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Nishihira VSK, Fontana BD, Ianiski FR, de Almeida HS, Posser CP, Dias JB, Parodi CB, Piva MM, Gris A, Mendes RE, Duarte MMMF, Sagrillo MR, Luchese C, Rech VC, Vaucher RA. PEGylated meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules reverse in vitro damage on caspase activity and do not induce toxicity in cultured human lymphocytes and mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1259-1267. [PMID: 30257340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Meloxicam is an anti-inflammatory drug that has a potential protective effect in many common diseases. However, this molecule is quickly eliminated from the body due to it short half-life. One way to overcome this problem is to incorporate meloxicam into lipid-core nanocapsules which may increase it anti-inflammatory effects. In view of this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential toxicity and safety of these novel nanomaterials both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we evaluated the effects of uncoated meloxicam-loaded nanocapsules (M-NC), uncoated and not loaded with meloxicam or blank (B-NC), PEGylated meloxicam-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (M-NCPEG), blank PEGylated lipid-core nanocapsules (B-NCPEG) and free meloxicam (M-F) in vitro through the analysis of cell viability, caspase activity assays and gene expression of perforin and granzyme B. Meanwhile, the in vivo safety was assessed using C57BL/6 mice that received nanocapsules for seven days. Thus, no change in cell viability was observed after treatments. Furthermore, M-NC, M-NCPEG and M-F groups reversed the damage caused by H2O2 on caspase-1, 3 and 8 activities. Overall, in vivo results showed a safe profile of these nanocapsules including hematological, biochemical, histological and genotoxicity analysis. In conclusion, we observed that meloxicam nanocapsules present a safe profile to use in future studies with this experimental protocol and partially reverse in vitro damage caused by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian S K Nishihira
- Laboratório de Nanociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, CEP 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara D Fontana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
| | - Francine R Ianiski
- Fundação Educacional Machado de Assis, Santa Rosa, CEP 98780-109, RS, Brazil
| | - Hemilaine S de Almeida
- Laboratório de Cultura Celular, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, CEP 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Christopher P Posser
- Laboratório de Cultura Celular, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, CEP 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane B Dias
- Laboratório de Nanociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, CEP 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Crystian B Parodi
- Laboratório de Nanociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, CEP 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoela M Piva
- Bloco de Patologia Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia, CEP 89700-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Anderson Gris
- Bloco de Patologia Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia, CEP 89700-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo E Mendes
- Bloco de Patologia Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia, CEP 89700-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Marta M M F Duarte
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Luterana, Canoas, CEP 92425-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele R Sagrillo
- Laboratório de Nanociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, CEP 97010-032, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Cultura Celular, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, CEP 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biopropecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Virginia C Rech
- Laboratório de Nanociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, CEP 97010-032, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo A Vaucher
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biopropecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos (LaPeBBioM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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102
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Zhang S, Chen H, Wang A, Liu Y, Hou H, Hu Q. Combined effects of co-exposure to formaldehyde and acrolein mixtures on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25306-25314. [PMID: 29946839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
FA (formaldehyde) and ACR (acrolein) are common pollutants in environment, which often occur together in air. So, adverse health effects may not only result from their individual toxicity but also from the combined toxicity. While often studied alone, combination effects of these pollutants are inconclusive. Here, we examined the combined cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of FA and ACR on A549 cells based on CCK-8 assay, comet assay, and cytokinesis-block micronuclei assay. FA and ACR mixtures showed significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity even at NOECs (no observed effect concentrations). Moreover, FA and ACR administrated jointly at doses from NOECs to sub-cytotoxic concentrations demonstrated significant interactions in cytotoxicity, DNA strand breaks, and chromosome damage. Co-exposure to FA and ACR significantly showed a lower responses on DNA strand break and chromosome damage than those expected for additivity, while an opposite result was obtained on cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results indicated that there was significant interactions on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity for FA and ACR, and prolonged exposure to mixtures of FA and ACR below sub-cytotoxic concentrations can produce a serious threat in human's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - An Wang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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103
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Flow cytometry in peripheral blood reticulocytes as a marker of chromosome instability in highgrade glioma patients. BIOMEDICA 2018; 38:379-387. [PMID: 30335243 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i4.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The quantification of chromosomal instability is an important parameter to assess genotoxicity and radiosensitivity. Most conventional techniques require cell cultures or laborious microscopic analyses of chromosomes or nuclei. However, a flow cytometry that selects the reticulocytes has been developed as an alternative for in vivo studies, which expedites the analytical procedures and increases up to 20 times the number of target cells to be analyzed.
Objectives: To standardize the flow cytometry parameters for selecting and quantifying the micronucleated reticulocytesCD71+ (MN-RET) from freshly drawn peripheral blood and to quantify the frequency of this abnormal cell subpopulation as a measure of cytogenetic instability in populations of healthy volunteers (n =25), and patients (n=25), recently diagnosed with high-grade gliomas before the onset of treatment.
Materials and methods: Blood cells were methanol-fixed and labeled with anti-CD-71-PE for reticulocytes, antiCD-61-FITC for platelet exclusion, and propidium iodide for DNA detection in reticulocytes. The MN-RETCD71+ cell fraction was selected and quantified with an automatic flow cytometer.
Results: The standardization of cytometry parameters was described in detail, emphasizing the selection and quantification of the MN-RETCD71+ cellular fraction. The micronuclei basal level was established in healthy controls. In patients, a 5.2-fold increase before the onset of treatment was observed (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The data showed the usefulness of flow cytometry coupled with anti-CD-71-PE and anti-CD-61-FITC labeling in circulating reticulocytes as an efficient and high resolution method to quantify chromosome instability in vivo. Finally, possible reasons for the higher average of micronuclei in RETCD71+ cells from untreated high-grade glioma patients were discussed.
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104
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Tolouei SEL, Traesel GK, Freitas de Lima F, Souza de Araújo FH, Honaiser Lescano C, Cardoso CAL, Oesterreich SA, Vieira MDC. Cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic evaluation of Alibertia edulis (rich.) a. Rich. ex DC: an indigenous species from Brazil. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:200-207. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1488862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giseli Karenina Traesel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Freitas de Lima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Souza de Araújo
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria do Carmo Vieira
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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105
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Genotoxicity and Hemocompatibility of a Novel Calcium Aluminate-Based Cement. Eur Endod J 2018; 3:87-92. [PMID: 32161862 PMCID: PMC7006562 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2018.43531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the genotoxicity and hemocompatibility of a novel calcium aluminate-based cement, EndoBinder (EB) (Binderware, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) and compare it with Angelus White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) (AWMTA) (Angelus, Soluções Odontológicas, Londrina, PR, Brazil). Methods: For evaluation of genotoxicity, a comet assay was performed with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that had been grown for 24 h in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium incubated with each of the cements for 24 h at 37°C. DNA percentage in head and Olive tail moment were analyzed. For assessment of hemocompatibility, erythrocyte lysis quantification, and concentration of plasma fibrinogen were determined in human blood samples placed in contact with each of the materials. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey test and Student t-test were used for data analysis of genotoxicity and hemocompatibility, respectively. Results: Results showed that the genotoxic effects of EB and AWMTA were comparable to that of the negative control, with no statistically significant differences between AWMTA and negative control (P>0.05). Compared to AWMTA, EB showed greater hemolytic potential when placed in direct contact with erythrocytes (P<0.05). Fibrinogen values were low for both materials, with protein concentration being greater in samples exposed to EB than to AWMTA. Conclusion: Both materials presented a higher hemolytic behaviour compared to what is established by international standards. Fibrinogen formation was low for both materials, and DNA damage induction was not observed in a comet assay.
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106
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Selective cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of 5-(2-bromo-5-methoxybenzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione against NCI-H292 human lung carcinoma cells. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:446-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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107
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Iturburu FG, Simoniello MF, Medici S, Panzeri AM, Menone ML. Imidacloprid Causes DNA Damage in Fish: Clastogenesis as a Mechanism of Genotoxicity. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:760-764. [PMID: 29663041 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are one of the most widely used insecticides in the world. DNA damage is considered an early biological effect which could lead to reproductive and carcinogenic effects. The present study aimed to evaluate DNA damage and bases oxidation as a mechanism of genotoxicity, on the freshwater fish Australoheros facetus acutely exposed to imidacloprid (IMI). The Comet assay with the nuclease ENDO III enzyme was performed for detecting pyrimidine bases oxidation using blood samples. Micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities frequencies were also quantified. A significant increase of damage index at 100 and 1000 µg/L IMI was detected; while ENDO III score increased from 1 to 1000 µg/L IMI; varying both in a linear concentration-response manner. MN frequency increased in fish exposed to 1000 µg/L IMI. These results show that short-term exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations of IMI could affect the genetic integrity of fishes through oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Iturburu
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC)- UNMDP, CONICET, Facultad Cs. Ex. y Nat., Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo. C.C. 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sandra Medici
- Fares Taie Instituto de Análisis, Magallanes 3019, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana M Panzeri
- Laboratorio de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC)- UNMDP, CONICET, Facultad Cs. Ex. y Nat., Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta L Menone
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC)- UNMDP, CONICET, Facultad Cs. Ex. y Nat., Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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108
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Kampke EH, de Souza Barroso ME, Marques FM, Fronza M, Scherer R, Lemos MF, Campagnaro BP, Gomes LC. Genotoxic effect of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown essential oil on fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and mammal (Mus musculus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:163-171. [PMID: 29605588 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
"Erva cidreira" (Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown) is popular for its therapeutic properties, especially its sedative properties. Such properties led to the discovery of the anesthetic action of Lippia alba essential oil in fish culture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of Lippia alba essential oil in fish and mammals. The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), where the compounds linalool, eucalyptol, γ-muurolene, and caryophyllene were identified as the most abundant compounds. Lippia alba essential oil showed inhibitory activity on LPS-stimulated Nitric Oxide (NO) production (77% at 20 μg mL-1) in RAW 264.7 macrophages without influence cellular viability. Genotoxic action was observed by micronucleus and comet assay in the doses 100, 200 and 300 mg Kg-1, showing greater damage to fish than mammals. When we compared the treatment modes, greater damage was observed in the treatment by inhalation, but this was still not toxic. The oxidative stress measured by quantification of advanced oxidation protein products revealed low oxidation but significantly more harm than the control. These findings support the use of Lippia alba essential oil as an anesthetic for fish without harm to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Hell Kampke
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Franciane Martins Marques
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Fronza
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mayara Fumiere Lemos
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Prandi Campagnaro
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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109
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Soares GR, de Moura CFG, Silva MJD, Vilegas W, Santamarina AB, Pisani LP, Estadella D, Ribeiro DA. Protective effects of purple carrot extract (Daucus carota) against rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Med Oncol 2018; 35:54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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110
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Intranuovo G, Schiavulli N, Cavone D, Birtolo F, Cocco P, Vimercati L, Macinagrossa L, Giordano A, Perrone T, Ingravallo G, Mazza P, Strusi M, Spinosa C, Specchia G, Ferri GM. Assessment of DNA damages in lymphocytes of agricultural workers exposed to pesticides by comet assay in a cross-sectional study. Biomarkers 2018; 23:462-473. [PMID: 29493297 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1443513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the predictive power of the comet assay in the context of occupational exposure to pesticides. MATERIALS AND METHODS The recruited subjects completed a structured questionnaire and gave a blood sample. Exposure to pesticides was measured by means of an algorithm based on Dosemeci's work (Agricultural Health Study). Approximately 50 images were analyzed for each sample via fluorescence microscopy. The extent of DNA damage was estimated by tail moment (TM) and is the product of tail DNA (%) and tail Length. RESULTS Crude significant risks (odds ratios, ORs) for values higher than the 75th percentile of TM were observed among the exposed subjects (score > 1). The frequency of some confounding factors (sex, age and smoking) was significantly higher among the exposed workers. A significant dose-effect relationship was observed between TM and exposure score. Significant high-risk estimates (ORs), adjusted by the studied confounding factors, among exposure to pesticides and TM, % tail DNA and tail length were confirmed using unconditional logistic regression models. CONCLUSIONS The adjusted associations (ORs) between the comet parameters and exposure to pesticides were significant. The sensitivity of the comet test was low (41%), the specificity (89%) and the predictive positive value (0.77) were found acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Intranuovo
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Nunzia Schiavulli
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Domenica Cavone
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Francesco Birtolo
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- b Department of Public Health , Clinic and Molecular Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Regional University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari , Monserrato (Cagliari) , Italy
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Linda Macinagrossa
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Annamaria Giordano
- c Department of Haematology and Organ Transplantation (DETO) , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Haematology, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Tommasina Perrone
- c Department of Haematology and Organ Transplantation (DETO) , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Haematology, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- c Department of Haematology and Organ Transplantation (DETO) , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Haematology, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Patrizio Mazza
- d ASL of Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unit of Haematology , Taranto , Italy
| | - Michela Strusi
- d ASL of Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unit of Haematology , Taranto , Italy
| | - Caterina Spinosa
- d ASL of Taranto, Moscati Hospital, Unit of Haematology , Taranto , Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- c Department of Haematology and Organ Transplantation (DETO) , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Haematology, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Giovanni M Ferri
- a Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section "B. Ramazzini" , University Hospital "Policlinico", Unit of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
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111
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Hematological Abnormality, Oxidative Stress, and Genotoxicity Induction in the Greenhouse Pesticide Sprayers; Investigating the Role of NQO1 Gene Polymorphism. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6010013. [PMID: 29414880 PMCID: PMC5874786 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture represents a threat to the human populations exposed to them. In this cross-sectional study, the hematological and biochemical parameters, plasma cholinesterase (PChE) activity, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T polymorphism were measured in 100 greenhouse workers occupationally exposed to pesticide mixture and 104 normal healthy controls. There was a decrease in erythrocytes (5.45%, p = 0.026) and hemoglobin (3.26%, p = 0.025), and an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (3.54%, p = 0.013) in the exposed workers. Sprayers showed a reduction in PChE (23%) and GSH (50%) levels, and an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) (55%), protein carbonyl (145%), Superoxide dismutase activity (61%), and total antioxidant capacity (35%) (p < 0.001 for all parameters but LPO: p = 0.009). Genotoxicity parameters were significantly high in the exposed cases (for all parameters: p < 0.001 but tail length: p = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between oxidative stress and genotoxicity parameters, and also between these biomarkers and PChE activity. The NQO1 C609T polymorphism was not significantly associated with studied biomarkers. The findings indicate that occupational exposure to a mixture of pesticides can induce hematotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in greenhouse workers.
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112
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Investigation of in vitro genotoxic effects of an anti-diabetic drug sitagliptin. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:235-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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113
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Oreščanin V, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay parameters in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population: Contribution of age, sex, seasonal variations and lifestyle factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:561-570. [PMID: 29127818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay was used to evaluate the baseline frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population (average age, 38.28 ± 12.83 years) in relation to age, sex, body mass index, seasonal variations (season of sampling, period of sampling and different meteorological parameters) and lifestyle factors (smoking habit, alcohol consumption, exposure to medications and diagnostic radiation, physical activity, and family history of cancer). The background frequency of micronuclei (MNi) for the 200 subjects assayed was 5.06 ± 3.11 per 1000 binucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 1.21 ± 1.46 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 3.48 ± 2.14. The background frequency of apoptosis and necrosis was 1.58 ± 1.50 and 1.39 ± 1.56, respectively, while the mean nuclear division index (NDI) was 1.99 ± 0.14. The cut-off value, which corresponds to the 95th percentile of the distribution of 200 individual values, was 11 MNi, 4 NPBs and 7 NBUDs. The study also confirmed an association of the above mentioned parameters with age, sex and several lifestyle factors. Moreover, significant confounders based on our results are also sampling season, sampling period and different meteorological parameters that were dependent on the CBMN Cyt assay parameters. In line with the above mentioned, several factors should be taken into account when it comes to the monitoring of exposed populations using cytogenetic biomarkers. Moreover, the normal and cut-off values obtained in this study present background data for the general population, and can later serve as baseline values for further biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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114
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Araldi RP, Dos Santos MO, Barbon FF, Manjerona BA, Meirelles BR, de Oliva Neto P, da Silva PI, Dos Santos L, Camargo ICC, de Souza EB. Analysis of antioxidant, cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of Agave sisalana Perrine extracts using Vero cells, human lymphocytes and mice polychromatic erythrocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:873-885. [PMID: 29571258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazilian Northeast is the world's largest producer of Agave sisalana Perrine for the supply of the sisal fiber. About 95% of plant biomass, which comprise the mucilage and sisal juice, is considered a waste residual is discarded in the soil. However, the sisal juice is rich in steroidal saponins, which exhibits different pharmacological properties. Despite this, natural products are not necessarily safe. Based on this, this study analyzed the antioxidant, cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of three extracts derived from acid hydrolysis (AHAS), dried precipitate (DPAS) and hexanic of A. sisalana (HAS). These analyses were performed by in vitro and in vivo methods, using Vero cells, human lymphocytes and mice. Results showed that AHAS 50 and 100 can be considered a useful antineoplastic candidate due to their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, with no genotoxic/clastogenic potential in Vero cells and mice. Although the comet assay in human lymphocytes has showed that the AHAS 25, AHAS 50 and AHAS 100 can lead to DNA breaks, these extracts did not promote DNA damages in mice bone marrow. Considering the different mutagenic responses obtained with the different methods employed, this study suggest that the metabolizing pathways can produce by-products harmful to health. For this reason, it is mandatory to analyze the mutagenic potential by both in vitro and in vivo techniques, using cells derived from different species and origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Biotechnology Interunit Post-Graduation Program, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maristela Oliveira Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Faria Barbon
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Manjerona
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rosa Meirelles
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Oliva Neto
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ismael da Silva
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS/CEPID), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Cherici Camargo
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Edislane Barreiros de Souza
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil.
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115
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Carvalho NC, Guedes SAG, Albuquerque-Júnior RLC, de Albuquerque DS, de Souza Araújo AA, Paranhos LR, Camargo SEA, Ribeiro MAG. Analysis of Aloe vera cytotoxicity and genotoxicity associated with endodontic medication and laser photobiomodulation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:348-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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116
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Eraslan G, Kanbur M, Karabacak M, Arslan K, Siliğ Y, Soyer Sarica Z, Tekeli MY, Taş A. Effect on oxidative stress, hepatic chemical metabolizing parameters, and genotoxic damage of mad honey intake in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:991-1004. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117745691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 66 male Wistar rats were used and six groups (control: 10 animals and experimental: 12 animals) were formed. While a separate control group was established for each study period, mad honey application to the animals in the experimental group was carried out with a single dose (12.5 g kg−1 body weight (b.w.); acute stage), at a dose of 7.5 g kg−1 b.w. for 21 days (subacute stage), and at a dose of 5 g kg−1 b.w. for 60 days (chronic stage). Tissue and blood oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), hepatic chemical metabolizing parameters in the liver (cytochrome P450 2E1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-cytochrome b5 reductase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome c reductase (CYTC), GSH S-transferase (GST), and GSH), and micronucleus and comet test in some samples were examined. Findings from the study showed that single and repeated doses given over the period increased MDA, NO, and HNE levels while decreasing/increasing tissue and blood antioxidant enzyme activities. From hepatic chemical metabolizing parameters, GST activity increased in the subacute and chronic stages and CYTC activity increased in the acute period, whereas GSH level decreased in the subacute stage. Changes in tail and head intensities were found in most of the comet results. Mad honey caused oxidative stresses for each exposure period and made some significant changes on the comet test in certain periods for some samples obtained. In other words, according to the available research results obtained, careless consumption of mad honey for different medical purposes is not appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - M Kanbur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - M Karabacak
- Department of Animal Health, Safiye Çıkrıkçıoğlu Vocational Collage, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - K Arslan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Y Siliğ
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Z Soyer Sarica
- Experimental Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MY Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - A Taş
- Department of Nutrition and Diet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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117
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Avuloğlu-Yılmaz E, Yüzbaşıoğlu D, Özçelik AB, Ersan S, Ünal F. Evaluation of genotoxic effects of 3-methyl-5-(4-carboxycyclohexylmethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione on human peripheral lymphocytes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1228-1233. [PMID: 28260400 PMCID: PMC6130478 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1296000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tranexamic acid is commonly used for curing abnormal bleeding in a variety of diseases. In a previous study, 12 different tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine derivatives were synthesized from the amine group of tranexamic acid. Their antifibrinolytic and antimicrobial activities were compared with tranexamic acid. 3-Methyl-5-(4-carboxycyclohexylmethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (3-MTTT) was the most remarkable one, which may be used as a drug. OBJECTIVES In vitro genotoxicity of 3-MTTT was investigated using chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), micronucleus (MN) and comet assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various concentrations 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.50 and 25.00 μg/mL of 3-MTTT were applied to lymphocytes obtained from two donors for periods of 24 and 48 h. A negative (distilled water), a solvent (2:1 PBS:10% NaOH for cultured lymphocyte, and PBS for isolated lymphocytes) and a positive control (MMC for cultured lymphocytes and H2O2 for isolated lymphocytes) were also maintained. RESULTS While this compound did not increase the frequency of abnormal cells and CA/cell ratio compared to negative control (except 48 h, 25 μg/mL), it significantly increased the frequency of SCEs at the four highest concentrations at both treatment periods (except 6.25 μg/mL, 48 h). It significantly decreased the MI in all the concentrations at 24 h (except 0.78 μg/mL) and in the highest three concentrations at 48 h. This compound did not significantly increase the frequency of MN and DNA damage compared to negative control. This compound did not affect the replication and nuclear division index. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that this compound does not represent a significant risk at the genetic level in in vitro human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Avuloğlu-Yılmaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- CONTACT Deniz YüzbaşıoğluGazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, 06500Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Azime Berna Özçelik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Ersan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ünal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Barbosa CS, Guimarães DSM, Gonçalves AMN, Barbosa MCS, Alves e Costa ML, Nascimento Júnior CS, Guimarães L, Ribeiro-Viana RM, dos Santos FV, Alves de Brito CF, de Pilla Varotti F, Ribeiro Viana GH. Target-Guided Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Evaluation of a New Fluorinated 3-Alkylpyridine Marine Alkaloid Analog. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8264-8272. [PMID: 30023579 PMCID: PMC6045394 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The need to develop new alternatives for antimalarial treatment is urgent. Herein, we report the synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of a small library of synthetic 3-alkylpyridine marine alkaloid (3-APA) analogs. First, the compounds were evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum. The most active compound 5c was selected for optimization of its antimalarial properties. An in silico approach was used based on pure ab initio electronic structure prediction, and the results indicated that a substitution of the hydroxyl group by a fluorine atom could favor a more stable complex with heme at a molecular ratio of 2:1 (heme/3-APA halogenated). A new fluorinated 3-APA analog was synthesized (compound 7), and its antimalarial activity was re-evaluated. Compound 7 exhibited optimized antimalarial properties (P. falciparum IC50 = 2.5 μM), low genotoxicity, capacity to form a more stable heme/3-APA complex at a molecular ratio of 2:1, and conformity to RO5. The new compound, therefore, has great potential as a new lead antimalarial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila
de Souza Barbosa
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Cristina
da Silva Barbosa
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marília Ladeira Alves e Costa
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais (DCNAT), Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, 36301-160 São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clébio Soares Nascimento Júnior
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais (DCNAT), Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, 36301-160 São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana Guimarães
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento
de Ciências Naturais (DCNAT), Universidade
Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, 36301-160 São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Márcio Ribeiro-Viana
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento
Acadêmico de Química (DAQUI), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 86036-370 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabio Vieira dos Santos
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando de Pilla Varotti
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro Viana
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Química Biológica (NQBio), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, 35501-296 Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Kowalska M, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Brzoska K, Wojewodzka M, Meczynska-Wielgosz S, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Mruk R, Øvrevik J, Kruszewski M, Lankoff A. Genotoxic potential of diesel exhaust particles from the combustion of first- and second-generation biodiesel fuels-the FuelHealth project. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24223-24234. [PMID: 28889235 PMCID: PMC5655577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) from traffic emissions is associated with higher risk of morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, accelerated progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and possible lung cancer. While the impact of DEPs from combustion of fossil diesel fuel on human health has been extensively studied, current knowledge of DEPs from combustion of biofuels provides limited and inconsistent information about its mutagenicity and genotoxicity, as well as possible adverse health risks. The objective of the present work was to compare the genotoxicity of DEPs from combustion of two first-generation fuels, 7% fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) (B7) and 20% FAME (B20), and a second-generation 20% FAME/hydrotreated vegetable oil (SHB: synthetic hydrocarbon biofuel) fuel. Our results revealed that particulate engine emissions from each type of biodiesel fuel induced genotoxic effects in BEAS-2B and A549 cells, manifested as the increased levels of single-strand breaks, the increased frequencies of micronuclei, or the deregulated expression of genes involved in DNA damage signaling pathways. We also found that none of the tested DEPs showed the induction of oxidative DNA damage and the gamma-H2AX-detectable double-strand breaks. The most pronounced differences concerning the tested particles were observed for the induction of single-strand breaks, with the greatest genotoxicity being associated with the B7-derived DEPs. The differences in other effects between DEPs from the different biodiesel blend percentage and biodiesel feedstock were also observed, but the magnitude of these variations was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 15 Swietokrzyska Str, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aneta Wegierek-Ciuk
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 15 Swietokrzyska Str, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamil Brzoska
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Wojewodzka
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Meczynska-Wielgosz
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska Str, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Mruk
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska Str, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 15 Swietokrzyska Str, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.
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Franco-Bernardes MF, Rocha OP, Pereira LC, Tasso MJ, Meireles G, de Oliveira DP, Dorta DJ. The herbicides trifluralin and tebuthiuron have no genotoxic or mutagenic potential as evidenced by genetic tests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24029-24037. [PMID: 28879624 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brazil has been the largest world consumer of pesticides since 2008, followed by the USA. The herbicides trifluralin and tebuthiuron have been widely applied in agriculture. These herbicides are selective for some plant species, and their use brings various benefits. However, the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of tebuthiuron on non-target organisms are poorly known, and in addition, the effects of trifluralin must be better investigated. Therefore, this study employed genetic tests including the comet assay and micronucleus test to evaluate the genotoxic effects of trifluralin and tebuthiuron on HepG2 cells. In addition, we have used the Ames test to assess the mutagenic effects of the herbicides on the TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA1535 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. On the basis of the comet assay and the micronucleus test, trifluralin did not cause genetic damage to HepG2 cells. In addition, trifluralin did not impact the tested S. typhimurium strains. Regarding tebuthiuron, literature has shown that this herbicide damaged DNA in Oreochromis niloticus. Nevertheless, we have found that tebuthiuron was not genotoxic to either HepG2 cells or the S. typhimurium strains. Therefore, neither trifluralin nor tebuthiuron exerted genotoxic or mutagenic potential at the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Furio Franco-Bernardes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Otávio Pelegrino Rocha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristina Pereira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Fazenda Experimental de Lageado, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia Tasso
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP - USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Meireles
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Unesp, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP - USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil.
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Unesp, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Cartus A, Schrenk D. Current methods in risk assessment of genotoxic chemicals. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:574-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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122
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Praphasawat R, Munkong N. Anti-Genotoxicity Evaluation of Cratoxylum Formosum Dyer Leaves by Comet Assay and Micronucleus Test. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1475-1478. [PMID: 28669154 PMCID: PMC6373808 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.6.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cratoxylum formosum Dyer is the Thai vegetable which commonly consumed a fresh leaves. In this study, we
extracted Cratoxylum formosum with water and tested the extract for genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity effects. We
carried out the experiment using micronucleus test and comet assay in TK6 cells. In micronucleus experiment, we used
cytokinesis-block proliferation technique to stop cell division which produced a cell at binucleated (BNC) stage. The
comet assay was carried out after pre-treatment the cell with C. formosum for 18 h. The results revealed not increased
the micronucleus frequency of C. formosum at concentration ranging from 50-150 μg/ml. In contract, it showed that
the combination between C. formosum at various concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 μg/ml) and mitomycin
C could decrease significantly in frequency of micronuclei. The mean of micronucleus frequency in the sample were
23.17 ±3.33, 23.33 ±4.72, 21.00 ±3.61, 11.33 ±3.21, 16.67 ±2.08, and 23.33±1.53 MN/ 1,000 BNC, respectively whereas
the MMC-treated group was 33.67 ± 8.96 MN/ 1,000 BNC. The comet assay result showed that pre-treatment with
Cratoxylum formosum (25, 50, 100, 200 μg/ml) could inhibit the hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage by 6.95,
12.99, 17.61, and 26.39 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratsada Praphasawat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand. ratsada.pr@gmail.
com
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Mary VS, Arias SL, Otaiza SN, Velez PA, Rubinstein HR, Theumer MG. The aflatoxin B 1 -fumonisin B 1 toxicity in BRL-3A hepatocytes is associated to induction of cytochrome P450 activity and arachidonic acid metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1711-1724. [PMID: 28181396 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human oral exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) and fumonisin B1 (FB1 ) is associated with increased hepatocellular carcinoma. Although evidence suggested interactive AFB1 -FB1 hepatotoxicity, the underlying mechanisms remain mostly unidentified. This work was aimed at evaluating the possible AFB1 -FB1 interplay to induce genetic and cell cycle toxicities in BRL-3A rat hepatocytes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement, and the AFB1 metabolizing pathways cytochrome P450 (CYP) and arachidonic acid (ArAc) metabolism as ROS contributors. Flow cytometry of stained BRL-3A hepatocytes was used to study the cell cycle (propidium iodide), ROS intracellular production (DCFH-DA, HE, DAF-2 DA), and phospholipase A activity (staining with bis-BODIPY FL C11-PC). The CYP1A activity was assessed by the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. Despite a 48-h exposure to FB1 (30 μM) not being genotoxic, the AFB1 (20 μM)-induced micronucleus frequency was overcome by the AFB1 -FB1 mixture (MIX), presumably showing toxin interaction. The mycotoxins blocked G1/S-phase, but only MIX caused cell death. Overall, the oxidative stress led these alterations as the pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine reduced such toxic effects. While AFB1 had a major input to the MIX pro-oxidant activity, with CYP and ArAc metabolism being ROS contributors, these pathways were not involved in the FB1 -elicited weak oxidative stress. The MIX-induced micronucleus frequency in N-acetyl-l-cysteine pretreated cells was greater than that caused by AFB1 without antioxidants, suggesting enhanced AFB1 direct genotoxicity probably owing to the higher CYP activity and ArAc metabolism found in MIX. The metabolic pathways modulation by AFB1 -FB1 mixtures could raise its hepatocarcinogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica S Mary
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), UNC, CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Silvina L Arias
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), UNC, CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Santiago N Otaiza
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), UNC, CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Pilar A Velez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), UNC, CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Héctor R Rubinstein
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), UNC, CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Martín G Theumer
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), UNC, CONICET, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
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Ren N, Atyah M, Chen WY, Zhou CH. The various aspects of genetic and epigenetic toxicology: testing methods and clinical applications. J Transl Med 2017; 15:110. [PMID: 28532423 PMCID: PMC5440915 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity refers to the ability of harmful substances to damage genetic information in cells. Being exposed to chemical and biological agents can result in genomic instabilities and/or epigenetic alterations, which translate into a variety of diseases, cancer included. This concise review discusses, from both a genetic and epigenetic point of view, the current detection methods of different agents’ genotoxicity, along with their basic and clinical relation to human cancer, chemotherapy, germ cells and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Manar Atyah
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Yong Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Hao Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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125
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Wang CC, Yang ML, Yang CP, Liang CH, Lee CY, Lin HW, Kuan YH. Cadmium nitrate-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity via caspases in Neuro-2A neurons. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1313276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Cheng Wang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan,
| | - Ming-Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
| | - Ching-Hui Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
| | - Chien-Ying Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
| | - Hui-Wei Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan,
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
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126
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Módolo DG, Araldi RP, Mazzuchelli-de-Souza J, Pereira A, Pimenta DC, Zanphorlin LM, Beçak W, Menossi M, de Cassia Stocco R, de Carvalho RF. Integrated analysis of recombinant BPV-1 L1 protein for the production of a bovine papillomavirus VLP vaccine. Vaccine 2017; 35:1590-1593. [PMID: 28222997 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomatosis is an infectious disease that is caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV), which results in important economic losses. However, no BPV vaccines or effective treatment methods are commercially available to date. Moreover, the absence of papillomavirus replication in vitro makes the use of recombinant protein a promising candidate for vaccine formulations. Hence, we developed an integrated study on the L1 capsid protein of BPV-1, obtained from a bacterial expression system, regarding its purification, biosafety, thermostability and immunogenicity. The results indicated an absence of genotoxicity of the purified recombinant L1 protein, β-sheet prevalence of secondary structure folding, protein stability under high temperatures as well as the presence of capsomeres and VLPs. In addition, preliminary experimental vaccination of calves showed the production of specific antibodies against BPV-1 L1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Mazzuchelli-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Letícia Maria Zanphorlin
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Willy Beçak
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Menossi
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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127
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Martínez-Valenzuela C, Waliszewski SM, Amador-Muñoz O, Meza E, Calderón-Segura ME, Zenteno E, Huichapan-Martínez J, Caba M, Félix-Gastélum R, Longoria-Espinoza R. Aerial pesticide application causes DNA damage in pilots from Sinaloa, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2412-2420. [PMID: 27815855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides in agricultural production originates residues in the environment where they are applied. Pesticide aerial application is a frequent source of exposure to pesticides by persons dedicated to agricultural practices and those living in neighboring communities of sprayed fields. The aim of the study was to assess the genotoxic effects of pesticides in workers occupationally exposed to these chemicals during their aerial application to agricultural fields of Sinaloa, Mexico. The study involved 30 pilots of airplanes used to apply pesticides via aerial application and 30 unexposed controls. Damage was evaluated through the micronucleus assay and by other nuclear abnormalities in epithelial cells of oral mucosa. The highest frequency ratios (FR) equal to 269.5 corresponded to binucleated cells followed by 54.2, corresponding to cells with pyknotic nuclei, 45.2 of cells with chromatin condensation, 3.7 of cells with broken-egg, 3.6 of cells with micronucleus, and 2.0 of karyolytic cells. Age, worked time, smoking, and alcohol consumption did not have significant influence on nuclear abnormalities in the pilots studied. Pesticide exposure was the main factor for nuclear abnormality results and DNA damage. Marked genotoxic damage was developed even in younger pilots with 2 years of short working period, caused by their daily occupational exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martínez-Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - S M Waliszewski
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - O Amador-Muñoz
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Meza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - M E Calderón-Segura
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Huichapan-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - M Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - R Félix-Gastélum
- Instituto de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - R Longoria-Espinoza
- Instituto de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
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128
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Hu Y, Tan L, Zhang SH, Zuo YT, Han X, Liu N, Lu WQ, Liu AL. Detection of genotoxic effects of drinking water disinfection by-products using Vicia faba bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1509-1517. [PMID: 27785718 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based bioassays have gained wide use among the toxicological and/or ecotoxicological assessment procedures because of their simplicity, sensitivity, low cost, and reliability. The present study describes the use of Vicia faba (V. faba) micronucleus (MN) test and V. faba comet assay in the evaluation of the genotoxic potential of disinfection by-products (DBPs) commonly found in chlorine-disinfected drinking water. Five haloacetic acids and three halogenated acetonitriles were chosen as representatives of DBPs in this study because they are of potentially great public health risk. Results of the MN test indicated that monochloroacetic acid (MCA), monobromoacetic acid (MBA), dichloroacetic acid (DCA), dibromoacetic acid (DBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) caused a statistically significant increase in MN frequency in V. faba root tip cells. However, no genotoxic response was observed for dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN). Results of the comet assay showed that all tested DBPs induced a statistically significant increase in genomic DNA damage to V. faba root tip cells. On considering the capacity to detect genomic damage of a different nature, we suggest that a combination of V. faba MN test and V. faba comet assay is a useful tool for the detection of genotoxic effects of DBPs. It is worthy of assessing the feasibility of using V. faba comet assay combined with V. faba MN test to screen for the genotoxic activity of chlorinated drinking water in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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129
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Oliveira AMD, Nascimento MFD, Ferreira MRA, Moura DFD, Souza TGDS, Silva GCD, Ramos EHDS, Paiva PMG, Medeiros PLD, Silva TGD, Soares LAL, Chagas CA, Souza IAD, Napoleão TH. Evaluation of acute toxicity, genotoxicity and inhibitory effect on acute inflammation of an ethanol extract of Morus alba L. (Moraceae) in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:162-168. [PMID: 27596329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morus alba L. (white mulberry) is used in traditional medicine worldwide, including Brazil. The leaves of this plant are used to treat inflammatory disorders. Universal interest in this plant necessitates studies on the toxicological safety and scientific substantiation of the medicinal properties of M. alba. In previous work, we investigated the acute toxicity of orally administered M. alba ethanol extract in mice. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was designed to investigate the ethanol extract obtained from M. alba leaves for acute toxicity when intraperitoneally administered, in vivo genotoxicity, and potential to reduce acute inflammation. In order to further investigate the constituents of the extract, we also obtained the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis by thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed and the results were used to obtain the HPLC fingerprint. Acute toxicity of 300 and 2000mg/kg b.w. i.p. doses administered to mice for 14 days was evaluated. Genotoxicity was evaluated by counting the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the blood of mice that either received or did not receive the extract at 75, 150 and 300mg/kg b.w. per os. The anti-inflammatory effect of the same doses administered per os was investigated using the carrageenan air pouch model. RESULTS The TLC analysis of the extract revealed the presence of a remarkable amount of flavonoids and cinnamic acids. The HPLC fingerprint showed the presence of one major peak corresponding to chlorogenic acid and two smaller peaks corresponding to flavonoids. In the toxicity assays, there were no deaths or deviations in behavior of treated mice as compared to the control at any dose. However, biochemical, hematological, and histological analyses showed that intraperitoneal injection caused several forms of damage to the mice, which were not observed in case of oral administration, studied in our previous work. Oral administration of the extract did not result in genotoxicity and considerably reduced (58.6-65.6% inhibition) leukocyte migration in all doses evaluated, in comparison with the negative control. CONCLUSIONS The ethanol extract from M. alba leaves administered intraperitoneally possesses a greater degree of toxicity in mice when compared to per os administration. The extract was not genotoxic when ingested by mice and exhibited a highly inhibitory effect against acute inflammation, which is probably linked to the presence of chlorogenic acid and flavonoids in the composition. This work contributes to the determination of safety of the medicinal use of M. alba leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Matheus Ferreira do Nascimento
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Feijó de Moura
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55604-000 Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Cavalcante da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Henrique da Silva Ramos
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Paloma Lys de Medeiros
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Departamento de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Aparecido Chagas
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55604-000 Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ivone Antônia de Souza
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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130
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Castillo WO, Aristizabal-Pachon AF, de Lima Montaldi AP, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Takahashi CS. Galanthamine decreases genotoxicity and cell death induced by β-amyloid peptide in SH-SY5Y cell line. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:291-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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131
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Llana-Ruiz-Cabello M, Maisanaba S, Puerto M, Prieto AI, Pichardo S, Moyano R, González-Pérez JA, Cameán AM. Genotoxicity evaluation of carvacrol in rats using a combined micronucleus and comet assay. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:240-250. [PMID: 27829163 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic data of substances which could be incorporated into food packaging are required by the European Food Safety Authority. Due to its antioxidant and antibacterial properties carvacrol is one of these compounds. This work aims to study for the first time the in vivo genotoxic effects produced in rats orally exposed to 81, 256 or 810 mg cavacrol/kg body weight (bw) at 0, 24 and 45 h. A combination of the micronucleus assay (OECD 474) in bone marrow and the standard (OECD 489) and enzyme-modified comet assay was used to determine the genotoxicity on cells isolated from stomach and liver of exposed animals. In addition, a histopathological study was performed on the assayed tissues, and also in the lungs due to the volatility of carvacrol. Direct analytical pyrolysis was used to search for carvacrol in viscera and to ensure that the compound reaches stomach and liver cells. Results from MN-comet assay revealed that carvacrol (81-810 mg/kg bw) did not induce in vivo genotoxicity or oxidative DNA damage in any of the tissues investigated. Moreover, no histopathological changes were observed. Altogether, these results suggest lack of genotoxicity of carvacrol and therefore its good profile for its potential application as food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Moyano
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Kurdi LAF, Aljeddani FA. Reduction of Dacarbazine cytogenetic effects on somatic cells in male mice using bee glue (Propolis) to manifest the scientific miracles in the Quran. Electron Physician 2016; 8:3015-3023. [PMID: 27790359 PMCID: PMC5074765 DOI: 10.19082/3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was carried out to investigate the ability of Propolis to ameliorate the adverse cytogenetic effects of Dacarbazine on bone marrow cells Methods In this experimental in vivo study, 18 mice were used, divided into four groups: control group; Propolis-treated group (treated with 50mg/kg Propolis); and Dacarbazine-treated group (treated with 3.5mg/kg Dacarbazine). The fourth, fifth, and sixth were treated with Dacarbazine and Propolis as pre 2h, post 2h, and concomitant treatment. After five days, the Bone Marrow (BM) samples were obtained for cytogenetic investigation. Results The in vivo studies revealed that Dacarbazine induced an abnormalities in polychromatic erythrocytes cells (PECs) as increase of cell with micronuclei, while the dual treatment accompanied with improvement of this abnormalities. Conclusions It could be concluded that there are protective effects of Propolis against the adverse effects of Dacarbazine. It could be recommended to use Propolis as an adjuvant with chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Abdul-Fattah Kurdi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology "Zoology", Al Faisaliah Campus, King Abdul Aziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Aliyan Aljeddani
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology "Zoology", Al Faisaliah Campus, King Abdul Aziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Study on the Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Clastogenic Potential of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. Oil Pulp In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165258. [PMID: 27764219 PMCID: PMC5072689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae), popularly known as “bacuri”, is used in Brazilian folk medicine. Its oil is used orally to relieve pulmonary congestion and joint pain. In topical applications, it is applied as an effective hair tonic and anti-dandruff. The in natura pulp and its nuts are used as food because of its nutritional value. Despite its use in folk medicine, there is a lack of data regarding its in vivo/in vitro cytotoxic/genotoxic and clastogenic effects. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. oil (APMO) in vitro and in vivo. For the analysis of cytotoxic potential, the Artemia salina and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethizzol-zyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays were performed. Possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of APMO intake were determined by performing the comet and micronucleus assays. Male and female Wistar rats were orally treated with doses of 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg.kg-1 of the APMO daily for 28 consecutive days (four weeks). The results showed that the APMO did not induce cell death in the experiments of Artemia salina and MTT, indicating that it has no cytotoxicity. The APMO did not cause significant damage to the DNA of the rats in the four doses used when compared to the negative control group (saline + Tween® 80). The APMO did not present any significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) for the four tested doses. When compared to the positive control group, all groups (comet and micronucleus tests) were statistically different. These data suggest that the administration of Attalea phalerata Mart oil. ex Spreng does not cause cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and clastogenicity in experimental models in vitro and in vivo following oral administration in this study.
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134
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Kich DM, Bitencourt S, Caye B, Faleiro D, Alves C, Silva J, Pinteus S, Mergener M, Majolo F, Boligon AA, Santos RCV, Pedrosa R, de Souza CFV, Goettert MI. Lymphocyte genotoxicity and protective effect of Calyptranthes tricona (Myrtaceae) against H 2O 2-induced cell death in MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:35-43. [PMID: 27704465 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calyptranthes tricona is a species (Myrtaceae) native to South Brazil. Plants belonging to this family are folkloric used for analgesia, inflammation, and infectious diseases. However, little is known about the toxic potential of C. tricona. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of C. tricona ethanol and hexane leaf extracts, as well as verify their effect on human lymphocytes and MCF-7 cells. The extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity using DPPH and ORAC methods. Genotoxic and mutagenic effects in cultured human lymphocytes were assessed using the comet assay and the micronucleus assay, respectively. In addition, cell viability by MTT assay and fluorometric analysis of mitochondrial potential and caspases-9 activity were performed in order to verify the possible effects of both extracts on H2O2-induced cell death of MCF-7 cells. Our findings revealed that the phenol content and the antioxidant activity were only present in the ethanol extract. Also, the phytochemical screening presented steroids, triterpenoids, condensed tannins, and flavones as the main compounds. However, both extracts were capable of inducing concentration-dependent DNA damage in human lymphocytes. When treating MCF-7 cells with the extracts, both of them inhibited MCF-7 cell death in response to oxidative stress through a decrease of mitochondrial depolarization and caspases-9 activity. Thus, our results need to be considered in future in vitro and in vivo studies of C. tricona effects. In the meanwhile, we recommend caution in the acute/chronic use of this homemade preparation for medicinal purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Mara Kich
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Av. Avelino Talini 171, Lajeado, RS, 959000-000, Brazil
| | - Shanna Bitencourt
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Av. Avelino Talini 171, Lajeado, RS, 959000-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caye
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Av. Avelino Talini 171, Lajeado, RS, 959000-000, Brazil
| | - Dalana Faleiro
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Av. Avelino Talini 171, Lajeado, RS, 959000-000, Brazil
| | - Celso Alves
- Marine Resources Research Group (GIRM), ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Marine Resources Research Group (GIRM), ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- Marine Resources Research Group (GIRM), ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | | | - Fernanda Majolo
- Laboratório Celular e Molecular. Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Maria, Build 26, Room 1115, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Christ Vianna Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Maria, Build 20, Room 4212/4214, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- Marine Resources Research Group (GIRM), ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATESRS, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Laboratório de Cultura de Células, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Av. Avelino Talini 171, Lajeado, RS, 959000-000, Brazil.
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135
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Yamamoto FY, Pereira MVM, Lottermann E, Santos GS, Stremel TRO, Doria HB, Gusso-Choueri P, Campos SX, Ortolani-Machado CF, Cestari MM, Neto FF, Azevedo JCR, Ribeiro CAO. Bioavailability of pollutants sets risk of exposure to biota and human population in reservoirs from Iguaçu River (Southern Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18111-18128. [PMID: 27259959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Iguaçu River, located at the Southern part of Brazil, has a great socioeconomic and environmental importance due to its high endemic fish fauna and its potential to generate hydroelectric power. However, Iguaçu River suffers intense discharge of pollutants in the origin of the river. In a previous report, the local environmental agency described water quality to improve along the river course. However, no study with integrated evaluation of chemical analysis and biological responses has been reported so far for the Iguaçu River. In the current study, three different Brazilian fish species (Astyanax bifasciatus, Chrenicicla iguassuensis, and Geophagus brasiliensis) were captured in the five cascading reservoirs of Iguaçu River for a multi-biomarker study. Chemical analysis in water, sediment, and muscle indicated high levels of bioavailable metals in all reservoirs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in the bile of the three fish species. Integration of the data through a FA/PCA analysis demonstrated the poorest environmental quality of the reservoir farthest from river's source, which is the opposite of what has been reported by the environmental agency. The presence of hazardous chemicals in the five reservoirs of Iguaçu River, their bioaccumulation in the muscle of fish, and the biological responses showed the impacts of human activities to this area and did not confirm a gradient of pollution between the five reservoirs, from the source toward Iguaçu River's mouth. Therefore, diffuse source of pollutants present along the river course are increasing the risk of exposure to biota and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, C.P. 19031, CEP: 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brasil.
| | - M V M Pereira
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
| | - E Lottermann
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
| | - G S Santos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
| | - T R O Stremel
- Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil
| | - H B Doria
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
| | - P Gusso-Choueri
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
| | - S X Campos
- Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil
| | - C F Ortolani-Machado
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
| | - M M Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
| | - F Filipak Neto
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
| | - J C R Azevedo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Technological Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil
| | - C A Oliveira Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, C.P. 19031, CEP: 81.531-980, Curitiba, Brasil.
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136
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Araldi RP, Módolo DG, de Sá Júnior PL, Consonni SR, de Carvalho RF, Roperto FP, Beçak W, de Cassia Stocco R. Genetics and metabolic deregulation following cancer initiation: A world to explore. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:449-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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137
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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138
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Mutagenic Potential ofBos taurus Papillomavirus Type 1 E6 Recombinant Protein: First Description. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:806361. [PMID: 26783529 PMCID: PMC4689895 DOI: 10.1155/2015/806361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is considered a useful model to study HPV oncogenic process. BPV interacts with the host chromatin, resulting in DNA damage, which is attributed to E5, E6, and E7 viral oncoproteins activity. However, the oncogenic mechanisms of BPV E6 oncoprotein per se remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic potential of Bos taurus papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E6 recombinant oncoprotein by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMNA) and comet assay (CA). Peripheral blood samples of five calves were collected. Samples were subjected to molecular diagnosis, which did not reveal presence of BPV sequences. Samples were treated with 1 μg/mL of BPV-1 E6 oncoprotein and 50 μg/mL of cyclophosphamide (positive control). Negative controls were not submitted to any treatment. The samples were submitted to the CBMNA and CA. The results showed that BPV E6 oncoprotein induces clastogenesis per se, which is indicative of genomic instability. These results allowed better understanding the mechanism of cancer promotion associated with the BPV E6 oncoprotein and revealed that this oncoprotein can induce carcinogenesis per se. E6 recombinant oncoprotein has been suggested as a possible vaccine candidate. Results pointed out that BPV E6 recombinant oncoprotein modifications are required to use it as vaccine.
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139
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Augustyniak M, Gladysz M, Dziewięcka M. The Comet assay in insects--Status, prospects and benefits for science. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 767:67-76. [PMID: 27036067 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Comet assay has been recently adapted to investigate DNA damage in insects. The first reports of its use in Drosophila melanogaster appeared in 2002. Since then, the interest in the application of the Comet assay to studies of insects has been rapidly increasing. Many authors see substantial potential in the use of the Comet assay in D. melanogaster for medical toxicology studies. This application could allow the testing of drugs and result in an understanding of the mechanisms of action of toxins, which could significantly influence the limited research that has been performed on vertebrates. The possible perspectives and benefits for science are considered in this review. In the last decade, the use of the Comet assay has been described in insects other than D. melanogaster. Specifically, methods to prepare a cell suspension from insect tissues, which is a difficult task, were analyzed and compared in detail. Furthermore, attention was paid to any differences and modifications in the research protocols, such as the buffer composition and electrophoresis conditions. Various scientific fields in addition to toxicological and ecotoxicological research were considered. We expect the Comet assay to be used in environmental risk assessments and to improve our understanding of many important phenomena of insect life, such as metamorphosis, molting, diapause and quiescence. The use of this method to study species that are of key importance to humans, such as pests and beneficial insects, appears to be highly probable and very promising. The use of the Comet assay for DNA stability testing in insects will most likely rapidly increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Marcin Gladysz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Dziewięcka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Ansoar-Rodríguez Y, Christofoletti CA, Marcato AC, Correia JE, Bueno OC, Malaspina O, Fontanetti CS. Genotoxic Potential of the Insecticide Imidacloprid in a Non-Target Organism (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>-Pisces). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2015.612118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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