101
|
Miao CM, Jiang XW, He K, Li PZ, Liu ZJ, Cao D, Ou ZB, Gong JP, Liu CA, Cheng Y. Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate LPS-induced mouse acute liver injury via the prostaglandin E 2-dependent repression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:102-113. [PMID: 27666012 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome participates in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury during sepsis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) attenuate sepsis through prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) by increasing the interleukin-10 (IL-10) production of macrophages; moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is effectively regulated by IL-10 during infection. Whether BMSCs have an effect on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its underlying mechanism is unclear. Administering of BMSCs to mice or KCs after LPS stimulating have improved liver function and reduced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in KCs. The beneficial effect of BMSCs was enhanced by over-expression of PGE2 and eliminated by silence of PGE2. Additionally, The IL-10 levels in the serum and supernatant were increased by given BMSCs and further increase by PGE2 over-expressed BMSCs, but decreased markedly by PGE2 silenced BMSCs. Furthermore, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) inhibitor reduced IL-10 production in KCs and blocked the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our data reveal a novel mechanism of BMSC-mediated suppression of the activation of KCs through the secretion of PGE2 by BMSCs, which promotes KCs to secrete IL-10, leading to the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome in KCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mu Miao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuo-Jin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ding Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Ou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-An Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yao Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Xu L, Li B, Huang M, Xie K, Li D, Li Y, Gu H, Fang J. Critical Role of Kupffer Cell CD89 Expression in Experimental IgA Nephropathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159426. [PMID: 27437939 PMCID: PMC4954728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, its etiology remains only partly understood. It is clear that the pathogenesis of IgAN involves the formation of macromolecular IgA1 complexes and increased levels of serum IgA1 and IgA1-immune complexes(IC), due to defective IgA1 clearance. Previous studies suggest that the blood and tissue myeloid cell-expressed IgA Fc receptor (FcαR/CD89) mediates IgA-IC clearance and its dysfunction, via decreased activity or excessive levels of soluble FcαR/sCD89 induces IgAN. Such a mechanism requires robust stimulation of IgAN levels via forced expression of CD89. In the absence of unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism to date, we attempted to test the extent of CD89-evoked IgAN by generating a transgenic mouse strain expressing human CD89 under the control of murine CD14 promotor. No deposition of IgA-CD89 complexes or glomerulonephritis was detected, however. Further studies showed that elimination of murine IgA was mediated by Kupffer cells. In patients, however, CD89/IgA complexes were detected, and injection of patient IgA induced IgAN-like features in CD89 Tg mice. In transgenic mice, IgAN pathogenesis involves impaired clearance of abnormal IgA via CD89, primarily by the Kupffer cells. Conditional IgAN progression in CD89 transgenic mice thus reveals important aspects of IgAN pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwen Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Li
- Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Gu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JF); (HG)
| | - Jianmin Fang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (JF); (HG)
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Li P, Liu H, Zhang Y, Liao R, He K, Ruan X, Gong J. Endotoxin Tolerance Inhibits Degradation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 3 by Suppressing Pellino 1 Expression and the K48 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 2. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:906-15. [PMID: 27377744 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pellino 1 positively regulates Toll-like receptor 4 signaling by regulating tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) degradation and is suppressed with the induction of endotoxin tolerance. However, the role of TRAF3 in endotoxin tolerance is largely unknown. In this study, we found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation decreased TARF3 protein expression in mouse Kupffer cells (KCs) and liver tissues, whereas endotoxin tolerization abrogated this effect. Degradative TRAF3 K48-linked ubiquitination and the cytoplasmic translocation of the MYD88-associated multiprotein complex were significantly inhibited in tolerized KCs, which led to markedly impaired activation of MYD88-dependent JNK and p38 and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. TRAF3 ablation failed to induce a fully endotoxin-tolerant state in RAW264.7 cells. Pellino 1 knockdown in Raw264.7 cells did not impair induction of cIAP2 in response to LPS but inhibited the K63-linked ubiquitination of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) and K48-linked ubiquitination of TRAF3 protein. We also found upregulation of Pellino 1 and downregulation of TRAF3 in liver tissues of patients with cholangitis. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism that endotoxin tolerance reprograms mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling by suppressing Pellino 1-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of cIAP2, K48-linked ubiquitination, and degradation of TRAF3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research, & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Liu Z, Niu D, Zhang J, Zhang W, Yao Y, Li P, Gong J. Amphiphilic core-shell nanoparticles containing dense polyethyleneimine shells for efficient delivery of microRNA to Kupffer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2785-97. [PMID: 27366061 PMCID: PMC4913979 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and targeted delivery approach to transfer exogenous genes into macrophages is still a great challenge. Current gene delivery methods often result in low cellular uptake efficiency in vivo in some types of cells, especially for the Kupffer cells (KCs). In this article, we demonstrate that amphiphilic core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of well-defined hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cores and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) shells (denoted as PEI@PMMA NPs) are efficient nanocarriers to deliver microRNA (miRNA)-loaded plasmid to the KCs. Average hydrodynamic diameter of PEI@ PMMA NPs was 279 nm with a narrow size distribution. The NPs also possessed positive surface charges up to +30 mV in water, thus enabling effective condensation of negatively charged plasmid DNA. Gel electrophoresis assay showed that the resultant PEI@PMMA NPs were able to completely condense miRNA plasmid at a weight ratio of 25:1 (N/P ratio equal to 45:1). The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry results showed that the PEI@PMMA/miRNA NPs displayed low cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis activity against the KCs. The maximum cell transfection efficiency reached 34.7% after 48 hours, which is much higher than that obtained by using the commercial Lipofectamine™ 2000 (1.7%). Bio-transmission electron microscope observation revealed that the PEI@PMMA NPs were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of the KCs. Furthermore, when compared to the control groups, the protein expression of target nuclear factor κB P65 was considerably inhibited (P<0.05) both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that the PEI@PMMA NPs with a unique amphiphilic core-shell nanostructure are promising nanocarriers for delivering miRNA plasmid to KCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuojin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechao Niu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
GADD34 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis and tissue injury through the regulation of macrophage activation. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2219. [PMID: 27171261 PMCID: PMC4917654 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 34 (GADD34) is induced by various cellular stresses, such as DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and amino-acid deprivation. Although the major roles of GADD34 are regulating ER stress responses and apoptosis, a recent study suggested that GADD34 is linked to innate immune responses. In this report, we investigated the roles of GADD34 in inflammatory responses against bacterial infection. To explore the effects of GADD34 on systemic inflammation in vivo, we employed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine sepsis model and assessed the lethality, serum cytokine levels, and tissue injury in the presence or absence of GADD34. We found that GADD34 deficiency increased the lethality and serum cytokine levels in LPS-induced sepsis. Moreover, GADD34 deficiency enhanced tissue destruction, cell death, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in LPS-induced acute liver injury. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production after LPS stimulation is regulated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. In vitro experiments revealed that GADD34 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages through dephosphorylation of IKKβ. In conclusion, GADD34 attenuates LPS-induced sepsis and acute tissue injury through suppressing macrophage activation. Targeting this anti-inflammatory role of GADD34 may be a promising area for the development of therapeutic agents to regulate inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
106
|
LXRα represses LPS-induced inflammatory responses by competing with IRF3 for GRIP1 in Kupffer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:272-279. [PMID: 27085678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) in the nucleus play important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation. The mechanism of LXR regulation of the LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, T0901317 (a LXRs agonist), LPS and T0901317+LPS. Additionally, Kupffer cells isolated from male C57/BL6 mice were divided into the same four groups. A decreased amount of inflammatory cells infiltrated the portal areas and the hepatic sinusoids in the livers of mice in the T0901317+LPS group than in those of mice in the LPS group. In the T0901317+LPS group, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were lower, while the serum level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was higher. In vitro, Kupffer cells pretreated with T0901317 for 24h presented reduced TNF-α, interferon-beta (IFN-β) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels, while the IL-10 level increased; however, the mRNA and protein expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) were not significantly reduced. The co-IP data illustrated that LXRα bound to GRIP1 specifically in the T0901317+LPS group, while less IRF3 was bound to GRIP1 in the T0901317+LPS group than in the LPS group. Furthermore, the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was decreased by pretreating Kupffer cells with T0901317 for 24h. These results suggest that activated LXRα competes with IRF3 for GRIP1 binding, thus repressing IRF3 and NF-κB transcriptional activity and inhibiting the inflammatory response initiated by LPS in Kupffer cells.
Collapse
|
107
|
Zhang Q, Qu Y, Li Z, Zhang Q, Xu M, Cai X, Li F, Lu L. Isolation and Culture of Single Cell Types from Rat Liver. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:253-67. [DOI: 10.1159/000444672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been few reports on the simultaneous isolation of multiple liver cell populations thus far. As such, this study was aimed at establishing a protocol for the simultaneous separation of hepatocytes (HCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs) from the rat liver and assessing the in vitro culture of these cells. Single-cell suspensions from the liver were obtained by ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid/collagenase perfusion. After low-speed centrifugal separation of HCs, pronase was added to the nonparenchymal cell fraction to eliminate the remaining HCs. Subsequently, HSCs, LSECs and KCs were purified by two steps of density gradient centrifugation using Nycodenz and Percoll in addition to selective attachment. Pronase treatment increased the HSC yield (1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.3 cells/g liver, p < 0.05) and improved LSEC purity (93.6 ± 3.6 vs. 82.5 ± 5.6%, p < 0.01). The isolated cells could also be cultured in vitro. LSEC apoptosis began on day 3 and reached a maximum on day 7. A few surviving LSECs began proliferating and split to form a cobblestone, sheet-like appearance on day 14. The LSECs on day 14 lost fenestrations but retained scavenger function. Thus, viable and purified liver cells were obtained with a high yield from the rat liver using the developed method, which may be useful for studying the physiology and pathology of the liver in the future.
Collapse
|
108
|
Autophagy upregulation promotes macrophages to escape mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-induced NF-κB-dependent inflammation. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:325-41. [PMID: 26860538 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies (Int J Nanomed 10:22, 2015) have indicated that a single large dose of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) can induce severe and selective nephrotoxicity, which is closely related to inflammation mediated by the NF-κB pathway. However, the effect of MSNs on other organs and the interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems remain rudimentary. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the biological behaviour and influence of MSNs on macrophages. METHODS The mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of a suspension of 150, 300 of 600 mg/kg MSNs, and RAW 264.7 cells were treated with MSNs at various concentrations and times. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and LDH release assay. The NF-κB pathway and the target proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by western blotting or ELISA. Autophagy is considered as an emerging mechanism of nanomaterials. So the autophagic ultrastructural analysis, the determination of Beclin-1 and LC3 expression, and the calculation of LC3II dots were employed to verify autophagy activation. In addition, RNA interference, autophagy agonist and inhibitor were used to explore the role of autophagy in inflammation. RESULTS The results indicated that MSNs are internalized into macrophages and induce cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The NF-κB pathway, IL-1β and TNF-α were induced and released by MSNs. The levels of Beclin-1 and LC3II dots were obviously up-regulated by MSNs, which indicated that autophagy was induced in the MSN-treated cells. Moreover, the enhanced autophagy can attenuate the inflammation mediated by the NF-κB pathway, whereas the inhibition of autophagy can contribute to inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results suggest that autophagy may be a possible protective factor in inflammation induced by MSNs in macrophages.
Collapse
|
109
|
Zhang J, Guo S, Zhang W, Niu D, Gong J. Large-pore mesoporous silica nanospheres as vehicles for delivering TRAF3-shRNA plasmids to Kupffer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
110
|
Brunn ND, Mauze S, Gu D, Wiswell D, Ueda R, Hodges D, Beebe AM, Zhang S, Escandon E. The Role of Anti-Drug Antibodies in the Pharmacokinetics, Disposition, Target Engagement, and Efficacy of a GITR Agonist Monoclonal Antibody in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 356:574-86. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
111
|
Cheng Z, Yue L, Zhao W, Yang X, Shu G. Protective effects of protostemonine on LPS/GalN-induced acute liver failure: Roles of increased hepatic expression of heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:798-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
112
|
Hitchcock JR, Cook CN, Bobat S, Ross EA, Flores-Langarica A, Lowe KL, Khan M, Dominguez-Medina CC, Lax S, Carvalho-Gaspar M, Hubscher S, Rainger GE, Cobbold M, Buckley CD, Mitchell TJ, Mitchell A, Jones ND, Van Rooijen N, Kirchhofer D, Henderson IR, Adams DH, Watson SP, Cunningham AF. Inflammation drives thrombosis after Salmonella infection via CLEC-2 on platelets. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4429-46. [PMID: 26571395 DOI: 10.1172/jci79070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a common, life-threatening consequence of systemic infection; however, the underlying mechanisms that drive the formation of infection-associated thrombi are poorly understood. Here, using a mouse model of systemic Salmonella Typhimurium infection, we determined that inflammation in tissues triggers thrombosis within vessels via ligation of C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) on platelets by podoplanin exposed to the vasculature following breaching of the vessel wall. During infection, mice developed thrombi that persisted for weeks within the liver. Bacteria triggered but did not maintain this process, as thrombosis peaked at times when bacteremia was absent and bacteria in tissues were reduced by more than 90% from their peak levels. Thrombus development was triggered by an innate, TLR4-dependent inflammatory cascade that was independent of classical glycoprotein VI-mediated (GPVI-mediated) platelet activation. After infection, IFN-γ release enhanced the number of podoplanin-expressing monocytes and Kupffer cells in the hepatic parenchyma and perivascular sites and absence of TLR4, IFN-γ, or depletion of monocytic-lineage cells or CLEC-2 on platelets markedly inhibited the process. Together, our data indicate that infection-driven thrombosis follows local inflammation and upregulation of podoplanin and platelet activation. The identification of this pathway offers potential therapeutic opportunities to control the devastating consequences of infection-driven thrombosis without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Collapse
|
113
|
Zhang C, Lu Y, Zhou H, Lu H, Qian X, Liu X, Wang X, Ding Z, Zhang F, Lu L. Acquiring Kupffer cells in mice using a MACS-based method. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:553-7. [PMID: 25769606 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to establish a new method to isolate Kupffer cells (KCs) by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). METHODS Nonparenchymal cells were acquired from C57BL/6 mice livers by a perfusion system in vivo and then stained with F4/80(+) fluorescein isothiocyanate and CD11c(-) phycoerythrin antibodies. After incubating with immunomagnetic beads, F4/80(+)CD11c(-) KCs were obtained by MACS selection. The purity was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the morphological features and vitality were analyzed in in vitro cultures. RESULTS Compared with traditional methods, acquiring KCs by MACS was characterized by economy, efficiency, and high purity. The F4/80(+)CD11c(-) KCs cultured in vitro also showed the typical adherent shape and excellent phagocytic ability. CONCLUSIONS With the 2-step method using immunomagnetic beads, we provide a new method by which KCs can be obtained from mouse liver with high purity and distinct phenotype of F4/80(+) CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Lu
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Zhou
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Lu
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Qian
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Ding
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Lu
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital and Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Bourgognon M, Klippstein R, Al-Jamal KT. Kupffer Cell Isolation for Nanoparticle Toxicity Testing. J Vis Exp 2015:e52989. [PMID: 26327223 DOI: 10.3791/52989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The large majority of in vitro nanotoxicological studies have used immortalized cell lines for their practicality. However, results from nanoparticle toxicity testing in immortalized cell lines or primary cells have shown discrepancies, highlighting the need to extend the use of primary cells for in vitro assays. This protocol describes the isolation of mouse liver macrophages, named Kupffer cells, and their use to study nanoparticle toxicity. Kupffer cells are the most abundant macrophage population in the body and constitute part of the reticulo-endothelial system (RES), responsible for the capture of circulating nanoparticles. The Kupffer cell isolation method reported here is based on a 2-step perfusion method followed by purification on density gradient. The method, based on collagenase digestion and density centrifugation, is adapted from the original protocol developed by Smedsrød et al. designed for rat liver cell isolation and provides high yield (up to 14 x 10(6) cells per mouse) and high purity (>95%) of Kupffer cells. This isolation method does not require sophisticated or expensive equipment and therefore represents an ideal compromise between complexity and cell yield. The use of heavier mice (35-45 g) improves the yield of the isolation method but also facilitates remarkably the procedure of portal vein cannulation. The toxicity of functionalized carbon nanotubes f-CNTs was measured in this model by the modified LDH assay. This method assesses cell viability by measuring the lack of structural integrity of Kupffer cell membrane after incubation with f-CNTs. Toxicity induced by f-CNTs can be measured consistently using this assay, highlighting that isolated Kupffer cells are useful for nanoparticle toxicity testing. The overall understanding of nanotoxicology could benefit from such models, making the nanoparticle selection for clinical translation more efficient.
Collapse
|
115
|
Oestrogen sulfotransferase ablation sensitizes mice to sepsis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7979. [PMID: 26259151 PMCID: PMC4532951 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the host's deleterious systemic inflammatory response to microbial infections. Here we report an essential role for the oestrogen sulfotransferase (EST or SULT1E1), a conjugating enzyme that sulfonates and deactivates estrogens, in sepsis response. Both the caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide models of sepsis induce the expression of EST and compromise the activity of oestrogen, an anti-inflammatory hormone. Surprisingly, EST ablation sensitizes mice to sepsis-induced death. Mechanistically, EST ablation attenuates sepsis-induced inflammatory responses due to compromised oestrogen deactivation, leading to increased sepsis lethality. In contrast, transgenic overexpression of EST promotes oestrogen deactivation and sensitizes mice to CLP-induced inflammatory response. The induction of EST by sepsis is NF-κB dependent and EST is a NF-κB-target gene. The reciprocal regulation of inflammation and EST may represent a yet-to-be-explored mechanism of endocrine regulation of inflammation, which has an impact on the clinical outcome of sepsis.
Collapse
|
116
|
HE KUN, DAI ZHUOYA, LI PEIZHI, ZHU XIWEN, GONG JIANPING. Association between liver X receptor-α and neuron-derived orphan nuclear receptor-1 in Kupffer cells of C57BL/6 mice during inflammation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6098-104. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
117
|
Zhu DQ, Li PZ. Role of Kupffer cells in bacterial infectious diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1776-1783. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i11.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) are also known as liver inherent macrophages, which account for the largest part of human tissue macrophages and participate in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. In vitro study using primary culture is a valuable tool for the exploration of specific immunological functions of KCs. Obtaining KCs with high purity and activity is the basis for research. A large number of phagocytosable particles and soluble substances can activate KCs by binding to specific receptors on the membrane. The most important molecule that activates KCs is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A tiny quantity of LPS will drive a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) -dependent proinflammatory response that alerts the host to the presence of infection. Higher quantities of LPS, which reach the cytoplasm, will trigger inflammasome activation, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) production and, ultimately, cell death. KCs play an important role in sepsis, endotoxin tolerance and acute pancreatitis. In this review, we describe the role of KCs in these diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
118
|
Preparation and optimization of ophiopogon polysaccharide liposome and its activity on Kupffer cells. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:421-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|