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Koivu AM, Hunter PJ, Näsänen-Gilmore P, Muthiani Y, Isojärvi J, Pörtfors P, Ashorn U, Ashorn P. Modular literature review: a novel systematic search and review method to support priority setting in health policy and practice. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:268. [PMID: 34837952 PMCID: PMC8627616 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need for review methods to support priority-setting, policy-making and strategic planning when a wide variety of interventions from differing disciplines may have the potential to impact a health outcome of interest. This article describes a Modular Literature Review, a novel systematic search and review method that employs systematic search strategies together with a hierarchy-based appraisal and synthesis of the resulting evidence. METHODS We designed the Modular Review to examine the effects of 43 interventions on a health problem of global significance. Using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design) framework, we developed a single four-module search template in which population, comparison and outcome modules were the same for each search and the intervention module was different for each of the 43 interventions. A series of literature searches were performed in five databases, followed by screening, extraction and analysis of data. "ES documents", source documents for effect size (ES) estimates, were systematically identified based on a hierarchy of evidence. The evidence was categorised according to the likely effect on the outcome and presented in a standardised format with quantitative effect estimates, meta-analyses and narrative reporting. We compared the Modular Review to other review methods in health research for its strengths and limitations. RESULTS The Modular Review method was used to review the impact of 46 antenatal interventions on four specified birth outcomes within 12 months. A total of 61,279 records were found; 35,244 were screened by title-abstract. Six thousand two hundred seventy-two full articles were reviewed against the inclusion criteria resulting in 365 eligible articles. CONCLUSIONS The Modular Review preserves principles that have traditionally been important to systematic reviews but can address multiple research questions simultaneously. The result is an accessible, reliable answer to the question of "what works?". Thus, it is a well-suited literature review method to support prioritisation, decisions and planning to implement an agenda for health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia J Hunter
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Pieta Näsänen-Gilmore
- Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Pia Pörtfors
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Ashorn
- Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
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Howie AH, Tingley K, Inbar-Feigenberg M, Mitchell JJ, Butcher NJ, Offringa M, Smith M, Angel K, Gentle J, Wyatt A, Campeau PM, Chan A, Chakraborty P, El Turk F, Mamak E, Mhanni A, Skidmore B, Sparkes R, Stockler S, Potter BK. Establishing a core outcome set for mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) in children: study protocol for a rapid literature review, candidate outcomes survey, and Delphi surveys. Trials 2021; 22:816. [PMID: 34789302 PMCID: PMC8600749 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of inherited metabolic diseases characterized by chronic, progressive multi-system manifestations with varying degrees of severity. Disease-modifying therapies exist to treat some types of MPS; however, they are not curative, underscoring the need to identify and evaluate co-interventions that optimize functioning, participation in preferred activities, and quality of life. A Canadian pediatric MPS registry is under development and may serve as a platform to launch randomized controlled trials to evaluate such interventions. To promote the standardized collection of patient/family-reported and clinical outcomes considered important to patients/families, health care providers (HCPs), and policymakers, the choice of outcomes to include in the registry will be informed by a core outcome set (COS). We aim to establish a patient-oriented COS for pediatric MPS using a multi-stakeholder approach. Methods In step 1 of the six-step process to develop the COS, we will identify relevant outcomes through a rapid literature review and candidate outcomes survey. A two-phase screening approach will be implemented to identify eligible publications, followed by extraction of outcomes and other pre-specified data elements. Simultaneously, we will conduct a candidate outcomes survey with children with MPS and their families to identify outcomes most important to them. In step 2, HCPs experienced in treating patients with MPS will be invited to review the list of outcomes generated in step 1 and identify additional clinically relevant outcomes. We will then ask patients/families, HCPs, and policymakers to rate the outcomes in a set of Delphi Surveys (step 3), and to participate in a subsequent consensus meeting to finalize the COS (step 4). Step 5 involves establishing a set of outcome measurement instruments for the COS. Finally, we will disseminate the COS to knowledge users (step 6). Discussion The proposed COS will inform the choice of outcomes to include in the MPS registry and, more broadly, promote the standardized collection of patient-oriented outcomes for pediatric MPS research. By involving patients/families from the earliest stage of the research, we will ensure that the COS will be relevant to those who will ultimately benefit from the research. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42021267531, COMET Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05791-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Howie
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa ON, Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Kylie Tingley
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa ON, Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | | | | | - Nancy J Butcher
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Offringa
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maureen Smith
- Patient Partner, Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Angel
- Canadian MPS Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alicia Chan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Farah El Turk
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eva Mamak
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aizeddin Mhanni
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca Sparkes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sylvia Stockler
- Biochemical Diseases, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beth K Potter
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa ON, Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
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Koh JJK, Malczewska M, Doyle MM, Moe J. Prevention of alcohol withdrawal seizure recurrence and treatment of other alcohol withdrawal symptoms in the emergency department: a rapid review. BMC Emerg Med 2021; 21:131. [PMID: 34742248 PMCID: PMC8572067 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-021-00524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients who experience harms from alcohol and other substance use often seek care in the emergency department (ED). ED visits related to alcohol withdrawal have increased across the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. ED clinicians are responsible for risk-stratifying patients under time and resource constraints and must reliably identify those who are safe for outpatient management versus those who require more intensive levels of care. Published guidelines for alcohol withdrawal are largely limited to the primary care and outpatient settings, and do not provide specific guidance for ED use. The purpose of this review was to synthesize published evidence on the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the ED. Methods We conducted a rapid review by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1980 to 2020). We searched for grey literature on Google and hand-searched the conference abstracts of relevant addiction medicine and emergency medicine professional associations (2015 to 2020). We included interventional and observational studies that reported outcomes of clinical interventions aimed at treating alcohol withdrawal syndrome in adults in the ED. Results We identified 13 studies that met inclusion criteria for our review (7 randomized controlled trials and 6 observational studies). Most studies were at high/serious risk of bias. We divided studies based on intervention and summarized evidence narratively. Benzodiazepines decrease alcohol withdrawal seizure recurrence and treat other alcohol withdrawal symptoms, but no clear evidence supports the use of one benzodiazepine over another. It is unclear if symptom-triggered benzodiazepine protocols are effective for use in the ED. More evidence is needed to determine if phenobarbital, with or without benzodiazepines, can be used safely and effectively to treat alcohol withdrawal in the ED. Phenytoin does not have evidence of effectiveness at preventing withdrawal seizures in the ED. Conclusions Few studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapies for alcohol withdrawal specifically in the ED setting. Benzodiazepines are the most evidence-based treatment for alcohol withdrawal in the ED. Pharmacotherapies that have demonstrated benefit for treatment of alcohol withdrawal in other inpatient and outpatient settings should be evaluated in the ED setting before routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jek-Kahn Koh
- Addiction Medicine Fellowship Program, British Columbia Centre for Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Royal College Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | | | - Mary M Doyle
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Moe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Dolan H, Eggett C, Holliday L, Delves S, Parkes D, Sutherland K. Virtual care in end of life and palliative care: A rapid evidence check. J Telemed Telecare 2021; 27:631-637. [PMID: 34726997 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x211046118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this rapid evidence check was to identify virtual care modalities that are safe and effective in the delivery of end of life and palliative care. Thirty-three peer reviewed articles which were either review articles or interventional/evaluative studies presenting comparative data were identified through PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar searches. Extracted data was synthesized narratively and outcomes were categorised separately for patients, healthcare providers, caregivers and health system. Included studies reported on a wide range of virtual care modalities, including video consultation, mobile apps, videos, websites, telephone support, email and alert messages. Generally, studies reported similar or favourable quality of life outcomes to face-to-face palliative care, especially when virtual care was used as a supplement rather than a substitute for face-to-face care. Positive attitudes for perceived usefulness and helpfulness were reported by patients, caregivers and healthcare providers. Challenges identified related to technology limitations, trust, ethical concerns, administrative burden and evidence gaps. Overall, most studies found virtual care modalities to be safe and effective in end of life and palliative care with no detrimental adverse outcomes, when used as a supplement to face-to-face care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankiz Dolan
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Eggett
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Holliday
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane Delves
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna Parkes
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Sutherland
- NSW 144952Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jones RA, Hirschey R, Campbell G, Cooley ME, Lally R, Rueter EK, Gullatte MM. Update to 2019-2022 ONS Research Agenda: Rapid Review to Promote Equity in Oncology Healthcare Access and Workforce Development. Oncol Nurs Forum 2021; 48:604-612. [PMID: 34673761 DOI: 10.1188/21.onf.604-612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) tasked a rapid response research team (RRRT) to develop priorities to increase diversity, equity, and inclusivity in oncology clinical care and workforce development. METHODS An RRRT of experts in health disparities conducted a rapid review of the literature, consulted with oncology nurse leaders and disparities researchers, and reviewed priorities from funding agencies. RESULTS Significant gaps in the current oncology disparities literature were identified and used to inform priority areas for future research practice and workforce development in oncology nursing. SYNTHESIS This is the second article in a two-part series that presents findings on structural racism and health inequities in oncology nursing. In the first article, three priority areas for oncology nursing research were presented. In this article, strategies to improve diversity, equity, and inclusivity in clinical practice and the oncology workforce are described. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Recommendations are presented to inform research, clinical, administrative, and academic oncology nursing settings on increasing diversity, equity, and inclusivity and deconstructing structural racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy A Jones
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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Jones R, Hirschey R, Campbell G, Cooley ME, Lally R, Somayaji D, Rueter EK, Gullatte MM. Update to 2019-2022 ONS Research Agenda: Rapid Review to Address Structural Racism and Health Inequities. Oncol Nurs Forum 2021; 48:589-600. [PMID: 34673760 PMCID: PMC8674842 DOI: 10.1188/21.onf.589-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) formed a team to develop a necessary expansion of the 2019-2022 ONS Research Agenda, with a focus on racism and cancer care disparities. METHODS A multimethod consensus-building approach was used to develop and refine the research priorities. A panel of oncology nurse scientists and equity scholars with expertise in health disparities conducted a rapid review of the literature, consulted with experts and oncology nurses, and reviewed priorities from funding agencies. RESULTS Critical gaps in the literature were identified and used to develop priority areas for oncology nursing research, practice, and workforce development. SYNTHESIS This is the first article in a two-part series that discusses structural racism and health inequities within oncology nursing. In this article, three priority areas for oncology nursing research are presented; in the second article, strategies to improve cancer disparities and equity and diversity in the oncology workforce are described. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Research priorities are presented to inform future research that will provide methods and tools to increase health equity and reduce structural racism in oncology nursing practice, research, education, policy, and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Jones
- Professor University of Virginia School of Nursing, Assistant Director of Community Outreach and Engagement UVA Emily Couric Cancer Center
| | - Rachel Hirschey
- Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, Associate Member, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Grace Campbell
- Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing
| | - Mary E. Cooley
- Lecturer, Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Nurse Scientist, Nursing and Patient Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Robin Lally
- Interim Associate Dean for Research, Professor, University of Nebraska College of Nursing, Member Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
| | - Darryl Somayaji
- Assistant Professor, University at Buffalo, School of Nursing, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Mary Magee Gullatte
- Corporate Director Nursing Evidence Based Practice and Research, Emory Healthcare and Adjunct Faculty Emory Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing
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Neil-Sztramko SE, Belita E, Traynor RL, Clark E, Hagerman L, Dobbins M. Methods to support evidence-informed decision-making in the midst of COVID-19: creation and evolution of a rapid review service from the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:231. [PMID: 34706671 PMCID: PMC8548700 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 public health crisis has produced an immense and quickly evolving body of evidence. This research speed and volume, along with variability in quality, could overwhelm public health decision-makers striving to make timely decisions based on the best available evidence. In response to this challenge, the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools developed a Rapid Evidence Service, building on internationally accepted rapid review methodologies, to address priority COVID-19 public health questions. RESULTS Each week, the Rapid Evidence Service team receives requests from public health decision-makers, prioritizes questions received, and frames the prioritized topics into searchable questions. We develop and conduct a comprehensive search strategy and critically appraise all relevant evidence using validated tools. We synthesize the findings into a final report that includes key messages, with a rating of the certainty of the evidence using GRADE, as well as an overview of evidence and remaining knowledge gaps. Rapid reviews are typically completed and disseminated within two weeks. From May 2020 to July 21, 2021, we have answered more than 31 distinct questions and completed 32 updates as new evidence emerged. Reviews receive an average of 213 downloads per week, with some reaching over 7700. To date reviews have been accessed and cited around the world, and a more fulsome evaluation of impact on decision-making is planned. CONCLUSIONS The development, evolution, and lessons learned from our process, presented here, provides a real-world example of how review-level evidence can be made available - rapidly and rigorously, and in response to decision-makers' needs - during an unprecedented public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Neil-Sztramko
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, ON, L8P 0A1, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, 2C Area, 1280 Main St W, ON, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Emily Belita
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, ON, L8P 0A1, Hamilton, Canada
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 2J20, 1280 Main St W, ON, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robyn L Traynor
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, ON, L8P 0A1, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Ave, Halifax, B3H 1V7, NS, Canada
| | - Emily Clark
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, ON, L8P 0A1, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Leah Hagerman
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, ON, L8P 0A1, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, ON, L8P 0A1, Hamilton, Canada.
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 2J20, 1280 Main St W, ON, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, Canada.
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Rumbold B, Aoun SM. Palliative and End-of-Life Care Service Models: To What Extent Are Consumer Perspectives Considered? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101286. [PMID: 34682966 PMCID: PMC8536088 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents evidence found in a search of national and international literature for patient preferences concerning settings in which to receive palliative care and the appropriateness of different models of palliative care. The purpose was to inform end-of-life care policy and service development of the Western Australian Department of Health through a rapid review of the literature. It was found that consumer experience of palliative care is investigated poorly, and consumer contribution to service and policy design is limited and selective. Most patients experience a mix of settings during their illness, and evidence found by the review has more to do with qualities and values that will contribute to good end-of-life care in any location. Models of care do not make systematic use of the consumer data that are available to them, although an increasingly common theme is the need for integration of the various sources of care supporting dying people. It is equally clear that most integration models limit their attention to end-of-life care provided by health services. Transitions between settings merit further attention. We argue that models of care should take account of consumer experience not by incorporating generalised evidence but by co-creating services with local communities using a public health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Rumbold
- Public Health Palliative Care Unit, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Samar M. Aoun
- Public Health Palliative Care Unit, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Xu C, Ju K, Lin L, Jia P, Kwong JSW, Syed A, Furuya-Kanamori L. Rapid evidence synthesis approach for limits on the search date: How rapid could it be? Res Synth Methods 2021; 13:68-76. [PMID: 34523791 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid reviews have been widely employed to support timely decision-making, and limiting the search date is the most popular approach in published rapid reviews. We assessed the accuracy and workload of search date limits on the meta-analytical results to determine the best rapid strategy. The meta-analyses data were collected from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). We emulated the rapid reviews by limiting the search date of the original CDSR to the recent 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 7, 5, and 3 years, and their results were compared to the full meta-analyses. A random sample of 10% was drawn to repeat the literature search by the same timeframe limits to measure the relative workload reduction (RWR). The relationship between accuracy and RWR was established. We identified 21,363 meta-analyses of binary outcomes and 7683 meta-analyses of continuous outcomes from 2693 CDSRs. Our results suggested that under a maximum tolerance of 5% and 10% on the bias of magnitude, a limit on the recent 20 years can achieve good accuracy and at the same time save the most workload. Under the tolerance of 15% and 20% on the bias, a limit on the recent 10 years and 15 years could be considered. Limiting the search date is a valid rapid method to produce credible evidence for timely decisions. When conducting rapid reviews, researchers should consider both the accuracy and workload to make an appropriate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ke Ju
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Pengli Jia
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Asma Syed
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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Senovilla-González L, Hernández-Ruiz Á, García-García M. [Comparison of RACE scale to other assessment scales for large vessel arterial occlusions in the out-of-hospital level: a rapid review]. An Sist Sanit Navar 2021; 44:275-289. [PMID: 34170888 PMCID: PMC10019551 DOI: 10.23938/assn.0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases are due to large vessel arterial occlusions (LVAO). Some emergency services utilize scales to detect LVAO and determine the most appropriate treatment and medical center for the patient. The aim of this review was to compare the predictive value of the RACE scale for recognizing the presence of a LVAO with other scales used in the out-of-hospital setting. A rapid review was performed by applying the PRISMA methodology in PubMed. Twenty articles focused on the pre-hospital setting were retained. The most frequently evaluated instruments were NIHSS, CPSSS, LAMS and RACE. The scales evaluated demonstrated adequate precision in the identification of such an event, without aiming to replace imag-ing tests. The RACE showed a predictive performance comparable to the other scales, although lower than the NIHSS hospital scale, it may therefore be a useful instrument in the out-of-hospital setting.
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Probst LF, Guerrero ATG, Cardoso AIDQ, Grande AJ, Croda MG, Venturini J, Fonseca MCDC, Paniago AMM, Barreto JOM, de Oliveira SMDVL. Mask decontamination methods (model N95) for respiratory protection: a rapid review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:219. [PMID: 34364396 PMCID: PMC8349237 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N95 respiratory protection masks are used by healthcare professionals to prevent contamination from infectious microorganisms transmitted by droplets or aerosols. METHODS We conducted a rapid review of the literature analyzing the effectiveness of decontamination methods for mask reuse. The database searches were carried out up to September 2020. The systematic review was conducted in a way which simplified the stages of a complete systematic review, due to the worldwide necessity for reliable fast evidences on this matter. RESULTS A total of 563 articles were retrieved of which 48 laboratory-based studies were selected. Fifteen decontamination methods were included in the studies. A total of 19 laboratory studies used hydrogen peroxide, 21 studies used ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, 4 studies used ethylene oxide, 11 studies used dry heat, 9 studies used moist heat, 5 studies used ethanol, two studies used isopropanol solution, 11 studies used microwave oven, 10 studies used sodium hypochlorite, 7 studies used autoclave, 3 studies used an electric rice cooker, 1 study used cleaning wipes, 1 study used bar soap, 1 study used water, 1 study used multi-purpose high-level disinfection cabinet, and another 1 study used chlorine dioxide. Five methods that are promising are as follows: hydrogen peroxide vapor, ultraviolet irradiation, dry heat, wet heat/pasteurization, and microwave ovens. CONCLUSIONS We have presented the best available evidence on mask decontamination; nevertheless, its applicability is limited due to few studies on the topic and the lack of studies on real environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Fernandes Probst
- Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Gomes Guerrero
- Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals: Bio-Manguinhos. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Jose Grande
- Faculty of Medicine , State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - James Venturini
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Brazil
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Hamel C, Garritty C, Hersi M, Butler C, Esmaeilisaraji L, Rice D, Straus S, Skidmore B, Hutton B. Models of provider care in long-term care: A rapid scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254527. [PMID: 34270578 PMCID: PMC8284811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the current challenges in long-term care homes (LTCH) is to identify the optimal model of care, which may include specialty physicians, nursing staff, person support workers, among others. There is currently no consensus on the complement or scope of care delivered by these providers, nor is there a repository of studies that evaluate the various models of care. We conducted a rapid scoping review to identify and map what care provider models and interventions in LTCH have been evaluated to improve quality of life, quality of care, and health outcomes of residents. METHODS We conducted this review over 10-weeks of English language, peer-reviewed studies published from 2010 onward. Search strategies for databases (e.g., MEDLINE) were run on July 9, 2020. Studies that evaluated models of provider care (e.g., direct patient care), or interventions delivered to facility, staff, and residents of LTCH were included. Study selection was performed independently, in duplicate. Mapping was performed by two reviewers, and data were extracted by one reviewer, with partial verification by a second reviewer. RESULTS A total of 7,574 citations were screened based on the title/abstract, 836 were reviewed at full text, and 366 studies were included. Studies were classified according to two main categories: healthcare service delivery (n = 92) and implementation strategies (n = 274). The condition/ focus of the intervention was used to further classify the interventions into subcategories. The complex nature of the interventions may have led to a study being classified in more than one category/subcategory. CONCLUSION Many healthcare service interventions have been evaluated in the literature in the last decade. Well represented interventions (e.g., dementia care, exercise/mobility, optimal/appropriate medication) may present opportunities for future systematic reviews. Areas with less research (e.g., hearing care, vision care, foot care) have the potential to have an impact on balance, falls, subsequent acute care hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candyce Hamel
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantelle Garritty
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mona Hersi
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Butler
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leila Esmaeilisaraji
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Rice
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Straus
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Becky Skidmore
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Oostermeijer S, Brasier C, Harvey C, Hamilton B, Roper C, Martel A, Fletcher J, Brophy L. Design features that reduce the use of seclusion and restraint in mental health facilities: a rapid systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046647. [PMID: 34233981 PMCID: PMC8264870 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increasing efforts are being made to prevent and/or eliminate the use of seclusion and restraint in mental health facilities. Recent literature recognises the importance of the physical environment in supporting better outcomes in mental health services. This rapid review scoped the existing literature studying what physical design features of mental health facilities can reduce the use of seclusion and physical restraint. DESIGN A rapid review of peer-reviewed literature. METHODS Peer-reviewed literature was searched for studies on architectural design and the use of restraint and seclusion in mental health facilities. The following academic databases were searched: Cochrane Library, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Avery for English language literature published between January 2010 and August 2019. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. RESULTS We identified 35 peer-reviewed studies. The findings revealed several overarching themes in design efforts to reduce the use of seclusion and restraint: a beneficial physical environment (eg, access to gardens or recreational facilities); sensory or comfort rooms; and private, uncrowded and calm spaces. The critical appraisal indicated that the overall quality of studies was low, as such the findings should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSION This study found preliminary evidence that the physical environment has a role in supporting the reduction in the use of seclusion and restraint. This is likely to be achieved through a multilayered approach, founded on good design features and building towards specific design features which may reduce occurrences of seclusion and restraint. Future designs should include consumers in a codesign process to maximise the potential for change and innovation that is genuinely guided by the insights of lived experience expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Oostermeijer
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Brasier
- Social Work and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carol Harvey
- Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget Hamilton
- Centre for Psychiatric Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cath Roper
- Centre for Psychiatric Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Martel
- Melbourne School of Design, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justine Fletcher
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Brophy
- Social Work and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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[Potentials and challenges of social robots in relationships with older people: a rapid review of current debates]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 55:298-304. [PMID: 34228186 PMCID: PMC9213318 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-021-01932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Soziale Beziehungen sind bedeutsame Ressourcen für psychisches Wohlbefinden und physische Gesundheit. Im höheren Lebensalter treffen zunehmende Vulnerabilität und Funktionsverluste häufig auf reduzierte soziale Netzwerke. Mangelnde soziale Kontakte und fehlende Netzwerke bergen dabei psychische und physische Risiken für die Betroffenen, die durch den Einsatz sozialer Roboter möglicherweise abgemildert werden können. Fragestellung Welche Potenziale und Herausforderungen ergeben sich für ältere Menschen aus ihrer Interaktion mit sozialen Robotern? Material und Methoden Die Forschungsfrage wird mittels eines „rapid review“ beantwortet. Eine systematische Literatursuche ergab 433 unikale Treffer, aus denen n = 11 Artikel in die Analysen eingingen. Ergebnisse Potenziale sozialer Roboter bestehen in der Reduktion von Einsamkeit, Stärkung der (zwischenmenschlichen) Kommunikation und Stimmungsaufhellung bei gleichzeitiger Stressreduktion. Herausforderungen bestehen in der sozialen Einbettung der Roboter. Diese sei durch Aspekte wie Wohltätigkeit, Autonomie und Privatheit als Grundsätze zu gestalten, an denen sich Design und Einsatz von sozialen Robotern orientieren können, um einem Verlust von sozialen Beziehungen vorzubeugen. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen Korridor auf, der die potenzialausschöpfende Anwendung sozialer Roboter für ältere Menschen ermöglicht. Im Vordergrund steht die Analyse der Herausforderungen für den Einzelfall, da soziale Beziehungen älterer Menschen positiv sowie negativ beeinflusst werden können. Dabei orientieren sich die eingeschlossenen Artikel größtenteils am Setting Pflege. Forschung zum Einsatz sozialer Roboter bei nicht oder wenig funktionseingeschränkten Personen sollte die bestehende Literatur ergänzen. Zusatzmaterial online Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00391-021-01932-5) enthalten.
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115
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O’Sullivan L, Killeen RP, Doran P, Crowley RK. Adherence with reporting of ethical standards in COVID-19 human studies: a rapid review. BMC Med Ethics 2021; 22:80. [PMID: 34182962 PMCID: PMC8237766 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-021-00649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with COVID-19 may feel under pressure to participate in research during the pandemic. Safeguards to protect research participants include ethical guidelines [e.g. Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice (GCP)], legislation to protect participants' privacy, research ethics committees (RECs) and informed consent. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) advises researchers to document compliance with these safeguards. Adherence to publication guidelines has been suboptimal in other specialty fields. The aim of this rapid review was to determine whether COVID-19 human research publications report compliance with these ethical safeguards. METHODS A rapid systematic literature review was conducted in MEDLINE using the search term 'COVID-19'. The search was performed in April 2020 with no start date and repeated to include articles published in November 2020. Filters were 'Full free text available' and 'English Language'. Two reviewers assessed article title, abstracts and full texts. Non-COVID-19 articles and non-clinical studies were excluded. Independent reviewers conducted a second assessment of a random 20% of articles. The outcomes included reporting of compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and GCP, REC approval, informed consent and participant privacy. RESULTS The searches yielded 1275 and 1942 articles of which 247 and 717 were deemed eligible, from the April search and November respectively. The majority of journals had editorial policies which purported to comply with ICMJE ethical standards. Reporting of compliance with ethical guidelines was low across all study types but was higher in the November search for case series and observational studies. Reporting of informed consent for case studies and observational studies was higher in the November search, but similar for case series. Overall, participant confidentiality was maintained but some case studies included a combination of details which would have enabled participant identification. Reporting of REC approval was higher in the November search for observational studies. CONCLUSIONS While the majority of journal's editorial policies purported to support the ethical safeguards, many COVID-19 clinical research publications identified in this rapid review lacked documentation of these important safeguards for research participants. In order to promote public trust, ethical declarations should be included consistently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia O’Sullivan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Ireland
- Health Research Board-Trials Methodology Research Network, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33 Aras Moyola Ireland
| | - Ronan P. Killeen
- Ethics and Medical Research Committee, Saint Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, D04 T6F4 Ireland
| | - Peter Doran
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Ireland
- Saint Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, D04 T6F4 Ireland
- Health Research Board-Trials Methodology Research Network, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33 Aras Moyola Ireland
| | - Rachel K. Crowley
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Ireland
- Saint Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, D04 T6F4 Ireland
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de Boer DR, Hoekstra F, Huetink KIM, Hoekstra T, Krops LA, Hettinga FJ. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Well-Being of Adults with Physical Disabilities and/or Chronic Diseases during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6342. [PMID: 34208156 PMCID: PMC8296179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: People with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases report lower levels of physical activity and well-being than the general population, which potentially is exacerbated through the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the international literature on physical activity, sedentary behavior and well-being in adults with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases during the first wave of the pandemic. Method: In a rapid review, we included studies reporting on physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or well-being in adults with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases. Four databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase) were searched for studies published until 30 September 2020. Results: We included twenty-nine studies involving eleven different types of disabilities or health conditions from twenty-one different countries. Twenty-six studies reported on physical activity, of which one reported an increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, four studies reported no difference, and twenty-one studies reported a decrease. Thirteen studies reported a decline in well-being. Only one study measured sedentary behavior, reporting an increase. Conclusion: Despite the variety in methods used, almost all studies reported negative impacts on physical activity and well-being in people with physical disabilities and/or chronic disease during the first wave of the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of supporting this population, especially in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik R. de Boer
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.R.d.B.); (F.H.); (K.I.M.H.)
| | - Femke Hoekstra
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.R.d.B.); (F.H.); (K.I.M.H.)
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kimberley I. M. Huetink
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.R.d.B.); (F.H.); (K.I.M.H.)
| | - Trynke Hoekstra
- Department of Health Sciences and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Leonie A. Krops
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Florentina J. Hettinga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
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Heath L, Carey M, Lowney AC, Harriss E, Miller M. Pharmacological strategies used to manage symptoms of patients dying of COVID-19: A rapid systematic review. Palliat Med 2021; 35:1099-1107. [PMID: 33983081 PMCID: PMC8189007 DOI: 10.1177/02692163211013255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has tragically resulted in over 2.5 million deaths globally. Despite this, there is a lack of research on how to care for patients dying of COVID-19, specifically pharmacological management of symptoms. AIM The aim was to determine the dose ranges of pharmacological interventions commonly used to manage symptoms in adult patients dying of COVID-19, establish how effectiveness of these interventions was measured, and whether the pharmacological interventions were effective. DESIGN This was a rapid systematic review with narrative synthesis of evidence, prospectively registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020210892). DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL via the NICE Evidence Health Databases Advanced Search interface; medRxiv; the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register; and Google Scholar with no date limits. We included primary studies which documented care of patients dying of COVID-19 under the care of a specialist palliative care team. RESULTS Seven studies, documenting the care of 493 patients met the inclusion criteria. Approximately two thirds of patients required a continuous subcutaneous infusion with median doses of 15 mg morphine and 10 mg midazolam in the last 24 h of life. Four studies described effectiveness by retrospective review of documentation. One study detailed the effectiveness of individual medications. CONCLUSIONS A higher proportion of patients required continuous subcutaneous infusion than is typically encountered in palliative care. Doses of medications required to manage symptoms were generally modest. There was no evidence of a standardised yet holistic approach to measure effectiveness of these medications and this needs to be urgently addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heath
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Carey
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sir Michael Sobell House Hospice, Oxford, UK
| | - Aoife C Lowney
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sir Michael Sobell House Hospice, Oxford, UK
| | - Eli Harriss
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary Miller
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sir Michael Sobell House Hospice, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mary Miller, Consultant Palliative Medicine, Sir Michael Sobell House Hospice, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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118
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Moons P, Goossens E, Thompson DR. Rapid reviews: the pros and cons of an accelerated review process. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 20:515-519. [PMID: 34007994 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although systematic reviews are the method of choice to synthesize scientific evidence, they can take years to complete and publish. Clinicians, managers, and policy-makers often need input from scientific evidence in a more timely and resource-efficient manner. For this purpose, rapid reviews are conducted. Rapid reviews are performed using an accelerated process. However, they should not be less systematic than standard systematic reviews, and the introduction of bias must be avoided. In this article, we describe what rapid reviews are, present their characteristics, give some examples, highlight potential pitfalls, and draw attention to the importance of evidence summaries in order to facilitate adoption in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Moons
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Box 7001, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eva Goossens
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Box 7001, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Research and Innovation, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Wingert A, Pillay J, Gates M, Guitard S, Rahman S, Beck A, Vandermeer B, Hartling L. Risk factors for severity of COVID-19: a rapid review to inform vaccine prioritisation in Canada. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044684. [PMID: 33986052 PMCID: PMC8126435 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid review to determine the magnitude of association between potential risk factors and severity of COVID-19, to inform vaccine prioritisation in Canada. SETTING Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL, Epistemonikos COVID-19 in L·OVE Platform, McMaster COVID-19 Evidence Alerts and websites were searched to 15 June 2020. Eligible studies were conducted in high-income countries and used multivariate analyses. PARTICIPANTS After piloting, screening, data extraction and quality appraisal were performed by a single experienced reviewer. Of 3740 unique records identified, 34 were included that reported on median 596 (range 44-418 794) participants, aged 42-84 years. 19/34 (56%) were good quality. OUTCOMES Hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, length of stay in hospital or intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, severe disease, mortality. RESULTS Authors synthesised findings narratively and appraised the certainty of the evidence for each risk factor-outcome association. There was low or moderate certainty evidence for a large (≥2-fold) magnitude of association between hospitalisation in people with COVID-19, and: obesity class III, heart failure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, dementia, age >45 years, male gender, black race/ethnicity (vs non-Hispanic white), homelessness and low income. Age >60 and >70 years may be associated with large increases in mechanical ventilation and severe disease, respectively. For mortality, a large magnitude of association may exist with liver disease, Bangladeshi ethnicity (vs British white), age >45 years, age >80 years (vs 65-69 years) and male gender among 20-64 years (but not older). Associations with hospitalisation and mortality may be very large (≥5-fold) for those aged ≥60 years. CONCLUSIONS Increasing age (especially >60 years) may be the most important risk factor for severe outcomes. High-quality primary research accounting for multiple confounders is needed to better understand the magnitude of associations for severity of COVID-19 with several other factors. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020198001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aireen Wingert
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Pillay
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle Gates
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samantha Guitard
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sholeh Rahman
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew Beck
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ben Vandermeer
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa Hartling
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Phillips SM, Summerbell C, Ball HL, Hesketh KR, Saxena S, Hillier-Brown FC. The Validity, Reliability, and Feasibility of Measurement Tools Used to Assess Sleep of Pre-school Aged Children: A Systematic Rapid Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:770262. [PMID: 34900870 PMCID: PMC8662360 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.770262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep of pre-school aged children is important for their health and development, but there are currently no standards for measuring sleep in this age group. We aimed to examine the validity, reliability and feasibility of tools used to assess sleep of pre-school aged children. Methods: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they examined the validity and/or reliability and/or feasibility of a measurement tool used to examine sleep of pre-school aged children (aged 3-7 years). We systematically searched six electronic databases, grey literature and trial registries. We manually searched topic specific journals, reference and citations of included studies, and reference lists of existing reviews. We extracted data and conducted a risk of bias assessment on the included studies using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) risk of bias checklist. We used a narrative synthesis to present the results. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria: these explored accelerometers (n = 3) and parental reported tools (n = 13; nine questionnaires, six diaries). Studies assessed construct validity (n = 3), criterion validity (n = 1), convergent validity (n = 13), test-retest reliability (n = 2), internal consistency (n = 4) and feasibility (n = 12). Most studies assessed the convergent validity of questionnaires and diaries compared with accelerometers, but the validity of accelerometers for sleep in this age group is unknown. Of studies with a low risk of bias, one sleep diary was shown to be valid for measuring sleep duration. No measurement tools were appropriate for determining sleep quality. Reporting of reliability and feasibility was minimal. Discussion: The evidence base in this field is limited, and most studies had high risk of bias. Future research on sleep in pre-school aged children should focus on assessing the validity, reliability and feasibility of accelerometers, which in turn will improve the quality of studies that assess questionnaires and diaries against accelerometers. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021230900; PROSPERO: CRD42021230900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Phillips
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham City, United Kingdom.,The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health (Fuse), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Summerbell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham City, United Kingdom.,The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health (Fuse), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Ball
- The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health (Fuse), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Anthropology, Infancy and Sleep Centre, Durham University, Durham City, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn R Hesketh
- Department of Population Policy & Practice Research and Teaching, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Diet and Activity Research and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Saxena
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances C Hillier-Brown
- The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health (Fuse), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle University Centre of Research Excellence in Healthier Lives, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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121
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Bitar H, Alismail S. The role of eHealth, telehealth, and telemedicine for chronic disease patients during COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review. Digit Health 2021; 7:20552076211009396. [PMID: 33959378 PMCID: PMC8060773 DOI: 10.1177/20552076211009396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the current status of, and the current expert opinions, recommendation and evidence associated with the use and implementation of electronic health (eHealth), telemedicine, and/or telehealth to provide healthcare services for chronic disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science Core Collection) to identify relevant articles published between 2019 and 2020. Searches were restricted to English language articles only. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and keywords for relevance. The potential eligible articles, papers with no abstract, and those that fall into the uncertain category were read in full text independently. The reviewers met and discussed which articles to include in the final review and reached a consensus. RESULTS We identified 51 articles of which 25 articles met the inclusion criteria. All included articles indicated the promising potential of eHealth, telehealth, and/or telemedicine solutions in delivering healthcare services to patients living with chronic diseases/conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We synthesized the main findings into ten usages and eight recommendations concerning the different activities for delivering healthcare services remotely for those living with chronic diseases/conditions in the era of COVID-19. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence available about the effectiveness of such solutions. Further research is required during this pandemic to improve the credibility of evidence on telemedicine, telehealth, and/or eHealth-related outcomes for those living with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Bitar
- Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alismail
- Center for Information Systems & Technology, Claremont
Graduate University, Claremont, USA
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Garritty C, Gartlehner G, Nussbaumer-Streit B, King VJ, Hamel C, Kamel C, Affengruber L, Stevens A. Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group offers evidence-informed guidance to conduct rapid reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 2020; 130:13-22. [PMID: 33068715 PMCID: PMC7557165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop methods guidance to support the conduct of rapid reviews (RRs) produced within Cochrane and beyond, in response to requests for timely evidence syntheses for decision-making purposes including urgent health issues of high priority. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Interim recommendations were informed by a scoping review of the underlying evidence, primary methods studies conducted, and a survey sent to 119 representatives from 20 Cochrane entities, who were asked to rate and rank RR methods across stages of review conduct. Discussions among those with expertise in RR methods further informed the list of recommendations with accompanying rationales provided. RESULTS Based on survey results from 63 respondents (53% response rate), 26 RR methods recommendations are presented for which there was a high or moderate level of agreement or scored highest in the absence of such agreement. Where possible, how recommendations align with Cochrane methods guidance for systematic reviews is highlighted. CONCLUSION The Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group offers new, interim guidance to support the conduct of RRs. Because best practice is limited by the lack of currently available evidence for some RR methods shortcuts taken, this guidance will need to be updated as additional abbreviated methods are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Garritty
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada; TRIBE Graduate Program, University of Split School of Medicine, Croatia.
| | - Gerald Gartlehner
- Cochrane Austria, Danube University Krems, Krems a.d. Donau, Austria; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Valerie J King
- The Center for Evidence-based Policy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Candyce Hamel
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada; TRIBE Graduate Program, University of Split School of Medicine, Croatia
| | | | - Lisa Affengruber
- Cochrane Austria, Danube University Krems, Krems a.d. Donau, Austria
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