101
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Barta DG, Coman V, Vodnar DC. Microalgae as sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Biotechnological aspects. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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102
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Kwon T, Choi K, Han J. Separation of Ultra-High-Density Cell Suspension via Elasto-Inertial Microfluidics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101880. [PMID: 34396694 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Separation of high-density suspension particles at high throughput is crucial for many chemical, biomedical, and environmental applications. In this study, elasto-inertial microfluidics is used to manipulate ultra-high-density cells to achieve stable equilibrium positions in microchannels, aided by the inherent viscoelasticity of high-density cell suspension. It is demonstrated that ultra-high-density Chinese hamster ovary cell suspension (>26 packed cell volume% (PCV%), >95 million cells mL-1 ) can be focused at distinct lateral equilibrium positions under high-flow-rate conditions (up to 10 mL min-1 ). The effect of flow rates, channel dimensions, and cell densities on this unique focusing behavior is studied. Cell clarification is further demonstrated using this phenomenon, from 29.7 PCV% (108.1 million cells mL-1 ) to 8.3 PCV% (33.2 million cells mL-1 ) with overall 72.1% reduction efficiency and 10 mL min-1 processing rate. This work explores an extreme case of elasto-inertial particle focusing where ultra-high-density culture suspension is efficiently manipulated at high throughput. This result opens up new opportunities for practical applications of high-particle-density suspension manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehong Kwon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kyungyong Choi
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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103
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Feng Y, Xiao J, Cui N, Zhao Y, Zhao P. Enhancement of Lipid Productivity and Self-flocculation by Cocultivating Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 and Heveochlorella sp. Yu Under Mixotrophic Mode. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3173-3186. [PMID: 34089467 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To maintain high microalgae lipid productivity and flocculation efficiency simultaneously and reduce the production cost of microalgae lipids, Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 with high lipid-producing capacity and Heveochlorella sp. Yu with strong self-flocculation ability were cocultivated and studied. Cocultivated microalgae lipid productivity and flocculation efficiency were increased to 203.8 mg L-1 day-1 and 70.55%, respectively, which is potentially related to the excessive competitive depletion of nitrogen sources and the upregulation of correlative key genes in lipid anabolic metabolism. Under cocultivation conditions, microalgae cells could enter the stationary phase 2 days earlier than that under monocultivation conditions, thus reducing the culture time. Relative expression of the accD, ME, and rbcL genes was upregulated to varying degrees, and the enzyme activities of ACCase, ME, and RuBisCO were also significantly increased compared with those in monocultivation. Moreover, fatty acid composition showed that microalgae lipids in cocultivation exhibited potential as a feedstock for biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Feng
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Junmu Xiao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Na Cui
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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104
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Gavalás-Olea A, Siol A, Sakka Y, Köser J, Nentwig N, Hauser T, Filser J, Thöming J, Lang I. Potential of the Red Alga Dixoniella grisea for the Production of Additives for Lubricants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1836. [PMID: 34579369 PMCID: PMC8465309 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in algae-based raw materials for medical, cosmetic or nutraceutical applications. Additionally, the high diversity of physicochemical properties of the different algal metabolites proposes these substances from microalgae as possible additives in the chemical industry. Among the wide range of natural products from red microalgae, research has mainly focused on extracellular polymers for additive use, while this study also considers the cellular components. The aim of the present study is to analytically characterize the extra- and intracellular molecular composition from the red microalga Dixoniella grisea and to evaluate its potential for being used in the tribological industry. D. grisea samples, fractionated into extracellular polymers (EPS), cells and medium, were examined for their molecular composition. This alga produces a highly viscous polymer, mainly composed of polysaccharides and proteins, being secreted into the culture medium. The EPS and biomass significantly differed in their molecular composition, indicating that they might be used for different bio-additive products. We also show that polysaccharides and proteins were the major chemical compounds in EPS, whereas the content of lipids depended on the separation protocol and the resulting product. Still, they did not represent a major group and were thus classified as a potential valuable side-product. Lyophilized algal fractions obtained from D. grisea were found to be not toxic when EPS were not included. Upon implementation of EPS as a commercial product, further assessment on the environmental toxicity to enchytraeids and other soil organisms is required. Our results provide a possible direction for developing a process to gain an environmentally friendly bio-additive for application in the tribological industry based on a biorefinery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gavalás-Olea
- Algae Biotechnology, Institute of EcoMaterials, Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany; (A.G.-O.); (T.H.)
| | - Antje Siol
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Department Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (A.S.); (J.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Yvonne Sakka
- Center for Environmental Research and sustainable Technology (UFT), Department General and Theoretical Ecology (ÖKO), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Jan Köser
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Department Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (A.S.); (J.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Nina Nentwig
- Center for Environmental Research and sustainable Technology (UFT), Department General and Theoretical Ecology (ÖKO), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Thomas Hauser
- Algae Biotechnology, Institute of EcoMaterials, Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany; (A.G.-O.); (T.H.)
| | - Juliane Filser
- Center for Environmental Research and sustainable Technology (UFT), Department General and Theoretical Ecology (ÖKO), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Department Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (A.S.); (J.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Imke Lang
- Algae Biotechnology, Institute of EcoMaterials, Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany; (A.G.-O.); (T.H.)
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105
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Visigalli S, Barberis MG, Turolla A, Canziani R, Berden Zrimec M, Reinhardt R, Ficara E. Electrocoagulation–flotation (ECF) for microalgae harvesting – A review. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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106
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Valeriano González MT, Orta Ledesma MT, Velasquez-Orta SB, Monje Ramírez I. Harvesting microalgae using ozone-air flotation for recovery of biomass, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3267-3277. [PMID: 32109198 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1725144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study a novel ozone-air flotation microalgae harvesting method and evaluate its effect on the recovery of biomass and biocomponents (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins). Best processing conditions were established using a response surface methodology (RSM). Microalgae separation and biocomponent recovery were evaluated according to changes in gas concentration (13, 18 and 25 mgO3/L), ozone dose (0.04, 0.09 and 0.16 mg O3/mg biomass) and airflow rate (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 L/min). More than 95% of the biomass was recovered from wastewater at an ozone-air combination of 0.09 mgO3/mg biomass and 1.5 L air/min. Using ozone-air represented a reduction of 59% in the ozone dose compared to the flotation process solely using ozone (0.22 mgO3/mg biomass). In addition, there was an improved yield in the recovery of all microalgae biocomponents. A maximum yield of 0.18 mg lipids/mg biomass was achieved at: 0.16 mg O3/mg biomass, 25 mg gas O3/L and 1.5 L air/min. In conclusion, combining the use of ozone-air for separation of microalgae reduces ozone requirement and enhances lipids and proteins post-extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Valeriano González
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio Monje Ramírez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico
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107
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Elalami D, Oukarroum A, Barakat A. Anaerobic digestion and agronomic applications of microalgae for its sustainable valorization. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26444-26462. [PMID: 35480019 PMCID: PMC9037636 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04845g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered potential candidates in biorefinery processes, and due to their biochemical properties, they can be used in the production of biofuels such as biogas, as well as for bioremediation of liquid effluents. The objective of this review is to study the current status of microalgae anaerobic digestion and agricultural uses (as bio-stimulants and biofertilizers), starting from microalgae cultivation. Indeed, the efficiency of these processes necessarily depends on the evaluation of different biotic and abiotic factors that affect the growth of microalgae. However, the adaptation and the optimization of process parameters on a large scale is also limited by energy and economic constraints. Moreover, the integration of biogas production processes with microalgae cultivation allows a nutrients and CO2 virtuous loop, thus promoting the sustainability of the process. Finally, this paper provides a general overview of biogas and biofertilizers production combination, as well as the related challenges and recommended future research perspectives to complement the gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Elalami
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Ben Guérir Morocco
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Ben Guérir Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Barakat
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Ben Guérir Morocco
- IATE, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Agro Institut Montpellier 34060 France
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108
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Castro-Muñoz R, García-Depraect O. Membrane-Based Harvesting Processes for Microalgae and Their Valuable-Related Molecules: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080585. [PMID: 34436347 PMCID: PMC8400455 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interest in microalgae production deals with its role as the third generation of feedstock to recover renewable energy. Today, there is a need to analyze the ultimate research and advances in recovering the microalgae biomass from the culture medium. Therefore, this review brings the current research developments (over the last three years) in the field of harvesting microalgae using membrane-based technologies (including microfiltration, ultrafiltration and forward osmosis). Initially, the principles of membrane technologies are given to outline the main parameters influencing their operation. The main strategies adopted by the research community for the harvesting of microalgae using membranes are subsequently addressed, paying particular attention to the novel achievements made for improving filtration performance and alleviating fouling. Moreover, this contribution also gives an overview of the advantages of applying membrane technologies for the efficient extraction of the high added-value compounds in microalgae cells, such as lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, which together with the production of renewable biofuels could boost the development of more sustainable and cost-effective microalgae biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Avenida Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000 San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.C.-M.); (O.G.-D.)
| | - Octavio García-Depraect
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.C.-M.); (O.G.-D.)
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109
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Wan Osman WNA, Mat Nawi NI, Samsuri S, Bilad MR, Khan AL, Hunaepi H, Jaafar J, Lam MK. Ultra low-pressure filtration system for energy efficient microalgae filtration. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07367. [PMID: 34222699 PMCID: PMC8243011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae-based products have gained growing interest leading to an increase in large-scale cultivation. However, the high energy associated with microalgae harvesting becomes one of the bottlenecks. This study evaluated an energy-efficient microalga harvesting via ultra-low-pressure membrane (ULPM) filtration (<20 kPa) in combination with aeration. ULPM offered various benefits especially in terms of reducing the energy consumption due to it operated under low transmembrane pressure (TMP). High TMP often associated with high pumping energy hence would increase the amount of energy consumed. In addition, membrane with high TMP would severely affect by membrane compaction. Results showed that membrane compaction leads to up to 66 % clean water permeability loss when increasing the TMP from 2.5 to 19 kPa. The Chlorella vulgaris broth permeabilities decreased from 1660 and 1250 to 296 and 251 L/m2hrbar for corresponding TMPs for system with and without aeration, respectively. However, it was found that membrane fouling was more vulnerable at low TMP due to poor foulant scouring from a low crossflow velocity in which up to 56 % of permeability losses were observed. Membrane fouling is the biggest drawback of membrane system as it would reduce the membrane performance. In this study, aeration was introduced as membrane fouling control to scour-off the foulant from membrane surface and pores. In terms of energy consumption, it was observed that the specific energy consumption for the ULPM were very low of up to 4.4 × 10-3 kWh/m3. Overall, combination of low TMP with aeration offers lowest energy input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Aisyah Wan Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Normi Izati Mat Nawi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shafirah Samsuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia.,Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hunaepi Hunaepi
- Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
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110
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using microalgal lipids in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Several microalgal species can accumulate appreciable lipid quantities and therefore are characterized as oleaginous. In cosmetic formulations, lipids and their derivatives are one of the main ingredients. Different lipid classes are great moisturizing, emollient, and softening agents, work as surfactants and emulsifiers, give consistence to products, are color and fragrance carriers, act as preservatives to maintain products integrity, and can be part of the molecules delivery system. In the past, chemicals have been widely used but today’s market and customers’ demands are oriented towards natural products. Microalgae are an extraordinary source of lipids and other many bioactive molecules. Scientists’ attention to microalgae cultivation for their industrial application is increasing. For the high costs associated, commercialization of microalgae and their products is still not very widespread. The possibility to use biomass for various industrial purposes could make microalgae more economically competitive.
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111
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Gobi S, Gobi K, Lee KT, Vadivelu V. Self-flocculation of enriched mixed microalgae culture in a sequencing batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26595-26605. [PMID: 33484460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based biodiesel has gained widespread interest as an alternative energy source. Low-cost microalgae harvesting technologies are important for economically feasible biodiesel production. This study investigated, for the first time, the impact of adaptation period and height to diameter (H/D) ratio of a reactor on the growth and self-flocculation of microalgae, without the addition of bacteria. Six reactors were grouped into three sets of experiments, and each reactor was operated for 30 days at similar operating conditions (volume exchange ratio = 25% and settling time = 30 min). In set 1, two 8-L reactors, H5a (H/D ratio: 5) and H8a (H/D ratio: 8), were operated under batch operation. In set 2, reactors H5b and H8b were operated as sequential batch reactors (SBRs) without an adaptation period. In set 3, the reactors H5c and H8c were operated as SBRs with an adaptation period. The findings showed a threefold improvement in biomass productivity for the higher H/D ratio (H8c) and a reduction in biomass loss for microalgae. The H8c reactor exhibited 95% settling efficiency within 5 days, in comparison to 30 days for the H5c reactor. This study demonstrated that a higher H/D ratio and the introduction of an adaptation period in SBR operation positively influences growth and self-flocculation of enriched mixed microalgae culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthini Gobi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kanadasan Gobi
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Vel Vadivelu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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112
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Ray A, Banerjee S, Das D. Microalgal bio-flocculation: present scenario and prospects for commercialization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26294-26312. [PMID: 33797715 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The need for sustainable production of renewable biofuel has been a global concern in the recent times. Overcoming the tailbacks of the first- and second-generation biofuels, third-generation biofuel using microalgae as feedstock has emerged as a plausible alternative. It has an added advantage of preventing any greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with simultaneous carbon dioxide sequestration. Dewatering of microalgal culture is one of the many concerns regarding industrial-scale biofuel production. The small size of microalgae and dilute nature of its growth cultures creates huge operational cost during biomass separation, limiting economic feasibility of algae-based fuels. Considering the recovery efficiency, operation economics, technological feasibility and cost-effectiveness, bio-flocculation is a promising method of harvesting. Moreover, advantage of bio-flocculation over other conventional methods is that it does not incur the addition of any external chemical flocculants. This article reviews the current status of bio-flocculation technique for harvesting microalgae at industrial scale. The various microbial strains that can be prospective bioflocculants have been reviewed along with its application and advantages over chemical flocculants. Also, this article proposes that the primary focus of an appropriate harvesting technique should depend on the final utilization of the harvested biomass. This review article attempts to bring forth the beneficial aspects of microbial aided microalgal harvesting with a special attention on genetically modified self-flocculation microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayusmita Ray
- P K Sinha Centre for Bioenergy and Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sanjukta Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- P K Sinha Centre for Bioenergy and Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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113
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Ruggeri MVR, Godoy RFB, Arroyo PA, Trevisan E. Evaluation of natural flocculant efficiency in the harvest of microalgae Monoraphidium contortum. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study assesses two parameters that can result in high efficiency in the recovery of the microalgae Monoraphidium contortum. The significant contribution of this paper is to test different coagulants in different conditions of concentration in the coagulation and flocculation processes followed by sedimentation to evidence the best coagulant and the best condition for harvesting of Monoraphidium contortum biomass. So the proposed methodology aimed to perform preliminary tests using a tannin-based cationic coagulant (TANFLOC SG®), FeCl2, and Al2 (SO4)3, where they were performed at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg L−1 at a fast mixing speed of 400 RPM. The tests determined 20 mg L−1 of Tanfloc SG® as the most efficient turbidity reduction in the preliminary test. The obtained results were used to construct a non-factorial central composite planning. Therefore, after a design of experiments, the study outcome shows the best turbidity removal range from the main tests came at 35 mg L−1 and 550 RPM of fast mixing speed.
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114
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Zheng M, Yang Y, Qiao S, Zhou J, Quan X. A porous carbon-based electro-Fenton hollow fiber membrane with good antifouling property for microalgae harvesting. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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115
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Lin MZ, Li WX, Hu T, Bu H, Li ZL, Wu T, Wu XX, Sun C, Li Y, Jiang GB. One-step removal of harmful algal blooms by dual-functional flocculant based on self-branched chitosan integrated with flotation function. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117710. [PMID: 33673989 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms induce severe environmental problems. It is challenging to remove algae by the current available treatments involving complicate process and costly instruments. Here, we developed a CaO2@PEG-loaded water-soluble self-branched chitosan (CP-SBC) system, which can remove algae from water in one-step without additional instrumentation. This approach utilizes a novel flocculant (self-branched chitosan) integrated with flotation function (induced by CaO2@PEG). CP-SBC exhibited better flocculation performance than commercial flocculants, which is attributed to the enhanced bridging and sweeping effect of branched chitosan. CP-SBC demonstrated outstanding biocompatibility, which was verified by zebrafish test and algae activity test. CaO2@PEG-loaded self-branched chitosan can serve as an "Air flotation system" to spontaneous float the flocs after flocculation by sustainably released O2. Furthermore, CP-SBC can improve water quality through minimizing dissolved oxygen depletion and reducing total phosphorus concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huaitian Bu
- Department of Materials and Nanotechnology, SINTEF Industry, Forskningsveien 1, Oslo, 0373, Norway
| | - Zeng-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xia-Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Gang-Biao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Kiran BR, Venkata Mohan S. Microalgal Cell Biofactory-Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Functional Food Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:836. [PMID: 33919450 PMCID: PMC8143517 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are multifaceted photosynthetic microorganisms with emerging business potential. They are present ubiquitously in terrestrial and aquatic environments with rich species diversity and are capable of producing significant biomass. Traditionally, microalgal biomass is being used as food and feed in many countries around the globe. The production of microalgal-based bioactive compounds at an industrial scale through biotechnological interventions is gaining interest more recently. The present review provides a detailed overview of the key algal metabolites, which plays a crucial role in nutraceutical, functional foods, and animal/aquaculture feed industries. Bioactive compounds of microalgae known to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects were comprehensively reviewed. The potential microalgal species and biological extracts against human pathogens were also discussed. Further, current technologies involved in upstream and downstream bioprocessing including cultivation, harvesting, and cell disruption were documented. Establishing microalgae as an alternative supplement would complement the sustainable and environmental requirements in the framework of human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India;
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117
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Das P, V P C, Mathimani T, Pugazhendhi A. Recent advances in thermochemical methods for the conversion of algal biomass to energy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144608. [PMID: 33421791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermochemical techniques are being operated for the complete conversion of diverse biomasses to biofuels. Among the feedstocks used for thermochemical processes, algae are the promising biomass sources owing to their advantages over other feedstocks such as biomass productivity, renewability and sustainability. Due to several advantages, algal biomass is considered as a source for third generation biofuel. This review work aims to provide a state-of-the-art on the most commonly used thermochemical methods namely torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification processes. Furthermore, the production of biofuels from algal biomass was comprehensively articulated. Different algal strains used in thermochemical techniques and their conditions of operation were compared and discussed. The yield and quality of solid (char), liquid (bio-oil) and gaseous (syngas) products obtained through thermochemical methods were reviewed and analysed to understand the efficacy of each technique. End product percentage, quality and advantages of the torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification were summarized. It is found that the biofuel produced from the torrefaction process was easy to store and deliver and had higher utilization efficiency. Among the existing thermochemical methods, the pyrolysis process was widely used for the complete conversion of algal biomass to bio-oil or char. This study also revealed that the gasification (supercritical) method was the most energy efficient process for conversion of wet algal biomass. The reactor used in the thermochemical process and its subprocess was also highlighted. This study revealed that the fixed bed reactor was suitable for small scale production whereas the fluidized bed reactor could be scaled up for industrial production. In addition to that environmental impacts of the products were also spotlighted. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of algal biomass to bioenergy conversion were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Das
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Chandramohan V P
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India.
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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118
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Sánchez-Contreras MI, Morales-Arrieta S, Okoye PU, Guillén-Garcés RA, Sebastian PJ, Arias DM. Recycling industrial wastewater for improved carbohydrate-rich biomass production in a semi-continuous photobioreactor: Effect of hydraulic retention time. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112065. [PMID: 33561761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate a mixed microalgae culture's capacity to simultaneously remove nutrients and organic matter from industrial effluents while producing carbohydrate-rich biomass. A culture initially dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp. was inoculated in a lab-scale stirred tank photobioreactor, operating at 10, 8, and 6 days hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results show that different HRT led to different inorganic carbon profiles and N:P ratios in the culture, influencing microbial changes, and carbohydrate content. Hence, higher N-NH4+ removal efficiencies were obtained at HRT of 10 d and decreased with decreasing HRT. Whereas, complete depletion of P-PO43- was achieved only at HRT of 8 d and 6 d. Also, the highest COD removal efficiency (60%) was achieved at 6 d of HRT. The maximum accumulation of carbohydrates was achieved at HRT of 8 d, which presented an N:P ratio of 22:1 and carbon availability, recording a constant carbohydrate content of 57% without any additional carbon source. Furthermore, this operational condition reached the best biomass production of 0.033 g L-1d-1 of easy-settling cyanobacteria dominated culture. According to the results, this process presents an alternative to recycling industrial effluents and, at the same time, grow valuable biomass, closing a loop for sustainable economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Isabel Sánchez-Contreras
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos. CP, 62580, Mexico; Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col, Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec, Morelos. CP, 62550, Mexico
| | - Sandra Morales-Arrieta
- Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col, Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec, Morelos. CP, 62550, Mexico
| | - Patrick U Okoye
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos. CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - Rosa Angélica Guillén-Garcés
- Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col, Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec, Morelos. CP, 62550, Mexico
| | - P J Sebastian
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos. CP, 62580, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Arias
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Priv. Xochicalco s/n, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos. CP, 62580, Mexico.
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119
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Laamanen C, Desjardins S, Senhorinho G, Scott J. Harvesting microalgae for health beneficial dietary supplements. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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120
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Mokhtar N, Chang LS, Soon Y, Wan Mustapha WA, Sofian-Seng NS, Rahman HA, Mohd Razali NS, Shuib S, Abdul Hamid A, Lim SJ. Harvesting Aurantiochytrium sp. SW1 using organic flocculants and characteristics of the extracted oil. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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121
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Prospects of Microalgae for Biomaterial Production and Environmental Applications at Biorefineries. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are increasingly viewed as renewable biological resources for a wide range of chemical compounds that can be used as or transformed into biomaterials through biorefining to foster the bioeconomy of the future. Besides the well-established biofuel potential of microalgae, key microalgal bioactive compounds, such as lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, pigments, vitamins, and polyphenols, possess a wide range of biomedical and nutritional attributes. Hence, microalgae can find value-added applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, personal care, animal food, and agricultural industries. Microalgal biomass can be processed into biomaterials for use in dyes, paints, bioplastics, biopolymers, and nanoparticles, or as hydrochar and biochar in solid fuel cells and soil amendments. Equally important is the use of microalgae in environmental applications, where they can serve in heavy metal bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and carbon sequestration thanks to their nutrient uptake and adsorptive properties. The present article provides a comprehensive review of microalgae specifically focused on biomaterial production and environmental applications in an effort to assess their current status and spur further deployment into the commercial arena.
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122
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Mahata C, Dhar S, Ray S, Das D. Flocculation characteristics of anaerobic sludge driven-extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) extracted by different methods on microalgae harvesting for lipid utilization. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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123
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Optimization and operation of a demonstrative full scale microalgae harvesting unit based on coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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124
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Vu HP, Nguyen LN, Vu MT, Labeeuw L, Emmerton B, Commault AS, Ralph PJ, Mahlia TMI, Nghiem LD. Harvesting Porphyridium purpureum using polyacrylamide polymers and alkaline bases and their impact on biomass quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142412. [PMID: 33032127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the flocculation efficiency of Porphyridium purpureum (i.e. a red marine microalga with high content of pigments and fatty acids) grown in seawater medium using polyacrylamide polymers and alkaline flocculation. Polymers Flopam™ and FO3801 achieved the highest flocculation efficiency of over 99% at the optimal dose of 21 mg per g of dry biomass through charge neutralisation and bridging mechanism. The addition of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate also achieved flocculation efficiency of 98 and 91%, respectively, but high doses were required (i.e. > 500 mg per g of dry biomass). Calcium hydroxide was not as effective and could only achieve 75% flocculation efficiency. Precipitation of magnesium hydroxide was identified as the major cause of hydroxide-induced flocculation. On the other hand, sodium carbonate addition induced flocculation via both magnesium and calcium carbonate co-precipitation. The large mass of precipitates caused a sweeping effect and enmeshed the microalgal cells to trigger sedimentation. Cell membrane integrity analysis of flocculated P. purpureum indicated that polyacrylamide polymers led to significant compromised cells (i.e. 96%), compared to the alkaline bases (70-96% compromised cells). These results appear to be the first to demonstrate the high efficiency of polyacrylamide polymer and alkaline flocculation of P. purpureum but at the expense of the biomass quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang P Vu
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Minh T Vu
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Leen Labeeuw
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Benjamin Emmerton
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Audrey S Commault
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - T M I Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Nguyen Tat Thanh University, NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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125
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Ozdalgic B, Ustun M, Dabbagh SR, Haznedaroglu BZ, Kiraz A, Tasoglu S. Microfluidics for microalgal biotechnology. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1545-1563. [PMID: 33410126 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have expanded their roles as renewable and sustainable feedstocks for biofuel, smart nutrition, biopharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, biosensing, and space technologies. They accumulate valuable biochemical compounds from protein, carbohydrate, and lipid groups, including pigments and carotenoids. Microalgal biomass, which can be adopted for multivalorization under biorefinery settings, allows not only the production of various biofuels but also other value-added biotechnological products. However, state-of-the-art technologies are required to optimize yield, quality, and the economical aspects of both upstream and downstream processes. As such, the need to use microfluidic-based devices for both fundamental research and industrial applications of microalgae, arises due to their microscale sizes and dilute cultures. Microfluidics-based devices are superior to their competitors through their ability to perform multiple functions such as sorting and analyzing small amounts of samples (nanoliter to picoliter) with higher sensitivities. Here, we review emerging applications of microfluidic technologies on microalgal processes in cell sorting, cultivation, harvesting, and applications in biofuels, biosensing, drug delivery, and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin Ozdalgic
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Advanced Vocational School, Dogus University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Ustun
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Arcelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berat Z Haznedaroglu
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Kiraz
- Department of Physics, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Arcelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Cengelkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
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126
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Salakkam A, Sittijunda S, Mamimin C, Phanduang O, Reungsang A. Valorization of microalgal biomass for biohydrogen generation: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124533. [PMID: 33348113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Third generation biomass, i.e. microalgae, has emerged as a promising alternative to first and second generation biomass for biohydrogen production. However, its utilization is still low at present, due to several reasons including the strong and rigidity of the microalgal cell wall that limit the hydrolysis efficiency during dark fermentation (DF) and photofermentation (PF) processes. To improve the utilization efficiency of microalgal biomass, it is crucial that important aspects related to the production of the biomass and the following processes are elaborated. Thus, this article provides detailed overview of algal strains, cultivation, and harvesting. It also presents recent research and detailed information on microalgal biomass pretreatment, and biohydrogen production through DF, PF, and co-digestion of microalgal biomass with organic materials. Furthermore, factors affecting fermentation processes performance and the use of molecular techniques in biohydrogen production are presented. This review also discusses challenges and future prospects towards biohydrogen production from microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apilak Salakkam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Sittijunda
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Mamimin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Orawan Phanduang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
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Bhatia SK, Mehariya S, Bhatia RK, Kumar M, Pugazhendhi A, Awasthi MK, Atabani AE, Kumar G, Kim W, Seo SO, Yang YH. Wastewater based microalgal biorefinery for bioenergy production: Progress and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141599. [PMID: 32890799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater is very important to protect downstream users from health risks and meet the freshwater demand of the ever-increasing world population. Different types of wastewater (textile, dairy, pharmaceutical, swine, municipal, etc.) vary in composition and require different treatment strategies. Wastewater management and treatment is an expensive process; hence, it is important to integrate relevant technology into this process to make it more feasible and cost-effective. Wastewater treatment using microalgae-based technology could be a global solution for resource recovery from wastewater and to provide affordable feedstock for bioenergy (biodiesel, biohydrogen, bio-alcohol, methane, and bioelectricity) production. Various microalgal cultivation systems (open or closed photobioreactors), turf scrubber, and hybrid systems have been developed. Although many algal biomass harvesting methods (physical, chemical, biological, and electromagnetic) have been reported, it is still an expensive process. In this review article, resource recovery from wastewater using algal cultivation, biomass harvesting, and various technologies applied in converting algal biomass into bioenergy, along with the various challenges that are encountered are discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Ravi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - A E Atabani
- Alternative Fuels Research Laboratory (AFRL), Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus 4036 Stavanger, Norway; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Oh Seo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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128
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Wang Q, Oshita K, Takaoka M. Effective lipid extraction from undewatered microalgae liquid using subcritical dimethyl ether. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:17. [PMID: 33422122 PMCID: PMC7797121 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies of lipid extraction from microalgae have focused primarily on dewatered or dried samples, and the processes are simple with high lipid yield. Yet, the dewatering with drying step is energy intensive, which makes the energy input during the lipid production more than energy output from obtained lipid. Thus, exploring an extraction technique for just a thickened sample without the dewatering, drying and auxiliary operation (such as cell disruption) is very significant. Whereas lipid extraction from the thickened microalgae is complicated by the high water content involved, and traditional solvent, hence, cannot work well. Dimethyl ether (DME), a green solvent, featuring a high affinity for both water and organic compounds with an ability to penetrate the cell walls has the potential to achieve this goal. RESULTS This study investigated an energy-saving method for lipid extraction using DME as the solvent with an entrainer solution (ethanol and acetone) for flocculation-thickened microalgae. Extraction efficiency was evaluated in terms of extraction time, DME dosage, entrainer dosage, and ethanol:acetone ratio. Optimal extraction occurred after 30 min using 4.2 mL DME per 1 mL microalgae, with an entrainer dosage of 8% at 1:2 ethanol:acetone. Raw lipid yields and its lipid component (represented by fatty acid methyl ester) contents were compared against those of common extraction methods (Bligh and Dryer, and Soxhlet). Thermal gravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and C/H/N elemental analyses were used to examine differences in lipids extracted using each of the evaluated methods. Considering influence of trace metals on biodiesel utilization, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analyses were used to quantify trace metals in the extracted raw lipids, which revealed relatively high concentrations of Mg, Na, K, and Fe. CONCLUSIONS Our DME-based method recovered 26.4% of total raw lipids and 54.4% of total fatty acid methyl esters at first extraction with remnants being recovered by a 2nd extraction. In additional, the DME-based approach was more economical than other methods, because it enabled simultaneous dewatering with lipid extraction and no cell disruption was required. The trace metals of raw lipids indicated a purification demand in subsequent refining process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Oshita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Cluster C, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
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129
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The effects of fermentation with lactic acid bacteria on the antioxidant and anti-glycation properties of edible cyanobacteria and microalgae. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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130
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Taghavijeloudar M, Kebria DY, Yaqoubnejad P. Simultaneous harvesting and extracellular polymeric substances extrusion of microalgae using surfactant: Promoting surfactant-assisted flocculation through pH adjustment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124224. [PMID: 33254453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the use of four different types of surfactants on biomass harvesting and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extrusion of Chlorella sorokiniana sp was investigated. The synergy between cationic surfactants and pH was tested to improve flocculation efficiency through the combined mechanism of charge neutralization, bridging and sweeping. Zeta potential and microscopic images were used to gain mechanistic understanding. The harvesting efficacy correlated positively with the biomass zeta potential and the surfactants alkyl-chain length; i.e., CTAB (88%) > DTAB (66%) > triton X-100 (41%) > SDS (11%). When the pH increased from 8 to 12, the harvesting efficiency was improved 12% and 39% for CTAB and DTAB, respectively. More interestingly, pH adjustment dramatically reduced the optimal dosages of CTAB and DTAB from 400 to 50 and 1000 to 300 mg/L, respectively. All selected surfactants could successfully release high value components of EPS such as protein and polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Iran.
| | - Daryoush Yousefi Kebria
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Iran
| | - Poone Yaqoubnejad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box: 484, Babol, Iran
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131
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Zhao Z, Liu B, Ilyas A, Vanierschot M, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IF. Harvesting microalgae using vibrating, negatively charged, patterned polysulfone membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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132
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Butler TO, Acurio K, Mukherjee J, Dangasuk MM, Corona O, Vaidyanathan S. The transition away from chemical flocculants: Commercially viable harvesting of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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133
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Demir I, Blockx J, Dague E, Guiraud P, Thielemans W, Muylaert K, Formosa-Dague C. Nanoscale Evidence Unravels Microalgae Flocculation Mechanism Induced by Chitosan. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8446-8459. [PMID: 35019616 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising resource for biofuel production, although their industrial use is limited by the lack of effective harvesting techniques. Flocculation consists in the aggregation and adhesion of cells into flocs that can be more easily removed from water than individual cells. Although it is an efficient harvesting technique, contamination is a major issue as chemical flocculants are often used. An alternative is to use natural biopolymers flocculants such as chitosan. Chitosan is a biobased nontoxic polymer that has been effectively used to harvest Chlorella vulgaris cells at a pH lower than its pKa (6.5). While the reported flocculation mechanism is said to rely on electrostatic interactions between chitosan and the negative cell surface, no molecular evidence has yet confirmed this mechanism. In this study, we performed force spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments to probe the interactions between C. vulgaris cells and chitosan at the molecular scale to decipher its flocculation mechanism. Our results showed that at pH 6, chitosan interacts with C. vulgaris cell wall through biological interactions rather than electrostatic interactions. These observations were confirmed by comparing the data with cationically modified cellulose nanocrystals, for which the flocculation mechanism, relying on an electrostatic patch mechanism, has already been described for C. vulgaris. Further AFM experiments also showed that a different mechanism was at play at higher pH, based on chitosan precipitation. Thus, this AFM-based approach highlights the complexity of chitosan-induced flocculation mechanisms for C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Demir
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jonas Blockx
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Guiraud
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Laboratory for Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Cécile Formosa-Dague
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRAE, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,Fédération de Recherche FERMAT, CNRS, 31000 Toulouse, France
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134
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Ferreira J, de Assis LR, Oliveira APDS, Castro JDS, Calijuri ML. Innovative microalgae biomass harvesting methods: Technical feasibility and life cycle analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:140939. [PMID: 32763596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to ease one of the main challenges of biomass production in wastewater, the harvest stage, this study proposes as main innovations: the comparison of technical and environmental performance of different methods of harvesting biomass which have not been addressed in the literature and the projection of an optimal environmental scenario for biomass harvesting. For this, three harvesting methods were evaluated and compared, namely the gravitational sedimentation (GS) via settling tank, coagulation with tannin followed by gravitational sedimentation (TC/GS), and a biofilm reactor operated in parallel with a settling tank (BR/GS). TC/GS required less time to concentrate the biomass (121.13 g/day); however, the biomass had a higher moisture content (99.02%), which may compromise its direct application for production of most bioproducts and bioenergy, only a dewatering step is recommended. The harvesting methods interfered in biomass characterisation, mainly in carbohydrate content, which was higher in biomass concentrated over time (28-37%) than biomass concentrated in a single day by coagulation (13.8%). The results of the life cycle assessment revealed that in scenarios which included TC/GS methods and the BR/GS presented less environmental impact in relation to only GS. Additionally, the combination of these two methods comprises the best scenario and promises to optimise the harvest of biomass grown in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Rodrigues de Assis
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Paulo de Sousa Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jackeline de Siqueira Castro
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Advanced Environmental Research Group - nPA, Department of Civil Engineering, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Brazil
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135
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Rodrigues de Assis L, Calijuri ML, Assemany PP, Silva TA, Teixeira JS. Innovative hybrid system for wastewater treatment: High-rate algal ponds for effluent treatment and biofilm reactor for biomass production and harvesting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 274:111183. [PMID: 32784083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of algal biomass still faces challenges associated with the harvesting stages. To address this issue, we propose an innovative hybrid system, in which a biofilm reactor (BR) operates as an algal biomass production and harvesting unit connected to a high-rate algal pond (HRAP), a wastewater treatment unit. BR did not interfered with the biomass chemical composition (protein = 32%, carbohydrates = 11% and total lipids = 18%), with the wastewater treatment (removals efficiency: chemical oxygen demand = 59%, ammonia nitrogen = 78%, total phosphorus = 16% and Escherichia coli = 1 log unit), and did not alter the sedimentation characteristics of the biomass (sludge volume index = 29 mg/L and humidity content = 92%) in the secondary settling tank of the hybrid system. On the other hand, the results showed that this technology achieved a biomass production about 2.6x greater than the conventional system without a BR, and the efficiency of harvesting of the hybrid system was 61%, against 22% obtained with the conventional system. In addition, the BR promoted an increase in the density (~1011 org/m2) and diversity of microalgae in the hybrid system. Chlorella vulgaris was the most abundant species (>60%) from the 4th week of operation until the end of the experiment. Hence, results confirm that the integration of BR into a wastewater treatment plant optimised the production and harvesting of biomass of the hybrid system, making it a promising technology. The importance of economic and environmental analysis studies of BR is highlighted in order to enable its implementation on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Rodrigues de Assis
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Peixoto Assemany
- Department of Water Resources and Sanitation, Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA), Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Abrantes Silva
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jamily Santos Teixeira
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, S/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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136
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Lv J, Liu G, Feng J, Liu Q, Nan F, Liu X, Xie S. Harvesting biomass of an oil-rich microalga Parachlorella kessleri TY02 by ferric chloride: Effects on harvesting efficiency, lipid production and municipal wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111128. [PMID: 32736121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic coagulants have been widely used to harvest microalgal biomass. A great deal of attention has been mainly focused on the response of harvesting efficiency, lipid production and feasibility of the reuse of medium to inorganic coagulants. The physiological state of harvested cells and feasibility of wastewater treatment remain unclear. In this context, the effect of ferric chloride as a conventional inorganic coagulant on the harvesting efficiency, physiological state and lipid content of an oil-rich microalga Parachlorella kessleri TY02 was evaluated. Moreover, the performance of harvested cells for municipal wastewater treatment was also evaluated. When the dosage of iron ions was 0.077 mg/mg dry biomass and the sedimentation time was 5 min, the microalga had good harvesting efficiency and cell viability. As the dosage of iron ions was up to 0.15 mg/mg dry biomass, cell viability notably decreased. Cells harvested by 0.077 and 0.15 mg/mg dry biomass of iron ions showed good wastewater treatment efficiency. It was also found that long sedimentation time (40 min) not only did not promote harvesting efficiency, but also reduced cell viability. Iron ions had no notable effect on lipid content of the microalga. Through comprehensive evaluation of harvesting efficiency, lipid production, physiological state and wastewater treatment efficiency, it indicated that 0.077 mg/mg dry biomass of iron ions could be used to harvest biomass of the microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Lv
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guoji Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Fangru Nan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Shulian Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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137
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Purnima M, Arul Manikandan N, Pakshirajan K, Pugazhenthi G. Recovery of microalgae from its broth solution using kaolin based tubular ceramic membranes prepared with different binders. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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138
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Maia JLD, Cardoso JS, Mastrantonio DJDS, Bierhals CK, Moreira JB, Costa JAV, Morais MGD. Microalgae starch: A promising raw material for the bioethanol production. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2739-2749. [PMID: 33470200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is currently the most successful biofuel and can be produced from microalgal biomass (third-generation). Ethanol from microalgal biomass has advantages because it does not use arable land and reduces environmental impacts through the sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere. In this way, micro and macroalgal starch, which is structurally similar to that from higher plants can be considered a promise raw material for the production of bioethanol. Thus, strategies can be used to intensify the carbohydrate concentration in the microalgal biomass enabling the production of third-generation bioethanol. The microalgae biomass can be destined to biorefineries so that the residual biomass generated from the extraction processes is used for the production of high value-added products. Therefore, the process will have an impact on reducing the production costs and the generation of waste. In this context, this review aims to bring concepts and perspectives on the production of third-generation bioethanol, demonstrating the microalgal biomass potential as a carbon source to produce bioethanol and supply part of the world energy demand. The main factors that influence the microalgal cultivation and fermentation process, as well as the processes of transformation of biomass into the easily fermentable substrate are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lucas da Maia
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Soares Cardoso
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Duna Joanol da Silveira Mastrantonio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Krause Bierhals
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Botelho Moreira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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139
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Najjar YS, Abu-Shamleh A. Harvesting of microalgae by centrifugation for biodiesel production: A review. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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140
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Liu W, Cui Y, Cheng P, Huo S, Ma X, Chen Q, Cobb K, Chen P, Ma J, Gao X, Ruan R. Microwave assisted flocculation for harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123770. [PMID: 32652448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae harvesting is a major hindrance for the development of the microalgae industry. In this paper, short microwave treatment was used to assist the flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris with three flocculants, Fe3+ (FeCl3), chitosan, and Ca2+ (CaCl2). A microwave irradiation time of 20 s, and a pH of 10 was found to be the optimum condition. The harvesting efficiency could be significantly increased by 43.2%, 49.5% and 39.6%, respectively for Fe3+, chitosan, and Ca2+ assisted by microwave under these conditions. Microwave treatment did not cause any damage to the algal cells, and had no obvious influence on the lipid extraction. Microwave treatment decreased the concentration of the flocculants in culture medium after flocculation; this treatment enabled the reuse of the supernatant. This study provides a new and promising method of improving the flocculation efficiency for microalgae harvesting, by using microwave energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yunqian Cui
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Kirk Cobb
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Junjian Ma
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xinguo Gao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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141
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Tan JS, Lee SY, Chew KW, Lam MK, Lim JW, Ho SH, Show PL. A review on microalgae cultivation and harvesting, and their biomass extraction processing using ionic liquids. Bioengineered 2020; 11:116-129. [PMID: 31909681 PMCID: PMC6999644 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1711626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The richness of high-value bio-compounds derived from microalgae has made microalgae a promising and sustainable source of useful product. The present work starts with a review on the usage of open pond and photobioreactor in culturing various microalgae strains, followed by an in-depth evaluation on the common harvesting techniques used to collect microalgae from culture medium. The harvesting methods discussed include filtration, centrifugation, flocculation, and flotation. Additionally, the advanced extraction technologies using ionic liquids as extractive solvents applied to extract high-value bio-compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and other bioactive compounds from microalgae biomass are summarized and discussed. However, more work needs to be done to fully utilize the potential of microalgae biomass for the application in large-scale production of biofuels, food additives, and nutritive supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sen Tan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia.,Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.,Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
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142
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Abstract
As the demand for biofuels increases globally, microalgae offer a viable biomass feedstock to produce biofuel. With abundant sources of biomass in rural communities, these materials could be converted to biodiesel. Efforts are being done in order to pursue commercialization. However, its main usage is for other applications such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and aquaculture, which has a high return of investment. In the last 5 decades of algal research, cultivation to genetically engineered algae have been pursued in order to push algal biofuel commercialization. This will be beneficial to society, especially if coupled with a good government policy of algal biofuels and other by-products. Algal technology is a disruptive but complementary technology that will provide sustainability with regard to the world’s current issues. Commercialization of algal fuel is still a bottleneck and a challenge. Having a large production is technical feasible, but it is not economical as of now. Efforts for the cultivation and production of bio-oil are still ongoing and will continue to develop over time. The life cycle assessment methodology allows for a sustainable evaluation of the production of microalgae biomass to biodiesel.
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143
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CRISPR/Cas technology promotes the various application of Dunaliella salina system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8621-8630. [PMID: 32918585 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina (D. salina) has been widely applied in various fields because of its inherent advantages, such as the study of halotolerant mechanism, wastewater treatment, recombinant proteins expression, biofuel production, preparation of natural materials, and others. However, owing to the existence of low yield or in the laboratory exploration stage, D. salina system has been greatly restricted for practical production of various components. In past decade, significant progresses have been achieved for research of D. salina in these fields. Among them, D. salina as a novel expression system demonstrated a bright prospect, especially for large-scale production of foreign proteins, like the vaccines, antibodies, and other therapeutic proteins. Due to the low efficiency, application of traditional regulation tools is also greatly limited for exploration of D. salina system. The emergence of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system offers a precise editing tool to overcome the obstacles of D. salina system. This review not only comprehensively summarizes the recent progresses of D. salina in domain of gene engineering but also gives a deep analysis of problems and deficiencies in different fields of D. salina. Moreover, further prospects of CRISPR/Cas system and its significant challenges have been discussed in various aspects of D. salina. It provides a great referencing value for speeding up the maturity of D. salina system, and also supplies practical guiding significance to expand the new application fields for D. salina. KEY POINTS: • The review provides recent research progresses of various applications of D. salina. • The problems and deficiencies in different fields of D. salina were deeply analyzed. • The further prospects of CRISPR/Cas technology in D. salina system were predicted. • CRISPR/Cas system will promote the new application fields and maturity for D. salina.
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144
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Potocar T, Leite LDS, Daniel LA, Pivokonsky M, Matoulkova D, Branyik T. Cooking oil-surfactant emulsion in water for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris by sedimentation or flotation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123508. [PMID: 32416494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel harvesting emulsion (HEM) consisting of cooking oil in an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was tested for the harvesting of a technologically important microalga, Chlorella vulgaris. The influence of HEM dose, biomass and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (model interferer compound) on harvesting efficiency (E) were studied. The HEM E was over 90% at pH 10 (0.33% (v/v) cooking oil, 6.7 mg/L of CTAB) and 12 (0.13% (v/v) cooking oil, 2.7 mg/L of CTAB). Harvesting efficiencies at pH 4 and 7 were < 73.5% due to the absence of precipitate formation. Bovine serum albumin (10 mg/L) increased the HEM dose necessary to achieve E ˃ 90% by 1.2 (pH 10), and 3 fold (pH 12). By manipulating the dose of HEM and pH, the method of harvesting (flocculation/sedimentation or flotation) was adjustable depending on the technological requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Potocar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luan de Souza Leite
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Daniel
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-59 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Matoulkova
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lipova 15, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Branyik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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145
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Estrada-Graf A, Hernández S, Morales M. Biomitigation of CO 2 from flue gas by Scenedesmus obtusiusculus AT-UAM using a hybrid photobioreactor coupled to a biomass recovery stage by electro-coagulation-flotation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28561-28574. [PMID: 32130637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Scenedesmus obtusiusculus AT-UAM efficiently captured CO2 from two flue gas streams in a hybrid photobioreactor located in a greenhouse. Uptake rates of CO2, NO, and SO2 from a formulated gas stream were 160.7 mg L-1 day-1, 0.73 mg L-1 day-1, and 1.56 mg L-1 day-1, respectively, with removal efficiencies of 100% for all gases. Exhaust gases of a motor generator were also removed with uptake rates of 111.4 mg L-1 day-1, 0.42 mg L-1 day-1, and 0.98 mg L-1 day-1, obtaining removal efficiencies of 77%, 71%, and 53% for CO2, NOx, and SO2, respectively. On average, 61% of the CO2 from both flue gas streams was assimilated as microalgal biomass. The maximum CO2 uptake rate of 182 mg L-1 day-1 was achieved for formulated flue gas flow rate above 100 mL min-1. The biomass recovery of 88% was achieved using a 20-L electro-coagulation-flotation chamber coupled to a settler with a low specific power consumption of 0.27 kWh kg-1. The photobioreactor was operated for almost 7 months without contamination of invasive species or a decrease in the activity. It is a very encouraging result for long-term operation in flue gas treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Estrada-Graf
- Maestría en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, 05300, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, 05300, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Morales
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, 05300, Mexico City, Mexico.
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146
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Han SF, Jin W, Tu R, Gao SH, Zhou X. Microalgae harvesting by magnetic flocculation for biodiesel production: current status and potential. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:105. [PMID: 32632607 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for energy, microalgae, as one of the promising feedstocks of biodiesel, has raised great awareness. Because of its small size, similar density to water and electrical stability, harvesting methods of microalgae that have low energy consumption and that are highly efficient, easy to large-scale and environmentally friendly have become a bottleneck restricting development of the whole process. Among the numerous possible harvesting methods, magnetic flocculation has the advantages of simple operation, fast separation and energy saving and thus is considered as a promising novel harvesting method. In this review, we have summarized the updated status and application potential of magnetic flocculation, including the principle of magnetic flocculation, magnetic flocculating materials, flocculating efficiency and its effect on downstream process. The major challenges such as magnetic materials recovery, large-scale magnetic flocculation device design, and magnetic flocculation costs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Fang Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Renjie Tu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shu-Hong Gao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xu Zhou
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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147
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Rodero MDR, Muñoz R, Lebrero R, Verfaillie A, Blockx J, Thielemans W, Muylaert K, Praveenkumar R. Harvesting microalgal-bacterial biomass from biogas upgrading process and evaluating the impact of flocculants on their growth during repeated recycling of the spent medium. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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148
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Ding W, Jin W, Zhou X, Li SF, Tu R, Han SF, Chen C, Feng X, Huang Y. Enhanced lipid extraction from the biodiesel-producing microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultivated in municipal wastewater via Daphnia ingestion and digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123162. [PMID: 32197194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel innovative lipid co-extraction strategy using the biodiesel-producing microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa and planktonic cladoceran Daphnia was proposed. Co-extraction occurred as Daphnia ingested and digested microalgal cells in a pre-treatment process; thereafter, lipids from these organisms were extracted. Composition of fatty acids from C. pyrenoidosa and Daphnia were appropriate as potential biodiesel feedstocks. Daphnia had different absorption and conversion capacities of various fatty acids from C. pyrenoidosa, which showed potential for improving biodiesel characteristics. Linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3) were absorbed significantly into the body of Daphnia. The optimal lipid extraction and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) recovery rates were up to 41.08% and 12.35%, respectively, which were greater than that of the traditional lipid extraction method due to the rich oil content of Daphnia. Overall, this lipid co-extraction process serves a potential Daphnia utilization as an economical, green, low-energy way for microalgae biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Ding
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shao-Feng Li
- Department of Building and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Renjie Tu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song-Fang Han
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaochi Feng
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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149
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Bauer LM, Rodrigues E, Rech R. Potential of immobilized Chlorella minutissima for the production of biomass, proteins, carotenoids and fatty acids. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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150
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Tang DYY, Khoo KS, Chew KW, Tao Y, Ho SH, Show PL. Potential utilization of bioproducts from microalgae for the quality enhancement of natural products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122997. [PMID: 32094007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are autotroph organisms that utilise light energy to synthesize various high-value bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. Due to its fast growth rate and capability to survive in harsh environment, microalgae nowadays are applied in various industrial areas. The process of obtaining microalgae-based biomolecules starts with the selection of suitable microalgae strain, cultivation, followed by downstream processing of the biomass (i.e., pre-treatment, harvesting, extraction and purification). The end products of the processes are biofuels and other valuable bioproducts. Nevertheless, low production yield and high-cost downstream processes are the emerging bottlenecks which need to be addressed in the upscaling of extracted compounds from microalgae biomass. To conclude, tremendous efforts are required to overcome these challenges to revolutionize microalgae into a novel and green factory of different bioactive compounds for industrial necessities to satisfy and fulfil global demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Ying Ying Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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