1101
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Lee J, Ko H, Song E, Kim HG, Cho K. Naphthodithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymer with Linear, Planar Backbone Conformation and Strong Intermolecular Packing for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21159-69. [PMID: 26360662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Two donor-acceptor copolymers, PBDT and PNDT, containing 4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dithiophene (BDT) and 4,9-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (NDT), respectively, as an electron-rich unit and 5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (2FBT) as an electron-deficient unit, were synthesized and compared. The introduction of the NDT core into the conjugated backbone was found to effectively improve both light harvesting and the charge carrier mobility by enhancing chain planarity and backbone linearity; the NDT copolymer has stronger noncovalent interactions and smaller bond angles than those of the BDT-based polymer. Moreover, the introduction of the NDT core brings about a drastic change in the molecular orientation into the face-on motif and results in polymer:PCBM blend films with well-mixed interpenetrating nanofibrillar bulk-heterojunction networks with small-scale phase separation, which produce solar cells with higher short-circuit current density and fill factor values. A conventional optimized device structure containing PNDT:PC71BM was found to exhibit a maximum solar efficiency of 6.35%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.84 V, a short-circuit current density of 11.92 mA cm(-2), and a fill factor of 63.5% with thermal annealing, which demonstrates that the NDT and DT2FBT moieties are a promising electron-donor/acceptor combination for high-performance photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyomin Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Heung Gyu Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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1102
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Li L, Xiao L, Qin H, Gao K, Peng J, Cao Y, Liu F, Russell TP, Peng X. High-Efficiency Small Molecule-Based Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells Enhanced by Additive Annealing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21495-21502. [PMID: 26355348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Solvent additive processing is important in optimizing an active layer's morphology and thus improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, we find that how 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) additive is removed plays a critical role in determining the film morphology of the bulk heterojunction OSCs in inverted structure based on a porphyrin small molecule. Different from the cases reported for polymer-based OSCs in conventional structures, the inverted OSCs upon the quick removal of the additive either by quick vacuuming or methanol washing exhibit poorer performance. In contrast, the devices after keeping the active layers in ambient pressure with additive dwelling for about 1 h (namely, additive annealing) show an enhanced power conversion efficiency up to 7.78% with a large short circuit current of 19.25 mA/cm(2), which are among the best in small molecule-based solar cells. The detailed morphology analyses using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, resonant soft X-ray scattering, and atomic force microscopy demonstrate that the active layer shows smaller-sized phase separation but improved structure order upon additive annealing. On the contrary, the quick removal of the additive either by quick vacuuming or methanol washing keeps the active layers in an earlier stage of large scaled phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liangang Xiao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongmei Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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1103
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Long G, Wu B, Yang X, Kan B, Zhou YC, Chen LC, Wan X, Zhang HL, Sum TC, Chen Y. Enhancement of Performance and Mechanism Studies of All-Solution Processed Small-Molecule based Solar Cells with an Inverted Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21245-21253. [PMID: 26352703 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Both solution-processed polymers and small molecule based solar cells have achieved PCEs over 9% with the conventional device structure. However, for the practical applications of photovoltaic technology, further enhancement of both device performance and stability are urgently required, particularly for the inverted structure devices, since this architecture will probably be most promising for the possible coming commercialization. In this work, we have fabricated both conventional and inverted structure devices using the same small molecular donor/acceptor materials and compared the performance of both device structures, and found that the inverted structure based device gave significantly improved performance, the highest PCE so far for inverted structure based device using small molecules as the donor. Furthermore, the inverted device shows a remarkable stability with almost no obvious degradation after three months. Systematic device physics and charge generation dynamics studies, including optical simulation, light-intensity-dependent current-voltage experiments, photocurrent density-effective voltage analyses, transient absorption measurements, and electrical simulations, indicate that the significantly enhanced performance using inverted device is ascribed to the increasing of Jsc compared to the conventional device, which in turn is mainly attributed to the increased absorption of photons in the active layers, rather than the reduced nongeminate recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guankui Long
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
- Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Xuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin Kan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ye-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li-Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, China
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1104
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Saito M, Osaka I, Suzuki Y, Takimiya K, Okabe T, Ikeda S, Asano T. Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells Based on Thiazolothiazole and Naphthobisthiadiazole Copolymers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14202. [PMID: 26395221 PMCID: PMC4585800 DOI: 10.1038/srep14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical issue in polymer-based solar cells (PSCs) is to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) as well as the stability. Here, we describe the development of new semiconducting polymers consisting of thiophene, thiazolothiazole and naphthobisthiadiazole in the polymer backbone. The polymers had good solubility and thus solution-processability, appropriate electronic structure with narrow band gaps of ~1.57 eV and low-lying HOMO energy levels of ~-5.40 eV, and highly ordered structure with the favorable face-on backbone orientation. Solar cells based on the polymers and PC71BM exhibited quite high PCEs of up to 9%. More interestingly, the cells also demonstrated excellent stability as they showed negligible degradation of PCE when stored at 85˚C for 500 hours in the dark under nitrogen atmosphere. These results indicate that the newly developed polymers are promising materials for PSCs in the practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Group, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Group, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku 102-0075 Japan
| | - Yasuhito Suzuki
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Group, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Group, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Okabe
- Central Technical Research Laboratory, JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, 8, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Satoru Ikeda
- Central Technical Research Laboratory, JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, 8, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asano
- Central Technical Research Laboratory, JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, 8, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
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1105
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Zhou N, Guo X, Ortiz RP, Harschneck T, Manley EF, Lou SJ, Hartnett PE, Yu X, Horwitz NE, Burrezo PM, Aldrich TJ, López Navarrete JT, Wasielewski MR, Chen LX, Chang RPH, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Marked Consequences of Systematic Oligothiophene Catenation in Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and Bithiopheneimide Photovoltaic Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12565-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanjia Zhou
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center,
the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rocio Ponce Ortiz
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Tobias Harschneck
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eric F. Manley
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sylvia J. Lou
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Patrick E. Hartnett
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Noah E. Horwitz
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Thomas J. Aldrich
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Robert. P. H. Chang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center,
the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center,
the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, the Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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1106
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Katsouras A, Gasparini N, Koulogiannis C, Spanos M, Ameri T, Brabec CJ, Chochos CL, Avgeropoulos A. Systematic Analysis of Polymer Molecular Weight Influence on the Organic Photovoltaic Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1778-97. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Michael Spanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern); Haberstrasse 2a 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
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1107
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Kim JY, Cho E, Kim J, Shin H, Roh J, Thambidurai M, Kang CM, Song HJ, Kim S, Kim H, Lee C. Improved photovoltaic performance of inverted polymer solar cells through a sol-gel processed Al-doped ZnO electron extraction layer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:A1334-A1341. [PMID: 26406762 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.0a1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that nanocrystalline Al-doped zinc oxide (n-AZO) thin film used as an electron-extraction layer can significantly enhance the performance of inverted polymer solar cells based on the bulk heterojunction of poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl] (PCDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl C(71)-butyric acid methyl ester (PC(70)BM). A synergistic study with both simulation and experiment on n-AZO was carried out to offer a rational guidance for the efficiency improvement. As a result, An n-AZO film with an average grain size of 13 to 22 nm was prepared by a sol-gel spin-coating method, and a minimum resistivity of 2.1 × 10(-3) Ω·cm was obtained for an Al-doping concentration of 5.83 at.%. When an n-AZO film with a 5.83 at.% Al concentration was inserted between the ITO electrode and the active layer (PCDTBT:PC(70)BM), the power conversion efficiency increased from 3.7 to 5.6%.
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1108
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Zhong Y, Trinh MT, Chen R, Purdum GE, Khlyabich PP, Sezen M, Oh S, Zhu H, Fowler B, Zhang B, Wang W, Nam CY, Sfeir MY, Black CT, Steigerwald ML, Loo YL, Ng F, Zhu XY, Nuckolls C. Molecular helices as electron acceptors in high-performance bulk heterojunction solar cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8242. [PMID: 26382113 PMCID: PMC4595599 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous organic semiconducting materials synthesized for organic photovoltaics in the past decade, fullerenes are widely used as electron acceptors in highly efficient bulk-heterojunction solar cells. None of the non-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells have achieved efficiencies as high as fullerene-based solar cells. Design principles for fullerene-free acceptors remain unclear in the field. Here we report examples of helical molecular semiconductors as electron acceptors that are on par with fullerene derivatives in efficient solar cells. We achieved an 8.3% power conversion efficiency in a solar cell, which is a record high for non-fullerene bulk heterojunctions. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed both electron and hole transfer processes at the donor-acceptor interfaces. Atomic force microscopy reveals a mesh-like network of acceptors with pores that are tens of nanometres in diameter for efficient exciton separation and charge transport. This study describes a new motif for designing highly efficient acceptors for organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M Tuan Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Rongsheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Geoffrey E Purdum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Petr P Khlyabich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Melda Sezen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Seokjoon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Brandon Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, New York 11973, USA
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, New York 11973, USA
| | - Charles T Black
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, New York 11973, USA
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, MC3130, New York, New York 10027, USA
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1109
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Sauvé G, Fernando R. Beyond Fullerenes: Designing Alternative Molecular Electron Acceptors for Solution-Processable Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3770-80. [PMID: 26722869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are promising candidates for providing a low cost, widespread energy source by converting sunlight into electricity. Solution-processable active layers have predominantly consisted of a conjugated polymer donor blended with a fullerene derivative as the acceptor. Although fullerene derivatives have been the acceptor of choice, they have drawbacks such as weak visible light absorption and poor energy tuning that limit overall efficiencies. This has recently fueled new research to explore alternative acceptors that would overcome those limitations. During this exploration, one question arises: what are the important design principles for developing nonfullerene acceptors? It is generally accepted that acceptors should have high electron affinity, electron mobility, and absorption coefficient in the visible and near-IR region of the spectra. In this Perspective, we argue that alternative molecular acceptors, when blended with a conjugated polymer donor, should also have large nonplanar structures to promote nanoscale phase separation, charge separation and charge transport in blend films. Additionally, new material design should address the low dielectric constant of organic semiconductors that have so far limited their widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Roshan Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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1110
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Sun SX, Huo Y, Li MM, Hu X, Zhang HJ, Zhang YW, Zhang YD, Chen XL, Shi ZF, Gong X, Chen Y, Zhang HL. Understanding the Halogenation Effects in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Small Molecule Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19914-22. [PMID: 26261995 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two molecules containing a central diketopyrrolopyrrole and two oligothiophene units have been designed and synthesized. Comparisons between the molecules containing terminal F (FDPP) and Cl (CDPP) atoms allowed us to evaluate the effects of halogenation on the photovoltaic properties of the small molecule organic solar cells (OSCs). The OSCs devices employing FDPP:PC71BM films showed power conversion efficiencies up to 4.32%, suggesting that fluorination is an efficient method for constructing small molecules for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Miao Li
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engneering and Department of Polymer Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44236, United States
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - You-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - You-Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Fa Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Gong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engneering and Department of Polymer Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44236, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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1111
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He B, Zhang BA, Liu F, Navarro A, Fernández-Liencres MP, Lu R, Lo K, Chen TL, Russell TP, Liu Y. Electronic and Morphological Studies of Conjugated Polymers Incorporating a Disk-Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Unit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20034-20045. [PMID: 26302772 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As more research findings have shown the correlation between ordering in organic semiconductor thin films and device performance, it is becoming more essential to exercise control of the ordering through structural tuning. Many recent studies have focused on the influence of side chain engineering on polymer packing orientation in thin films. However, the impact of the size and conformation of aromatic surfaces on thin film ordering has not been investigated in great detail. Here we introduce a disk-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon building block with a large π surface, namely, thienoazacoronenes (TACs), as a donor monomer for conjugated polymers. A series of medium bandgap conjugated polymers have been synthesized by copolymerizing TAC with electron donating monomers of varying size. The incorporation of the TAC unit in such semiconducting polymers allows a systematic investigation, both experimentally and theoretically, of the relationships between polymer conformation, electronic structure, thin film morphology, and charge transport properties. Field effect transistors based on these polymers have shown good hole mobilities and photoresponses, proving that TAC is a promising building block for high performance optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin A Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Amparo Navarro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén , Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - M Paz Fernández-Liencres
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén , Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Kelvin Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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1112
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Xue Z, Liu X, Lv Y, Zhang N, Guo X. Low-Work-Function, ITO-Free Transparent Cathodes for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19960-19965. [PMID: 26323711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A low-work-function, indium tin oxide (ITO)-free transparent cathode having a tin oxide (SnOX)/Ag/SnOX/bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) (SASB) structure is developed without using annealing treatment. This represents the first time that Bi2O3 has been introduced to lower the work function of transparent electrodes. The SASB transparent cathode exhibits excellent photoelectric properties with a maximum transmittance of ∼88%, a low sheet resistance of ∼9.0 Ω·sq(-1), and a suitable work function of 4.22 eV that matches the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the acceptor for exacting electrons efficiently. The power conversion efficiency of the polymer solar cell with the SASB electrode is 6.21%, which is comparable to that of ITO-based devices. The results indicate that SASB is a good alternative to ITO as transparent cathodes in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Ying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiaoyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
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1113
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Marzano G, Kotowski D, Babudri F, Musio R, Pellegrino A, Luzzati S, Po R, Farinola GM. Tin-Free Synthesis of a Ternary Random Copolymer for BHJ Solar Cells: Direct (Hetero)arylation versus Stille Polymerization. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Marzano
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via
Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - D. Kotowski
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, ISMAC, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Babudri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via
Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - R. Musio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via
Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - A. Pellegrino
- Centro Ricerche per le Energie Rinnovabili e l’Ambiente − Istituto Eni Donegani, Eni SpA, Via Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - S. Luzzati
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, ISMAC, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - R. Po
- Centro Ricerche per le Energie Rinnovabili e l’Ambiente − Istituto Eni Donegani, Eni SpA, Via Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - G. M. Farinola
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via
Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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1114
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Impact of alkoxyl tail of fullerene dyad acceptor on crystalline microstructure for efficient external treatment-free polymer solar cells with poly(3-hexylthiophene) as donor. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-5184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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1115
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Wu FC, Li YH, Tsou CJ, Tung KC, Yen CT, Chou FS, Tang FC, Chou WY, Ruan J, Cheng HL. Synergistic Effects of Binary-Solvent Annealing for Efficient Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18967-18976. [PMID: 26267758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer-fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted tremendous attention over the past two decades because of their potential to develop low-cost and easy methods to produce energy from light. The complicated microstructure and morphology with randomly organized architecture of these polymer-fullerene-based active layers (ALs) is a key factor that limits photovoltaic performance. In this study, a binary-solvent annealing (BSA) approach was established to improve the poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C60 bisadduct-based AL for efficient BHJ-type OSCs by varying the second solvents with different boiling points (BP). Thus, we were able to change the evaporation behavior of cosolvents and consequently obtain the various microstructural properties of the AL. An in-depth study was conducted on the solvent-evaporation driven morphology of the active layer under various cosolvent conditions and its effect on the photovoltaic parameters of OSCs. Under the BSA processes, we found that the specimens with low-BP second solvents allows us to observe a more ideal AL for increasing photon absorption and efficient charge transport and collection at the respective electrodes, resulting in enhanced PCE of the corresponding OSCs. By contrast, the specimens with high-BP second solvents exhibit random microstructures, which are detrimental to charge transport and collection and lead to diminished PCE of the corresponding OSCs. By appropriately selecting the composition of a binary solvent, BSA can be employed as an easy method for the effective manipulation of the microstructures of ALs. BSA is a promising technique for the performance enhancement of not only OSCs but also other organic/polymeric-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chiao Wu
- Department of Photonics, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Li
- Department of Photonics, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Jen Tsou
- Department of Photonics, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Tung
- Department of Photonics, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Yen
- Department of Photonics, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Sheng Chou
- Department of Photonics, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ching Tang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yang Chou
- Department of Photonics, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jrjeng Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Long Cheng
- Department of Photonics, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
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1116
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Kan B, Wan X, Liu F, Ni W, Feng H, Russell TP, Chen Y. A solution-processed high performance organic solar cell using a small molecule with the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene central unit. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15268-71. [PMID: 26329677 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A solution processed acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) small molecule with thieno[3,2-b]thiophene as the central building block and 2-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-rhodanine as the terminal unit, DRCN8TT, was designed and synthesized. The optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.11% was achieved, which is much higher than that of its analogue molecule DRCN8T. The improved performance was ascribed to the morphology which consisted of small, highly crystalline domains that were nearly commensurate with the exiton diffusion length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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1117
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Lu H, Wu Y, Li W, Wei H, Ma W, Bo Z. Enhancing the Photovoltaic Performance by Tuning the Morphology of Polymer:PC₇₁BM Blends with a Commercially Available Nucleating Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18924-18929. [PMID: 26288385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of a commercially available nucleating agent as the additive for the fabrication of polymer:PC71BM-based active layers by solution-processing can greatly enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ PSCs). The enhancement of device performance is mainly due to the addition of nucleating agent, which is able to regulate the drying process of the active layer and decrease the oversized domain size of conjugated polymers. Via this effective strategy to optimize the film morphology, the designed device exhibits an enhancement as great as 30.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hedi Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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1118
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van Franeker JJ, Heintges GHL, Schaefer C, Portale G, Li W, Wienk MM, van der Schoot P, Janssen RAJ. Polymer Solar Cells: Solubility Controls Fiber Network Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11783-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus J. van Franeker
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gaël H. L. Heintges
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Charley Schaefer
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Theory
of Polymers and Soft Matter, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- DUBBLE
CRG BM26@ESRF, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), 71 Avenue
des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Schoot
- Theory
of Polymers and Soft Matter, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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1119
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Sun B, Hong W, Thibau ES, Aziz H, Lu ZH, Li Y. Polyethylenimine (PEI) As an Effective Dopant To Conveniently Convert Ambipolar and p-Type Polymers into Unipolar n-Type Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18662-18671. [PMID: 26244847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we added a small amount of polyethylenimine (PEI) into several ambipolar and p-type polymer semiconductors and used these blends as channel materials in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). It is found that PEI can effectively suppress hole transport characteristics while maintaining or promoting the electron transport performance. Unipolar n-channel OTFTs with electron-only transport behavior is achieved for all the polymer semiconductors chosen with 2-10 wt % PEI. The electron-rich nitrogen atoms in PEI are thought to fill the electron traps, raise the Fermi level and function as trapping sites for holes, leading to promotion of electron transport and suppression of hole transport. This work demonstrates a convenient general approach to transforming ambipolar and p-type polymer semiconductors into unipolar n-type polymer semiconductors that are useful for printed logic circuits and many other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel S Thibau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | | | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
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1120
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Shin YR, Lee WH, Park JB, Kim JH, Lee SK, Shin WS, Hwang DH, Kang IN. Synthesis and characterization of new low band-gap polymers containing electron-accepting acenaphtho[1,2-c]thiophene-S,S-dioxide groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rim Shin
- Department of Chemistry; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Gyeonggi-Do 420-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Gyeonggi-Do 420-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Baek Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department of Chemistry; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Gyeonggi-Do 420-743 Republic of Korea
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1121
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Zhang M, Guo X, Ma W, Ade H, Hou J. A Large-Bandgap Conjugated Polymer for Versatile Photovoltaic Applications with High Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4655-4660. [PMID: 26173152 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new copolymer PM6 based on fluorothienyl-substituted benzodithiophene is synthesized and characterized. The inverted polymer solar cells based on PM6 exhibit excellent performance with Voc of 0.98 V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.2% for a thin-film thickness of 75 nm. Furthermore, the single-junction semitransparent device shows a high PCE of 5.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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1122
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Dou L, Liu Y, Hong Z, Li G, Yang Y. Low-Bandgap Near-IR Conjugated Polymers/Molecules for Organic Electronics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12633-65. [PMID: 26287387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Letian Dou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ziruo Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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1123
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Lee W, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Shin JM, Ku KH, Yang H, Lee J, Bae JG, Lee WB, Kim BJ. Graft Architectured Rod–Coil Copolymers Based on Alternating Conjugated Backbone: Morphological and Optical Properties. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonho Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Man Shin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Ku
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Gun Bae
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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1124
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Flow-enhanced solution printing of all-polymer solar cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7955. [PMID: 26264528 PMCID: PMC4557117 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphology control of solution coated solar cell materials presents a key challenge limiting their device performance and commercial viability. Here we present a new concept for controlling phase separation during solution printing using an all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cell as a model system. The key aspect of our method lies in the design of fluid flow using a microstructured printing blade, on the basis of the hypothesis of flow-induced polymer crystallization. Our flow design resulted in a ∼90% increase in the donor thin film crystallinity and reduced microphase separated donor and acceptor domain sizes. The improved morphology enhanced all metrics of solar cell device performance across various printing conditions, specifically leading to higher short-circuit current, fill factor, open circuit voltage and significantly reduced device-to-device variation. We expect our design concept to have broad applications beyond all-polymer solar cells because of its simplicity and versatility. Solution printing is a desirable route for manufacturing organic solar cells, whilst the major challenge lies with morphology control. Here, Diao et al. use a microstructured blade to guide the solution flow during printing, which improves polymer crystallization and the resulting device performance.
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1125
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Keshtov ML, Kuklin SA, Godovsky DY, Khokhlov AR, Kurchania R, Chen FC, Koukaras EN, Sharma GD. New alternating D-A1-D-A2copolymer containing two electron-deficient moieties based on benzothiadiazole and 9-(2-Octyldodecyl)-8H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]bisthieno[2,3-f:3',2'-h]quinoxaline-8,10(9H)-dione for efficient polymer solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Keshtov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilova str., 28 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - S. A. Kuklin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilova str., 28 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - D. Y. Godovsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilova str., 28 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - A. R. Khokhlov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilova str., 28 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1-2 Leninskiye Gory Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - R. Kurchania
- Department of Physics; Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT); Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462051 India
| | - F. C. Chen
- Department of Photonics; National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Emmanuel N. Koukaras
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research & Technology; Hellas Stadiou Str. Platani Patras 26504 Greece
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory; Department of Physics; University of Patras; Patras 26500 GR Greece
| | - G. D. Sharma
- R&D Center for Engineering and Science, JEC Group of Colleges, Jaipur Engineering College; Jaipur Rajasthan 303101 India
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1126
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Hu L, Wu F, Li C, Hu A, Hu X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Chen Y. Alcohol-Soluble n-Type Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as Electron Transport Layer for Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory
of New Energy Chemistry, and §Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Feiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory
of New Energy Chemistry, and §Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chunquan Li
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory
of New Energy Chemistry, and §Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Aifeng Hu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory
of New Energy Chemistry, and §Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory
of New Energy Chemistry, and §Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory
of New Energy Chemistry, and §Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory
of New Energy Chemistry, and §Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory
of New Energy Chemistry, and §Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
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1127
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Lu L, Zheng T, Wu Q, Schneider AM, Zhao D, Yu L. Recent Advances in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12666-731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2097] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander M. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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1128
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Cox PA, Glaz MS, Harrison JS, Peurifoy SR, Coffey DC, Ginger DS. Imaging Charge Transfer State Excitations in Polymer/Fullerene Solar Cells with Time-Resolved Electrostatic Force Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2852-2858. [PMID: 26267169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate nanoscale imaging of charge transfer state photoexcitations in polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells using time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy (trEFM). We compare local trEFM charging rates and external quantum efficiencies (EQE) for both above-gap and below-gap excitation of the model system poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). We show that the local trEFM charging rate correlates with device EQE for both above-gap and below-gap photoexcitation, demonstrating that EFM methods have sufficient sensitivity to detect the low EQEs associated with CT state formation, a result that could be useful for probing weak subgap excitations in nanostructured materials such as quantum dot and organometal halide perovskite solar cells. Further, we use trEFM to map spatial variations in EQE arising from subgap CT excitation in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and find that the local distribution of photocurrent arising from these states is nearly identical to the spatial variation in EQE from above-gap singlet excitation. These results are consistent with recent work showing that both above-gap and below-gap excitation have similar internal quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Micah S Glaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samuel R Peurifoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David C Coffey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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1129
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Cai W, Liu P, Jin Y, Xue Q, Liu F, Russell TP, Huang F, Yip HL, Cao Y. Morphology Evolution in High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells Processed from Nonhalogenated Solvent. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500095. [PMID: 27980968 PMCID: PMC5115419 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new processing protocol based on non-halogenated solvent and additive is developed to produce polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies better than those processed from commonly used halogenated solvent-additive pair. Morphology studies show that good performance correlates with a finely distributed nanomorphology with a well-defined polymer fibril network structure, which leads to balanced charge transport in device operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhu Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yaocheng Jin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Qifan Xue
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley CA 94720 USA; Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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1130
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Duan C, Furlan A, van Franeker JJ, Willems REM, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Wide-Bandgap Benzodithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Copolymers for Highly Efficient Multijunction Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4461-4468. [PMID: 26134748 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel wide-bandgap semiconducting polymers are designed and synthesized for multijunction polymer solar cell (PSC) applications. In single-junction PSCs, BDT-FBT-2T exhibits efficiencies exceeding 6.5% for active layer thicknesses between 90 and 250 nm, with the highest efficiency of 7.7% at 100 and 250 nm. This enables tandem PSCs to be created with an efficiency of 8.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Duan
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Furlan
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J van Franeker
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robin E M Willems
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612, AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612, AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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1131
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Nam S, Woo S, Seo J, Kim WH, Kim H, McNeill CR, Shin TJ, Bradley DDC, Kim Y. Pronounced Cosolvent Effects in Polymer:Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Sulfur-Rich Electron-Donating and Imide-Containing Electron-Accepting Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15995-16002. [PMID: 26182427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The performance of solar cells with a polymer:polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure, consisting of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-alt-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate] (PTB7-Th) donor and poly[[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)] (P(NDI2OD-T2)) acceptor polymers, was investigated as a function of cosolvent (p-xylene:chlorobenzene (pXL:CB)) composition ratio. A remarkable efficiency improvement (∼38%) was achieved by spin-coating the photoactive blend layer from pXL:CB = 80:20 (volume) rather than pXL alone, but the efficiency then decreased when the CB content increased further to pXL:CB = 60:40. The improved efficiency was correlated with a particular PTB7-Th:P(NDI2OD-T2) donor-acceptor blend nanostructure, evidenced by a fiber-like surface morphology, a red-shifted optical absorption, and enhanced PL quenching. Further device optimization for pXL:CB = 80:20 films yielded a power conversion efficiency of ∼5.4%. However, these devices showed very poor stability (∼15 min for a 50% reduction in initial efficiency), owing specifically to degradation of the PTB7-Th donor-component. Replacing PTB7-Th with a more stable donor polymer will be essential for any application potential to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Nam
- †Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
- ‡Center for Plastic Electronics, Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sungho Woo
- §Green Energy Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeok Seo
- †Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Hyun Kim
- §Green Energy Research Division, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajeong Kim
- †Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
- ∥Research Institute of Advanced Energy Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Joo Shin
- #SAXS Beamline, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- ‡Center for Plastic Electronics, Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Youngkyoo Kim
- †Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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1132
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Liu D, Zhao W, Zhang S, Ye L, Zheng Z, Cui Y, Chen Y, Hou J. Highly Efficient Photovoltaic Polymers Based on Benzodithiophene and Quinoxaline with Deeper HOMO Levels. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delong Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Long Ye
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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1133
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Yuan L, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Lu K, Yan W, Wei Z. Oligomeric Donor Material for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells: Breaking Down a Polymer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4229-4233. [PMID: 26058821 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yuan
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kun Lu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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1134
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Jung IH, Kim JH, Nam SY, Lee C, Hwang DH, Yoon SC. Development of New Photovoltaic Conjugated Polymers Based on Di(1-benzothieno)[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole: Benzene Ring Extension Strategy for Improving Open-Circuit Voltage. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In Hwan Jung
- Advanced
Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Nam
- Advanced
Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Advanced
Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department
of Chemistry, and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cheol Yoon
- Advanced
Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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1135
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Wong WWH, Banal JL, Geraghty PB, Hong Q, Zhang B, Holmes AB, Jones DJ. Organic Photovoltaic Materials-Design, Synthesis and Scale-Up. CHEM REC 2015; 15:1006-20. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wallace W. H. Wong
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - James L. Banal
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Paul B. Geraghty
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Quentin Hong
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Bolong Zhang
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Andrew B. Holmes
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute 30 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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1136
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Yuan J, Zou Y, Cui R, Chao YH, Wang Z, Ma M, He Y, Li Y, Rindgen A, Ma W, Xiao D, Bo Z, Xu X, Li L, Hsu CS. Incorporation of Fluorine onto Different Positions of Phenyl Substituted Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene Unit: Influence on Photovoltaic Properties. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ruili Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yi-Hsiang Chao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Zaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Mingchao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuehui He
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Amanda Rindgen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion
and Storage Materials, Beijing Normal University, College of Chemistry, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lidong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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1137
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Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhou S, Yan K, Guan Z, Tsang SW, Xu J. Enhanced Performance of Polymeric Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells via Molecular Doping with TFSA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13415-13421. [PMID: 26039377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells based on bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA, [CF3SO2]2NH) bulk doped poly[N-9''-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT):C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were fabricated to study the effect of molecular doping. By adding TFSA (0.2-0.8 wt %, TFSA to PCDTBT) in the conventional PCDTBT:PC71BM blends, we found that the hole mobility was increased with the reduced series resistance in photovoltaic devices. The p-doping effect of TFSA was confirmed by photoemission spectroscopy that the Fermi level of doped PCDTBT shifts downward to the HOMO level and it results in a larger internal electrical field at the donor/acceptor interface for more efficient charge transfer. Moreover, the doping effect was also confirmed by charge modulated electroabsorption spectroscopy (CMEAS), showing that there are additional polaron signals in the sub-bandgap region in the doped thin films. With decreased series resistance, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) was increased from 0.85 to 0.91 V and the fill factor (FF) was improved from 60.7% to 67.3%, resulting in a largely enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 5.39% to 6.46%. Our finding suggests the molecular doping by TFSA can be a facile approach to improve the electrical properties of organic materials for future development of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Xiao
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Keyou Yan
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- ‡Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- ‡Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- †Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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1138
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Wang J, Zhang J, Meng B, Zhang B, Xie Z, Wang L. Facile Preparation of Molybdenum Bronzes as an Efficient Hole Extraction Layer in Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13590-13596. [PMID: 26058481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a facile and green one-pot strategy to synthesize Mo bronzes nanoparticles to serve as an efficient hole extraction layer in polymer solar cells. Mo bronzes were obtained through reducing the fractional self-aggregated ammonium heptamolybdate with appropriate reducing agent ascorbic acid, and its optoelectronic properties were fully characterized. The synthesized Mo bronzes displayed strong n-type semiconductor characteristics with a work function of 5.2-5.4 eV, matched well with the energy levels of current donor polymers. The presented gap states of the Mo bronzes near the Fermi level were beneficial for facilitating charge extraction. The as-synthesized Mo bronzes were used as hole extraction layer in polymer solar cells and significantly enhanced the photovoltaic performance and stability. The power conversion efficiency was increased by more than 18% compared with the polyethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate-based reference cell. The excellent performance and facile preparation render the as-synthesized solution-processed Mo bronzes nanoparticles a promising candidate for hole extraction layer in low-cost and efficient polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantai Wang
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- †State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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1139
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Zhang K, Hu Z, Xu R, Jiang XF, Yip HL, Huang F, Cao Y. High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with Electrostatic Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as the Cathode Interlayer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3607-3613. [PMID: 25973585 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An easy and efficient approach to achieve a large-area cathode interlayer with controlled film composition, uniformity, and thickness under a nanometer scale is reported by using an electrostatic layer-by-layer (eLbL) self-assembly process. The eLbL films provide a new means for preparing efficient interlayers for polymer solar cells (PSCs) and also represent a potential candidate for use in high-performance large-area PSC modules in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Rongguo Xu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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1140
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Jung JW, Russell TP, Jo WH. Highly Crystalline Low Band Gap Polymer Based on Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with a >400 nm Thick Active Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13666-13674. [PMID: 26046392 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD)-based copolymers combined with 2,2'-bithiophene (BT) or (E)-2-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)thiophene (TV) have been designed and synthesized to investigate the effect of the introduction of a vinylene group in the polymer backbone on the optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the polymers. Although both polymers have shown similar optical band gaps and frontier energy levels, regardless of the introduction of vinylene bridge, the introduction of a π-extended vinylene group in the polymer backbone substantially enhances the charge transport characteristics of the resulting polymer due to its strong tendency to self-assemble and thus to enhance the crystallinity. An analysis on charge recombination in the active layer of a solar cell device indicates that the outstanding charge transport (μ = 1.90 cm(2)·V(-1)·s(-1)) of PTVTPD with a vinylene group effectively suppresses the bimolecular recombination, leading to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 7.16%, which is 20% higher than that (5.98%) of the counterpart polymer without a vinylene group (PBTTPD). More importantly, PTVTPD-based devices do not show a large variation of photovoltaic performance with the active layer thickness; that is, the PCE remains at 6% as the active layer thickness increases up to 450 nm, demonstrating that the PTVTPD-based solar cell is very compatible with industrial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Jung
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Thomas P Russell
- ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Won Ho Jo
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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1141
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Deckman I, Obuchovsky S, Moshonov M, Frey GL. Chemical Composition of Additives That Spontaneously Form Cathode Interlayers in OPVs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6721-6728. [PMID: 25996286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interlayers between the active layer and the electrodes in organic devices are known to modify the electrode work function and enhance carrier extraction/injection, consequently improving device performance. It was recently demonstrated that chemical interactions between the evaporated electrode and interlayer additive can induce additive migration toward the metal/organic interface to spontaneously form the interlayer. In this work we used P3HT:PEG blends as a research platform to investigate the driving force for additive migration to the organic/metal interface and the source of the work function modification in OPVs. For this purpose PEG derivatives with different end groups were blended with P3HT or deposited on top of P3HT layer, topped with Al or Au evaporated electrodes. The correlation between the additive chemical structure, the Voc of corresponding devices, and the metal/organic interface composition determined by XPS revealed that the driving force for additive migration toward the blend/metal interface is the chemical interaction between the additives' end group and the deposited metal atoms. Replacing the PEG additives with alkyl additives bearing the same end groups has shown that the Al work function is actually modulated by the PEG backbone. Hence, in this work we have identified and separated between structural features controlling the migration of the interlayer additive to the organic/metal interface and those responsible for the modification of the metal work function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Deckman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Stas Obuchovsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Moshe Moshonov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Gitti L Frey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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1142
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Trukhanov VA, Bruevich VV, Paraschuk DY. Fill factor in organic solar cells can exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11478. [PMID: 26095688 PMCID: PMC4476110 DOI: 10.1038/srep11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate efficiency of organic solar cells (OSC) is under active debate. The solar cell efficiency is calculated from the current-voltage characteristic as a product of the open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current (JSC), and the fill factor (FF). While the factors limiting VOC and JSC for OSC were extensively studied, the ultimate FF for OSC is scarcely explored. Using numerical drift-diffusion modeling, we have found that the FF in OSC can exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit (SQL) established for inorganic p-n junction solar cells. Comparing charge generation and recombination in organic donor-acceptor bilayer heterojunction and inorganic p-n junction, we show that such distinctive properties of OSC as interface charge generation and heterojunction facilitate high FF, but the necessary condition for FF exceeding the SQL in OSC is field-dependence of charge recombination at the donor-acceptor interface. These findings can serve as a guideline for further improvement of OSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A Trukhanov
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Bruevich
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Paraschuk
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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1143
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Fang J, Lu K, Wang Z, Ma W, Wei Z. Conjugated Polymer-Small Molecule Alloy Leads to High Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8176-83. [PMID: 26052738 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ternary organic solar cells are promising candidates for bulk heterojunction solar cells; however, improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is quite challenging because the ternary system is complicated on phase separation behavior. In this study, a ternary organic solar cell (OSC) with two donors, including one polymer (PTB7-Th), one small molecule (p-DTS(FBTTH2)2), and one acceptor (PC71BM), is fabricated. We propose the two donors in the ternary blend forms an alloy. A notable averaged PCE of 10.5% for ternary OSC is obtained due to the improvement of the fill factor (FF) and the short-circuit current density (J(sc)), and the open-circuit voltage (V(oc)) does not pin to the smaller V(oc) of the corresponding binary blends. A highly ordered face-on orientation of polymer molecules is obtained due to the formation of an alloy structure, which facilitates the enhancement of charge separation and transport and the reduction of charge recombination. This work indicates that a high crystallinity and the face-on orientation of polymers could be obtained by forming alloy with two miscible donors, thus paving a way to largely enhance the PCE of OSCs by using the ternary blend strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Zhang
- †Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- †Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jin Fang
- †Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kun Lu
- †Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zaiyu Wang
- ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- †Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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1144
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Yan H, Song Y, McKeown GR, Scholes GD, Seferos DS. Adding Amorphous Content to Highly Crystalline Polymer Nanowire Solar Cells Increases Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3484-3491. [PMID: 25940102 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer solar cells are fabricated with systematic variation of the phase purity. Photovoltaic tests demonstrate that devices with ca. 10% of mixed phases outperform pure-phase devices. Photophysical studies reveal the effects of mixed phase on charge generation and recombination. These results show a promising strategy for the optimization of organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - George R McKeown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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1145
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Zhong H, Li CZ, Carpenter J, Ade H, Jen AKY. Influence of Regio- and Chemoselectivity on the Properties of Fluoro-Substituted Thienothiophene and Benzodithiophene Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7616-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua Carpenter
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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1146
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Haruk AM, Mativetsky JM. Supramolecular Approaches to Nanoscale Morphological Control in Organic Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13381-406. [PMID: 26110382 PMCID: PMC4490500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Having recently surpassed 10% efficiency, solar cells based on organic molecules are poised to become a viable low-cost clean energy source with the added advantages of mechanical flexibility and light weight. The best-performing organic solar cells rely on a nanostructured active layer morphology consisting of a complex organization of electron donating and electron accepting molecules. Although much progress has been made in designing new donor and acceptor molecules, rational control over active layer morphology remains a central challenge. Long-term device stability is another important consideration that needs to be addressed. This review highlights supramolecular strategies for generating highly stable nanostructured organic photovoltaic active materials by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Haruk
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Mativetsky
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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1147
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Liu L, Zhang G, He B, Huang F. Polymer Solar Cells Based on the Copolymers of Naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis(1,2,5-thiadiazole) and Alkoxylphenyl Substituted Benzodithiophene with High Open-Circuit Voltages. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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1148
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Xiao L, Wang H, Gao K, Li L, Liu C, Peng X, Wong WY, Wong WK, Zhu X. A-D-A Type Small Molecules Based on Boron Dipyrromethene for Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1513-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials; Hong Kong Baptist University; Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials; Hong Kong Baptist University; Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials; Hong Kong Baptist University; Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Xunjin Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials; Hong Kong Baptist University; Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
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1149
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Schneider AM, Lu L, Manley EF, Zheng T, Sharapov V, Xu T, Marks TJ, Chen LX, Yu L. Wide bandgap OPV polymers based on pyridinonedithiophene unit with efficiency >5. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4860-4866. [PMID: 29142719 PMCID: PMC5664788 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01427a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the properties of a new series of wide band gap photovoltaic polymers based on the N-alkyl 2-pyridone dithiophene (PDT) unit.
We report the properties of a new series of wide band gap photovoltaic polymers based on the N-alkyl 2-pyridone dithiophene (PDT) unit. These polymers are effective bulk heterojunction solar cell materials when blended with phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). They achieve power conversion efficiencies (up to 5.33%) high for polymers having such large bandgaps, ca. 2.0 eV (optical) and 2.5 eV (electrochemical). Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) reveals strong correlations between π–π stacking distance and regularity, polymer backbone planarity, optical absorption maximum energy, and photovoltaic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 E 57th Street , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA .
| | - Luyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 E 57th Street , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA .
| | - Eric F Manley
- Department of Chemistry and The Argonne Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA . .,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Ave. , Lemont , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 E 57th Street , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA .
| | - Valerii Sharapov
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 E 57th Street , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA .
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 E 57th Street , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA .
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and The Argonne Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry and The Argonne Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA . .,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Ave. , Lemont , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 E 57th Street , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA .
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1150
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Lu L, Chen W, Xu T, Yu L. High-performance ternary blend polymer solar cells involving both energy transfer and hole relay processes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7327. [PMID: 26041586 PMCID: PMC4468850 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of multiple materials with complementary absorptions into a single junction device is regarded as an efficient way to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, because of increased complexity with one more component, only limited high-performance ternary systems have been demonstrated previously. Here we report an efficient ternary blend OSC with a PCE of 9.2%. We show that the third component can reduce surface trap densities in the ternary blend. Detailed studies unravel that the improved performance results from synergistic effects of enlarged open circuit voltage, suppressed trap-assisted recombination, enhanced light absorption, increased hole extraction, efficient energy transfer and better morphology. The working mechanism and high device performance demonstrate new insights and design guidelines for high-performance ternary blend solar cells and suggest that ternary structure is a promising platform to boost the efficiency of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- 1] Division of Materials Science, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA [2] Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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