when considering the inhibition of autophagy as a therapy for different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Cotzomi-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Oscar Nieto-Yañez
- Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlanepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Imelda Juárez-Avelar
- Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlanepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Rojas-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - José Benito Montes-Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico
| | - Julio Reyes-Leyva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (FES-I), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlanepantla 54090, Mexico.
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico.
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1097
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Hagiwara M, Fushimi A, Yamashita N, Bhattacharya A, Rajabi H, Long MD, Yasumizu Y, Oya M, Liu S, Kufe D. MUC1-C activates the PBAF chromatin remodeling complex in integrating redox balance with progression of human prostate cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:4930-4940. [PMID: 34163028 PMCID: PMC8321896 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The polybromo-associated PBAF (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, which includes PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7, regulates cell differentiation and genomic integrity. MUC1-C is an oncogenic protein that drives lineage plasticity in prostate cancer (PC) progression. The present work demonstrates that MUC1-C induces PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 expression by the previously unrecognized E2F1-mediated activation of their respective promoters. The functional significance of the MUC1-C→PBAF pathway is supported by demonstrating involvement of MUC1-C in associating with nuclear PBAF and driving the NRF2 antioxidant gene transcriptome in PC cells. Mechanistically, MUC1-C forms a complex with NRF2 and PBRM1 on the NRF2 target SLC7A11 gene that encodes the xCT cystine-glutamate antiporter, increases chromatin accessibility and induces SLC7A11/xCT expression. We also show that MUC1-C and PBRM1 are necessary for induction of other NRF2 target genes, including G6PD and PGD that regulate the pentose phosphate pathway. Our results further demonstrate that MUC1-C integrates activation of PBRM1 with the regulation of antioxidant genes, ROS levels, pluripotency factor expression and the cancer stem cell (CSC) state. These findings reveal a role for MUC1-C in regulating PBAF, redox balance and lineage plasticity of PC CSC progression. Our findings also uncover involvement of MUC1-C in integrating the PBAF and BAF pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Hagiwara
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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1098
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Koppula P, Olszewski K, Zhang Y, Kondiparthi L, Liu X, Lei G, Das M, Fang B, Poyurovsky MV, Gan B. KEAP1 deficiency drives glucose dependency and sensitizes lung cancer cells and tumors to GLUT inhibition. iScience 2021; 24:102649. [PMID: 34151236 PMCID: PMC8193145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells can create metabolic liabilities. KEAP1-mutant lung cancer is refractory to most current therapies. Here we show that KEAP1 deficiency promotes glucose dependency in lung cancer cells, and KEAP1-mutant/deficient lung cancer cells are more vulnerable to glucose deprivation than their WT counterparts. Mechanistically, KEAP1 inactivation in lung cancer cells induces constitutive activation of NRF2 transcription factor and aberrant expression of NRF2 target cystine transporter SLC7A11; under glucose limitation, high cystine uptake in KEAP1-inactivated lung cancer cells stimulates toxic intracellular disulfide buildup, NADPH depletion, and cell death, which can be rescued by genetic ablation of NRF2-SLC7A11 axis or treatments inhibiting disulfide accumulation. Finally, we show that KEAP1-inactivated lung cancer cells or xenograft tumors are sensitive to glucose transporter inhibitor. Together, our results reveal that KEAP1 deficiency induces glucose dependency in lung cancer cells and uncover a therapeutically relevant metabolic liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranavi Koppula
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guang Lei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Molina Das
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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1099
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Medici S, Peana M, Pelucelli A, Zoroddu MA. An updated overview on metal nanoparticles toxicity. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:17-26. [PMID: 34182143 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although thousands of different nanoparticles (NPs) have been identified and synthesized to date, well-defined, consistent guidelines to control their exposure and evaluate their potential toxicity have yet to be fully established. As potential applications of nanotechnology in numerous fields multiply, there is an increased awareness of the issue of nanomaterials' toxicity among scientists and producers managing them. An updated inventory of customer products containing NPs estimates that they currently number over 5.000; ten years ago, they were one fifth of this. More often than not, products bear no information regarding the presence of NPs in the indicated list of ingredients or components. Consumers are therefore largely unaware of the extent to which nanomaterials have entered our lives, let alone their potential risks. Moreover, the lack of certainties with regard to the safe use of NPs is curbing their applications in the biomedical field, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, where they are performing outstandingly but are not yet being exploited as much as they could. The production of radical oxygen species is a predominant mechanism leading to metal NPs-driven carcinogenesis. The release of particularly reactive metal ions capable of crossing cell membranes has also been implicated in NPs toxicity. In this review we discuss the origin, behavior and biological toxicity of different metal NPs with the aim of rationalizing related health hazards and calling attention to toxicological concerns involved in their increasingly widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serenella Medici
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessio Pelucelli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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1100
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Han X, Duan X, Liu Z, Long Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Li N, Qin J, Wang Y. ZEB1 directly inhibits GPX4 transcription contributing to ROS accumulation in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 188:329-342. [PMID: 34169392 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies have noted that zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a master transcription regulator, affecting the expression of nearly 2000 genes in breast cancer cells, especially in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We now tested the role of ZEB1 on the oxidative stress of cancer cells and explored its possible mechanisms. METHODS Two human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 were selected for the ROS test, PCR, immunofluorescence, Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase assay, and enzyme assay. Mouse models experiments and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to test the indicated molecules. RESULTS We observed ZEB1 could inhibit GPX4 transcription by binding to the E-box motifs and promote breast cancer progression by accumulating intracellular ROS. From the perspective of ROS clearance, Vitamin E enhanced GPX4 function to consume L-glutathione and eliminated excess intracellular ROS. CONCLUSIONS ZEB1 could not only regulate EMT, but also inhibit GPX4 transcription by binding to the E-box motif. It was important to note that the ZEB1/GPX4 axis had a therapeutic effect on breast cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Xianxian Duan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhanzhao Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaping Long
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China.
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