101
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Cagliero C, Galli S, Galli M, Elmi I, Belluce M, Zampolli S, Sgorbini B, Rubiolo P, Bicchi C. Conventional and enantioselective gas chromatography with microfabricated planar columns for analysis of real-world samples of plant volatile fraction. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:329-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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102
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Ragonese C, Sciarrone D, Grasso E, Dugo P, Mondello L. Enhanced resolution of Mentha piperita
volatile fraction using a novel medium-polarity ionic liquid gas chromatography stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:537-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ragonese
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Elisa Grasso
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; viale Annunziata; 98168 - Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata; viale Annunziata; 98168 - Messina Italy
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103
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Raffo A, Carcea M, Castagna C, Magrì A. Improvement of a headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the analysis of wheat bread volatile compounds. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:266-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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104
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D’Agostino M, Sanz J, Sanz M, Giuffrè A, Sicari V, Soria A. Optimization of a Solid-Phase Microextraction method for the Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) fruit volatiles. Food Chem 2015; 178:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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105
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Rodríguez-Sánchez S, Ruiz-Matute A, Sanz M, Soria A. Characterization of trimethylsilyl ethers of iminosugars by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1372C:221-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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106
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Wilson MB, Barnes BB, Boswell PG. What experimental factors influence the accuracy of retention projections in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry? J Chromatogr A 2014; 1373:179-89. [PMID: 25482038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Programmed-temperature gas chromatographic (GC) retention information is difficult to share because it depends on so many experimental factors that vary among laboratories. Though linear retention indexing cannot properly account for experimental differences, retention times can be accurately calculated, or "projected", from shared isothermal retention vs. temperature (T) relationships, but only if the temperature program and hold-up time vs. T profile produced by a GC is known with great precision. The effort required to measure these profiles were previously impractical, but we recently showed that they can be easily back-calculated from the programmed-temperature retention times of a set of 25 n-alkanes using open-source software at www.retentionprediction.org/gc. In a multi-lab study, the approach was shown to account for both intentional and unintentional differences in the temperature programs, flow rates, and inlet pressures produced by the GCs. Here, we tested 16 other experimental factors and found that only 5 could reduce accuracy in retention projections: injection history, exposure to very high levels of oxygen at high temperature, a very low transfer line temperature, an overloaded column, and a very short column (≤15m). We find that the retention projection methodology acts as a hybrid of conventional retention projection and retention indexing, drawing on the advantages of both; it properly accounts for a wide range of experimental conditions while accommodating the effects of experimental factors not properly taken into account in the calculations. Finally, we developed a four-step protocol to efficiently troubleshoot a GC system after it is found to be yielding inaccurate retention projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Wilson
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Brian B Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Paul G Boswell
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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107
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Peng B, Kuo MY, Yang P, Hewitt JT, Boswell PG. A practical methodology to measure unbiased gas chromatographic retention factor vs. temperature relationships. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:207-215. [PMID: 25496658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compound identification continues to be a major challenge. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a primary tool used for this purpose, but the GC retention information it provides is underutilized because existing retention databases are experimentally restrictive and unreliable. A methodology called "retention projection" has the potential to overcome these limitations, but it requires the retention factor (k) vs. T relationship of a compound to calculate its retention time. Direct methods of measuring k vs. T relationships from a series of isothermal runs are tedious and time-consuming. Instead, a series of temperature programs can be used to quickly measure the k vs. T relationships, but they are generally not as accurate when measured this way because they are strongly biased by non-ideal behavior of the GC system in each of the runs. In this work, we overcome that problem by using the retention times of 25 n-alkanes to back-calculate the effective temperature profile and hold-up time vs. T profiles produced in each of the six temperature programs. When the profiles were measured this way and taken into account, the k vs. T relationships measured from each of two different GC-MS instruments were nearly as accurate as the ones measured isothermally, showing less than two-fold more error. Furthermore, temperature-programmed retention times calculated in five other laboratories from the new k vs. T relationships had the same distribution of error as when they were calculated from k vs. T relationships measured isothermally. Free software was developed to make the methodology easy to use. The new methodology potentially provides a relatively fast and easy way to measure unbiased k vs. T relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijie Peng
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
| | - Mei-Yi Kuo
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
| | - Panhia Yang
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
| | - Joshua T Hewitt
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
| | - Paul G Boswell
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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108
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Retention Indices for Identification of Aroma Compounds by GC: Development and Application of a Retention Index Database. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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109
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A critical review on extraction techniques and gas chromatography based determination of grapevine derived sesquiterpenes. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 846:8-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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110
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Microencapsulation, chemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgare L.) oregano essential oils. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:641814. [PMID: 25177730 PMCID: PMC4142163 DOI: 10.1155/2014/641814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO's) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO's was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO's was evaluated. They were tested against Salmonella sp., Brochothrix thermosphacta, Pseudomonas fragi, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Micrococcus luteus. Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO's and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. Chemical composition of EO's varied according to the solvent used for GC analysis and to volatile fraction as evaluated by HS-SPME. Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. EO's showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO's remained the same, while free EO's decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO's from oregano.
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111
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McGinitie TM, Ebrahimi-Najafabadi H, Harynuk JJ. A standardized method for the calibration of thermodynamic data for the prediction of gas chromatographic retention times. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1330:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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112
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Frerot E, Bagnoud A, Cicchetti E. Quantification of Hydrogen Sulfide and Methanethiol and the Study of Their Scavenging by Biocides of the Isothiazolone Family. Chempluschem 2014; 79:77-82. [PMID: 31986762 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive analytical method for the quantification of malodourous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and methanethiol (CH3 SH) was developed and validated. The method consisted of solid-phase microextraction with concomitant in-fibre derivatisation of the mercaptan using N-ethylmaleimide. The adducts were analysed by GC-MS using a triple quadrupole in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The limits of detection of solutions of H2 S and CH3 SH in water were 100 and 10 ng L-1 , respectively, below their odour-perception thresholds. The analytical method was used to show the scavenging effect of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (Proxel) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone. The mechanism by which H2 S and CH3 SH are trapped with Proxel was studied by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Frerot
- Analytical Innovation Group, Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich S.A. 1, Route des Jeunes, 1211 Geneva 8 (Switzerland)
| | - Alain Bagnoud
- Analytical Innovation Group, Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich S.A. 1, Route des Jeunes, 1211 Geneva 8 (Switzerland)
| | - Esmeralda Cicchetti
- Analytical Innovation Group, Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich S.A. 1, Route des Jeunes, 1211 Geneva 8 (Switzerland)
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113
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Gas chromatography analysis with olfactometric detection (GC-O) as a useful methodology for chemical characterization of odorous compounds. SENSORS 2013; 13:16759-800. [PMID: 24316571 PMCID: PMC3892869 DOI: 10.3390/s131216759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) technique couples traditional gas chromatographic analysis with sensory detection in order to study complex mixtures of odorous substances and to identify odor active compounds. The GC-O technique is already widely used for the evaluation of food aromas and its application in environmental fields is increasing, thus moving the odor emission assessment from the solely olfactometric evaluations to the characterization of the volatile components responsible for odor nuisance. The aim of this paper is to describe the state of the art of gas chromatography-olfactometry methodology, considering the different approaches regarding the operational conditions and the different methods for evaluating the olfactometric detection of odor compounds. The potentials of GC-O are described highlighting the improvements in this methodology relative to other conventional approaches used for odor detection, such as sensoristic, sensorial and the traditional gas chromatographic methods. The paper also provides an examination of the different fields of application of the GC-O, principally related to fragrances and food aromas, odor nuisance produced by anthropic activities and odorous compounds emitted by materials and medical applications.
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114
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Barnes BB, Wilson MB, Carr PW, Vitha MF, Broeckling CD, Heuberger AL, Prenni J, Janis GC, Corcoran H, Snow NH, Chopra S, Dhandapani R, Tawfall A, Sumner LW, Boswell PG. "Retention projection" enables reliable use of shared gas chromatographic retention data across laboratories, instruments, and methods. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11650-7. [PMID: 24205931 PMCID: PMC3962126 DOI: 10.1021/ac4033615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is a primary tool used to identify compounds in complex samples. Both mass spectra and GC retention times are matched to those of standards; however, it is often impractical to have standards on hand for every compound of interest, so we must rely on shared databases of MS data and GC retention information. Unfortunately, retention databases (e.g., linear retention index libraries) are experimentally restrictive, notoriously unreliable, and strongly instrument dependent, relegating GC retention information to a minor, often negligible role in compound identification despite its potential power. A new methodology called "retention projection" has great potential to overcome the limitations of shared chromatographic databases. In this work, we tested the reliability of the methodology in five independent laboratories. We found that, even when each lab ran nominally the same method, the methodology was 3-fold more accurate than retention indexing because it properly accounted for unintentional differences between the GC/MS systems. When the laboratories used different methods of their own choosing, retention projections were 4- to 165-fold more accurate. More importantly, the distribution of error in the retention projections was predictable across different methods and laboratories, thus enabling automatic calculation of retention time tolerance windows. Tolerance windows at 99% confidence were generally narrower than those widely used even when physical standards are on hand to measure their retention. With its high accuracy and reliability, the new retention projection methodology makes GC retention a reliable, precise tool for compound identification, even when standards are not available to the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Barnes
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Michael B. Wilson
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Peter W. Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mark F. Vitha
- Department of Chemistry, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311
| | - Corey D. Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Adam L. Heuberger
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Jessica Prenni
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Gregory C. Janis
- MedTox Laboratories, Laboratory Corporation of America®, Holdings, St. Paul, MN 55112
| | - Henry Corcoran
- MedTox Laboratories, Laboratory Corporation of America®, Holdings, St. Paul, MN 55112
| | - Nicholas H. Snow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Academic Industry Partnership, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave., South Orange, NJ 07079
| | - Shilpi Chopra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Academic Industry Partnership, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave., South Orange, NJ 07079
| | - Ramkumar Dhandapani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Academic Industry Partnership, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave., South Orange, NJ 07079
| | | | | | - Paul G. Boswell
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108
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115
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Moreno Rueda MG, Guerrini A, Giovannini PP, Medici A, Grandini A, Sacchetti G, Pedrini P. Biotransformations of Terpenes by Fungi from AmazonianCitrusPlants. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1909-19. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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116
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Schubert J, Luch A, Schulz TG. Waterpipe smoking: analysis of the aroma profile of flavored waterpipe tobaccos. Talanta 2013; 115:665-74. [PMID: 24054646 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last years the habit of smoking waterpipes has spread worldwide, especially among young people and emerged as global health issue. Although research is now under way for no less than 40 years in the field of waterpipe smoking, in comparison to cigarette smoking there is still insufficient knowledge on the real composition and the toxicity of the smoke inhaled and the resulting levels of exposure against particular hazardous ingredients. In most cases for waterpipe smoking a highly flavored tobacco called "moassel" is used. However, the number, quantity and toxicity of the added flavorings are widely unknown. In this study the static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) was used to identify 79 volatile flavor compounds present in waterpipe tobacco. Among these eleven compounds were analyzed quantitatively. The results show that waterpipe tobacco contains high amounts of the fragrance benzyl alcohol as well as considerable levels of limonene, linalool and eugenol, all of which are known as being allergenic in human skin. The proposed SHS-GC-MS method has been validated and found to be accurate, simple and characterized by low limits of detection (LOD) in the range of 0.016 to 4.3 µg/g tobacco for benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol, respectively. The identification and characterization of waterpipe tobacco ingredients indeed reveals crucial for the assessment of potential health risks that may be posed by these additives in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schubert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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117
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Ethoximation-silylation approach for mono- and disaccharide analysis and characterization of their identification parameters by GC/MS. Talanta 2013; 115:642-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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118
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Raj G, Pradeep D, Yusufali C, Dan M, Baby S. Chemical profiles of volatiles in fourAlpiniaspecies from Kerala, South India. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.751058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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119
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Maietti S, Rossi D, Guerrini A, Useli C, Romagnoli C, Poli F, Bruni R, Sacchetti G. A multivariate analysis approach to the study of chemical and functional properties of chemo-diverse plant derivatives: lavender essential oils. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie - SVEB, UR7 Terra&Acqua Tech; Università degli Studi di Ferrara; C. so Ercole I d'Este 32; I-44121; Ferrara; Italy
| | - Damiano Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie - SVEB, UR7 Terra&Acqua Tech; Università degli Studi di Ferrara; C. so Ercole I d'Este 32; I-44121; Ferrara; Italy
| | - Alessandra Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie - SVEB, UR7 Terra&Acqua Tech; Università degli Studi di Ferrara; C. so Ercole I d'Este 32; I-44121; Ferrara; Italy
| | - Chiara Useli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie - SVEB, UR7 Terra&Acqua Tech; Università degli Studi di Ferrara; C. so Ercole I d'Este 32; I-44121; Ferrara; Italy
| | - Carlo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, c/o Orto Botanico; Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia; V. le Caduti in guerra 127; I-41121; Modena; Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale; Università degli Studi di Bologna; Via Irnerio 42; I-40126; Bologna; Italy
| | - Renato Bruni
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli alimenti, V.le G.P. Usberti 11A; Università degli Studi di Parma; I-43100; Parma; Italy
| | - Gianni Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie - SVEB, UR7 Terra&Acqua Tech; Università degli Studi di Ferrara; C. so Ercole I d'Este 32; I-44121; Ferrara; Italy
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120
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Cagliero C, Bicchi C, Cordero C, Liberto E, Sgorbini B, Rubiolo P. Room temperature ionic liquids: New GC stationary phases with a novel selectivity for flavor and fragrance analyses. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1268:130-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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121
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Populus nigra L. bud absolute: a case study for a strategy of analysis of natural complex substances. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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122
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Boswell PG, Carr PW, Cohen JD, Hegeman AD. Easy and accurate calculation of programmed temperature gas chromatographic retention times by back-calculation of temperature and hold-up time profiles. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1263:179-88. [PMID: 23040964 PMCID: PMC3478941 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Linear retention indices are commonly used to identify compounds in programmed-temperature gas chromatography (GC), but they are unreliable unless the original experimental conditions used to measure them are stringently reproduced. However, differences in many experimental conditions may be properly taken into account by calculating programmed-temperature retention times of compounds from their measured isothermal retention vs. temperature relationships. We call this approach "retention projection". Until now, retention projection has been impractical because it required very precise, meticulous measurement of the temperature vs. time and hold-up time vs. temperature profiles actually produced by a specific GC instrument to be accurate. Here we present a new, easy-to-use methodology to precisely measure those profiles: we spike a sample with 25 n-alkanes and use their measured, programmed-temperature retention times to precisely back-calculate what the instrument profiles must have been. Then, when we use those back-calculated profiles to project retention times of 63 chemically diverse compounds, we found that the projections are extremely accurate (e.g. to ±0.9 s in a 40 min ramp). They remained accurate with different temperature programs, GC instruments, inlet pressures, flow rates, and with columns taken from different batches of stationary phase while the accuracy of retention indices became worse the more the experimental conditions were changed from the original ones used to measure them. We also developed new, open-source software (http://www.retentionprediction.org/gc) to demonstrate the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Boswell
- Department of Horticultural Science and the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - Peter W. Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jerry D. Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - Adrian D. Hegeman
- Department of Horticultural Science and the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
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Pennazza G, Fanali C, Santonico M, Dugo L, Cucchiarini L, Dachà M, D'Amico A, Costa R, Dugo P, Mondello L. Electronic nose and GC-MS analysis of volatile compounds in Tuber magnatum Pico: evaluation of different storage conditions. Food Chem 2012; 136:668-74. [PMID: 23122112 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic aromatic composition of white truffles (Tuber magnatum Pico) determines its culinary and commercial value. However modifications of truffle organoleptic proprieties occur during preservation. A study of headspace of white truffles by using Electronic nose (E-nose), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory analyses was performed. Truffles were stored at different conditions for 7 days: +4 and +8°C wrapped in blotting paper or covered by rice or none of the above. Headspace E-nose measurements and sensory analyses were performed each day. Statistical multivariate analysis of the data showed the capability of E-nose to predict sensorial analysis scores and to monitor aroma profile changes during storage. Truffle's volatile molecules were also extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction technique and separated and identified by GC-MS. Partial Components Analysis of data was performed. E-nose and GC-MS results were in agreement and showed that truffle storage in paper at +8°C seemed to be the best storage condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pennazza
- Center for Integrated Research - CIR, Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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McGinitie TM, Harynuk JJ. Considerations for the automated collection of thermodynamic data in gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2228-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James J. Harynuk
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
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125
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Weingart G, Kluger B, Forneck A, Krska R, Schuhmacher R. Establishment and application of a metabolomics workflow for identification and profiling of volatiles from leaves of Vitis vinifera by HS-SPME-GC-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:345-358. [PMID: 22009551 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurring in leaves of plants carry information about the physiological state of the plant. Monitoring of VOCs assists in detecting plant stress before visible signs are present. OBJECTIVE To establish and apply a simple workflow for the automated extraction, measurement and annotation/identification of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir leaf metabolites. METHODOLOGY Leaf samples were harvested, cooled with liquid nitrogen and homogenised under cooled conditions. VOCs were extracted and enriched by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed by GC-MS. Samples were measured on two columns with different polarity of stationary phases. Mass spectral deconvolution and identification was done by AMDIS software. Strict identification criteria were applied: match factor ≥ 90; relative retention index deviation ≤ 2% from reference value on both columns. Data of two sampling dates were analysed with multivariate statistics. RESULTS We found ~600 components in a single chromatogram. Applying the mentioned criteria resulted in annotation of 63 metabolites of which 47 were confirmed with authentic standards. For the majority of the compounds technical variability was < < 40% (RSD), biological variability among plants was 7-119%. Principal component analysis (PCA) scores plot of leaf samples from two different sampling dates showed two clearly separated clusters. The presented workflow enabled for the first time the detection and identification of 19 metabolites that have so far not been described for Vitis spp. CONCLUSION The developed workflow enabled the identification of grapevine leaf metabolites, which allowed the separation of leaves from two sampling dates by PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Weingart
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Abstract
Analysis of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and essential oils (EOs, collectively called the plant volatilome) is an invaluable technique in plant biology, as it provides the qualitative and quantitative composition of bioactive compounds. From a physiological standpoint, the plant volatilome is involved in some critical processes, namely plant-plant interactions, the signaling between symbiotic organisms, the attraction of pollinating insects, a range of biological activities in mammals, and as an endless source of novel drugs and drug leads. This chapter analyses and discusses the most advanced methods of analysis of the plant volatilome.
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127
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Boswell PG, Schellenberg JR, Carr PW, Cohen JD, Hegeman AD. A study on retention “projection” as a supplementary means for compound identification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry capable of predicting retention with different gradients, flow rates, and instruments. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6732-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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128
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Bicchi C, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P. New trends in the analysis of the volatile fraction of matrices of vegetable origin: a short overview. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bicchi
- Laboratory of Phytochemical Analysis; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco - University of Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 15; I-10126; Torino; Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Laboratory of Phytochemical Analysis; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco - University of Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 15; I-10126; Torino; Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Laboratory of Phytochemical Analysis; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco - University of Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 15; I-10126; Torino; Italy
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129
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Gardner JY, Brillhart DE, Benjamin MM, Dixon LG, Mitchell LM, Dimandja JMD. The use of GC×GC/TOF MS with multivariate analysis for the characterization of foodborne pathogen bacteria profiles. J Sep Sci 2010; 34:176-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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130
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Ruf D, Mazzi D, Dorn S. No kin discrimination in female mate choice of a parasitoid with complementary sex determination. Behav Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arq148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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131
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Lebouvier N, Menut C, Hnawia E, Illinger A, Cabalion P, Nour M. Chemical Investigations of Essential Oils from Endemic Cupressaceae Trees from New Caledonia. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile components obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of C. neocaledonica Dummer, C. sulcata (Parlatore) Schlechter and N. pancheri (Carrière) de Laubenfels from New Caledonia were investigated for the first time by a combination of GC and GC–MS analysis, and compared with the heartwood oil compositions of the three species. The essential oils from C. sulcata and C. neocaledonica leaves contain a majority of monoterpenes while the leaf oil of N. pancheri is characterized by a high level of sesquiterpenoids. On the basis of the sesquiterpenoid composition of the wood- and leaf oils, N. pancheri is closely related to both New Caledonian Callitris spp. However, C. sulcata and C. neocaledonica oils remain distinct from N. pancheri and the Australian Callitris oils by the presence of compounds biosynthetically related to the bisabolyl cation, mainly barbatenes and thujopsene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lebouvier
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE) –EA 4243-, Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, BP R4, 98851 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Chantal Menut
- Equipe Glycochimie, IBMM UMR 5247, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Edouard Hnawia
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE) –EA 4243-, Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, BP R4, 98851 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Audrey Illinger
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE) –EA 4243-, Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, BP R4, 98851 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
- Equipe Glycochimie, IBMM UMR 5247, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pierre Cabalion
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelle Terrestres & Savoirs Traditionnels (SNT&ST), DRV, US 084, IRD, BP A5, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Mohammed Nour
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE) –EA 4243-, Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, BP R4, 98851 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
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Johnson AJ, Kumar R A, Rasheed SA, Chandrika SP, Chandrasekhar A, Baby S, Subramoniam A. Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of two major chromenes from Melicope lunu-ankenda. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:267-71. [PMID: 20457245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) T.G. Hartley is used in Indian traditional medicine for fever, improving complexion and as a tonic. Previous studies have isolated fungicidal, antifeedant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compounds from Melicope lunu-ankenda. This study is aimed at the isolation and biological activity screening of potential molecules from the volatile oils and extracts of Melicope lunu-ankenda in the light of traditional applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Volatile oil of Melicope lunu-ankenda leaves was isolated by hydrodistillation, characterized by GC-FID, GC-MS, LRI determination, Co-GC and database searches. Major chromene-type compounds in Melicope lunu-ankenda leaf oil, evodione and leptonol, were isolated by preparative TLC and characterized by UV-Vis, IR, 1H-, 13C-, 13C-DEPT NMR and EIMS. They were also isolated from the petroleum ether and acetone extracts of the leaves of Melicope lunu-ankenda by column chromatography in petroleum ether-ethyl acetate. Their contents in leaf oil, leaf and inflorescence extracts were estimated by HPTLC. Antipyretic (Baker's yeast-induced fever test), analgesic (acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion assays), anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw edema) and in vitro antioxidant (DPPH radical, superoxide radical scavenging) activities of evodione and leptonol were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Gas chromatographic analyses found 50.7% monoterpene hydrocarbons, 0.4% oxygenated monoterpenes, 3.2% sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 0.7% oxygenated sesquiterpenes and 43.7% chromene-type compounds in Melicope lunu-ankenda leaf oil, with evodione (20.2%) and leptonol (22.5%) as its two major constituents. HPTLC estimations in the petroleum ether, acetone extracts (leaf, inflorescence) and leaf oil found evodione 1.0% (dr. wt., leaf), 1.1% (inflorescence), 0.04% (fr. wt. leaves, leaf oil), and leptonol 0.3% (leaf), 0.3% (inflorescence) and 0.04% (leaf oil). Leptonol (200 mg/kg) showed good antipyretic activity. DPPH radical scavenging assay found moderate activity for leptonol (68.7%, 500 microM), whereas evodione showed near-zero activity. A very similar trend was found in superoxide radical scavenging activity of leptonol (64.5%) and evodione (10.3%), both at 100 microg/ml. Evodione and leptonol showed moderate analgesic activities in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion assays. Moderate anti-inflammatory activity was found for both evodione (59.4%) and leptonol (49.0%) at 100 mg/kg. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Biological activities of evodione and leptonol isolated from Melicope lunu-ankenda justify its traditional uses as a remedy for fever, inflammation and as a tonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil J Johnson
- Phytochemistry & Phytopharmacology Division, Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Identification and field activity of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in the pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:570-83. [PMID: 20437083 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus galloprovincialis, is a pest of pine trees in Europe and North Africa. Previously considered a secondary pest of stressed and dying trees, it is now receiving considerable attention as a vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of a lethal wilting disease in susceptible species of pines. Adult beetles are attracted to traps baited with a kairomone blend consisting of a host volatile, alpha-pinene, and two bark beetle pheromone components, ipsenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. More recently it has been shown that mature male M. galloprovincialis produce a pheromone that attracts mature females in a laboratory bioassay. Here, volatiles were collected from mature male and female M. galloprovincialis, and a compound produced specifically by mature males was identified as 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol from its gas chromatographic retention times, its mass spectrum, and by comparison with synthetic standards. The naturally-derived and synthetic compounds elicited electroantennographic responses from both females and males. Sealed polyethylene vials and polyethylene sachets were shown to be effective dispensers with zero-order release, the latter giving a higher release rate than the former. In two field tests, multiple-funnel traps baited with synthetic 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol caught both female and male M. galloprovincialis, with higher catches at the higher release rate. This compound also synergized the attractiveness of the kairomone blend, the combined mixture catching 80-140% more beetles than the sum of the catches to each bait separately and luring up to two beetles/trap/d in a moderate-density population. We conclude that 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol is a male-produced aggregation pheromone of M. galloprovincialis. This is the first example of a sex-specific compound in the cerambycid subfamily Lamiinae with significant behavioral activity in the field at a range sufficient to make it a useful trap bait. The possible roles of this pheromone in the chemical ecology of M. galloprovincialis and its potential use in pine wilt disease management are discussed.
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Selectable one-dimensional or two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with simultaneous olfactometry or element-specific detection. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2903-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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135
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Characterization of the volatile fraction emitted by Pinus spp. by one- and two-dimensional chromatographic techniques with mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1845-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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136
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Baby S, Raj G, Thaha ARM, Dan M. Volatile chemistry of a plant: mono-sesquiterpenoid pattern in the growth cycle of Curcuma haritha. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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137
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Gas chromatographic retention indices of biologically and environmentally important organic compounds on capillary columns with low-polar stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8998-9007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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138
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Pereira PC, Cebola MJ, Bernardo-Gil MG. Evolution of the yields and composition of essential oil from Portuguese myrtle (Myrtus comunis L.) through the vegetative cycle. Molecules 2009; 14:3094-105. [PMID: 19701146 PMCID: PMC6255092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14083094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Portuguese myrtle was determined at different developmental stages of the plant: pre-flowering, flowering, unripe and ripe berries. The oil was extracted separately by Clevenger distillation from leaves, branches and berries. The yields vary from 0.33% to 0.74% for leaves, 0.02% to 0.19% for branches, and 0.11% to 0.23% for berries. The highest yields were obtained for the leaves in October, and for the berries in September; branches show similar values in the months of June, July and September, and the samples collected in May and October produced very little amount of oil. Altogether, September seems to be the month with the best yields for the three parts of the plant. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS, and a total of thirty five components were identified. The major components were limonene+1,8-cineole [25.9% (berries)–39.5% (leaves)], myrtenyl acetate [6.6% (berries)–24.8% (leaves)], α-pinene [9.7% (berries)–21.5% (leaves)], and linalool [6.2% (leaves)–36.5% (berries)]. Portuguese myrtle belongs to the group of myrtles which are characterized by the presence of myrtenyl acetate as one of the major components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. Pereira
- Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, IBB; DEQB, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; E-mails: (P.P), (M.J.C.)
- Faculdade de Engenharias e Ciências Naturais, ULHT, Av. Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; E-mails: ,
| | - Maria-João Cebola
- Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, IBB; DEQB, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; E-mails: (P.P), (M.J.C.)
- Faculdade de Engenharias e Ciências Naturais, ULHT, Av. Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; E-mails: ,
| | - M. Gabriela Bernardo-Gil
- Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, IBB; DEQB, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; E-mails: (P.P), (M.J.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ; Tel.: +351 218 417 582; Fax: +351 218 419 176
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Molnár B, Kárpáti Z, Szocs G, Hall DR. Identification of female-produced sex pheromone of the honey locust gall midge, Dasineura gleditchiae. J Chem Ecol 2009; 35:706-14. [PMID: 19459010 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-009-9641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The honey locust gall midge, Dasineura gleditchiae Osten Sacken 1866 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is the main pest of ornamental varieties of the honey locust tree, Gleditsia triacanthos L., in North America, and is now becoming a pest of concern in Europe. Female midges were observed to emerge in the early morning with their ovipositor extended until they mated. Volatiles were collected from virgin females in a closed-loop stripping apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to electroantennographic (EAG) recording from the antenna of a male midge. A single EAG response was observed, which was assumed to be to the major component of the female sex pheromone. This was identified as (Z)-2-acetoxy-8-heptadecene by comparison of its mass spectrum and GC retention times on different columns with those of synthetic standards and by micro-analytical reactions. This compound was synthesized, and the individual enantiomers were produced by kinetic resolution with lipase from Candida antarctica. Analysis of the naturally-produced compound on a cyclodextrin GC column indicated it was the (R)-enantiomer. In EAG dose-response measurements, the (R)-enantiomer alone or in the racemic mixture evoked significant responses from the antennae of male D. gleditchiae, whereas the (S)-enantiomer did not. In field trapping tests, the (R)-enantiomer attracted male D. gleditchiae. The racemic compound was equally attractive, but the (S)-enantiomer was not attractive. Both the pure (R)-enantiomer or racemic (Z)-2-acetoxy-8-heptadecene, applied to red rubber septa in a dose range of 3-30 microg, constitute a strongly attractive bait in sticky traps for monitoring the flight of D. gleditchiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Molnár
- Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525, Budapest, P.O. Box 102, Hungary
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140
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Salafranca J, Pezo D, Nerín C. Assessment of specific migration to aqueous simulants of a new active food packaging containing essential oils by means of an automatic multiple dynamic hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction system. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3731-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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