101
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Swanberg KM, Landheer K, Pitt D, Juchem C. Quantifying the Metabolic Signature of Multiple Sclerosis by in vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Current Challenges and Future Outlook in the Translation From Proton Signal to Diagnostic Biomarker. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1173. [PMID: 31803127 PMCID: PMC6876616 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) offers a growing variety of methods for querying potential diagnostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis in living central nervous system tissue. For the past three decades, 1H-MRS has enabled the acquisition of a rich dataset suggestive of numerous metabolic alterations in lesions, normal-appearing white matter, gray matter, and spinal cord of individuals with multiple sclerosis, but this body of information is not free of seeming internal contradiction. The use of 1H-MRS signals as diagnostic biomarkers depends on reproducible and generalizable sensitivity and specificity to disease state that can be confounded by a multitude of influences, including experiment group classification and demographics; acquisition sequence; spectral quality and quantifiability; the contribution of macromolecules and lipids to the spectroscopic baseline; spectral quantification pipeline; voxel tissue and lesion composition; T1 and T2 relaxation; B1 field characteristics; and other features of study design, spectral acquisition and processing, and metabolite quantification about which the experimenter may possess imperfect or incomplete information. The direct comparison of 1H-MRS data from individuals with and without multiple sclerosis poses a special challenge in this regard, as several lines of evidence suggest that experimental cohorts may differ significantly in some of these parameters. We review the existing findings of in vivo1H-MRS on central nervous system metabolic abnormalities in multiple sclerosis and its subtypes within the context of study design, spectral acquisition and processing, and metabolite quantification and offer an outlook on technical considerations, including the growing use of machine learning, by future investigations into diagnostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis measurable by 1H-MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley M Swanberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karl Landheer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
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102
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Dependence on subconcussive impacts of brain metabolism in collision sport athletes: an MR spectroscopic study. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:735-749. [PMID: 29802602 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Long term neurological impairments due to repetitive head trauma are a growing concern for collision sport athletes. American Football has the highest rate of reported concussions among male high school athletes, a position held by soccer for female high school athletes. Recent research has shown that subconcussive events experienced by collision sport athletes can be a further significant source of accrued damage. Collision sport athletes experience hundreds of subconcussive events in a single season, and these largely go uninvestigated as they produce no overt clinical symptoms. Continued participation by these seemingly uninjured athletes is hypothesized to increase susceptibility to diagnoseable brain injury. This study paired magnetic resonance spectroscopy with head impact monitoring to quantify the relationship between metabolic changes and head acceleration event characteristics in high school-aged male football and female soccer collision sport athletes. During the period of exposure to subconcussive events, asymptomatic male (football) collision sport athletes exhibited statistically significant changes in concentrations of glutamate+glutamine (Glx) and total choline containing compounds (tCho) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and female (soccer) collision sport athletes exhibited changes in glutamate+glutamine (Glx) in primary motor cortex. Neurometabolic alterations observed in football athletes during the second half of the season were found to be significantly associated with the average acceleration per head acceleration events, being best predicted by the accumulation of events exceeding 50 g. These marked deviations in neurometabolism, in the absence of overt symptoms, raise concern about the neural health of adolescent collision-sport athletes and suggest limiting exposure to head acceleration events may help to ameliorate the risk of subsequent cognitive impairment.
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103
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Vike N, Tang J, Talavage T, Shi R, Rispoli J. Determination of acrolein-associated T 1 and T 2 relaxation times and noninvasive detection using nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019; 50:1291-1303. [PMID: 32051668 PMCID: PMC7015257 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-019-01148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 3.3 million people are living with a traumatic brain injury (TBI)-associated morbidity. Currently, only invasive and sacrificial methods exist to study neurochemical alterations following TBI. Nuclear magnetic resonance methods-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS)-are powerful tools which may be used non-invasively to diagnose a range of medical issues. These methods can be utilized to explore brain functionality, connectivity, and biochemistry. Unfortunately, many of the commonly studied brain metabolites (e.g., N-acetyl-aspartate, choline, creatine) remain relatively stable following mild to moderate TBI and may not be suitable for longitudinal assessment of injury severity and location. Therefore, a critical need exists to investigate alternative biomarkers of TBI, such as acrolein. Acrolein is a byproduct of lipid peroxidation and accumulates following damage to neuronal tissue. Acrolein has been shown to increase in post-mortem rat brain tissue following TBI. However, no methods exist to noninvasively quantify acrolein in vivo. Currently, we have characterized the T1 and T2 of acrolein via NMR saturation recovery and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill experiments, accordingly, to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of acrolein obtained with MRS. Additionally, we have quantified acrolein in water and whole-brain phantom using PRESS MRS and standard post-processing methods. With this potential novel biomarker for assessing TBI, we can investigate methods for predicting acute and chronic neurological dysfunction in humans and animal models. By quantifying and localizing acrolein with MRS, and investigating neurological outcomes associated with in vivo measures, patient-specific interventions could be developed to decrease TBI-associated morbidity and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Vike
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Thomas Talavage
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Joseph Rispoli
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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104
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Iqbal Z, Nguyen D, Hangel G, Motyka S, Bogner W, Jiang S. Super-Resolution 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Utilizing Deep Learning. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1010. [PMID: 31649879 PMCID: PMC6794570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (SI) is a unique imaging technique that provides biochemical information from in vivo tissues. The 1H spectra acquired from several spatial regions are quantified to yield metabolite concentrations reflective of tissue metabolism. However, since these metabolites are found in tissues at very low concentrations, SI is often acquired with limited spatial resolution. In this work, we test the hypothesis that deep learning is able to upscale low resolution SI, together with the T1-weighted (T1w) image, to reconstruct high resolution SI. We report on a novel densely connected UNet (D-UNet) architecture capable of producing super-resolution spectroscopic images. The inputs for the D-UNet are the T1w image and the low resolution SI image while the output is the high resolution SI. The results of the D-UNet are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively to simulated and in vivo high resolution SI. It is found that this deep learning approach can produce high quality spectroscopic images and reconstruct entire 1H spectra from low resolution acquisitions, which can greatly advance the current SI workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Iqbal
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Dan Nguyen
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Motyka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steve Jiang
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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105
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Wang D, Wang X, Luo MT, Wang H, Li YH. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Perimenopausal Women With Depression: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:785. [PMID: 31481863 PMCID: PMC6710535 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with the processing of negative emotions. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. We aimed to determine the changes in GABA levels in the ACC of perimenopausal women with depression. Methods We recruited 120 perimenopausal women, who were followed up for 18-24 months. After reaching menopause, the participants were divided into a control group (n = 71), an anxiety group (n = 30), and a depression group (n = 19). The participants were examined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). TARQUIN software was used to calculate the GABA concentrations in the ACC before and after menopause. The relationship of the GABA levels with the patients' scores on the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale and 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale was determined. Results GABA decreased with time. The postmenopausal GABA levels were significantly lower in the depression group than in the anxiety group and were significantly lower in both these groups than in the normal group. The postmenopausal GABA levels were significantly lower than the premenopausal levels in the normal, anxiety, and depression groups (P = 0.014, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The premenopausal GABA levels did not significantly differ between the normal vs. anxiety group (P = 0.907), normal vs. depression group (P = 0.495), and anxiety vs. depression group. The postmenopausal GABA levels were significantly lower in the depression group than in the anxiety group and were significantly lower in both these groups than in the normal group, normal vs. anxiety group (P = 0.022), normal vs. depression group (P < 0.001), and anxiety vs. depression group (P = 0.047). Conclusion Changes in GABA concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex are related with the pathophysiological mechanism and symptoms of perimenopausal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Ting Luo
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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106
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Jawad M, Evers M, Gerwing A, Herick M, Seibert D, Bauer J, Kugel H, Ohrmann P, Linsen L. A Visual Analytics Approach for Comparing Cohorts in Single-Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1138:115-136. [PMID: 31313262 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14227-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a non-invasive in-vivo technology to measure metabolic concentrations in selected regions of interest in a tissue, e.g., the brain. 1H-MRS generates spectra of signals with different frequencies and specific intensities which can be assigned to respective metabolites in the investigated tissue and quantified. In studies designed to detect biomarkers of a specific disorder or dysfunction, the overall goal is not just to analyze a single 1H-MRS data set, but to compare patient cohorts against healthy controls. We propose a visual analytics tool for the comparative analyses of cohorts, i.e., sets of data sets. Each data set can be regarded as a multivariate data sample, in which each variable represents the concentration of a metabolite. While a standard workflow for comparative analyses of two cohorts is routinely deployed by analyzing metabolites individually, our tool allows for comparative cohort analysis in a multivariate setting. Our top-down analysis strategy uses multidimensional data visualization methods combined with statistical plots and statistical analyses. We document and evaluate the effectiveness of our approach for the interactive analysis of metabolite concentrations in three brain regions for a comparative study of an alcohol-dependent patient cohort and a healthy control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marina Evers
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerwing
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Herick
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Seibert
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia Ohrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Linsen
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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107
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Wilson M, Andronesi O, Barker PB, Bartha R, Bizzi A, Bolan PJ, Brindle KM, Choi IY, Cudalbu C, Dydak U, Emir UE, Gonzalez RG, Gruber S, Gruetter R, Gupta RK, Heerschap A, Henning A, Hetherington HP, Huppi PS, Hurd RE, Kantarci K, Kauppinen RA, Klomp DWJ, Kreis R, Kruiskamp MJ, Leach MO, Lin AP, Luijten PR, Marjańska M, Maudsley AA, Meyerhoff DJ, Mountford CE, Mullins PG, Murdoch JB, Nelson SJ, Noeske R, Öz G, Pan JW, Peet AC, Poptani H, Posse S, Ratai EM, Salibi N, Scheenen TWJ, Smith ICP, Soher BJ, Tkáč I, Vigneron DB, Howe FA. Methodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: Review and recommendations. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:527-550. [PMID: 30919510 PMCID: PMC7179569 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proton MRS (1 H MRS) provides noninvasive, quantitative metabolite profiles of tissue and has been shown to aid the clinical management of several brain diseases. Although most modern clinical MR scanners support MRS capabilities, routine use is largely restricted to specialized centers with good access to MR research support. Widespread adoption has been slow for several reasons, and technical challenges toward obtaining reliable good-quality results have been identified as a contributing factor. Considerable progress has been made by the research community to address many of these challenges, and in this paper a consensus is presented on deficiencies in widely available MRS methodology and validated improvements that are currently in routine use at several clinical research institutions. In particular, the localization error for the PRESS localization sequence was found to be unacceptably high at 3 T, and use of the semi-adiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence is a recommended solution. Incorporation of simulated metabolite basis sets into analysis routines is recommended for reliably capturing the full spectral detail available from short TE acquisitions. In addition, the importance of achieving a highly homogenous static magnetic field (B0 ) in the acquisition region is emphasized, and the limitations of current methods and hardware are discussed. Most recommendations require only software improvements, greatly enhancing the capabilities of clinical MRS on existing hardware. Implementation of these recommendations should strengthen current clinical applications and advance progress toward developing and validating new MRS biomarkers for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Ovidiu Andronesi
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter B Barker
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert Bartha
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Alberto Bizzi
- U.O. Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrick J Bolan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Uzay E Emir
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ramon G Gonzalez
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Gupta
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Petra S Huppi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ralph E Hurd
- Stanford Radiological Sciences Lab, Stanford, California
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Risto A Kauppinen
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | | | - Roland Kreis
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin O Leach
- CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, England
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- DVA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Paul G Mullins
- Bangor Imaging Unit, School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales
| | | | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Gülin Öz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Julie W Pan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Stefan Posse
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Eva-Maria Ratai
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nouha Salibi
- MR R&D, Siemens Healthineers, Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Brian J Soher
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Tkáč
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Franklyn A Howe
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, England
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108
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Ford TC, Crewther DP, Abu-Akel A. Psychosocial deficits across autism and schizotypal spectra are interactively modulated by excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:364-373. [PMID: 31339349 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319866030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Continued human and animal research has strengthened evidence for aberrant excitatory-inhibitory neural processes underlying autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorder psychopathology, particularly psychosocial functioning, in clinical and nonclinical populations. We investigated the extent to which autistic traits and schizotypal dimensions were modulated by the interactive relationship between excitatory glutamate and inhibitory GABA neurotransmitter concentrations in the social processing area of the superior temporal cortex using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In total, 38 non-clinical participants (20 females; age range = 18-35 years, mean (standard deviation) = 23.22 (5.52)) completed the autism spectrum quotient and schizotypal personality questionnaire, and underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify glutamate and GABA concentrations in the right and left superior temporal cortex. Regression analyses revealed that glutamate and GABA interactively modulated autistic social skills and schizotypal interpersonal features (pcorr < 0.05), such that those with high right superior temporal cortex glutamate but low GABA concentrations exhibited poorer social and interpersonal skills. These findings evidence an excitation-inhibition imbalance that is specific to psychosocial features across the autism and schizophrenia spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C Ford
- Deakin University, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
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109
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Preising MN, Görg B, Friedburg C, Qvartskhava N, Budde BS, Bonus M, Toliat MR, Pfleger C, Altmüller J, Herebian D, Beyer M, Zöllner HJ, Wittsack HJ, Schaper J, Klee D, Zechner U, Nürnberg P, Schipper J, Schnitzler A, Gohlke H, Lorenz B, Häussinger D, Bolz HJ. Biallelic mutation of human SLC6A6 encoding the taurine transporter TAUT is linked to early retinal degeneration. FASEB J 2019; 33:11507-11527. [PMID: 31345061 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900914rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that inactivation of the transmembrane taurine transporter (TauT or solute carrier 6a6) causes early retinal degeneration in mice. Compatible with taurine's indispensability for cell volume homeostasis, protein stabilization, cytoprotection, antioxidation, and immuno- and neuromodulation, mice develop multisystemic dysfunctions (hearing loss; liver fibrosis; and behavioral, heart, and skeletal muscle abnormalities) later on. Here, by genetic, cell biologic, in vivo 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation studies, we conducted in-depth characterization of a novel disorder: human TAUT deficiency. Loss of TAUT function due to a homozygous missense mutation caused panretinal degeneration in 2 brothers. TAUTp.A78E still localized in the plasma membrane but is predicted to impact structural stabilization. 3H-taurine uptake by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was reduced by 95%, and taurine levels were severely reduced in plasma, skeletal muscle, and brain. Extraocular dysfunctions were not yet detected, but significantly increased urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine indicated generally enhanced (yet clinically unapparent) oxidative stress and RNA oxidation, warranting continuous broad surveillance.-Preising, M. N., Görg, B., Friedburg, C., Qvartskhava, N., Budde, B. S., Bonus, M., Toliat, M. R., Pfleger, C., Altmüller, J., Herebian, D., Beyer, M., Zöllner, H. J., Wittsack, H.-J., Schaper, J., Klee, D., Zechner, U., Nürnberg, P., Schipper, J., Schnitzler, A., Gohlke, H., Lorenz, B., Häussinger, D., Bolz, H. J. Biallelic mutation of human SLC6A6 encoding the taurine transporter TAUT is linked to early retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus N Preising
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Boris Görg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Friedburg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natalia Qvartskhava
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit S Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michele Bonus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Toliat
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Pfleger
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mila Beyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Schaper
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Klee
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Zechner
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Genetics, Frankfurt on the Main, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Schipper
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren Heilkunde, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC)-Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC)-Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Complex Systems (ICS 6), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Birgit Lorenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Düsseldorf-Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hanno J Bolz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Senckenberg Centre for Human Genetics, Frankfurt on the Main, Germany
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110
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Hong D, van Asten JJA, Rankouhi SR, Thielen JW, Norris DG. Effect of linewidth on estimation of metabolic concentration when using water lineshape spectral model fitting for single voxel proton spectroscopy at 7 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 304:53-61. [PMID: 31102923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Good B0 field homogeneity is considered an essential requirement to obtain high-quality MRS data. Many commonly used spectral fitting methods assume that all metabolite signals have Lorentzian or Gaussian shapes. However, B0 inhomogeneity can both broaden the linewidth and modify the lineshape. In this study, it is hypothesized that a realistic metabolite fitting model, which accounts for B0 homogeneity on the basis of the water lineshape, will improve the accuracy of estimation of metabolite concentrations. In-vivo water suppressed/unsuppressed single voxel spectroscopy signals were acquired under three different B0 field homogeneity regimes. Individual realistic basis sets were created for each acquisition. Frequency-domain spectral fitting with LCModel was used to quantify the metabolite concentrations with fitting uncertainties given in terms of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The quantification results obtained using the water lineshape basis set yielded similar concentrations independent of linewidth and showed a larger fitting error as the linewidth increased. The conventional approach, however quantifies metabolite concentrations with greater variations despite showing a supposedly improved fitting quality. The water lineshape basis set achieved single voxel spectroscopy accuracy that is less sensitive to the linewidth compared to the conventional spectral fitting method for the range of linewidths used in this study, but the precision deteriorated with worsening B0 field inhomogeneity. The beneficial effect was ascribed to a reduction in the number of degrees of freedom when using the water lineshape to generate the basis set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Hong
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jack J A van Asten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan-Willem Thielen
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - David G Norris
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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111
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City-Level Comparison of Urban Land-Cover Configurations from 2000–2015 across 65 Countries within the Global Belt and Road. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11131515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The configuration of urban land-covers is essential for improving dwellers’ environments and ecosystem services. A city-level comparison of land-cover changes along the Belt and Road is still unavailable due to the lack of intra-urban land products. A synergistic classification methodology of sub-pixel un-mixing, multiple indices, decision tree classifier, unsupervised (SMDU) classification was established in the study to examine urban land covers across 65 capital cities along the Belt and Road during 2000–2015. The overall accuracies of the 15 m resolution urban products (i.e., the impervious surface area, vegetation, bare soil, and water bodies) derived from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)/Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were 92.88% and 93.19%, with kappa coefficients of 0.84 and 0.85 in 2000 and 2015, respectively. The built-up areas of 65 capital cities increased from 23,696.25 km2 to 29,257.51 km2, with an average growth rate of 370.75 km2/y during 2000–2015. Moreover, urban impervious surface area (ISA) expanded with an average rate of 401.92 km2/y, while the total area of urban green space (UGS) decreased with an average rate of 17.59 km2/y. In different regions, UGS changes declined by 7.37% in humid cities but increased by 14.61% in arid cities. According to the landscape ecology indicators, urban land-cover configurations became more integrated (△Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI) = −0.063; △Patch Density (PD) = 0.054) and presented better connectivity (△Connectance Index (CON) = +0.594). The proposed method in this study improved the separation between ISA and bare soil in mixed pixels, and the 15 m intra-urban land-cover product provided essential details of complex urban landscapes and urban ecological needs compared with contemporary global products. These findings provide valuable information for urban planners dealing with human comfort and ecosystem service needs in urban areas.
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112
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Meyer EJ, Stout JN, Chung AW, Grant PE, Mannix R, Gagoski B. Longitudinal Changes in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Pediatric Concussion: A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:556. [PMID: 31231298 PMCID: PMC6566128 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nearly 20% of US adolescents report at least one lifetime concussion. Pathophysiologic models suggest that traumatic biomechanical forces caused by rotational deceleration lead to shear stress, which triggers a neurometabolic cascade beginning with excitotoxicity and leading to significant energy demands and a period of metabolic crisis for the injured brain. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) offers a means for non-invasive measurement of neurometabolic changes after concussion. Objective: Describe longitudinal changes in metabolites measured in vivo in the brains of adolescent patients with concussion. Methods: We prospectively recruited 9 patients ages 11 to 20 who presented to a pediatric Emergency Department within 24 h of concussion. Patients underwent MRI scanning within 72 h (acute, n = 8), 2 weeks (subacute, n = 7), and at approximately 1 year (chronic, n = 7). Healthy, age and sex-matched controls were recruited and scanned once (n = 9). 1H MRS was used to measure N-acetyl-aspartate, choline, creatine, glutamate + glutamine, and myo-inositol concentrations in six regions of interest: left and right frontal white matter, posterior white matter and thalamus. Results: There was a significant increase in total thalamus glutamate+glutamine/choline at the subacute (p = 0.010) and chronic (p = 0.010) time points, and a significant decrease in total white matter myo-inositol/choline (p = 0.030) at the chronic time point as compared to controls. Conclusion: There are no differences in 1H MRS measurements in the acute concussive period; however, changes in glutamate+glutamine and myo-inositol concentrations detectable by 1H MRS may develop beyond the acute period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Stout
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ai Wern Chung
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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113
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Lin L, Považan M, Berrington A, Chen Z, Barker PB. Water removal in MR spectroscopic imaging with L2 regularization. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1278-1287. [PMID: 31148254 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An L2-regularization based postprocessing method is proposed and tested for removal of residual or unsuppressed water signals in proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data recorded from the human brain at 3T. METHODS Water signals are removed by implementation of the L2 regularization using a synthesized water-basis matrix that is orthogonal to metabolite signals of interest in the spectral dimension. Simulated spectra with variable water amplitude and in vivo brain MRSI datasets were used to demonstrate the proposed method. Results were compared with two commonly-used postprocessing methods for removing water signals. RESULTS The L2 method yielded metabolite signals that were close to true values for the simulated spectra. Residual/unsuppressed water signals in human brain short- and long-echo time MRSI datasets were efficiently removed by the proposed method allowing good quality metabolite maps to be reconstructed with minimized contamination from water signals. Significant differences of the creatine signal were observed between brain long-echo time MRSI without and with water saturation, attributable to the previously described magnetization transfer effect. CONCLUSIONS With usage of a synthesized water matrix generated based on reasonable prior knowledge about water and metabolite resonances, the L2 method is shown to be an effective way to remove water signals from MRSI of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Lin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Michal Považan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam Berrington
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
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114
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The influence of one session of low frequency rTMS on pre-supplementary motor area metabolites in late stage Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1292-1298. [PMID: 31176928 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.04.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Low Frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (LF rTMS) on brain metabolites in late stage Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (disease duration at least 4 years and Hoehn and Yahr (1969) score at least 2 in OFF). Several neuroimaging data support a role for pre-Supplementary Motor Area (pre-SMA) involvement in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) measures in vivo metabolites, but results in PD brain remain conflicting and little is known of the effect of LF rTMS thereupon. METHODS We investigate the neurochemical profile of the right pre-SMA in 17 late stage PD patients (11 male and 6 female, mean age of 71 years) before and after one session of sham controlled 1 Hz rTMS (1000 pulses, 16 minutes), focusing on the tNAA/tCr and tCho/tCr ratios. RESULTS The tNAA/tCr ratio was unaffected by one session of LF rTMS. We did observe a significant effect of real LF rTMS on the tCho/tCr ratio, inversely correlated with disease duration, and not related to the presence of dyskinesias. As expected, one session of LF rTMS did not affect clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS LF rTMS at the right pre-SMA in late stage Parkinson's disease patients does not alter tNAA/tCr, but influences tCho/tCr ratio, in particular in patients with shorter disease duration. SIGNIFICANCE Pre-SMA LF rTMS seems to influence membrane turnover, more importantly in patients with shorter disease duration. Larger LF rTMS treatment studies applying multiple sessions are needed.
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115
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Manias KA, Gill SK, MacPherson L, Oates A, Pinkey B, Davies P, Zarinabad N, Davies NP, Babourina-Brooks B, Wilson M, Peet AC. Diagnostic accuracy and added value of qualitative radiological review of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in evaluation of childhood brain tumors. Neurooncol Pract 2019; 6:428-437. [PMID: 31832213 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) facilitates noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors by providing metabolite profiles. Prospective studies of diagnostic accuracy and comparisons with conventional MRI are lacking. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of MRS for childhood brain tumors and determine added clinical value compared with conventional MRI. Methods Children presenting to a tertiary pediatric center with brain lesions from December 2015 through 2017 were included. MRI and single-voxel MRS were acquired on 52 tumors and sequentially interpreted by 3 radiologists, blinded to histopathology. Proportions of correct diagnoses and interrater agreement at each stage were compared. Cases were reviewed to determine added value of qualitative radiological review of MRS through increased certainty of correct diagnosis, reduced number of differentials, or diagnosis following spectroscopist evaluation. Final diagnosis was agreed by the tumor board at study end. Results Radiologists' principal MRI diagnosis was correct in 69%, increasing to 77% with MRS. MRI + MRS resulted in significantly more additional correct diagnoses than MRI alone (P = .035). There was a significant increase in interrater agreement when correct with MRS (P = .046). Added value following radiologist interpretation of MRS occurred in 73% of cases, increasing to 83% with additional spectroscopist review. First histopathological diagnosis was available a median of 9.5 days following imaging, with 25% of all patients managed without conclusive histopathology. Conclusions MRS can improve the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors and add value in the diagnostic pathway. Incorporation into practice has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis, guide treatment planning, and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Manias
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, UK
| | - Simrandip K Gill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, UK
| | | | - Adam Oates
- Department of Radiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, UK
| | | | - Paul Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Nigel P Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, UK.,Department of Imaging and Medical Physics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, UK
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116
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Gurbani SS, Sheriff S, Maudsley AA, Shim H, Cooper LAD. Incorporation of a spectral model in a convolutional neural network for accelerated spectral fitting. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:3346-3357. [PMID: 30666698 PMCID: PMC6414236 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MRSI has shown great promise in the detection and monitoring of neurologic pathologies such as tumor. A necessary component of data processing includes the quantitation of each metabolite, typically done through fitting a model of the spectrum to the data. For high-resolution volumetric MRSI of the brain, which may have ~10,000 spectra, significant processing time is required for spectral analysis and generation of metabolite maps. METHODS A novel unsupervised deep learning architecture that combines a convolutional neural network with a priori models of the spectrum is presented. This architecture, a convolutional encoder-model decoder (CEMD), combines the strengths of adaptive and unbiased convolutional networks with models of magnetic resonance and is readily interpretable. RESULTS The CEMD architecture performs accurate spectral fitting for volumetric MRSI in patients with glioblastoma, provides whole-brain fitting in 1 min on a standard computer, and handles a variety of spectral artifacts. CONCLUSION A new architecture combining physics domain knowledge with convolutional neural networks has been developed and is able to perform rapid spectral fitting of whole-brain data. Rapid processing is a critical step toward routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya S. Gurbani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sulaiman Sheriff
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew A. Maudsley
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee A. D. Cooper
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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117
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Vamvakas A, Williams S, Theodorou K, Kapsalaki E, Fountas K, Kappas C, Vassiou K, Tsougos I. Imaging biomarker analysis of advanced multiparametric MRI for glioma grading. Phys Med 2019; 60:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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118
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Carlin D, Babourina-Brooks B, Arvanitis TN, Wilson M, Peet AC. Short-acquisition-time JPRESS and its application to paediatric brain tumours. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 32:247-258. [PMID: 30460431 PMCID: PMC6424926 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and assess a short-duration JPRESS protocol for detection of overlapping metabolite biomarkers and its application to paediatric brain tumours at 3 Tesla. MATERIALS AND METHODS The short-duration protocol (6 min) was optimised and compared for spectral quality to a high-resolution (38 min) JPRESS protocol in a phantom and five healthy volunteers. The 6-min JPRESS was acquired from four paediatric brain tumours and compared with short-TE PRESS. RESULTS Metabolite identification between the 6- and 38-min protocols was comparable in phantom and volunteer data. For metabolites with Cramer-Rao lower bounds > 50%, interpretation of JPRESS increased confidence in assignment of lactate, myo-Inositol and scyllo-Inositol. JPRESS also showed promise for the detection of glycine and taurine in paediatric brain tumours when compared to short-TE MRS. CONCLUSION A 6-min JPRESS protocol is well tolerated in paediatric brain tumour patients. Visual inspection of a 6-min JPRESS spectrum enables identification of a range of metabolite biomarkers of clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Carlin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ben Babourina-Brooks
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Theodoros N Arvanitis
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.
- Clinical Research Block, Institute of Child Health, Whittall Street, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.
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119
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Costigan AG, Umla-Runge K, Evans CJ, Hodgetts CJ, Lawrence AD, Graham KS. Neurochemical correlates of scene processing in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex: A multimodal fMRI and 1 H-MRS study. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2884-2898. [PMID: 30865358 PMCID: PMC6563468 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) are key components of a midline network, activated during rest but also in tasks that involve construction of scene or situation models. Despite growing interest in PCu/PCC functional alterations in disease and disease risk, the underlying neurochemical modulators of PCu/PCC's task‐evoked activity are largely unstudied. Here, a multimodal imaging approach was applied to investigate whether interindividual differences in PCu/PCC fMRI activity, elicited during perceptual discrimination of scene stimuli, were correlated with local brain metabolite levels, measured during resting‐state 1H‐MRS. Forty healthy young adult participants completed an fMRI perceptual odd‐one‐out task for scenes, objects and faces. 1H‐MRS metabolites N‐acetyl‐aspartate (tNAA), glutamate (Glx) and γ‐amino‐butyric acid (GABA+) were quantified via PRESS and MEGA‐PRESS scans in a PCu/PCC voxel and an occipital (OCC) control voxel. Whole brain fMRI revealed a cluster in right dorsal PCu/PCC that showed a greater BOLD response to scenes versus faces and objects. When extracted from an independently defined PCu/PCC region of interest, scene activity (vs. faces and objects and also vs. baseline) was positively correlated with PCu/PCC, but not OCC, tNAA. A voxel‐wise regression analysis restricted to the PCu/PCC 1H‐MRS voxel area identified a significant PCu/PCC cluster, confirming the positive correlation between scene‐related BOLD activity and PCu/PCC tNAA. There were no correlations between PCu/PCC activity and Glx or GABA+ levels. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that scene activity in PCu/PCC is linked to local tNAA levels, identifying a neurochemical influence on interindividual differences in the task‐driven activity of a key brain hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Costigan
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Katja Umla-Runge
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - C John Evans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Carl J Hodgetts
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Kim S Graham
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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120
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Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the motor cortex reveals long term GABA change following anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2807. [PMID: 30808895 PMCID: PMC6391486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) has been reported to increase the firing rates of neurons and to modulate the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration. To date, knowledge about the nature and duration of these tDCS induced effects is incomplete. We aimed to investigate long-term effects of anodal tDCS over M1 on GABA dynamics in humans. Repeated magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was employed to measure relative GABA concentration in M1 for approximately 64 minutes after stimulation. The study was performed on 32 healthy subjects. Either anodal or sham tDCS were applied for 10 minutes with the active electrode over the left M1 and the reference electrode over the right supra-orbital region. Pre and post-tDCS MRS scans were performed to acquire GABA-edited spectra using 3 T Prisma Siemens scanner. GABA signals showed no change over time in the sham tDCS group, whereas anodal tDCS resulted in a significant early decrease within 25 minutes after tDCS and then significant late decrease after 66 minutes which continued until the last test measurements. The late changes in GABA concentration might be related to long-term plasticity mechanism. These results contribute to a better understanding of the neurochemical mechanism underlying long-term cortical plasticity following anodal tDCS.
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121
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Haque ME, Gabr RE, George SD, Boren SB, Vahidy FS, Zhang X, Arevalo OD, Alderman S, Narayana PA, Hasan KM, Friedman ER, Sitton CW, Savitz SI. Serial Cerebral Metabolic Changes in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Treated With Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mononuclear Cells. Front Neurol 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 30858820 PMCID: PMC6397870 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cell-based therapy offers new opportunities for the development of novel treatments to promote tissue repair, functional restoration, and cerebral metabolic balance. N-acetylasperate (NAA), Choline (Cho), and Creatine (Cr) are three major metabolites seen on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) that play a vital role in balancing the biochemical processes and are suggested as markers of recovery. In this preliminary study, we serially monitored changes in these metabolites in ischemic stroke patients who were treated with autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) using non-invasive MRS. Materials and Methods: A sub-group of nine patients (3 male, 6 female) participated in a serial MRS study, as part of a clinical trial on autologous bone marrow cell therapy in acute ischemic stroke. Seven to ten million mononuclear cells were isolated from the patient's bone marrow and administered intravenously within 72 h of onset of injury. MRS data were obtained at 1, 3, and 6 months using a whole-body 3.0T MRI. Single voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) was obtained within the lesion and contralesional gray matter. Spectral analysis was done using TARQUIN software and absolute concentration of NAA, Cho, and Cr was determined. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was serially recoreded. Two-way analysis of variance was performed and p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: All metabolites showed statistically significant or clear trends toward lower ipsilesional concentrations compared to the contralesional side at all time points. Statistically significant reductions were found in ipsilesional NAA at 1M and 3M, Cho at 6M, and Cr at 1M and 6M (p < 0.03), compared to the contralesional side. Temporally, ipsilesional NAA increased between 3M and 6M (p < 0.01). On the other hand, ipsilesional Cho showed continued decline till 6M (p < 0.01). Ipsilesional Cr was stable over time. Contralesional metabolites were relatively stable over time, with only Cr showing a reduction 3M (p < 0.02). There was a significant (p < 0.03) correlation between ipsilesional NAA and NIHSS at 3M follow-up. Conclusion: Serial changes in metabolites suggest that MRS can be applied to monitor therapeutic changes. Post-treatment increasing trends of NAA concentration and significant correlation with NIHSS support a potential therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad E Haque
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Refaat E Gabr
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah D George
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Seth B Boren
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farhaan S Vahidy
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Research Design Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Octavio D Arevalo
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susan Alderman
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ponnada A Narayana
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Khader M Hasan
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elliott R Friedman
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Clark W Sitton
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Assessment of Residual Tumor After Resection of Glioma: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.88159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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123
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Ford TC, Abu-Akel A, Crewther DP. The association of excitation and inhibition signaling with the relative symptom expression of autism and psychosis-proneness: Implications for psychopharmacology. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:235-242. [PMID: 30075170 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of autism and schizophrenia are poorly understood, partly due to a lack of dimension-specific research. Aberrant excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission are implicated in both conditions, particularly in social dysfunction. This study investigates the extent to which the degree of autistic tendency and psychosis-proneness exclusively and interactively predict excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter concentrations in the superior temporal cortex (STC). In 38 adults (18 male, 18-40 years), we obtained autistic tendencies (Autism-Spectrum Quotient [AQ]) and psychosis-proneness scores (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire [PP]); magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) quantified glutamate and GABA+ concentrations from the STC. Results demonstrated a negative AQ/PP interaction with glutamate concentration for the left STC voxel, where PP increased with glutamate for average AQ, while AQ decreased with glutamate for average-high PP. There was a negative AQ/PP interaction with glutamate/GABA+ ratio for the right STC, AQ increasing with glutamate/GABA+ for low-average PP, while PP decreased with glutamate/GABA+ for high AQ. Consistent with animal studies, we also reveal that overall reduced glutamate/GABA+ ratio might be precipitated by increased right hemisphere GABA+ concentrations. These findings illustrate the importance of considering the concurrent effects of autism and psychosis dimensions on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in either condition, and can advance psychopharmacological research into better treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C Ford
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ahmad Abu-Akel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David P Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Betka S, Harris L, Rae C, Palfi B, Pfeifer G, Sequeira H, Duka T, Critchley H. Signatures of alcohol use in the structure and neurochemistry of insular cortex: a correlational study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2579-2591. [PMID: 31011757 PMCID: PMC6695346 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Insular cortex supports the representation of motivational feelings through the integration of interoceptive information concerning bodily physiology. Compromised insular integrity is implicated in alcohol and drug use disorders. Alcohol-associated insular dysfunction may arise through aberrant glutamatergic neurotransmission associated with selective neuronal death and atrophy. OBJECTIVE In a sample of alcohol users, we combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with voxel and surface-based morphometry (VBM, SBM) to test the hypothesis that the neurochemical and structural properties of the insula relate to alcohol use. METHODS Twenty-three healthy individuals were characterized by measures of alcohol use and subjective craving. Right mid-insula glutamate/glutamine (Glx) and total N-acetylaspartate/N-acetyl-aspartylglutamate (TNAA) concentrations were measured using MRS. Right insular structure was quantified using VBM and SBM parameters. We tested for predictive associations between these neuroimaging and behavioral/psychometric measures using Bayesian statistics. RESULTS Reduced insular Glx concentration was associated with increased alcohol compulsions and, to a lesser extent, with greater alcohol use severity. Anecdotal evidence for a negative relationship between alcohol use severity and levels of insular gyrification was also observed. CONCLUSIONS This study is, to date, the first characterization of the neurochemical and morphological integrity of insular cortex in alcohol users. Our data seem to reveal a negative relationship between alcohol use and the neurochemical and structural integrity of the insula, a critical substrate for motivational behavior. These neurobiological characteristics might contribute to loss of control toward compulsive drinking with prolonged and excessive alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Betka
- Trafford Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Clinical Imaging Science Centre, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
- University of Lille, SCALab, CNRS UMR 9193, 59045, Lille, France.
| | - Lisa Harris
- Radiological Science, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Charlotte Rae
- Trafford Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Clinical Imaging Science Centre, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Bence Palfi
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Gaby Pfeifer
- Trafford Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Clinical Imaging Science Centre, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK
| | | | - Theodora Duka
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Trafford Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Clinical Imaging Science Centre, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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125
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Quantitative Proton Spectroscopy of the Testes at 3 T: Toward a Noninvasive Biomarker of Spermatogenesis. Invest Radiol 2018; 53:87-95. [PMID: 28877046 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare testicular metabolite concentrations between fertile control subjects and infertile men. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) was performed in the testes with and without water suppression at 3 T in 9 fertile control subjects and 9 infertile patients (8 with azoospermia and 1 with oligospermia). In controls only, the T1 and T2 values of water and metabolites were also measured. Absolute metabolite concentrations were calculated using the unsuppressed water signal as a reference and correcting for the relative T1 and T2 weighting of the water and metabolite signals. RESULTS Testicular T1 values of water, total choline, and total creatine were 2028 ± 125 milliseconds, 1164 ± 105 milliseconds, and 1421 ± 314 milliseconds, respectively (mean ± standard deviation). T2 values were 154 ± 11 milliseconds, 342 ± 53 milliseconds, and 285 ± 167 milliseconds, respectively. Total choline concentration was lower in patients (mean, 1.5 mmol/L; range, 0.9-2.1 mmol/L) than controls (mean, 4.4 mmol/L; range, 3.2-5.7 mmol/L; P = 4 × 10). Total creatine concentration was likewise reduced in patients (mean, 1.1 mmol/L; range, undetectable -2.7 mmol/L) compared with controls (mean, 3.6 mmol/L; range, 2.5-4.7 mmol/L; P = 1.6 × 10). The myo-inositol signal normalized to the water reference was also lower in patients than controls (P = 4 × 10). CONCLUSIONS Testicular metabolite concentrations, measured by proton spectroscopy at 3 T, may be valuable as noninvasive biomarkers of spermatogenesis.
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Gordji-Nejad A, Matusch A, Li S, Kroll T, Beer S, Elmenhorst D, Bauer A. Phosphocreatine Levels in the Left Thalamus Decline during Wakefulness and Increase after a Nap. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10552-10565. [PMID: 30282723 PMCID: PMC6596250 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0865-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have hypothesized that the availability of phosphocreatine (PCr) and its ratio to inorganic phosphate (Pi) in cerebral tissue form a substrate of wakefulness. It follows then, according to this hypothesis, that the exhaustion of PCr and the decline in the ratio of PCr to Pi form a substrate of fatigue. We used 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to investigate quantitative levels of PCr, the γ-signal of ATP, and Pi in 30 healthy humans (18 female) in the morning, in the afternoon, and while napping (n = 15) versus awake controls (n = 10). Levels of PCr (2.40 mM at 9 A.M.) decreased by 7.0 ± 0.8% (p = 7.1 × 10-6, t = -5.5) in the left thalamus between 9 A.M. and 5 P.M. Inversely, Pi (0.74 mM at 9 A.M.) increased by 17.1 ± 5% (p = 0.005, t = 3.1) and pH levels dropped by 0.14 ± 0.07 (p = 0.002; t = 3.6). Following a 20 min nap after 5 P.M., local PCr, Pi, and pH were restored to morning levels. We did not find respective significant changes in the contralateral thalamus or in other investigated brain regions. Left hemispheric PCr was signficantly lower than right hemispheric PCr only at 5 P.M. in the thalamus and at all conditions in the temporal region. Thus, cerebral daytime-related and sleep-related molecular changes are accessible in vivo Prominent changes were identified in the thalamus. This region is heavily relied on for a series of energy-consuming tasks, such as the relay of sensory information to the cortex. Furthermore, our data confirm that lateralization of brain function is regionally dynamic and includes PCr.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The metabolites phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are assumed to inversely reflect the cellular energy load. This study detected a diurnal decrease of intracellular PCr and a nap-associated reincrease in the left thalamus. Pi behaved inversely. This outcome corroborates the role of the thalamus as a region of high energy consumption in agreement with its function as a gateway that relays and modulates information flow. Conversely to the dynamic lateralization of thalamic PCr, a constantly significant lateralization was observed in other regions. Increasing fatigue over the course of the day may also be a matter of cerebral energy supply. Comparatively fast restoration of that supply may be part of the biological basis for the recreational value of "power napping."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gordji-Nejad
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany,
| | - Andreas Matusch
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Shumei Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tina Kroll
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Beer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - David Elmenhorst
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, and
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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The Effect of a High-Dose Vitamin B Multivitamin Supplement on the Relationship between Brain Metabolism and Blood Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: A Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121860. [PMID: 30513795 PMCID: PMC6316433 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A diet rich in B-group vitamins is essential for optimal body and brain function, and insufficient amounts of such vitamins have been associated with higher levels of neural inflammation and oxidative stress, as marked by increased blood plasma homocysteine. Neural biomarkers of oxidative stress quantified through proton magnetic spectroscopy (1H-MRS) are not well understood, and the relationship between such neural and blood biomarkers is seldom studied. The current study addresses this gap by investigating the direct effect of 6-month high-dose B-group vitamin supplementation on neural and blood biomarkers of metabolism. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 32 healthy adults (20 female, 12 male) aged 30–65 years underwent blood tests (vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels) and 1H-MRS of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) before and after supplementation. Results confirmed the supplement was effective in increasing vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 levels and reducing homocysteine, whereas there was no change in folate levels. There were significant relationships between vitamin B6 and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, and creatine, as well as between vitamin B12 and creatine (ps < 0.05), whereas NAA in the PCC increased, albeit not significantly (p > 0.05). Together these data provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of high-dose B-group supplementation in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through increasing oxidative metabolism. It may also promote myelination, cellular metabolism, and energy storage.
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Wilson M. Robust retrospective frequency and phase correction for single-voxel MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:2878-2886. [PMID: 30417937 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Subject motion and static field (B0 ) drift are known to reduce the quality of single voxel MR spectroscopy data due to incoherent averaging. Retrospective correction has previously been shown to improve data quality by adjusting the phase and frequency offset of each average to match a reference spectrum. In this work, a new method (RATS) is developed to be tolerant to large frequency shifts (>7 Hz) and baseline instability resulting from inconsistent water suppression. METHODS In contrast to previous approaches, the variable-projection method and baseline fitting is incorporated into the correction procedure to improve robustness to fluctuating baseline signals and optimization instability. RATS is compared to an alternative method, based on time-domain spectral registration (TDSR), using simulated data to model frequency, phase, and baseline instability. In addition, a J-difference edited glutathione in-vivo dataset is processed using both approaches and compared. RESULTS RATS offers improved accuracy and stability for large frequency shifts and unstable baselines. Reduced subtraction artifacts are demonstrated for glutathione edited MRS when using RATS, compared with uncorrected or TDSR corrected spectra. CONCLUSIONS The RATS algorithm has been shown to provide accurate retrospective correction of SVS MRS data in the presence of large frequency shifts and baseline instability. The method is rapid, generic and therefore readily incorporated into MRS processing pipelines to improve lineshape, SNR, and aid quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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129
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Palombo M, Shemesh N, Ronen I, Valette J. Insights into brain microstructure from in vivo DW-MRS. Neuroimage 2018; 182:97-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be performed in vivo using commercial MRI systems to obtain biochemical information about tissues and cancers. Applications in brain, prostate and breast aid lesion detection and characterisation (differential diagnosis), treatment planning and response assessment. Multi-centre clinical trials have been performed in all these tissues. Single centre studies have been performed in many other tissues including cervix, uterus, musculoskeletal and liver. While generally MRS is used to study endogenous metabolites it has also been used in drug studies, for example those that include 19F as part of their structure. Recently the hyperpolarisation of compounds enriched with 13C such as [1-13C] pyruvate has been demonstrated in animal models and now in preliminary clinical studies, permitting the monitoring of biochemical processes with unprecedented sensitivity. This review briefly introduces the underlying methods and then discusses the current status of these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S Payne
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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131
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Reischauer C, Gutzeit A, Neuwirth C, Fuchs A, Sartoretti-Schefer S, Weber M, Czell D. In-vivo evaluation of neuronal and glial changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with diffusion tensor spectroscopy. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:993-1000. [PMID: 30317156 PMCID: PMC6190601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor spectroscopy (DTS) combines features of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging and permits evaluating cell-type specific properties of microstructure by probing the diffusion of intracellular metabolites. This exploratory study investigates for the first time microstructural changes in the neuronal and glial compartments of the brain of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using DTS. To this end, the diffusion properties of the neuronal metabolite tNAA (N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartylglutamate) and the predominantly glial metabolites tCr (creatine + phosphocreatine) and tCho (choline-containing compounds) were evaluated in the primary motor cortex of 24 ALS patients and 27 healthy controls. Significantly increased values in the diffusivities of all three metabolites were found in ALS patients relative to controls. Further analysis revealed more pronounced microstructural alterations in ALS patients with limb onset than with bulbar onset relative to controls. This observation may be related to the fact that the spectroscopic voxel was positioned in the part of the motor cortex where the motor functions of the limbs are represented. The higher diffusivities of tNAA may reflect neuronal damage and/or may be a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. Increased diffusivities of tCr and tCho are in line with reactive microglia and astrocytes surrounding degenerating motor neurons in the primary motor cortex of ALS patients. This pilot study demonstrates for the first time that cell-type specific microstructural alterations in the brain of ALS patients may be explored in vivo and non-invasively with DTS. In conjunction with other microstructural magnetic resonance imaging techniques, DTS may provide further insights into the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Reischauer
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Hirslanden Hospital St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Gutzeit
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Hirslanden Hospital St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Neuwirth
- Neuromoscular Disease Unit, ALS Clinic, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Fuchs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Weber
- Neuromoscular Disease Unit, ALS Clinic, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Czell
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Spital Linth, Uznach, Switzerland
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Kondo HM, Pressnitzer D, Shimada Y, Kochiyama T, Kashino M. Inhibition-excitation balance in the parietal cortex modulates volitional control for auditory and visual multistability. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14548. [PMID: 30267021 PMCID: PMC6162284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptual organisation must select one interpretation from several alternatives to guide behaviour. Computational models suggest that this could be achieved through an interplay between inhibition and excitation across competing types of neural population coding for each interpretation. Here, to test for such models, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure non-invasively the concentrations of inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory glutamate-glutamine (Glx) in several brain regions. Human participants first performed auditory and visual multistability tasks that produced spontaneous switching between percepts. Then, we observed that longer percept durations during behaviour were associated with higher GABA/Glx ratios in the sensory area coding for each modality. When participants were asked to voluntarily modulate their perception, a common factor across modalities emerged: the GABA/Glx ratio in the posterior parietal cortex tended to be positively correlated with the amount of effective volitional control. Our results provide direct evidence implicating that the balance between neural inhibition and excitation within sensory regions resolves perceptual competition. This powerful computational principle appears to be leveraged by both audition and vision, implemented independently across modalities, but modulated by an integrated control process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito M Kondo
- School of Psychology, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
- Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Daniel Pressnitzer
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, CNRS UMR 8248, Paris, France
- Département d'Études Cognitive, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Yasuhiro Shimada
- Brain Activity Imaging Center, ATR-Promotions, Seika-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Kochiyama
- Brain Activity Imaging Center, ATR-Promotions, Seika-cho, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Seika-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makio Kashino
- Sports Brain Science Project, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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PB11. Long term GABA alterations induced by anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in motor cortex: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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134
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Nagaraja BH, Debals O, Sima DM, Himmelreich U, De Lathauwer L, Van Huffel S. Tensor-Based Method for Residual Water Suppression in 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:584-594. [PMID: 29993479 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2850911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) signals are often corrupted by residual water and artifacts. Residual water suppression plays an important role in accurate and efficient quantification of metabolites from MRSI. A tensor-based method for suppressing residual water is proposed. METHODS A third-order tensor is constructed by stacking the Löwner matrices corresponding to each MRSI voxel spectrum along the third mode. A canonical polyadic decomposition is applied on the tensor to extract the water component and to, subsequently, remove it from the original MRSI signals. RESULTS The proposed method applied on both simulated and in-vivo MRSI signals showed good water suppression performance. CONCLUSION The tensor-based Löwner method has better performance in suppressing residual water in MRSI signals as compared to the widely used subspace-based Hankel singular value decomposition method. SIGNIFICANCE A tensor method suppresses residual water simultaneously from all the voxels in the MRSI grid and helps in preventing the failure of the water suppression in single voxels.
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135
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Martel D, Leporq B, Bruno M, Regatte RR, Honig S, Chang G. Chemical shift-encoded MRI for assessment of bone marrow adipose tissue fat composition: Pilot study in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 53:148-155. [PMID: 30006022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT To quantify and compare subregional proximal femur bone marrow fat composition in premenopausal and postmenopausal women using chemical shift-encoded-MRI (CSE-MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi gradient-echo sequence at 3 T was used to scan both hips of premenopausal (n = 9) and postmenopausal (n = 18) women. Subregional fat composition (saturation, poly-unsaturation, mono-unsaturation) was quantitatively assessed in the femoral head, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, greater trochanter, and proximal shaft in bone marrow adipose tissue and separately within red and yellow marrow adipose tissue. RESULTS Significant differences in fat composition in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women, which varied depending on the subregion analyzed, were found. Within both whole and yellow marrow adipose tissue, postmenopausal women demonstrated higher saturation (+14.7% to +43.3%), lower mono- (-11.4% to -33%) and polyunsaturation (-52 to -83%) (p < 0.05). Within red marrow adipose tissue, postmenopausal women demonstrated lower fat quantity (-16% to -24%) and decreased polyunsaturation (-80 to -120%) in the femoral neck, greater trochanter, and Ward's triangle (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CSE-MRI can be used to detect subregional differences in proximal femur marrow adipose tissue composition between pre- and post-menopausal women in clinically feasible scan times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Martel
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Benjamin Leporq
- University of Lyon, Laboratoire CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA-Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, UCBL Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mary Bruno
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ravinder R Regatte
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Honig
- Osteoporosis Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Chang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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Glutamate quantification by PRESS or MEGA-PRESS: Validation, repeatability, and concordance. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:107-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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137
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Briend F, Nathou C, Kauffmann F, Delcroix N, Lecardeur L, Etard O, Dollfus S. Theta burst stimulation on social cognition and N-Acetyl aspartate in two patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 274:31-32. [PMID: 29500100 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Briend
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), EA 7466, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C Nathou
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), EA 7466, 14000 Caen, France; Service de Psychiatrie adulte, Centre Esquirol, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - F Kauffmann
- UMR6139 LMNO, Normandie Univ, Avenue de Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - N Delcroix
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS UMS 3408, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - L Lecardeur
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), EA 7466, 14000 Caen, France; Service de Psychiatrie adulte, Centre Esquirol, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - O Etard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), EA 7466, 14000 Caen, France; Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - S Dollfus
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques de la Schizophrénie (ISTS), EA 7466, 14000 Caen, France; Service de Psychiatrie adulte, Centre Esquirol, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France.
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138
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Carlin D, Babourina-Brooks B, Davies NP, Wilson M, Peet AC. Variation of T 2 relaxation times in pediatric brain tumors and their effect on metabolite quantification. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:195-203. [PMID: 29697883 PMCID: PMC6492201 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolite concentrations are fundamental biomarkers of disease and prognosis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive method for measuring metabolite concentrations; however, quantitation is affected by T2 relaxation. Purpose To estimate T2 relaxation times in pediatric brain tumors and assess how variation in T2 relaxation affects metabolite quantification. Study Type Retrospective. Population Twenty‐seven pediatric brain tumor patients (n = 17 pilocytic astrocytoma and n = 10 medulloblastoma) and 24 age‐matched normal controls. Field Strength/Sequence Short‐ (30 msec) and long‐echo (135 msec) single‐voxel MRS acquired at 1.5T. Assessment T2 relaxation times were estimated by fitting signal amplitudes at two echo times to a monoexponential decay function and were used to correct metabolite concentration estimates for relaxation effects. Statistical Tests One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on ranks were used to analyze the mean T2 relaxation times and metabolite concentrations for each tissue group and paired Mann–Whitney U‐tests were performed. Results The mean T2 relaxation of water was measured as 181 msec, 123 msec, 90 msec, and 86 msec in pilocytic astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, basal ganglia, and white matter, respectively. The T2 of water was significantly longer in both tumor groups than normal brain (P < 0.001) and in pilocytic astrocytomas compared with medulloblastomas (P < 0.01). The choline T2 relaxation time was significantly longer in medulloblastomas compared with pilocytic astrocytomas (P < 0.05), while the T2 relaxation time of NAA was significantly shorter in pilocytic astrocytomas compared with normal brain (P < 0.001). Overall, the metabolite concentrations were underestimated by ∼22% when default T2 values were used compared with case‐specific T2 values at short echo time. The difference was reduced to 4% when individually measured water T2s were used. Data Conclusion Differences exist in water and metabolite T2 relaxation times for pediatric brain tumors, which lead to significant underestimation of metabolite concentrations when using default water T2 relaxation times. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:195–203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Carlin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ben Babourina-Brooks
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Nigel P Davies
- Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Imaging and Medical Physics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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139
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Broadband NIRS Cerebral Cytochrome-C-Oxidase Response to Anoxia Before and After Hypoxic-Ischaemic Injury in Piglets. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1072:151-156. [PMID: 30178338 PMCID: PMC6142853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic ischaemic (HI) encephalopathy is associated with severe neurodevelopment problems and mortality. This study uses broadband continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess the early changes in cerebral oxygenation and metabolism after HI injury in an animal model using controlled anoxia events. Anoxia was induced before and 1 h after various levels of HI injury to assess the metabolic response via the changes in the oxidation state of cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO), a marker of oxidative metabolism. The oxCCO responses to anoxia were classified into five categories: increase, no change, decrease, biphasic and triphasic responses. The most common response (54%) was a biphasic decrease in oxCCO. A change in the classification of the metabolic response to anoxia after HI injury indicated a severe injury, as determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, with 86% sensitivity. This shows that broadband NIRS can identify disturbances to cerebral metabolism in the first hours after severe HI injury.
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140
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Babourina-Brooks B, Kohe S, Gill SK, MacPherson L, Wilson M, Davies NP, Peet AC. Glycine: a non-invasive imaging biomarker to aid magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the prediction of survival in paediatric brain tumours. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18858-18868. [PMID: 29721167 PMCID: PMC5922361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric brain tumours have a high mortality rate and are the most common solid tumour of childhood. Identification of high risk patients may allow for better treatment stratification. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) provides a non-invasive measure of brain tumour metabolism and quantifies metabolite survival markers to aid in the clinical management of patients. Glycine can be identified using MRS and has been recently found to be important for cancer cell proliferation in tumours making it a valuable prognostic marker. The aims of this study were to investigate glycine and its added value to MRS as a prognostic marker for paediatric brain tumours in a clinical setting. 116 children with newly diagnosed brain tumours were examined with short echo-time MRS at the Birmingham Children’s Hospital and followed up for five years. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression on the entire metabolite basis set with focus on glycine and three other established survival markers for comparison: n-acetylaspartate, scyllo-inositol and lipids at 1.3 ppm. Multivariate Cox regression was used in conjunction with risk values to establish if glycine added prognostic power when combined to the established survival markers. Glycine was found to be a marker of poor prognosis in the cohort (p < 0.05) and correlated with tumour grade (p < 0.01). The addition of glycine improved the prognostic power of MRS compared to using the combination of established survival markers alone. Tumour glycine was found to improve the MRS prediction of reduced survival in paediatric brain tumours aiding the non-invasive assessment of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Babourina-Brooks
- School of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK.,Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Kohe
- School of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK.,Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simrandip K Gill
- School of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK.,Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Davies
- Medical Physics and Imaging, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew C Peet
- School of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK.,Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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141
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Webb EA, Elliott L, Carlin D, Wilson M, Hall K, Netherton J, Reed J, Barrett TG, Salwani V, Clayden JD, Arlt W, Krone N, Peet AC, Wood AG. Quantitative Brain MRI in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: In Vivo Assessment of the Cognitive and Structural Impact of Steroid Hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1330-1341. [PMID: 29165577 PMCID: PMC6018658 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Context Brain white matter hyperintensities are seen on routine clinical imaging in 46% of adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The extent and functional relevance of these abnormalities have not been studied with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis. Objective To examine white matter microstructure, neural volumes, and central nervous system (CNS) metabolites in CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) and to determine whether identified abnormalities are associated with cognition, glucocorticoid, and androgen exposure. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital including 19 women (18 to 50 years) with 21OHD and 19 age-matched healthy women. Main Outcome Measure Recruits underwent cognitive assessment and brain imaging, including diffusion weighted imaging of white matter, T1-weighted volumetry, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for neural metabolites. We evaluated white matter microstructure by using tract-based spatial statistics. We compared cognitive scores, neural volumes, and metabolites between groups and relationships between glucocorticoid exposure, MRI, and neurologic outcomes. Results Patients with 21OHD had widespread reductions in white matter structural integrity, reduced volumes of right hippocampus, bilateral thalami, cerebellum, and brainstem, and reduced mesial temporal lobe total choline content. Working memory, processing speed, and digit span and matrix reasoning scores were reduced in patients with 21OHD, despite similar education and intelligence to controls. Patients with 21OHD exposed to higher glucocorticoid doses had greater abnormalities in white matter microstructure and cognitive performance. Conclusion We demonstrate that 21OHD and current glucocorticoid replacement regimens have a profound impact on brain morphology and function. If reversible, these CNS markers are a potential target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Webb
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Elliott
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Carlin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Hall
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Netherton
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Reed
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tim G Barrett
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Salwani
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jon D Clayden
- Developmental Imaging & Biophysics Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Krone
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda G Wood
- School Life and Health Sciences & Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Child Neuropsychology, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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142
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Milani ACC, Foerster B, Cogo-Moreira H, Farias TMDB, Salido F, Carrete H, Mello MF, Jackowski AP. A Longitudinal 1H-MRS Study of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Child and Adolescent Victims of Multiple Forms of Violence. CHRONIC STRESS 2018; 2:2470547018763359. [PMID: 32440581 PMCID: PMC7219876 DOI: 10.1177/2470547018763359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The anterior cingulate gyrus is involved in the extinction of conditioned fear responses and is implicated in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. The expression of N-acetylaspartate and choline may be altered in the anterior cingulate gyri of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Methods We conducted a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study, longitudinally investigating N-acetylaspartate/creatine and choline/creatine ratios in the anterior cingulate gyri of children and adolescents, aged from 8 to 12 years, who had been exposed to various forms of violence or were non-trauma control. Based on baseline posttraumatic stress symptoms ("sub-clinical"), participants were divided into two groups: posttraumatic stress (n = 19) and control (n = 19). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans were repeated a year later in trauma exposed participants. Trauma assessments included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results Exploratory analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between follow-up anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores in posttraumatic stress (r = -0.62, p = 0.01) but not control group (r = 0.16, p = 0.66). However, we found no significant differences in anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine or choline/creatine between posttraumatic stress and control. In addition, there were no significant effects of time, group, or time-by-group interactions. Conclusions In this pediatric population, anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine and choline/creatine were not affected by posttraumatic stress and on average these metabolites remained stable over time. However, the study provided intriguing preliminary evidence revealing that participants suffering from posttraumatic stress at baseline have shown, a year later, reduced anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine among those with high trauma severity. This pilot evidence warrants replication in future studies to confirm these findings and to determine the longitudinal effects and interactions between childhood posttraumatic stress and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Foerster
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Salido
- 2Department of Radiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Carrete
- 2Department of Radiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Feijo Mello
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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143
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Koizumi A, Lau H, Shimada Y, Kondo HM. The effects of neurochemical balance in the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on volitional control under irrelevant distraction. Conscious Cogn 2018; 59:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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144
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Deelchand DK, Kantarci K, Öz G. Improved localization, spectral quality, and repeatability with advanced MRS methodology in the clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:1241-1250. [PMID: 28618085 PMCID: PMC5760483 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the utility of an advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) protocol in the clinical setting, and to compare the localization accuracy, spectral quality, and quantification repeatability between this advanced and the conventional vendor-provided MRS protocol on a clinical 3T platform. METHODS Proton spectra were measured from the posterior cingulate cortices in 30 healthy elderly subjects by clinical MR technologists using a vendor-provided (point resolved spectroscopy with advanced 3D gradient-echo B0 shimming) and an advanced (semi-LASER with FAST(EST)MAP shimming) protocol, in random order. Spectra were quantified with LCModel using standard pipelines for the clinical and research settings, respectively. RESULTS The advanced protocol outperformed the vendor-provided protocol in localization accuracy (chemical-shift-displacement error: 2.0%/ppm, semi-LASER versus 11.6%/ppm, point resolved spectroscopy), spectral quality (water linewidth: 6.1 ± 1.8 Hz, FAST(EST)MAP versus 10.5 ± 3.7 Hz, 3D gradient echo; P < 7e-6; residual water: 0.08 ± 0.12%, VAPOR versus 0.45 ± 0.50%, WET; P < 2e-5) and within-session repeatability of metabolite concentrations, particularly of low signal-to-noise ratio data with two to eight averages (test-retest coefficients of variance of metabolite concentrations, P < 0.01). Concentrations of J-coupled metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate were biased when using the default pipeline with simulated macromolecules. CONCLUSIONS The quality of MRS data can be improved using advanced acquisition and analysis protocols on standard 3T hardware in the clinical setting, which can facilitate robust applications in central nervous system diseases. Magn Reson Med 79:1241-1250, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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145
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Eddowes PJ, McDonald N, Davies N, Semple SIK, Kendall TJ, Hodson J, Newsome PN, Flintham RB, Wesolowski R, Blake L, Duarte RV, Kelly CJ, Herlihy AH, Kelly MD, Olliff SP, Hübscher SG, Fallowfield JA, Hirschfield GM. Utility and cost evaluation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:631-644. [PMID: 29271504 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validated diagnostic tools that are accurate, cost effective and acceptable to patients are required for disease stratification and monitoring in NAFLD. AIMS To investigate the performance and cost of multiparametric MRI alongside existing biomarkers in the assessment of NAFLD. METHODS Adult patients undergoing standard of care liver biopsy for NAFLD were prospectively recruited at two UK liver centres and underwent multiparametric MRI, blood sampling and transient elastography withing 2 weeks of liver biopsy. Non-invasive markers were compared to histology as the gold standard. RESULTS Data were obtained in 50 patients and 6 healthy volunteers. Corrected T1 (cT1) correlated with NAFLD activity score (ρ = 0.514, P < .001). cT1, enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test and liver stiffness differentiated patients with simple steatosis and NASH with AUROC (95% CI) of 0.69 (0.50-0.88), 0.87 (0.77-0.79) and 0.82 (0.70-0.94) respectively and healthy volunteers from patients with AUROC (95% CI) of 0.93 (0.86-1.00), 0.81 (0.69-0.92) and 0.89 (0.77-1.00) respectively. For the risk stratification of NAFLD, multiparametric MRI could save £150,218 per 1000 patients compared to biopsy. Multiparametric MRI did not discriminate between individual histological fibrosis stages in this population (P = .068). CONCLUSIONS Multiparametric MRI accurately identified patients with steatosis, stratifies those with NASH or simple steatosis and reliably excludes clinically significant liver disease with superior negative predictive value (83.3%) to liver stiffness (42.9%) and ELF (57.1%). For the risk stratification of NAFLD, multiparametric MRI was cost effective and, combined with transient elastography, had the lowest cost per correct diagnosis.
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146
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Jalali R, Chowdhury A, Wilson M, Miall RC, Galea JM. Neural changes associated with cerebellar tDCS studied using MR spectroscopy. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:997-1006. [PMID: 29404634 PMCID: PMC5887008 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anodal cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is known to enhance motor learning, and therefore, has been suggested to hold promise as a therapeutic intervention. However, the neural mechanisms underpinning the effects of cerebellar tDCS are currently unknown. We investigated the neural changes associated with cerebellar tDCS using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). 34 healthy participants were divided into two groups which received either concurrent anodal or sham cerebellar tDCS during a visuomotor adaptation task. The anodal group underwent an additional session involving MRS in which the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters: GABA and glutamate (Glu) were measured pre-, during, and post anodal cerebellar tDCS, but without the behavioural task. We found no significant group-level changes in GABA or glutamate during- or post-tDCS compared to pre-tDCS levels, however, there was large degree of variability across participants. Although cerebellar tDCS did not affect visuomotor adaptation, surprisingly cerebellar tDCS increased motor memory retention with this being strongly correlated with a decrease in cerebellar glutamate levels during tDCS across participants. This work provides novel insights regarding the neural mechanisms which may underlie cerebellar tDCS, but also reveals limitations in the ability to produce robust effects across participants and between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Jalali
- Physical Sciences of Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences (PSIBS), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. .,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Alimul Chowdhury
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Medical Physics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - R Chris Miall
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joseph M Galea
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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147
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Quantification Using Deep Learning. MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER ASSISTED INTERVENTION – MICCAI 2018 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00928-1_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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148
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Dietary guanidinoacetic acid does not accumulate in the brain of healthy men. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:3003-3005. [PMID: 29255931 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a secondary analysis of a previously completed trial to determine the effects of 8-week guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) loading on brain GAA levels in five healthy men. Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was taken at baseline and post-administration, with spectra additionally analyzed for brain GAA and glutamate concentrations using TARQUIN 4.3.10 software. Brain GAA levels remained essentially unchanged at follow-up (an increase of 7.7% from baseline levels; 95% confidence interval, - 24.1% to 39.5%; P = 0.88) when averaged across 12 white and grey matter voxel locations. No significant changes were found for brain glutamate levels during the study (P = 0.64). Supplemental GAA appears to be safe intervention concerning brain GAA deposition, at least with GAA dosages used.
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149
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Raschke F, Noeske R, Dineen RA, Auer DP. Measuring Cerebral and Cerebellar Glutathione in Children Using 1H MEGA-PRESS MRS. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 39:375-379. [PMID: 29242361 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glutathione is an important antioxidant in the human brain and therefore of interest in neurodegenerative disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of measuring glutathione in healthy nonsedated children by using the 1H Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence at 3T and to compare glutathione levels between the medial parietal gray matter and the cerebellum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glutathione was measured using MEGA-PRESS MRS (TR = 1.8 seconds, TE = 131 ms) in the parietal gray matter (35 × 25 × 20 mm3) of 6 healthy children (10.0 ± 2.4 years of age; range, 7-14 years; 3 males) and in the cerebellum of 11 healthy children (12.0 ± 2.7 years of age; range, 7-16 years; 6 males). A postprocessing pipeline was developed to account for frequency and phase variations in the edited ON and nonedited OFF spectra. Metabolites were quantified with LCModel and reported both as ratios and water-scaled values. Glutathione was quantified in the ON-OFF spectra, whereas total NAA, total Cho, total Cr, mIns, Glx, and taurine were quantified in the OFF spectra. RESULTS We found significantly higher glutathione, total Cho, total Cr, mIns, and taurine in the cerebellum (P < .01). Glx and total NAA were significantly higher in the parietal gray matter (P < .01). There was no significant difference in glutathione/total Cr (P = .93) between parietal gray matter and cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that glutathione measurement in nonsedated children is feasible. We found significantly higher glutathione in the cerebellum compared with the parietal gray matter. Metabolite differences between the parietal gray matter and cerebellum agree with published MRS data in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Raschke
- From the National Center for Tumor Diseases (F.R.), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (F.R.), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (F.R.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf (F.R.), Dresden, Germany
| | - R Noeske
- GE Healthcare (R.N.), Applied Science Lab Europe, Berlin, Germany
| | - R A Dineen
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre (R.A.D., D.P.A.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK .,Radiological Sciences, (R.A.D., D.P.A.), Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (R.A.D., D.P.A.), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - D P Auer
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre (R.A.D., D.P.A.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Radiological Sciences, (R.A.D., D.P.A.), Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (R.A.D., D.P.A.), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
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150
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Online effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on prefrontal metabolites in gambling disorder. Neuropharmacology 2017; 131:51-57. [PMID: 29221791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gambling disorder is characterized by persistent maladaptive gambling behaviors and is now considered among substance-related and addictive disorders. There is still unmet therapeutic need for these clinical populations, however recent advances indicate that interventions targeting the Glutamatergic/GABAergic system hold promise in reducing symptoms in substance-related and addictive disorders, including gambling disorder. There is some data indicating that transcranial direct current stimulation may hold clinical benefits in substance use disorders and modulate levels of brain metabolites including glutamate and GABA. The goal of the present work was to test whether this non-invasive neurostimulation method modulates key metabolites in gambling disorder. We conducted a sham-controlled, crossover, randomized study, blinded at two levels in order to characterize the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on neural metabolites levels in sixteen patients with gambling disorder. Metabolite levels were measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy from the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right striatum during active and sham stimulation. Active as compared to sham stimulation elevated prefrontal GABA levels. There were no significant changes between stimulation conditions in prefrontal glutamate + glutamine and N-acetyl Aspartate, or in striatal metabolite levels. Results also indicated positive correlations between metabolite levels during active, but not sham, stimulation and levels of risk taking, impulsivity and craving. Our findings suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation can modulate GABA levels in patients with gambling disorder which may represent an interesting future therapeutic avenue.
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