1251
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Abstract
We use the term "index predictor" to denote a score that consists of K binary rules such as "age > 60" or "blood pressure > 120 mm Hg." The index predictor is the sum of these binary scores, yielding a value from 0 to K. Such indices as often used in clinical studies to stratify population risk: They are usually derived from subject area considerations. In this paper, we propose a fast data-driven procedure for automatically constructing such indices for linear, logistic, and Cox regression models. We also extend the procedure to create indices for detecting treatment-marker interactions. The methods are illustrated on a study with protein biomarkers as well as a large microarray gene expression study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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1252
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Santos J, González-Sánchez L, Villa-Morales M, Ors I, López-Nieva P, Vaquero C, González-Gugel E, Fernández-Navarro P, Roncero AM, Guenet JL, Montagutelli X, Fernández-Piqueras J. The stromal gene encoding the CD274 antigen as a genetic modifier controlling survival of mice with γ-radiation-induced T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Oncogene 2010; 29:5265-73. [PMID: 20639904 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Using an inter-specific subcongenic strain, Nested Recombinant Haplotype 3 (NRH3), generated between two mouse strains showing extreme differences in γ-radiation-induced thymic lymphoma susceptibility (SEG/Pas and C57BL/6J), we have identified a critical region on chromosome 19 that regulates survival of mice suffering from T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Mapped on this region, the gene encoding the Cd274 ligand is able to trigger an inhibitory effect that modulates T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling and affects thymocyte maturation. Interestingly, this gene shows differential expression between thymic stromal cells from both strains in early response to a single sublethal γ-ray dose, but is inhibited in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Furthermore, we have identified several polymorphisms in the complementary DNA sequence of this gene that affect the affinity for its Cd279 receptor and are able to induce a differential rate of thymocyte apoptosis. Taken together, our data are consistent with Cd274 acting as a genetic modifier that influences the survival of γ-radiation-induced T-cell lymphoma-bearing mice. The data similarly support the idea of a co-evolution of tumour cells and associated stromal cells to generate a favourable microenvironment for T-cell lymphoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Santos
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autínoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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1253
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1254
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Abstract
Expression profiling has shown 2 main and clinically distinct subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs): germinal-center B cell-like (GCB) and activated B cell-like (ABC) DLBCLs. Further work has shown that these subtypes are partially characterized by distinct genetic alterations and different survival. Here, we show with the use of an assay that measures DNA methylation levels of 50,000 CpG motifs distributed among more than 14,000 promoters that these 2 DLBCL subtypes are also characterized by distinct epigenetic profiles. DNA methylation and gene expression profiling were performed on a cohort of 69 patients with DLBCL. After assigning ABC or GCB labels with a Bayesian expression classifier trained on an independent dataset, a supervised analysis identified 311 differentially methylated probe sets (263 unique genes) between ABC and GCB DLBCLs. Integrated analysis of methylation and gene expression showed a core tumor necrosis factor-α signaling pathway as the principal differentially perturbed gene network. Sixteen genes overlapped between the core ABC/GCB methylation and expression signatures and encoded important proteins such as IKZF1. This reduced gene set was an accurate predictor of ABC and GCB subtypes. Collectively, the data suggest that epigenetic patterning contributes to the ABC and GCB DLBCL phenotypes and could serve as useful biomarker.
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1255
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Tripodo C, Gri G, Piccaluga PP, Frossi B, Guarnotta C, Piconese S, Franco G, Vetri V, Pucillo CE, Florena AM, Colombo MP, Pileri SA. Mast cells and Th17 cells contribute to the lymphoma-associated pro-inflammatory microenvironment of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:792-802. [PMID: 20595635 PMCID: PMC2913370 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reports focusing on the immunological microenvironment of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are rare. Here we studied the reciprocal contribution of regulatory (Treg) and interleukin-17-producing (Th17) T-cells to the composition of the lymphoma-associated microenvironment of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and PTCL not otherwise specified on tissue microarrays from 30 PTCLs not otherwise specified and 37 AITLs. We found that Th17 but not Treg cells were differently represented in the two lymphomas and correlated with the amount of mast cells (MCs) and granulocytes, which preferentially occurred in the cellular milieu of AITL cases. We observed that MCs directly synthesized interleukin-6 and thus contribute to the establishment of a pro-inflammatory, Th17 permissive environment in AITL. We further hypothesized that the AITL clone itself could be responsible for the preferential accumulation of MCs at sites of infiltration through the synthesis of CXCL-13 and its interaction with the CXCR3 and CXCR5 receptors expressed on MCs. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed MCs efficiently migrating in response to CXCL-13. On these bases, we conclude that MCs have a role in molding the immunological microenvironment of AITL toward the maintenance of pro-inflammatory conditions prone to Th17 generation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tripodo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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1256
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Chan WJC. Pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2010; 92:219-30. [PMID: 20582737 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-010-0602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Substantial additional insight has been obtained in the past decade regarding the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Distinct subtypes of DLBCL have been defined by gene expression profiling (GEP) and they differ not only in GE profiles but also in the pattern of genetic abnormalities. The ability to correlate corresponding genetic and GEP data markedly facilitates the identification of target genes in regions with copy number abnormalities. Oncogenic pathways are often differentially activated in these different subtypes of DLBCL, suggesting that therapy should be targeted according to these differences. The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in determining outcome and may be a novel target for therapy. The role of microRNA in lymphomagenesis is increasingly being recognized and mutation of key genes has been demonstrated to drive the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and B cell receptor signaling. The pace of discovery will be even more rapid in the near future with the convergence of data from multiple complementary genome-wide studies and technological innovations including the rapid advance in the technology of high-throughput sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing John C Chan
- Pathology and Microbiology and Center for Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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1257
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Caron C, Lestrat C, Marsal S, Escoffier E, Curtet S, Virolle V, Barbry P, Debernardi A, Brambilla C, Brambilla E, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S. Functional characterization of ATAD2 as a new cancer/testis factor and a predictor of poor prognosis in breast and lung cancers. Oncogene 2010; 29:5171-81. [PMID: 20581866 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently express genes normally active in male germ cells. ATAD2 is one of them encoding a conserved factor harbouring an AAA type ATPase domain and a bromodomain. We show here that ATAD2 is highly expressed in testis as well as in many cancers of different origins and that its high expression is a strong predictor of rapid mortality in lung and breast cancers. These observations suggest that ATAD2 acts on upstream and basic cellular processes to enhance oncogenesis in a variety of unrelated cell types. Accordingly, our functional studies show that ATAD2 controls chromatin dynamics, genome transcriptional activities and apoptotic cell response. We could also highlight some of the important intrinsic properties of its two regulatory domains, including a functional cross-talk between the AAA ATPase domain and the bromodomain. Altogether, these data indicate that ATAD2 overexpression in somatic cells, by acting on basic properties of chromatin, may contribute to malignant transformation.
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1258
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Validated prediction of clinical outcome in sarcomas and multiple types of cancer on the basis of a gene expression signature related to genome complexity. Nat Med 2010; 16:781-7. [PMID: 20581836 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogeneous and aggressive mesenchymal tumors. Histological grading has so far been the best predictor for metastasis-free survival, but it has several limitations, such as moderate reproducibility and poor prognostic value for some histological types. To improve patient grading, we performed genomic and expression profiling in a training set of 183 sarcomas and established a prognostic gene expression signature, complexity index in sarcomas (CINSARC), composed of 67 genes related to mitosis and chromosome management. In a multivariate analysis, CINSARC predicts metastasis outcome in the training set and in an independent 127 sarcomas validation set. It is superior to the Fédération Francaise des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer grading system in determining metastatic outcome for sarcoma patients. Furthermore, it also predicts outcome for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), breast carcinomas and lymphomas. Application of the signature will permit more selective use of adjuvant therapies for people with sarcomas, leading to decreased iatrogenic morbidity and improved outcomes for such individuals.
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1259
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Miselis NR, Lau BW, Wu Z, Kane AB. Kinetics of host cell recruitment during dissemination of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2010; 4:39-50. [PMID: 21505561 PMCID: PMC3047623 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-010-0048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diffuse malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor which displays a median survival of 11.2 months and a 5-year survival of less than 5% emphasizing the need for more effective treatments. This study uses an orthotopic model of malignant mesothelioma established in syngeneic, immunocompetent C57Bl/6 mice which produce malignant ascites and solid tumors that accurately replicate the histopathology of the human disease. Host stromal and immune cell accumulation within malignant ascites and solid tumors was determined using immunofluorescent labeling with confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. An expression profile of cytokines and chemokines was produced using quantitative real-time PCR arrays. Tumor spheroids and solid tumors show progressive growth and infiltration with host stromal and immune cells including macrophages, endothelial cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes, and a novel cell type, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The kinetics of host cell accumulation and inflammatory mediator expression within the tumor ascites divides tumor progression into two distinct phases. The first phase is characterized by progressive macrophage and T lymphocyte recruitment, with a cytokine profile consistent with regulatory T lymphocytes differentiation and suppression of T cell function. The second phase is characterized by decreased expression of macrophage chemotactic and T-cell regulating factors, an increase in MDSCs, and increased expression of several cytokines which stimulate differentiation of MDSCs. This cellular and expression profile suggests a mechanism by which host immune cells promote diffuse malignant mesothelioma progression. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12307-010-0048-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Miselis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Bonnie W. Lau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Zhijin Wu
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Agnes B. Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
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1260
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Murawski N, Zwick C, Pfreundschuh M. Unresolved issues in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2010; 10:387-402. [PMID: 20214520 DOI: 10.1586/era.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For more than 25 years, the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) was considered the 'gold standard' for the treatment of aggressive lymphomas, 90% of which are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). After the demonstration of rituximab's single-agent activity in DLBCL, a pivotal trial in elderly patients demonstrated that combining rituximab with eight applications of CHOP significantly improved complete remission rates, and event-free and overall survival rates compared with CHOP alone. These positive results have meanwhile been confirmed by two additional randomized trials and have been extended to young patients with good-prognosis DLBCL by a fourth trial and rituximab, in combination with CHOP, has become accepted worldwide as the new standard for all DLBCL. Remaining issues concern biology-based approaches and the guidance of therapy by PET, the definition of the optimal dosage and schedule of rituximab for DLBCL, as well as the optimal chemotherapy regimen partner for rituximab. Finally, patients failing after rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy have a dismal prognosis and the treatment of these patients has become a prime challenge in the rituximab era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Murawski
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Saarland University Medical School, D-66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany
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1261
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Buckley-James boosting for survival analysis with high-dimensional biomarker data. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2010; 9:Article24. [PMID: 20597850 DOI: 10.2202/1544-6115.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in predicting patients' survival after therapy by investigating gene expression microarray data. In the regression and classification models with high-dimensional genomic data, boosting has been successfully applied to build accurate predictive models and conduct variable selection simultaneously. We propose the Buckley-James boosting for the semiparametric accelerated failure time models with right censored survival data, which can be used to predict survival of future patients using the high-dimensional genomic data. In the spirit of adaptive LASSO, twin boosting is also incorporated to fit more sparse models. The proposed methods have a unified approach to fit linear models, non-linear effects models with possible interactions. The methods can perform variable selection and parameter estimation simultaneously. The proposed methods are evaluated by simulations and applied to a recent microarray gene expression data set for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma under the current gold standard therapy.
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1262
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Abstract
Recent genetic evidence has established a pathogenetic role for NF-kappaB signaling in cancer. NF-kappaB signaling is engaged transiently when normal B lymphocytes respond to antigens, but lymphomas derived from these cells accumulate genetic lesions that constitutively activate NF-kappaB signaling. Many genetic aberrations in lymphomas alter CARD11, MALT1, or BCL10, which constitute a signaling complex that is intermediate between the B-cell receptor and IkappaB kinase. The activated B-cell-like subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma activates NF-kappaB by a variety of mechanisms including oncogenic mutations in CARD11 and a chronic active form of B-cell receptor signaling. Normal plasma cells activate NF-kappaB in response to ligands in the bone marrow microenvironment, but their malignant counterpart, multiple myeloma, sustains a variety of genetic hits that stabilize the kinase NIK, leading to constitutive activation of the classical and alternative NF-kappaB pathways. Various oncogenic abnormalities in epithelial cancers, including mutant K-ras, engage unconventional IkappaB kinases to activate NF-kappaB. Inhibition of constitutive NF-kappaB signaling in each of these cancer types induces apoptosis, providing a rationale for the development of NF-kappaB pathway inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Staudt
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-8322, USA.
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1263
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Dunleavy K, Wilson WH. Role of Molecular Subtype in Predicting Outcome of AIDS-Related Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:e260; author reply e261-2. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.7087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kieron Dunleavy
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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1264
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Vascular endothelial growth factor-related pathways in hemato-lymphoid malignancies. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:729725. [PMID: 20508816 PMCID: PMC2875768 DOI: 10.1155/2010/729725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for malignant tumor growth. This has been documented for solid tumors, and there is an emerging evidence suggesting that tumor progression of hematolymphoid malignancies also depends on the induction of new blood vessel formation. The most important proangiogenic agent is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), activating VEGF receptors 1 and 2. The available data on angiogenesis in hemato-lymphoid malignancies, such as acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, multiple myeloma, and lymphomas, point towards the significance of autocrine and paracrine VEGF-mediated effects for proliferation and survival of leukemia/lymphoma cells in addition to tumor vascularization. Antiangiogenic strategies have become an important therapeutic modality for solid tumors. Several antiangiogenic agents targeting VEGF-related pathways are also being utilized in clinical trials for the treatment of hemato-lymphoid malignancies, and in some instances these pathways have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. This review summarizes recent advances in the basic understanding of the role of angiogenesis in hemato-lymphoid malignancies and the translation of such basic findings into clinical studies.
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1265
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Gutiérrez-García G, Colomo L, Villamor N, Arenillas L, Martínez A, Cardesa T, García-Herrera A, Setoain X, Rodríguez S, Ghita G, Abrisqueta P, Giné E, Bosch F, Campo E, Montserrat E, López-Guillermo A. Clinico-biological characterization and outcome of primary nodal and extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1225-32. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.483301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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1266
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Fischer M, Berthold F. The role of complex genomic alterations in neuroblastoma risk estimation. Genome Med 2010; 2:31. [PMID: 20497596 PMCID: PMC2887075 DOI: 10.1186/gm152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific genomic alterations, such as loss of the chromosomal region 11q or amplification of the oncogene MYCN, are well established markers of poor outcome in neuroblastoma. The advent of microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) has enabled the analysis of pangenomic alteration profiles in the cancer genome, offering the possibility of identifying new prognostic markers from complex aberration patterns. Results from recent studies examining large primary neuroblastoma cohorts by array-CGH show that global genomic profiles may add significant prognostic information. Here, we discuss potential implications for risk estimation of neuroblastoma patients in clinical practice as well as for the understanding of neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Kerpener Str, 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany.
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1267
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Ziepert M, Hasenclever D, Kuhnt E, Glass B, Schmitz N, Pfreundschuh M, Loeffler M. Standard International Prognostic Index Remains a Valid Predictor of Outcome for Patients With Aggressive CD20+B-Cell Lymphoma in the Rituximab Era. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2373-80. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe International Prognostic Index (IPI) is widely used for risk stratification of patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma. The introduction of rituximab has markedly improved outcome, and R-CHOP (rituximab + cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) has become the standard treatment for CD20+diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To investigate whether the IPI has maintained its power for risk stratification when rituximab is combined with CHOP, we analyzed the prognostic relevance of IPI in three prospective clinical trials.Patients and MethodsIn total, 1,062 patients treated with rituximab were included (MabThera International Trial [MInT], 380 patients; dose-escalated regimen of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, and prednisone (MegaCHOEP) trial, 72 patients; CHOP + rituximab for patients older than age 60 years [RICOVER-60] trial, 610 patients). A multivariate proportional hazards modeling was performed for single IPI factors under rituximab on event-free, progression-free, and overall survival.ResultsIPI score was significant for all three end points. Rituximab significantly improved treatment outcome within each IPI group resulting in a quenching of the Kaplan-Meier estimators. However, IPI was a significant prognostic factor in all three end points and the ordering of the IPI groups remained valid. The relative risk estimates of single IPI factors and their order in patients treated with R-CHOP were similar to those found with CHOP.ConclusionThe effects of rituximab were superimposed on the effects of CHOP with no interactions between chemotherapy and antibody therapy. These results demonstrate that the IPI is still valid in the R-CHOP era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Ziepert
- From the Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig; Department of Hematology, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg; and the Medizinische Klinik I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Dirk Hasenclever
- From the Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig; Department of Hematology, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg; and the Medizinische Klinik I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhnt
- From the Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig; Department of Hematology, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg; and the Medizinische Klinik I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Bertram Glass
- From the Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig; Department of Hematology, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg; and the Medizinische Klinik I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- From the Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig; Department of Hematology, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg; and the Medizinische Klinik I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Pfreundschuh
- From the Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig; Department of Hematology, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg; and the Medizinische Klinik I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- From the Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig; Department of Hematology, Asklepios Klinik St Georg, Hamburg; and the Medizinische Klinik I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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1268
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Recurrent Chromosomal Alterations in Molecularly Classified AIDS-Related Lymphomas: An Integrated Analysis of DNA Copy Number and Gene Expression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 54:18-26. [DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181d3d9eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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1269
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Prognostic impact of protein kinase C beta II expression in R-CHOP-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:686-93. [PMID: 20190733 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of targeted agents for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma includes clinical evaluation of enzastaurin, an agent that suppresses signaling through protein kinase C-beta and AKT pathways. To determine whether protein kinase C-beta expression has prognostic significance for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy, we analyzed the expression of protein kinase C-beta II, BCL-2 and cell of origin immunohistochemically from pretreatment samples of 95 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. All patients received rituximab with CHOP or CHOEP. According to Kaplan-Meier analyses, overall survival at 3 years was better among the patients with low than high protein kinase C-beta II protein levels (94 vs 76%, P=0.036). The prognostic value of protein kinase C-beta II expression on survival was seen in the patients with low and high International Prognostic Index risk groups, and in all molecular entities. Gene expression data from an independent set of 233 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with a combination of rituximab and CHOP-like chemotherapy was analyzed in comparison. Accordingly, a better 3-year overall survival was observed among the subgroup with low protein kinase C-beta II mRNA levels (84 vs 68%, P=0.005). In multivariate analysis with cell of origin, protein kinase C-beta II mRNA expression remained as an independent predictor for overall survival. Together, the data show that protein kinase C-beta II expression has prognostic significance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy.
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1270
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with CDKN2A deletion have a distinct gene expression signature and a poor prognosis under R-CHOP treatment: a GELA study. Blood 2010; 116:1092-104. [PMID: 20435884 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-10-247122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic alterations play a crucial role in the development and progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). We determined gene copy number alterations (GCNAs) of TP53, CDKN2A, CDKN1B, BCL2, MYC, REL, and RB1 with a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (quantitative multiplex PCR of short fragments [QMPSF]) in a cohort of 114 patients with DLBCL to assess their prognostic value and relationship with the gene expression profile. Losses of TP53 and CDKN2A, observed in 8% and 35% of patients, respectively, were significantly associated with a shorter survival after rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) treatment, independently of the International Prognostic Index and of the cell of origin. Analysis of the 9p21 genomic region indicated that transcripts encoding p14ARF and p16INK4A were both disrupted in most patients with CDKN2A deletion. These patients predominantly had an activated B-cell profile and showed a specific gene expression signature, characterized by dysregulation of the RB/E2F pathway, activation of cellular metabolism, and decreased immune and inflammatory responses. These features may constitute the molecular basis sustaining the unfavorable outcome and chemoresistance of this DLBCL subgroup. Detection of TP53 and CDKN2A loss by QMPSF is a powerful tool that could be used for patient stratification in future clinical trials.
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1271
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Clinical impact of bulky mass in the patient with primary extranodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP therapy. Ann Hematol 2010; 89:985-91. [PMID: 20428871 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-010-0964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies about primary extranodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were reported sporadically, the literature of clinical value of immunophenotype and bulky diameter in rituximab era is limited. Ninety-six patients with primary extranodal DLBCL receiving R-CHOP therapy were analyzed to evaluate whether immunophenotype and size of bulky disease are significantly important. The International Prognostic Index was still an important prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.003, p = 0.027). Difference of survival between germinal center (GC) type and non-GC type was not different (PFS: p = 0.192; OS: p = 0.197). In two separated groups according to extranodal maximum tumor diameter (EN-MTD) 7.5 cm as cutoff value for survival, the group of EN-MTD > or =7.5 cm had lower PFS and OS than <7.5 cm (PFS: p = 0.001; OS: p = 0.008). In four divided subgroups according to EN-MTD combined with immunophenotype, the subgroup of non-GC type with EN-MTD > or = 7.5 cm had lower PFS and OS compared with the other subgroups (PFS: p < 0.001; OS: p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed that non-GC with EN-MTD > or = 7.5 cm was an independent prognostic parameter (PFS: HR = 5.407, 95%CI = 2.378-12.294, p < 0.001; OS: HR = 4.136, 95%CI = 1.721-9.941, p = 0.002). Bulky primary extranodal DLBCL would be associated with unfavorable outcome especially in non-GC type.
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1272
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Abstract
Genomewide molecular profiling has revealed new subtypes of lymphoma that originate from lymphocytes that differ in developmental stage and that use distinct oncogenic programs, yet are indistinguishable under the microscope. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the molecular genetics of aggressive lymphomas and focus on the most common form of this disease, diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma, which accounts for 30 to 40% of newly diagnosed lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cell Differentiation
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Lenz
- Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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1273
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Hartmann EM, Rosenwald A. Gene expression signatures of adult T-cell leukemia: is treatment response prediction on the horizon? Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1157-8. [PMID: 20388057 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.481066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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1274
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Nadav-Dagan L, Shay T, Dezorella N, Naparstek E, Domany E, Katz BZ, Geiger B. Adhesive Interactions Regulate Transcriptional Diversity in Malignant B Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:482-93. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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1275
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Syk [sic] of the same old chemotherapy? Blood 2010; 115:2561-2. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-255828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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1276
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Abstract
Rapid technical advances in DNA sequencing and genome-wide association studies are driving the discovery of the germline and somatic mutations that are present in different cancers. Mutations in genes involved in cellular signaling are common, and often shared by tumors that arise in distinct anatomical locations. Here we review the most important molecular changes in different cancers from the perspective of what should be analyzed on a routine basis in the clinic. The paradigms are EGFR mutations in adenocarcinoma of the lung that can be treated with gefitinib, KRAS mutations in colon cancer with respect to treatment with EGFR antibodies, and the use of gene-expression analysis for ER-positive, node-negative breast cancer patients with respect to chemotherapy options. Several other examples in both solid and hematological cancers are also provided. We focus on how disease subtypes can influence therapy and discuss the implications of the impending molecular diagnostic revolution from the point of view of the patients, clinicians, and the diagnostic and pharmaceutical companies. This paradigm shift is occurring first in cancer patient management and is likely to promote the application of these technologies to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J R Harris
- SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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1277
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Reimann M, Lee S, Loddenkemper C, Dörr JR, Tabor V, Aichele P, Stein H, Dörken B, Jenuwein T, Schmitt CA. Tumor stroma-derived TGF-beta limits myc-driven lymphomagenesis via Suv39h1-dependent senescence. Cancer Cell 2010; 17:262-72. [PMID: 20227040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Activated RAS/BRAF oncogenes induce cellular senescence as a tumor-suppressive barrier in early cancer development, at least in part, via an oncogene-evoked DNA damage response (DDR). In contrast, Myc activation-although producing a DDR as well-is known to primarily elicit an apoptotic countermeasure. Using the Emu-myc transgenic mouse lymphoma model, we show here in vivo that apoptotic lymphoma cells activate macrophages to secrete transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) as a critical non-cell-autonomous inducer of cellular senescence. Accordingly, neutralization of TGF-beta action, like genetic inactivation of the senescence-related histone methyltransferase Suv39h1, significantly accelerates Myc-driven tumor development via cancellation of cellular senescence. These findings, recapitulated in human aggressive B cell lymphomas, demonstrate that tumor-prompted stroma-derived signals may limit tumorigenesis by feedback senescence induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Reimann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin/Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum der Charité - MKFZ, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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1278
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Tzeng TC, Chyou S, Tian S, Webster B, Carpenter AC, Guaiquil VH, Lu TT. CD11c(hi) dendritic cells regulate the re-establishment of vascular quiescence and stabilization after immune stimulation of lymph nodes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:4247-57. [PMID: 20231692 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node expansion during immune responses is accompanied by rapid vascular expansion. The re-establishment of quiescence and stabilization of the newly expanded vasculature and the regulatory mechanisms involved have not been well studied. We show that although initiation of vascular expansion in immune-stimulated nodes is associated with upregulated endothelial cell proliferation, increased high endothelial venule trafficking efficiency and VCAM-1 expression, and disrupted perivascular fibroblastic reticular cell organization, the re-establishment of vascular quiescence and stabilization postexpansion is characterized by reversal of these phenomena. Although CD11c(med) cells are associated with the initiation of vascular expansion, CD11c(hi)MHC class II (MHC II)(med) dendritic cells (DCs) accumulate later, and their short-term depletion in mice abrogates the re-establishment of vascular quiescence and stabilization. CD11c(hi)MHC II(med) cells promote endothelial cell quiescence in vitro and, in vivo, mediate quiescence at least in part by mediating reduced lymph node vascular endothelial growth factor. Disrupted vascular quiescence and stabilization in expanded nodes is associated with attenuated T cell-dependent B cell responses. These results describe a novel mechanism whereby CD11c(hi)MHC II(med) DCs regulate the re-establishment of vascular quiescence and stabilization after lymph node vascular expansion and suggest that these DCs function in part to orchestrate the microenvironmental alterations required for successful immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chen Tzeng
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 1002, USA
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1279
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Steidl C, Lee T, Shah SP, Farinha P, Han G, Nayar T, Delaney A, Jones SJ, Iqbal J, Weisenburger DD, Bast MA, Rosenwald A, Muller-Hermelink HK, Rimsza LM, Campo E, Delabie J, Braziel RM, Cook JR, Tubbs RR, Jaffe ES, Lenz G, Connors JM, Staudt LM, Chan WC, Gascoyne RD. Tumor-associated macrophages and survival in classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:875-85. [PMID: 20220182 PMCID: PMC2897174 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0905680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 969] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in treatments for Hodgkin's lymphoma, about 20% of patients still die from progressive disease. Current prognostic models predict the outcome of treatment with imperfect accuracy, and clinically relevant biomarkers have not been established to improve on the International Prognostic Score. METHODS Using gene-expression profiling, we analyzed 130 frozen samples obtained from patients with classic Hodgkin's lymphoma during diagnostic lymph-node biopsy to determine which cellular signatures were correlated with treatment outcome. We confirmed our findings in an independent cohort of 166 patients, using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Gene-expression profiling identified a gene signature of tumor-associated macrophages that was significantly associated with primary treatment failure (P=0.02). In an independent cohort of patients, we found that an increased number of CD68+ macrophages was correlated with a shortened progression-free survival (P=0.03) and with an increased likelihood of relapse after autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (P=0.008), resulting in shortened disease-specific survival (P=0.003). In multivariate analysis, this adverse prognostic factor outperformed the International Prognostic Score for disease-specific survival (P=0.003 vs. P=0.03). The absence of an elevated number of CD68+ cells in patients with limited-stage disease defined a subgroup of patients with a long-term disease-specific survival of 100% with the use of current treatment strategies. CONCLUSIONS An increased number of tumor-associated macrophages was strongly associated with shortened survival in patients with classic Hodgkin's lymphoma and provides a new biomarker for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steidl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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1280
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Kyllönen H, Pasanen AK, Kuittinen O, Haapasaari KM, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T. Lack of prognostic value of MMP-9 expression and immunohistochemically defined germinal center phenotype in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with modern chemotherapy with or without CD20 antibody. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 50:1301-7. [PMID: 19811332 DOI: 10.1080/10428190903003244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphomas, with no accepted biological prognostic markers in routine clinical practice. Previously, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)- 1 and non-germinal center (GC) phenotype have been shown to associate with poor prognosis in DLBCL patients. The aim of this study was to find out whether tissue expression of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) or their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) or immunohistochemically defined GC phenotype could act as prognostic markers in patients treated with modern treatments. Additionally, correlations between these proteins and GC phenotype were investigated. GC phenotype and tissue expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 114 DLBCL patients. In this study, in patients treated with modern lymphoma treatments (5-year cause-specific survival 69.8%) MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 expression or GC phenotype did not correlate with survival. International Prognostic Index (IPI) and stage were the only factors, which retained their prognostic significance in this patient material. Gelatinases or TIMPs did not correlate with GC phenotype, either. Prognostic markers are dependent on the lymphoma treatments used. In DLBCL patients treated with modern chemotherapy with or without rituximab, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and GC phenotype seem to have lost their prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Kyllönen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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1281
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Rinaldi A, Capello D, Scandurra M, Greiner TC, Chan WC, Bhagat G, Rossi D, Morra E, Paulli M, Rambaldi A, Rancoita PMV, Inghirami G, Ponzoni M, Moreno SM, Piris MA, Mian M, Chigrinova E, Zucca E, Favera RD, Gaidano G, Kwee I, Bertoni F. Single nucleotide polymorphism-arrays provide new insights in the pathogenesis of post-transplant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2010; 149:569-77. [PMID: 20230398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are complications of solid organ transplantation associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most common form of monomorphic PTLD. We studied 44 cases of post-transplant DLBCL (PT-DLBCL) with high-density genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism-based arrays, and compared them with 105 cases of immunocompetent DLBCL (IC-DLBCL) and 28 cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated DLBCL (HIV-DLBCL). PT-DLBCL showed a genomic profile with specific features, although their genomic complexity was overall similar to that observed in IC- and HIV-DLBCL. Among the loci more frequently deleted in PT-DLBCL there were small interstitial deletions targeting known fragile sites, such as FRA1B, FRA2E and FRA3B. Deletions at 2p16.1 (FRA2E) were the most common lesions in PT-DLBCL, occurring at a frequency that was significantly higher than in IC-DLBCL. Genetic lesions that characterized post-germinal center IC-DLBCL were under-represented in our series of PT-DLBCL. Two other differences between IC-DLBCL and PT-DLBCL were the lack of del(13q14.3) (MIR15/MIR16) and of copy neutral LOH affecting 6p [major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus] in the latter group. In conclusion, PT-DLBCL presented unique features when compared with IC-DLBCL. Changes in PT-DLBCL were partially different to those in HIV-DLBCL, suggesting different pathogenetic mechanisms in the two conditions linked to immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Lymphoma Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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1282
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Hasselblom S, Hansson U, Olsson M, Torén L, Bergström A, Nilsson-Ehle H, Andersson PO. High immunohistochemical expression of p-AKT predicts inferior survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with immunochemotherapy. Br J Haematol 2010; 149:560-8. [PMID: 20201946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and rituximab (R) is current standard therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but a substantial proportion of patients still fail to reach sustained remission. In vitro studies have indicated that rituximab resistance could be accompanied by dysregulated apoptotic pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway, which can be constitutively activated in DLBCL. In this retrospective, immunohistochemical study on 106 patients treated with R-CHO(E)P (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, rituximab [+etoposide]), we investigated the prognostic role of proteins involved in different apoptotic pathways; phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), bcl-2, MCL1, bcl-xL, Bax and Bak. High p-AKT expression (>108 cells/mm2, highest quartile, n=27) predicted worse progression-free (PFS) (P=0.02) and overall (OS) (P=0.01) survival, independent of International Prognostic Index and sex. Also bcl-2+ (cut-off 50%) predicted worse PFS (P=0.005) and OS (P=0.05) but after adjustment for clinical factors only the influence on PFS (P=0.03) remained significant. The prognostic impact of p-AKT overexpression was independent of bcl-2 status. MCL1, bcl-xL, Bax and Bak expression did not add any prognostic information. Our results suggest that high p-AKT expression predicts worse outcome, possibly indicating that inhibition of the activated PI3K/AKT pathway could be of clinical interest in DLBCL patients. In addition, bcl-2 status could have prognostic importance also in the era of immunochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sverker Hasselblom
- Section of Haematology and Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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1283
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Simpson-Haidaris PJ, Pollock SJ, Ramon S, Guo N, Woeller CF, Feldon SE, Phipps RP. Anticancer Role of PPARgamma Agonists in Hematological Malignancies Found in the Vasculature, Marrow, and Eyes. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:814609. [PMID: 20204067 PMCID: PMC2829627 DOI: 10.1155/2010/814609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of targeted cancer therapies in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation treatment has increased overall survival of cancer patients. However, longer survival is accompanied by increased incidence of comorbidities due, in part, to drug side effects and toxicities. It is well accepted that inflammation and tumorigenesis are linked. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists are potent mediators of anti-inflammatory responses, it was a logical extension to examine the role of PPARgamma agonists in the treatment and prevention of cancer. This paper has two objectives: first to highlight the potential uses for PPARgamma agonists in anticancer therapy with special emphasis on their role when used as adjuvant or combined therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies found in the vasculature, marrow, and eyes, and second, to review the potential role PPARgamma and/or its ligands may have in modulating cancer-associated angiogenesis and tumor-stromal microenvironment crosstalk in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Simpson-Haidaris
- Department of Medicine/Hem-Onc Division, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - S. J. Pollock
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - S. Ramon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - N. Guo
- Department of Opthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - C. F. Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - S. E. Feldon
- Department of Opthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - R. P. Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Opthalmology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- The Lung Biology and Disease Program, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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1284
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Huang X, Bai X, Cao Y, Wu J, Huang M, Tang D, Tao S, Zhu T, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Wu M, Wei J, Wang D, Xu G, Wang S, Ma D, Zhou J. Lymphoma endothelium preferentially expresses Tim-3 and facilitates the progression of lymphoma by mediating immune evasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:505-20. [PMID: 20176801 PMCID: PMC2839144 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is increasingly recognized as an important prognosticator associated with the progression of lymphoma and as an attractive target for novel modalities. We report a previously unrecognized mechanism by which lymphoma endothelium facilitates the growth and dissemination of lymphoma by interacting with circulated T cells and suppresses the activation of CD4+ T cells. Global gene expression profiles of microdissected endothelium from lymphoma and reactive lymph nodes revealed that T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) was preferentially expressed in lymphoma-derived endothelial cells (ECs). Clinically, the level of Tim-3 in B cell lymphoma endothelium was closely correlated to both dissemination and poor prognosis. In vitro, Tim-3+ ECs modulated T cell response to lymphoma surrogate antigens by suppressing activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes through the activation of the interleukin-6–STAT3 pathway, inhibiting Th1 polarization, and providing protective immunity. In a lymphoma mouse model, Tim-3–expressing ECs promoted the onset, growth, and dissemination of lymphoma by inhibiting activation of CD4+ T cells and Th1 polarization. Our findings strongly argue that the lymphoma endothelium is not only a vessel system but also a functional barrier facilitating the establishment of lymphoma immune tolerance. These findings highlight a novel molecular mechanism that is a potential target for enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy and controlling metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Huang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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1285
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Davis RE, Ngo VN, Lenz G, Tolar P, Young RM, Romesser PB, Kohlhammer H, Lamy L, Zhao H, Yang Y, Xu W, Shaffer AL, Wright G, Xiao W, Powell J, Jiang JK, Thomas CJ, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM, Johnson NA, Rimsza LM, Campo E, Jaffe ES, Wilson WH, Delabie J, Smeland EB, Fisher RI, Braziel RM, Tubbs RR, Cook JR, Weisenburger DD, Chan WC, Pierce SK, Staudt LM. Chronic active B-cell-receptor signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature 2010; 463:88-92. [PMID: 20054396 DOI: 10.1038/nature08638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1227] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A role for B-cell-receptor (BCR) signalling in lymphomagenesis has been inferred by studying immunoglobulin genes in human lymphomas and by engineering mouse models, but genetic and functional evidence for its oncogenic role in human lymphomas is needed. Here we describe a form of 'chronic active' BCR signalling that is required for cell survival in the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The signalling adaptor CARD11 is required for constitutive NF-kappaB pathway activity and survival in ABC DLBCL. Roughly 10% of ABC DLBCLs have mutant CARD11 isoforms that activate NF-kappaB, but the mechanism that engages wild-type CARD11 in other ABC DLBCLs was unknown. An RNA interference genetic screen revealed that a BCR signalling component, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is essential for the survival of ABC DLBCLs with wild-type CARD11. In addition, knockdown of proximal BCR subunits (IgM, Ig-kappa, CD79A and CD79B) killed ABC DLBCLs with wild-type CARD11 but not other lymphomas. The BCRs in these ABC DLBCLs formed prominent clusters in the plasma membrane with low diffusion, similarly to BCRs in antigen-stimulated normal B cells. Somatic mutations affecting the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signalling modules of CD79B and CD79A were detected frequently in ABC DLBCL biopsy samples but rarely in other DLBCLs and never in Burkitt's lymphoma or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. In 18% of ABC DLBCLs, one functionally critical residue of CD79B, the first ITAM tyrosine, was mutated. These mutations increased surface BCR expression and attenuated Lyn kinase, a feedback inhibitor of BCR signalling. These findings establish chronic active BCR signalling as a new pathogenetic mechanism in ABC DLBCL, suggesting several therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Eric Davis
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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1286
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The role of tumor histogenesis, FDG-PET, and short-course EPOCH with dose-dense rituximab (SC-EPOCH-RR) in HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2010; 115:3017-24. [PMID: 20130244 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-11-253039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a phase 2 study to assess the role of tumor histogenesis (subtype), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and short-course etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin with dose-dense rituximab (SC-EPOCH-RR) in newly diagnosed HIV-associated CD20(+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patients received a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 6 cycles with 1 cycle beyond stable radiographic and FDG-PET scans. Overall, 79% of patients received 3 cycles. Combination antiretroviral therapy was suspended before and resumed after therapy. Thirty-three enrolled patients had a median age of 42 years (range, 9-61 years), and 76% had a high-intermediate or high age-adjusted international prognostic index. At 5 years median follow-up, progression-free and overall survival were 84% and 68%, respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths or new opportunistic infections during treatment, and patients had sustained CD4 cell count recovery and HIV viral control after treatment. FDG-PET after 2 cycles had an excellent negative but poor positive predictive value. Tumor histogenesis was the only characteristic associated with lymphoma-specific outcome with 95% of germinal center B-cell (GCB) versus 44% of non-GCB diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) progression-free at 5 years. SC-EPOCH-RR is highly effective and less immunosuppressive with shorter duration therapy compared with standard strategies. However, new therapeutic advances are needed for non-GCB DLBCL, which remains the important cause of lymphoma-specific death. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT000019253.
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1287
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Morin RD, Johnson NA, Severson TM, Mungall AJ, An J, Goya R, Paul JE, Boyle M, Woolcock BW, Kuchenbauer F, Yap D, Humphries RK, Griffith OL, Shah S, Zhu H, Kimbara M, Shashkin P, Charlot JF, Tcherpakov M, Corbett R, Tam A, Varhol R, Smailus D, Moksa M, Zhao Y, Delaney A, Qian H, Birol I, Schein J, Moore R, Holt R, Horsman DE, Connors JM, Jones S, Aparicio S, Hirst M, Gascoyne RD, Marra MA. Somatic mutations altering EZH2 (Tyr641) in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of germinal-center origin. Nat Genet 2010; 42:181-5. [PMID: 20081860 PMCID: PMC2850970 DOI: 10.1038/ng.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1283] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) and the GCB subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) derive from germinal center B cells. Targeted resequencing studies have revealed mutations in various genes encoding proteins in the NF-kappaB pathway that contribute to the activated B-cell (ABC) DLBCL subtype, but thus far few GCB-specific mutations have been identified. Here we report recurrent somatic mutations affecting the polycomb-group oncogene EZH2, which encodes a histone methyltransferase responsible for trimethylating Lys27 of histone H3 (H3K27). After the recent discovery of mutations in KDM6A (UTX), which encodes the histone H3K27me3 demethylase UTX, in several cancer types, EZH2 is the second histone methyltransferase gene found to be mutated in cancer. These mutations, which result in the replacement of a single tyrosine in the SET domain of the EZH2 protein (Tyr641), occur in 21.7% of GCB DLBCLs and 7.2% of FLs and are absent from ABC DLBCLs. Our data are consistent with the notion that EZH2 proteins with mutant Tyr641 have reduced enzymatic activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Morin
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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1288
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Bernd HW, Ziepert M, Thorns C, Klapper W, Wacker HH, Hummel M, Stein H, Hansmann ML, Ott G, Rosenwald A, Müller-Hermelink HK, Barth TFE, Möller P, Cogliatti SB, Pfreundschuh M, Schmitz N, Trümper L, Höller S, Löffler M, Feller AC. Loss of HLA-DR expression and immunoblastic morphology predict adverse outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - analyses of cases from two prospective randomized clinical trials. Haematologica 2010; 94:1569-80. [PMID: 19880780 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.008862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on prognostically relevant immunohistochemical markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas has mostly been performed on retrospectively collected clinical data. This is also true for immunohistochemical classifiers that are thought to reflect the cell-of-origin subclassification of gene expression studies. In order to obtain deeper insight into the heterogeneous prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and to validate a previously published immunohistochemical classifier, we analyzed data from a large set of cases from prospective clinical trials with long-term follow-up. DESIGN AND METHODS We performed morphological and extensive immunohistochemical analyses in 414 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from two prospective randomized clinical trials (NHL-B1/B2, Germany). Classification into germinal center and non-germinal center subtypes of B-cell lymphoma was based on the expression pattern of CD10, BCL6, and IRF4. Multivariate analyses were performed adjusting for the factors in the International Prognostic Index. RESULTS Analyzing 20 different epitopes on tissue microarrays, expression of HLA-DR, presence of CD23(+) follicular dendritic cell meshworks, and monotypic light chain expression emerged as International Prognostic Index-independent markers of superior overall survival. Immunoblastic morphology was found to be related to poor event-free survival. The non-germinal center subtype, according to the three-epitope classifier (CD10, BCL6, and IRF4) did not have prognostic relevance when adjusted for International Prognostic Index factors (relative risk=1.2, p=0.328 for overall survival; and relative risk=1.1, p=0.644 for event-free survival). CONCLUSIONS The previously reported International Prognostic Index-independent prognostic value of stratification into germinal center/non-germinal center B-cell lymphoma using the expression pattern of CD10, BCL6, and IRF4 was not reproducible in our series. However, other markers and the morphological subtype appear to be of prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Wolfram Bernd
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160 D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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1289
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Evens AM, Sehn LH, Farinha P, Nelson BP, Raji A, Lu Y, Brakman A, Parimi V, Winter JN, Schumacker PT, Gascoyne RD, Gordon LI. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 {alpha} expression predicts superior survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:1017-24. [PMID: 20048181 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.24.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) controls the expression of genes in response to hypoxia, as well as a wide range of other cellular processes. We previously showed constitutive stabilization of HIF-1alpha in the majority of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To our knowledge, the prognostic significance of HIF in lymphoma has never been investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied the immunohistochemical protein expression of HIF-1alpha on tissue microarrays from 153 patients with DLBCL treated in sequential cohorts with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oncovin, and prednisone (CHOP) or rituximab-CHOP (R-CHOP) from 1999 to 2002. Results were correlated with patient outcome. Results Median follow-up for all patients was 80 months. Among all patients, HIF-1alpha was expressed in 62% of germinal center and 59% of non-germinal center patients. With HIF-1alpha analyzed as a dependent variable, there were no survival differences in CHOP-treated patients. In the R-CHOP group, however, HIF-1alpha protein expression correlated with significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Five-year PFS for HIF-1alpha-positive patients was 71% v 43% for HIF-1alpha-negative patients (P = .0187), whereas 5-year OS was 75% and 54%, respectively (P = .025). In multivariate analysis with International Prognostic Index criteria, HIF-1alpha remained a significant predictor for PFS (P = .026) and OS (P = .043). Compared with other biomarkers, HIF-1alpha correlated only with BCL6 (P = .004). In terms of gene expression, we found several common gene associations of HIF-1alpha and the stromal-1 signature with genes predominantly involved in regulation of the extracellular matrix (eg, BGN, COL1A2, COL5A1, and PLOD2). CONCLUSION The expression of HIF-1alpha protein is an important independent favorable prognostic factor for survival in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Evens
- DO, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 676 N St Clair St, Suite 850, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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1290
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Dave SS. Host factors for risk and survival in lymphoma. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2010; 2010:255-258. [PMID: 21239802 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
All cancers arise from complex interactions between aspects of the patient (host) biology and the environment. Once tumors arise, they frequently remain dependent on interactions with their microenvironment for their growth and proliferation. In this review, we examine the contributions of the host genetics and environmental exposures to the development of lymphoma. We will further examine the interactions of the tumor and the microenvironment that influence tumor growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S Dave
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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1291
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Deng X, Campagne F. Introduction to the development and validation of predictive biomarker models from high-throughput data sets. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 620:435-470. [PMID: 20652515 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-580-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput technologies can routinely assay biological or clinical samples and produce wide data sets where each sample is associated with tens of thousands of measurements. Such data sets can be mined to discover biomarkers and develop statistical models capable of predicting an endpoint of interest from data measured in the samples. The field of biomarker model development combines methods from statistics and machine learning to develop and evaluate predictive biomarker models. In this chapter, we discuss the computational steps involved in the development of biomarker models designed to predict information about individual samples and review approaches often used to implement each step. A practical example of biomarker model development in a large gene expression data set is presented. This example leverages BDVal, a suite of biomarker model development programs developed as an open-source project (see http://bdval.org /).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Deng
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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1292
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Rituximab plus concurrent infusional EPOCH chemotherapy is highly effective in HIV-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2009; 115:3008-16. [PMID: 20023215 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-08-231613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rituximab plus intravenous bolus chemotherapy is a standard treatment for immunocompetent patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Some studies have suggested that rituximab is associated with excessive toxicity in HIV-associated NHL, and that infusional chemotherapy may be more effective. We performed a randomized phase 2 trial of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)) given either concurrently before each infusional etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (EPOCH) chemotherapy cycle or sequentially (weekly for 6 weeks) after completion of all chemotherapy in HIV-associated NHL. EPOCH consisted of a 96-hour intravenous infusion of etoposide, doxorubicin, and vincristine plus oral prednisone followed by intravenous bolus cyclophosphamide given every 21 days for 4 to 6 cycles. In the concurrent arm, 35 of 48 evaluable patients (73%; 95% confidence interval, 58%-85%) had a complete response. In the sequential arm, 29 of 53 evaluable patients (55%; 95% confidence interval, 41%-68%) had a complete response. The primary efficacy endpoint was met for the concurrent arm only. Toxicity was comparable in the 2 arms, although patients with a baseline CD4 count less than 50/microL had a high infectious death rate in the concurrent arm. We conclude that concurrent rituximab plus infusional EPOCH is an effective regimen for HIV-associated lymphoma.
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1293
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Hartmann S, Hansmann ML. [Grayzone lymphoma. Clinical relevance]. DER PATHOLOGE 2009; 31:42-9. [PMID: 20013122 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-009-1242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Malignant lymphomas are classified into different entities according to their morphology, immunohistochemical parameters and clinical behavior. Several important pathogenetic events can be assigned to certain lymphoma entity types. Nevertheless, some cases present overlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics and a clear-cut diagnosis cannot be made. This is particularly the case with aggressive lymphomas for which a clear distinction cannot be made between the entities of diffuse large cell lymphoma/Burkitt lymphoma or primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma/classic Hodgkin's lymphoma. In order to redress this situation, two new gray zone entities were introduced in the WHO 2008 classification. Until further knowledge regarding the therapy, behavior and prognosis of these gray zone lymphomas has been gained, they should continue to be considered as distinct entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hartmann
- Senckenbergisches Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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MYCN/c-MYC-induced microRNAs repress coding gene networks associated with poor outcome in MYCN/c-MYC-activated tumors. Oncogene 2009; 29:1394-404. [PMID: 19946337 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increased activity of MYC protein-family members is a common feature in many cancers. Using neuroblastoma as a tumor model, we established a microRNA (miRNA) signature for activated MYCN/c-MYC signaling in two independent primary neuroblastoma tumor cohorts and provide evidence that c-MYC and MYCN have overlapping functions. On the basis of an integrated approach including miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression data we show that miRNA activation contributes to widespread mRNA repression, both in c-MYC- and MYCN-activated tumors. c-MYC/MYCN-induced miRNA activation was shown to be dependent on c-MYC/MYCN promoter binding as evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Finally, we show that pathways, repressed through c-MYC/MYCN miRNA activation, are highly correlated to tumor aggressiveness and are conserved across different tumor entities suggesting that c-MYC/MYCN activate a core set of miRNAs for cooperative repression of common transcriptional programs related to disease aggressiveness. Our results uncover a widespread correlation between miRNA activation and c-MYC/MYCN-mediated coding gene expression modulation and further substantiate the overlapping functions of c-MYC and MYCN in the process of tumorigenesis.
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1295
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Copie-Bergman C, Gaulard P, Leroy K, Briere J, Baia M, Jais JP, Salles GA, Berger F, Haioun C, Tilly H, Emile JF, Banham AH, Mounier N, Gisselbrecht C, Feugier P, Coiffier B, Molina TJ. Immuno–Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Index Predicts Survival in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With R-CHOP: A GELA Study. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:5573-9. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.22.7058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of cell of origin immunohistochemical markers and BCL2, BCL6, and c-MYC translocations in a homogeneous cohort of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Patients and Methods Patients with CD20+ DLBCL were enrolled in the randomized LNH98-5 and 01-5B Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte trials. Paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 119 patients treated with R-CHOP were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CD10, BCL6, MUM1/IRF4, LMO2, and forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) expression and for BCL2, BCL6, and c-MYC breakpoints by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on tissue microarray. Results LMO2 expression and BCL2 breakpoint were associated with the germinal center (GC) subtype defined by Hans' algorithm, respectively (P < .0001; P = .0002) whereas FOXP1 expression and BCL6 breakpoint were associated with the non-germinal center (non-GC) subtype (P = .008 and P = .0001, respectively). The immunohistochemical markers analyzed independently, GC/non-GC phenotype and BCL2 breakpoint did not predict overall survival (OS). BCL6 breakpoint was significantly associated with an unfavorable impact on OS (P = .04). Interestingly, an immunoFISH index, defined by positivity for at least two of three non-GC markers (FOXP1, MUM1/IRF4, BCL6 breakpoint) was significantly associated with a shorter 5-year OS rate (44%; 95% CI, 28 to 60 v 78%; 95% CI, 59 to 89; P = .01) which was independent (P = .04) of the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (P = .04) in multivariate analysis. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that combining immunohistochemistry with FISH allows construction of an immunoFISH index that significantly predicts survival in elderly DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Copie-Bergman
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Karen Leroy
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Josette Briere
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Maryse Baia
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Jean-Philippe Jais
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Gilles A. Salles
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Françoise Berger
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Corinne Haioun
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Herve Tilly
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Jean-François Emile
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Alison H. Banham
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Nicolas Mounier
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Christian Gisselbrecht
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Pierre Feugier
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Bertrand Coiffier
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
| | - Thierry J. Molina
- From the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier; L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale; Université Paris 12, Faculté de médecine, Créteil; Université Paris Diderot and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker; Université Paris Descartes; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu,
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Holte H, Kvaløy S, Delabie J, Trøen G, Smeland EB. [Molecular diagnosis of malignant lymphomas]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2009; 129:2352-6. [PMID: 19935935 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant lymphomas comprise a heterogeneous group of non-solid tumors originating in lymphocytes at different maturation stages. The diagnosis is based on a traditional histopathological diagnostic procedure supplemented with immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular genetic analyses and clinical information. This article describes experimental molecular diagnostics, mainly based on microarray-based gene expression technology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Results achieved through an international multicentre project (headed by the National Cancer Institute in the USA), in which the Norwegian Radium Hospital has taken part as the only Nordic institution, are summarized. The findings are discussed in light of other relevant studies identified through a non-systematic search in PubMed. RESULTS New clinically relevant subgroups of malignant B-cell lymphomas have been characterized. Retrospective survival analyses have shown correlations between gene expression profiles and patient outcome and have provided important biological knowledge, which has led to new targeted treatments (currently being tested in clinical studies). INTERPRETATION As a supplement to today's diagnostics, molecular diagnostics yields an improved diagnostic precision and opens up for new treatment possibilities for patients with malignant lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Holte
- Kreftklinikken, Oslo universitetssykehus, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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1297
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Molecular signatures to improve diagnosis in peripheral T-cell lymphoma and prognostication in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2009; 115:1026-36. [PMID: 19965671 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-227579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is often challenging to diagnose and classify. Gene expression profiling was performed on 144 cases of PTCL and natural killer cell lymphoma and robust molecular classifiers were constructed for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK(+)) anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. PTCL-unclassifiable was molecularly heterogeneous, but we were able to identify a molecular subgroup with features of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and a poor survival compared with the remaining PTCL-not otherwise specified cases. Many of the pathologic features and substantial components of the molecular signature of AITL are contributed by the follicular dendritic cells, B-cell, and other stromal components. The expression of Th17-associated molecules in ALK(+) ALCL was noted and may represent aberrant activation of Th17-cell differentiation by abnormal cytokine secretion. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma has a homogeneous molecular signature demonstrating high expression of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-induced genes. These classifiers reflect the biology of the tumor cells as well as their microenvironment. We also constructed a molecular prognosticator for AITL that appears to be largely related to the microenvironmental signature, and the high expression of 2 immunosuppressive signatures are associated with poor outcome. Oncogenic pathways and tumor-host interactions also were identified, and these findings may lead to better therapies and outcome in the future.
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1298
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Essential role of MALT1 protease activity in activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19946-51. [PMID: 19897720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907511106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A key element for the development of suitable anti-cancer drugs is the identification of cancer-specific enzymatic activities that can be therapeutically targeted. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue transformation protein 1 (MALT1) is a proto-oncogene that contributes to tumorigenesis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype, the least curable subtype of DLBCL. Recent data suggest that MALT1 has proteolytic activity, but it is unknown whether this activity is relevant for tumor growth. Here we report that MALT1 is constitutively active in DLBCL lines of the ABC but not the GCB subtype. Inhibition of the MALT1 proteolytic activity led to reduced expression of growth factors and apoptosis inhibitors, and specifically affected the growth and survival of ABC DLBCL lines. These results demonstrate a key role for the proteolytic activity of MALT1 in DLBCL of the ABC subtype, and provide a rationale for the development of pharmacological inhibitors of MALT1 in DLBCL therapy.
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1299
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Sng I. Malignant Lymphoma – A Changing Spectrum. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2009. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n10p837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Sng
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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1300
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Capello D, Scandurra M, Poretti G, Rancoita PMV, Mian M, Gloghini A, Deambrogi C, Martini M, Rossi D, Greiner TC, Chan WC, Ponzoni M, Moreno SM, Piris MA, Canzonieri V, Spina M, Tirelli U, Inghirami G, Rinaldi A, Zucca E, Favera RD, Cavalli F, Larocca LM, Kwee I, Carbone A, Gaidano G, Bertoni F. Genome wide DNA-profiling of HIV-related B-cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2009; 148:245-55. [PMID: 19832807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) represent a frequent complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To elucidate HIV-NHL pathogenesis, we performed a genome-wide DNA profiling based on a single nucleotide polymorphism-based microarray comparative genomic hybridization in 57 HIV-lymphomas and, for comparison, in 105 immunocompetent diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (IC-DLBCL). Genomic complexity varied across HIV-NHL subtypes. HIV-Burkitt lymphoma showed a significantly lower number of lesions than HIV-DLBCL (P = 0.032), whereas the median number of copy number changes was significantly higher in Epstein-Barr virus negative (EBV-) HIV-DLBCL (42.5, range 8-153) compared to EBV+ cases (22; range 3-41; P = 0.029). Compared to IC-DLBCL, HIV-DLBCL displayed a distinct genomic profile with no gains of 18q and specific genetic lesions. Fragile sites-associated genes, including FHIT (FRA3B), WWOX (FRA16D), DCC (FRA18B) and PARK2 (FRA6E) were frequently inactivated in HIV-NHL by interstitial deletions, and a significantly higher prevalence of FHIT alterations was observed in HIV-DLBCL compared to IC-DLBCL. The same genes involved by fragile site deletions were also frequently affected by aberrant methylation of regulative regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Capello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine & BRMA, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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