101
|
Abstract
The key molecular events that provoke Parkinson's disease (PD) are not fully understood. Iron deposit was found in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of PD patients and animal models, where dopaminergic neurons degeneration occurred selectively. The mechanisms involved in disturbed iron metabolism remain unknown, however, considerable evidence indicates that iron transporters dysregulation, activation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (LTCC) and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, as well as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) contribute to this process. There is emerging evidence on the structural links and functional modulations between iron and α-synuclein, and the key player in PD which aggregates in Lewy bodies. Iron is believed to modulate α-synuclein synthesis, post-translational modification, and aggregation. Furthermore, glia, especially activated astroglia and microglia, are involved in iron deposit in PD. Glial contributions were largely dependent on the factors they released, e.g., neurotrophic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, lactoferrin, and those undetermined. Therefore, iron chelation using iron chelators, the extracts from many natural foods with iron chelating properties, may be an effective therapy for prevention and treatment of the disease.
Collapse
|
102
|
Dozio V, Sanchez JC. Profiling the proteomic inflammatory state of human astrocytes using DIA mass spectrometry. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:331. [PMID: 30501627 PMCID: PMC6267034 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system and are responsible for a wide range of functions critical to normal neuronal development, synapse formation, blood-brain barrier regulation, and brain homeostasis. They are also actively involved in initiating and perpetuating neuroinflammatory responses. However, information about their proteomic phenotypes under inflammation is currently limited. METHOD Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry was applied to extensively characterize the profile of more than 4000 proteins in immortalized human fetal astrocytes under distinct inflammatory conditions induced by TNF, IL-1β, and LPS, while multiplex immunoassay-based screening was used to quantify a wide range of cytokines released under these inflammatory conditions. Then, immunocytochemistry and western blotting were used to verify the activation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB upon exposure to the different stimuli. Finally, an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier consisting of a co-culture of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells and primary human astrocytes was used to verify the inflammatory response of astrocytes upon LPS exposure in a more complex in vitro system. RESULTS We reported on a set of 186 proteins whose levels were significantly modulated by TNF, IL-1β, and LPS. These three stimuli induced proteome perturbations, which led to an increased abundance of key inflammatory proteins involved in antigen presentation and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. TNF and IL-1β, but not LPS, also activated the canonical NF-κB pathway, which in turn led to an extensive inflammatory response and dysregulation of cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins. In addition, TNF and LPS, but not IL-1β, increased the abundance of several interferon-stimulated gene products. Finally, TNF and IL-1β similarly upregulated the secretion of several cytokines and chemokines, whereas LPS only induced a moderate increase in IL-8, IFN-γ, and IL-1β secretion. Upregulation of proteins associated with type I IFN and non-canonical NF-κB signaling was also observed in primary astrocytes co-cultured with primary brain microvascular endothelial cells exposed to LPS. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides comprehensive information about the proteomic phenotypes of human astrocytes upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli both in monoculture and in co-culture with human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Dozio
- Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland. .,Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
White AJ, Wijeyekoon RS, Scott KM, Gunawardana NP, Hayat S, Solim IH, McMahon HT, Barker RA, Williams-Gray CH. The Peripheral Inflammatory Response to Alpha-Synuclein and Endotoxin in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:946. [PMID: 30524354 PMCID: PMC6256248 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is activated in Parkinson's Disease (PD), as evidenced by neuroinflammatory changes within the brain as well as elevated immune markers in peripheral blood. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokine levels in the blood are associated with disease severity and rate of progression. However, the factors driving this immune response in PD are not well established. We investigated cell-extrinsic factors in systemic immune activation by using α-synuclein monomers and fibrils, as well as bacterial toxins, to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from 31 patients and age/gender-matched controls. α-synuclein monomers or fibrils resulted in a robust cytokine response (as measured by supernatant cytokine concentrations and mRNA expression in cultured cells) in both PD and control PBMCs, similar to that induced by bacterial LPS. We found no PD vs. control differences in cytokine production, nor in mRNA expression. Levels of endotoxin within the recombinant α-synuclein used in these experiments were very low (0.2-1.3EU/mL), but nonetheless we found that comparable levels were sufficient to potentially confound our cytokine concentration measurements for a number of cytokines. However, α-synuclein monomers increased production of IL-1β and IL-18 to levels significantly in excess of those induced by low-level endotoxin. In conclusion, this study: (i) highlights the importance of accounting for low-level endotoxin in antigen-PBMC stimulation experiments; (ii) indicates that cell-extrinsic factors may be a major contributor to immune activation in PD; and (iii) suggests that α-synuclein may play a role in inflammasome-related cytokine production in the periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice J. White
- John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Duan J, Kang J, Qin W, Deng T, Liu H, Li B, Yu W, Gong S, Yang X, Chen M. Exposure to formaldehyde and diisononyl phthalate exacerbate neuroinflammation through NF-κB activation in a mouse asthma model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:356-364. [PMID: 30059880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and formaldehyde both are associated with asthma and allergies. However, it is unclear about the adverse effect of DINP and formaldehyde exposure on the brain for asthma patients. Here, we determined the effect of DINP and/or formaldehyde exposure on neuroinflammation in brain by a murine asthma model and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Mice were exposed to formaldehyde and/or DINP and sensitization with ovalbumin. The results show that exposure to formaldehyde and/or DINP not only exacerbated allergic asthma-like symptoms, but also promoted neuroinflammation in brain. The incrassation of the airway wall and exacerbation of neuroinflammation were more obviously when mice were subjected to a combined exposure to DINP and formaldehyde. Exposure to DINP and/or formaldehyde enhances oxidative stress and the activation of NF-κB in the prefrontal cortex of mouse asthma model. Exposure to DINP and/or formaldehyde also induced an increase in IL-1β, IL-17, and NGF. Blocking oxidative stress by administering melatonin or inhibiting NF-κB activation by treatment with Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin effectively prevented increasing the levels IL-1β, IL-17 and nerve growth factor. The data indicated that DINP and/or formaldehyde exposure promoted neuroinflammation in the brain through enhanced oxidative stress and activation of NF-κB in a mouse asthma model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Joint International Lab of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Joint International Lab of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Joint International Lab of Green Buildings and Built Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Siying Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Vetel S, Sérrière S, Vercouillie J, Vergote J, Chicheri G, Deloye JB, Dollé F, Bodard S, Tronel C, Nadal-Desbarats L, Lefèvre A, Emond P, Chalon S. Extensive exploration of a novel rat model of Parkinson's disease using partial 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of dopaminergic neurons suggests new therapeutic approaches. Synapse 2018; 73:e22077. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vetel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | | | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
- INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital; Tours France
| | - Jackie Vergote
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | - Claire Tronel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| | | | | | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
- CHRU Tours; Tours France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm; Tours France
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Azmy MS, Menze ET, El-Naga RN, Tadros MG. Neuroprotective Effects of Filgrastim in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Insights into its Anti-Inflammatory, Neurotrophic, and Antiapoptotic Effects. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6572-6588. [PMID: 29327204 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All current treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD) focus on enhancing the dopaminergic effects and providing symptomatic relief; however, they cannot delay the disease progression. Filgrastim, a recombinant methionyl granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, demonstrated neuroprotection in many neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effects of filgrastim in rotenone-induced rat model of PD and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms of filgrastim actions. The effects of two doses of filgrastim (20 and 40 μg/kg) on spontaneous locomotion, catalepsy, body weight, histology, and striatal dopamine (DA) content, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein expression, were evaluated. Then, the effective dose was further tested for its potential anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and antiapoptotic effects. Filgrastim (40 μg/kg) prevented rotenone-induced motor deficits, weight reduction, striatal DA depletion, and histological damage. Besides, it significantly inhibited rotenone-induced decrease in TH expression and increase in α-synuclein immunoreactivity in the midbrains and striata of the rats. These effects were associated with reduction of rotenone-induced neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor depletion. Collectively, these results suggest that filgrastim might be a good candidate for management of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariama S Azmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esther T Menze
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Haghshomar M, Dolatshahi M, Ghazi Sherbaf F, Sanjari Moghaddam H, Shirin Shandiz M, Aarabi MH. Disruption of Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus Microstructure in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies. Front Neurol 2018; 9:598. [PMID: 30093877 PMCID: PMC6070770 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder accompanied by a series of pathological mechanisms which contribute to a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in structural diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in PD which has shed light on our understanding of structural abnormalities underlying PD symptoms or its associations with pathological mechanisms. One of the white matter tracts shown to be disrupted in PD with a possible contribution to some PD symptoms is the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). On the whole, lower ILF integrity contributes to thought disorders, impaired visual emotions, cognitive impairments such as semantic fluency deficits, and mood disorders. This review outlines the microstructural changes in ILF associated with systemic inflammation and various PD symptoms like cognitive decline, facial emotion recognition deficit, depression, color discrimination deficit, olfactory dysfunction, and tremor genesis. However, few studies have investigated DTI correlates of each symptom and larger studies with standardized imaging protocols are required to extend these preliminary findings and lead to more promising results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Haghshomar
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Shirin Shandiz
- Department of Medical Physics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Huang ZH, Chen HC, Chou YC, Lin CL, Kao CH, Lo HY, Yang TY, Liu FC. Does nephrotic syndrome without chronic kidney disease increase the risk of Parkinson's disease and secondary parkinsonism? A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020821. [PMID: 29982207 PMCID: PMC6045768 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has shown that patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) have a higher risk of cognitive impairment, dementia or neurodegenerative disorder. The present study aimed to examine a relationship, if any exists between NS and Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder and secondary parkinsonism (sPS). METHODS A nationwide retrospective observational study conducted using data from the 2000-2010 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. This study included 3663 patients with NS and 14 652 randomly selected, age-matched and sex-matched patients without NS. A Cox multivariable proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk of PD and sPS (PDsPS) in the NS cohort. RESULTS This study identified a positive association between NS and the risk of PDsPS in both men and women and in all age groups (adjusted HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.66). Compared with patients without NS and comorbidities, those with NS with two or more comorbidities exhibited an 8.23-fold higher risk of PDsPS (95% CI 6.22 to 10.9) and patients with NS and one comorbidity exhibited a 2.93-fold higher risk of PDsPS (95% CI 2.37 to 3.63). CONCLUSIONS Patients with NS have an increased risk of PDsPS. This increased risk may be related to brain vascular damage or blood-brain barrier impairment. Further research is necessary to explore the underlying relationship between NS and PDsPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lo
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Williams-Gray CH, Wijeyekoon RS, Scott KM, Hayat S, Barker RA, Jones JL. Abnormalities of age-related T cell senescence in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:166. [PMID: 29807534 PMCID: PMC5972443 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wealth of evidence implicates both central and peripheral immune changes as contributing to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is critical to better understand this aspect of PD given that it is a tractable target for disease-modifying therapy. Age-related changes are known to occur in the immune system (immunosenescence) and might be of particular relevance in PD given that its prevalence rises with increasing age. We therefore sought to investigate this with respect to T cell replicative senescence, a key immune component of human ageing. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted from blood samples from 41 patients with mild PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-2, mean (SD) disease duration 4.3 (1.2) years) and 41 age- and gender-matched controls. Immunophenotyping was performed with flow cytometry using markers of T lymphocyte activation and senescence (CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA-DR, CD38, CD28, CCR7, CD45RA, CD57, CD31). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology was measured given its proposed relevance in driving T cell senescence. RESULTS Markers of replicative senescence in the CD8+ population were strikingly reduced in PD cases versus controls (reduced CD57 expression (p = 0.005), reduced percentage of 'late differentiated' CD57loCD28hi cells (p = 0.007) and 'TEMRA' cells (p = 0.042)), whilst expression of activation markers (CD28) was increased (p = 0.005). This was not driven by differences in CMV seropositivity. No significant changes were observed in the CD4 population. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that the peripheral immune profile in PD is distinctly atypical for an older population, with a lack of the CD8+ T cell replicative senescence which characterises normal ageing. This suggests that 'abnormal' immune ageing may contribute to the development of PD, and markers of T cell senescence warrant further investigation as potential biomarkers in this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
| | - R S Wijeyekoon
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - K M Scott
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - S Hayat
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - R A Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - J L Jones
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Mulvaney CA, Duarte GS, Menon S, Handley J, Emsley HC. GLP-1 receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonçalo S Duarte
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa; Laboratório de Farmacologia Clínica e Terapêutica; Avenida Professor Egas Moniz Lisboa Lisboa Portugal 1649-028
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Clinical Pharmacology Unit; Av. Prof. Egas Moniz Lisboa Portugal 1649-028
| | - Suresh Menon
- McMaster University; Department of Medicine; 237 Barton Street East Mailbox 63 Hamilton Ontario Canada L8L 2X2
| | - Joel Handley
- Lancaster University; Lancaster Medical School; Lancaster UK LA1 4YG
- Salford Royal Hospital; Department of Neurology; Salford UK
| | - Hedley C.A. Emsley
- Lancaster University; Lancaster Medical School; Lancaster UK LA1 4YG
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Department of Neurology; Department of Neurology, Royal Preston Hospital Sharoe Green Lane, Fulwood Preston UK PR2 9HT
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Kurtys E, Eisel ULM, Hageman RJJ, Verkuyl JM, Broersen LM, Dierckx RAJO, de Vries EFJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of rice bran components. Nutr Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kurtys
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Treatment with the noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor atomoxetine alone and in combination with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan attenuates loss of dopamine and associated motor deficits in the LPS inflammatory rat model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:456-469. [PMID: 29339319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of treatment with the noradrenaline (NA) re-uptake inhibitor atomoxetine and the α2-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist idazoxan in an animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) was assessed. Concurrent systemic treatment with atomoxetine and idazoxan, a combination which serves to enhance the extra-synaptic availability of NA, exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects following delivery of an inflammatory stimulus, the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the substantia nigra. Lesion-induced deficits in motor function (akinesia, forelimb-use asymmetry) and striatal dopamine (DA) loss were rescued to varying degrees depending on the treatment. Treatment with atomoxetine following LPS-induced lesion to the substantia nigra, yielded a robust anti-inflammatory effect, suppressing microglial activation and expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α whilst increasing the expression of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore atomoxetine treatment prevented loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive nigral dopaminergic neurons and resulted in functional improvements in motor behaviours. Atomoxetine alone was sufficient to achieve most of the observed effects. In combination with idazoxan, an additional improvement in the impairment of contralateral limb use 7 days post lesion and a reduction in amphetamine-mediated rotational asymmetry 14 days post-lesion was observed, compared to atomoxetine or idazoxan treatments alone. The results indicate that increases in central NA tone has the propensity to regulate the neuroinflammatory phenotype in vivo and may act as an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism where inflammation contributes to the progression of DA loss. In accordance with this, the clinical use of agents such as NA re-uptake inhibitors and α2-AR antagonists may prove useful in enhancing the endogenous neuroimmunomodulatory potential of NA in conditions associated with brain inflammation.
Collapse
|
113
|
Park SY, Choi MH, Li M, Li K, Park G, Choi YW. AMPK/Nrf2 signaling is involved in the anti-neuroinflammatory action of Petatewalide B from Petasites japonicus against lipopolysaccharides in microglia. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:232-241. [PMID: 29433360 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1434791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal microglia secrete neuroinflammatory factors that play a pivotal role in neurodegenerative-disorder development. Thus, regulating abnormal microglia-activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy. The purposes of this study included investigating the effect of Petatewalide B on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated microglia and exploring the role of the AMPK/Nrf2- (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) signaling pathway in the anti-neuroinflammatory function of Petatewalide B. METHODS We divided the microglia into four groups: a control group, a Petatewalide B-treated group, an LPS-treated group, and an LPS and Petatewalide B-treated group. The four groups of microglia were experimented with, using the NO, ELISA, and promoter assays, and western blotting was conducted to determine LPS-stimulated neuroinflammatory responses. RESULTS We found that pretreatment with Petatewalide B strongly alleviates interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor-necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α) production, and suppresses iNOS and nitric oxide (NO) overexpression in LPS-stimulated microglia. The AMPK/Nrf2-signaling pathway is important for inducing anti-neuroinflammatory responses. Mechanistic studies report that Petatewalide B increases nuclear-Nrf2 translocation, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Petatewalide B significantly up-regulates HO-1 and NQO1 by specifically improving antioxidant-response-elements-transcription activity. We then investigated whether Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 contribute to the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of Petatewalide B. Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 small-integrating-ribonucleic-acids (siRNAs) significantly blocked Petatewalide B-attenuated iNOS-promoter-activity in LPS-stimulated microglia. Furthermore, Petatewalide B also up-regulated AMPK-phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. We next evaluated whether blocking AMPK-phosphorylation using an inhibitor (compound C) would critically affect anti-neuroinflammatory responses. We found that the AMPK-phosphorylation is associated with nuclear-Nrf2 translocation and elevated HO-1 and NQO1 expression levels. Our data also showed that AMPK-inhibitor pretreatment significantly reverses Petatewalide B-attenuated iNOS-promoter-activity in LPS-stimulated microglia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the possible mechanism of the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of Petatewalide B that result from beneficial responses in the AMPK/Nrf2-signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- a Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan , Korea
| | - Min Hyun Choi
- b Department of Horticultural Bioscience , Pusan National University , Myrang , Korea
| | - Mei Li
- b Department of Horticultural Bioscience , Pusan National University , Myrang , Korea
| | - Ke Li
- b Department of Horticultural Bioscience , Pusan National University , Myrang , Korea
| | - Geuntae Park
- c Department of Nanomaterials Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan , Korea
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- b Department of Horticultural Bioscience , Pusan National University , Myrang , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
L'Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Serapide MF, Caniglia S, Testa N, Leggio L, Vivarelli S, Iraci N, Pluchino S, Marchetti B. Microglia Polarization, Gene-Environment Interactions and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: Emerging Roles of Glia-Neuron and Glia-Stem/Neuroprogenitor Crosstalk for Dopaminergic Neurorestoration in Aged Parkinsonian Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:12. [PMID: 29483868 PMCID: PMC5816064 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory processes are recognized key contributory factors in Parkinson's disease (PD) physiopathology. While the causes responsible for the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuronal cell bodies in the subtantia nigra pars compacta are poorly understood, aging, genetics, environmental toxicity, and particularly inflammation, represent prominent etiological factors in PD development. Especially, reactive astrocytes, microglial cells, and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages play dual beneficial/harmful effects, via a panel of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotrophic and neurogenic transcription factors. Notably, with age, microglia may adopt a potent neurotoxic, pro-inflammatory “primed” (M1) phenotype when challenged with inflammatory or neurotoxic stimuli that hamper brain's own restorative potential and inhibit endogenous neurorepair mechanisms. In the last decade we have provided evidence for a major role of microglial crosstalk with astrocytes, mDA neurons and neural stem progenitor cells (NSCs) in the MPTP- (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-) mouse model of PD, and identified Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pivotal morphogen for mDA neurodevelopment, neuroprotection, and neuroinflammatory modulation, as a critical actor in glia-neuron and glia-NSCs crosstalk. With age however, Wnt signaling and glia-NSC-neuron crosstalk become dysfunctional with harmful consequences for mDA neuron plasticity and repair. These findings are of importance given the deregulation of Wnt signaling in PD and the emerging link between most PD related genes, Wnt signaling and inflammation. Especially, in light of the expanding field of microRNAs and inflammatory PD-related genes as modulators of microglial-proinflammatory status, uncovering the complex molecular circuitry linking PD and neuroinflammation will permit the identification of new druggable targets for the cure of the disease. Here we summarize recent findings unveiling major microglial inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways converging in the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and reciprocally, the ability of Wnt signaling pathways to modulate microglial activation in PD. Unraveling the key factors and conditons promoting the switch of the proinflammatory M1 microglia status into a neuroprotective and regenerative M2 phenotype will have important consequences for neuroimmune interactions and neuronal outcome under inflammatory and/or neurodegenerative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria F Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Loredana Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Marchetti
- Oasi ResearchInstitute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Calabrese V, Santoro A, Monti D, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Latteri S, Cuzzocrea S, Zappia M, Giordano J, Calabrese EJ, Franceschi C. Aging and Parkinson's Disease: Inflammaging, neuroinflammation and biological remodeling as key factors in pathogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:80-91. [PMID: 29080843 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) it is important to consider possible contributory factors inherent to the aging process, as age-related changes in a number of physiological systems (perhaps incurred within particular environments) appear to influence the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, we posit that a principal mechanism underlying PD is inflammaging, i.e. the chronic inflammatory process characterized by an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms which has been recognized as operative in several age-related, and notably neurodegenerative diseases. Recent conceptualization suggests that inflammaging is part of the complex adaptive mechanisms ("re-modeling") that are ongoing through the lifespan, and which function to prevent or mitigate endogenous processes of tissue disruption and degenerative change(s). The absence of an adequate anti-inflammatory response can fuel inflammaging, which propagates on both local (i.e.- from cell to cell) and systemic levels (e.g.- via exosomes and other molecules present in the blood). In general, this scenario is compatible with the hypothesis that inflammaging represents a hormetic or hormetic-like effect, in which low levels of inflammatory stress may prompt induction of anti-inflammatory mediators and mechanisms, while sustained pro-inflammatory stress incurs higher and more durable levels of inflammatory substances, which, in turn prompt a local-to-systemic effect and more diverse inflammatory response(s). Given this perspective, new treatments of PD may be envisioned that strategically are aimed at exerting hormetic effects to sustain anti-inflammatory responses, inclusive perhaps, of modulating the inflammatory influence of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; IBREGENS, Nutraceuticals and Functional Food Biotechnologies Research Associated, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of General Surgery, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, and Neuroethics Studies Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Song N, Wang J, Jiang H, Xie J. Astroglial and microglial contributions to iron metabolism disturbance in Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:967-973. [PMID: 29317336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understandings of the disturbed iron metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD) are largely from the perspectives of neurons. Neurodegenerative processes in PD trigger universal and conserved astroglial dysfunction and microglial activation. In this review, we start with astroglia and microglia in PD with an emphasis on their roles in spreading α-synuclein pathology, and then focus on their contributions in iron metabolism under normal conditions and the diseased state of PD. Elevated iron in the brain regions affects glial features, meanwhile, glial effects on neuronal iron metabolism are largely dependent on their releasing factors. These advances might be valuable for better understanding and modulating iron metabolism disturbance in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Goes AT, Jesse CR, Antunes MS, Lobo Ladd FV, Lobo Ladd AA, Luchese C, Paroul N, Boeira SP. Protective role of chrysin on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration a mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Involvement of neuroinflammation and neurotrophins. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
118
|
Boyko AA, Troyanova NI, Kovalenko EI, Sapozhnikov AM. Similarity and Differences in Inflammation-Related Characteristics of the Peripheral Immune System of Patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122633. [PMID: 29211044 PMCID: PMC5751236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Both diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation in the brain-neuroinflammation. The first signs of PD and AD are most often manifested in old age, in which the immune system is usually characterized by chronic inflammation, so-called "inflammaging" In recent years, there is growing evidence that pathogenesis of these diseases is connected with both regional and peripheral immune processes. Currently, the association of clinical signs of PD and AD with different characteristics of patient immune status is actively being researched. In this mini-review we compare the association of PD and AD alterations of a number of immune system parameters connected with the process of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Boyko
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Natalya I Troyanova
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Elena I Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Alexander M Sapozhnikov
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Disrupted Neuroglial Metabolic Coupling after Peripheral Surgery. J Neurosci 2017; 38:452-464. [PMID: 29175959 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1797-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related events in the periphery can remotely affect brain function, contributing to neurodegenerative processes and cognitive decline. In mice, peripheral surgery induces a systemic inflammatory response associated with changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transient cognitive decline, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we investigated the effect of peripheral surgery on neuronal-glial function within hippocampal neuronal circuits of relevance to cognitive processing in male mice at 6, 24, and 72 h postsurgery. At 6 h we detect the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the hippocampus, followed up by alterations in the mRNA and protein expression of astrocytic and neuronal proteins necessary for optimal energy supply to the brain and for the reuptake and recycling of glutamate in the synapse. Similarly, at 24 h postsurgery the mRNA expression of structural proteins (GFAP and AQP4) was compromised. At this time point, functional analysis in astrocytes revealed a decrease in resting calcium signaling. Examination of neuronal activity by whole-cell patch-clamp shows elevated levels of glutamatergic transmission and changes in AMPA receptor subunit composition at 72 h postsurgery. Finally, lactate, an essential energy substrate produced by astrocytes and critical for memory formation, decreases at 6 and 72 h after surgery. Based on temporal parallels with our previous studies, we propose that the previously reported cognitive decline observed at 72 h postsurgery in mice might be the consequence of temporal hippocampal metabolic, structural, and functional changes in astrocytes that lead to a disruption of the neuroglial metabolic coupling and consequently to a neuronal dysfunction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A growing body of evidence suggests that surgical trauma launches a systemic inflammatory response that reaches the brain and associates with immune activation and cognitive decline. Understanding the mechanisms by which immune-related events in the periphery can influence brain processes is essential for the development of therapies to prevent or treat postoperative cognitive dysfunction and other forms of cognitive decline related to immune-to-brain communication, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Here we describe the temporal orchestration of a series of metabolic, structural, and functional changes after aseptic trauma in mice related to astrocytes and later in neurons that emphasize the role of astrocytes as key intermediaries between peripheral immune events, neuronal processing, and potentially cognition.
Collapse
|
120
|
O'Léime CS, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Nuclear deterrents: Intrinsic regulators of IL-1β-induced effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:394-412. [PMID: 28751020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are born and develop into the host circuitry, begins during embryonic development and persists throughout adulthood. Over the last decade considerable insights have been made into the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive function and the cellular mechanisms behind this process. Additionally, an increasing amount of evidence exists on the impact of environmental factors, such as stress and neuroinflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis and subsequent impairments in cognition. Elevated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus is established as a significant contributor to the neuronal demise evident in many neurological and psychiatric disorders and is now known to negatively regulate hippocampal neurogenesis. In order to prevent the deleterious effects of IL-1β on neurogenesis it is necessary to identify signalling pathways and regulators of neurogenesis within neural progenitor cells that can interact with IL-1β. Nuclear receptors are ligand regulated transcription factors that are involved in modulating a large number of cellular processes including neurogenesis. In this review we focus on the signalling mechanisms of specific nuclear receptors involved in regulating neurogenesis (glucocorticoid receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, estrogen receptors, and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 (NR2E1 or TLX)). We propose that these nuclear receptors could be targeted to inhibit neuroinflammatory signalling pathways associated with IL-1β. We discuss their potential to be therapeutic targets for neuroinflammatory disorders affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and associated cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán S O'Léime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Rocha Sobrinho HMD, Silva DJD, Gomides LF, Dorta ML, Oliveira MAPD, Ribeiro-Dias F. TLR4 and TLR2 activation is differentially associated with age during Parkinson’s disease. Immunol Invest 2017; 47:71-88. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1379024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Delson José da Silva
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás and Instituto Integrado de Neurociências, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fonseca Gomides
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Miriam Leandro Dorta
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Peña-Altamira LE, Polazzi E, Giuliani P, Beraudi A, Massenzio F, Mengoni I, Poli A, Zuccarini M, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P, Virgili M, Monti B, Caciagli F. Release of soluble and vesicular purine nucleoside phosphorylase from rat astrocytes and microglia induced by pro-inflammatory stimulation with extracellular ATP via P2X 7 receptors. Neurochem Int 2017; 115:37-49. [PMID: 29061383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), a crucial enzyme in purine metabolism which converts ribonucleosides into purine bases, has mainly been found inside glial cells. Since we recently demonstrated that PNP is released from rat C6 glioma cells, we then wondered whether this occurs in normal brain cells. Using rat primary cultures of microglia, astrocytes and cerebellar granule neurons, we found that in basal condition all these cells constitutively released a metabolically active PNP with Km values very similar to those measured in C6 glioma cells. However, the enzyme expression/release was greater in microglia or astrocytes that in neurons. Moreover, we exposed primary brain cell cultures to pro-inflammatory agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or ATP alone or in combination. LPS alone caused an increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion mainly from microglia and no modification in the PNP release, even from neurons in which it enhanced cell death. In contrast, ATP administered alone to glial cells at high micromolar concentrations significantly stimulated the release of PNP within 1 h, an effect not modified by LPS presence, whereas IL-1β secretion was stimulated by ATP only in cells primed for 2 h with LPS. In both cases ATP effect was mediated by P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), since it was mimicked by cell exposure to Bz-ATP, an agonist of P2X7R, and blocked by cell pre-treatment with the P2X7R antagonist A438079. Interestingly, ATP-induced PNP release from glial cells partly occurred through the secretion of lysosomal vesicles in the extracellular medium. Thus, during inflammatory cerebral events PNP secretion promoted by extracellular ATP accumulation might concur to control extracellular purine signals. Further studies could elucidate whether, in these conditions, a consensual activity of enzymes downstream of PNP in the purine metabolic cascade avoids accumulation of extracellular purine bases that might concur to brain injury by unusual formation of reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Polazzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alina Beraudi
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mengoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Virgili
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Genoud S, Roberts BR, Gunn AP, Halliday GM, Lewis SJG, Ball HJ, Hare DJ, Double KL. Subcellular compartmentalisation of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in the Parkinson's disease brain. Metallomics 2017; 9:1447-1455. [PMID: 28944802 PMCID: PMC5647261 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Elevated iron and decreased copper levels are cardinal features of the degenerating substantia nigra pars compacta in the Parkinson's disease brain. Both of these redox-active metals, and fellow transition metals manganese and zinc, are found at high concentrations within the midbrain and participate in a range of unique biological reactions. We examined the total metal content and cellular compartmentalisation of manganese, iron, copper and zinc in the degenerating substantia nigra, disease-affected but non-degenerating fusiform gyrus, and unaffected occipital cortex in the post mortem Parkinson's disease brain compared with age-matched controls. An expected increase in iron and a decrease in copper concentration was isolated to the soluble cellular fraction, encompassing both interstitial and cytosolic metals and metal-binding proteins, rather than the membrane-associated or insoluble fractions. Manganese and zinc levels did not differ between experimental groups. Altered Fe and Cu levels were unrelated to Braak pathological staging in our cases of late-stage (Braak stage V and VI) disease. The data supports our hypothesis that regional alterations in Fe and Cu, and in proteins that utilise these metals, contribute to the regional selectively of neuronal vulnerability in this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sian Genoud
- Discipline of Biomedical Science and Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Adam P Gunn
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Discipline of Biomedical Science and Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. and Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Discipline of Biomedical Science and Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. and Healthy Brain Ageing Program, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Helen J Ball
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dominic J Hare
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Elemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kay L Double
- Discipline of Biomedical Science and Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Al-Bachari S, Vidyasagar R, Emsley HC, Parkes LM. Structural and physiological neurovascular changes in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and its clinical phenotypes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3409-3421. [PMID: 28112022 PMCID: PMC5624390 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16688919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular changes are likely to interact importantly with the neurodegenerative process in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Markers of neurovascular status (NVS) include white matter lesion (WML) burden and arterial spin labelling (ASL) measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial arrival time (AAT). We investigated NVS in IPD, including an analysis of IPD clinical phenotypes, by comparison with two control groups, one with a history of clinical cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (control positive, CP) and one without CVD (control negative, CN). Fifty-one patients with IPD (mean age 69.0 ± 7.7 years) (21 tremor dominant (TD), 24 postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD) and six intermediates), 18 CP (mean age 70.1 ± 8.0 years) and 34 CN subjects (mean age 67.4 ± 7.6 years) completed a 3T MRI scan protocol including T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and ASL. IPD patients showed diffuse regions of significantly prolonged AAT, small regions of lower CBF and greater WML burden by comparison with CN subjects. TD patients showed lower WML volume by comparison with PIGD patients. These imaging data thus show altered NVS in IPD, with some evidence for IPD phenotype-specific differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Bachari
- 1 Department of Neurology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,2 Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,3 Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Rishma Vidyasagar
- 2 Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,4 Anatomy and Neuroscience Department, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,5 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hedley Ca Emsley
- 6 Department of Neurology, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK.,7 Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura M Parkes
- 2 Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,8 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Licochalcone A Prevents the Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons by Inhibiting Microglial Activation in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Parkinson's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102043. [PMID: 28937602 PMCID: PMC5666725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of Licochalcone A (Lico.A), a flavonoid isolated from the herb licorice, in Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been elucidated. The prominent pathological feature of PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons. The crucial role of neuroinflammation induced by activated microglia in dopaminergic neurodegeneration has been validated. In this study, we explore the therapeutic effects of Lico.A in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PD models in vivo and in vitro. We find that Lico.A significantly inhibits LPS-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory mediators and microglial activation by blocking the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 in BV-2 cells. In addition, through cultured primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cell experiments, we illustrate that Lico.A attenuates the decrease in [³H] dopamine (DA) uptake and the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons in LPS-induced PD models in vitro. Furthermore, LPS intoxication in rats results in microglial activation, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and significant behavioral deficits in vivo. Lico.A treatment prevents microglial activation and reduction of dopaminergic neuron and ameliorates PD-like behavioral impairments. Thus, these results demonstrate for the first time that the neuroprotective effects of Lico.A are associated with microglia and anti-inflammatory effects in PD models.
Collapse
|
126
|
Wang S, Wang F, Yang H, Li R, Guo H, Hu L. Diosgenin glucoside provides neuroprotection by regulating microglial M1 polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
127
|
Beier EE, Neal M, Alam G, Edler M, Wu LJ, Richardson JR. Alternative microglial activation is associated with cessation of progressive dopamine neuron loss in mice systemically administered lipopolysaccharide. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:115-127. [PMID: 28823928 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation arising from central and/or peripheral sources contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Emerging data suggest that differential activation of glia could lead to the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Here, we sought to determine the relationship between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, loss of dopaminergic neurons and differential activation of glia. Using a model of repeated injections with LPS (1mg/kg, i.p. for 4days), we found that LPS induced a 34% loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra 19days after initiation of treatment, but no further cell loss was observed at 36days. LPS induced a strong pro-inflammatory response with increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-α (4.8-fold), inducible nitric oxide synthase (2.0-fold), interleukin-1 beta (8.9-fold), interleukin-6 (10.7-fold), and robust glial activation were observed at 1day after final dose of LPS. These pro-inflammatory genes were then reduced at 19days after treatment, when there was a rise in the anti-inflammatory genes Ym1 (1.8-fold) and arginase-1 (2.6-fold). Additionally, 36days after the last LPS injection there was a significant increase in interleukin-10 (2.1-fold) expression. The qPCR data results were supported by protein data, including cytokine measurements, western blotting, and immunofluorescence in brain microglia. Taken together, these data demonstrate that progressive neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra following LPS is likely arrested by microglia shifting to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Thus, strategies to promote resolution of neuroinflammation may be a promising avenue to slow the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Beier
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Matthew Neal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Gelerah Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Melissa Edler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Gosselin D, Skola D, Coufal NG, Holtman IR, Schlachetzki JCM, Sajti E, Jaeger BN, O'Connor C, Fitzpatrick C, Pasillas MP, Pena M, Adair A, Gonda DD, Levy ML, Ransohoff RM, Gage FH, Glass CK. An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity. Science 2017; 356:science.aal3222. [PMID: 28546318 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 747] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play essential roles in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and influence diverse aspects of neuronal function. However, the transcriptional mechanisms that specify human microglia phenotypes are largely unknown. We examined the transcriptomes and epigenetic landscapes of human microglia isolated from surgically resected brain tissue ex vivo and after transition to an in vitro environment. Transfer to a tissue culture environment resulted in rapid and extensive down-regulation of microglia-specific genes that were induced in primitive mouse macrophages after migration into the fetal brain. Substantial subsets of these genes exhibited altered expression in neurodegenerative and behavioral diseases and were associated with noncoding risk variants. These findings reveal an environment-dependent transcriptional network specifying microglia-specific programs of gene expression and facilitate efforts to understand the roles of microglia in human brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gosselin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Dylan Skola
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Inge R Holtman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Baptiste N Jaeger
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Carolyn O'Connor
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Conor Fitzpatrick
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Martina P Pasillas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| | - Monique Pena
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Amy Adair
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - David D Gonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego-Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego-Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | | | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Botsakis K, Mourtzi T, Panagiotakopoulou V, Vreka M, Stathopoulos GT, Pediaditakis I, Charalampopoulos I, Gravanis A, Delis F, Antoniou K, Zisimopoulos D, Georgiou CD, Panagopoulos NT, Matsokis N, Angelatou F. BNN-20, a synthetic microneurotrophin, strongly protects dopaminergic neurons in the "weaver" mouse, a genetic model of dopamine-denervation, acting through the TrkB neurotrophin receptor. Neuropharmacology 2017; 121:140-157. [PMID: 28461162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are among the most promising treatments aiming at slowing or stopping and even reversing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, in most cases, they cannot readily cross the human blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Herein, we propose as a therapeutic for PD the small molecule 17-beta-spiro-[5-androsten-17,2'-oxiran]-3beta-ol (BNN-20), a synthetic analogue of DHEA, which crosses the BBB and is deprived of endocrine side-effects. Using the "weaver" mouse, a genetic model of PD, which exhibits progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the Substantia Nigra (SN), we have shown that long-term administration (P1-P21) of BNN-20 almost fully protected the dopaminergic neurons and their terminals, via i) a strong anti-apoptotic effect, probably mediated through the Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) neurotrophin receptor's PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling pathway, ii) by exerting an efficient antioxidant effect, iii) by inducing significant anti-inflammatory activity and iv) by restoring Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels. By intercrossing "weaver" with NGL mice (dual GFP/luciferase-NF-κΒ reporter mice, NF-κΒ.GFP.Luc), we obtained Weaver/NGL mice that express the NF-κB reporter in all somatic cells. Acute BNN-20 administration to Weaver/NGL mice induced a strong NF-κB-dependent transcriptional response in the brain as detected by bioluminescence imaging, which was abolished by co-administration of the TrkB inhibitor ANA-12. This indicates that BNN-20 exerts its beneficial action (at least in part) through the TrkB-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling pathway. These results could be of clinical relevance, as they suggest BNN-20 as an important neuroprotective agent acting through the TrkB neurotrophin receptor pathway, mimicking the action of the endogenous neurotrophin BDNF. Thus BNN-20 could be proposed for treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Botsakis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26 500, Greece
| | - Theodora Mourtzi
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, 26 500, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Panagiotakopoulou
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, 26 500, Greece
| | - Malamati Vreka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26 500, Greece
| | | | - Iosif Pediaditakis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | | | - Achilleas Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology Foundation for Research & Technology - Hellas, GR, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Foteini Delis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Katerina Antoniou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | | | | | - Nikolaos T Panagopoulos
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, 26 500, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Matsokis
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, 26 500, Greece
| | - Fevronia Angelatou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26 500, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Cacace F, Mineo D, Viscomi MT, Latagliata EC, Mancini M, Sasso V, Vannelli A, Pascucci T, Pendolino V, Marcello E, Pelucchi S, Puglisi-Allegra S, Molinari M, Picconi B, Calabresi P, Ghiglieri V. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation rescues dopamine-dependent corticostriatal synaptic plasticity and motor behavior in experimental parkinsonism: Possible role of glial activity. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1035-1046. [PMID: 28394013 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies support the therapeutic utility of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease (PD), whose progression is correlated with loss of corticostriatal long-term potentiation and long-term depression. Glial cell activation is also a feature of PD that is gaining increasing attention in the field because astrocytes play a role in chronic neuroinflammatory responses but are also able to manage dopamine (DA) levels. METHODS Intermittent theta-burst stimulation protocol was applied to study the effect of therapeutic neuromodulation on striatal DA levels measured by means of in vivo microdialysis in 6-hydroxydopamine-hemilesioned rats. Effects on corticostriatal synaptic plasticity were studied through in vitro intracellular and whole-cell patch clamp recordings while stepping test and CatWalk were used to test motor behavior. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to analyze morphological changes in neurons and glial cells. RESULTS Acute theta-burst stimulation induced an increase in striatal DA levels in hemiparkinsonian rats, 80 minutes post-treatment, correlated with full recovery of plasticity and amelioration of motor performances. With the same timing, immediate early gene activation was restricted to striatal spiny neurons. Intense astrocytic and microglial responses were also significantly reduced 80 minutes following theta-burst stimulation. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results provide a first glimpse on physiological adaptations that occur in the parkinsonian striatum following intermittent theta-burst stimulation and may help to disclose the real potential of this technique in treating PD and preventing DA replacement therapy-associated disturbances. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Cacace
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Desirèe Mineo
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Mancini
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Sasso
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Vannelli
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pascucci
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Dipartimento di Psicologia, Centro "Daniel Bovet,", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pendolino
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Dipartimento di Psicologia, Centro "Daniel Bovet,", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Molinari
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricerca e Clinica a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Filosofia, Scienze Sociali, Umane e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Chalorak P, Jattujan P, Nobsathian S, Poomtong T, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Holothuria scabra extracts exhibit anti-Parkinson potential in C. elegans: A model for anti-Parkinson testing. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:427-438. [PMID: 28276260 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1299437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with aggregation of α-synuclein and selective death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra, thereby leading to cognitive and motor impairments. Nowadays, the drugs commonly used for PD treatment, such as levodopa, provide only symptomatic relief. Therefore, seeking new drugs against PD, especially from plants and marine organisms, is one of the major research areas to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the anti-Parkinson activity of the extracts from the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, by using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model. METHODS H. scabra was solvent-extracted and subdivided into six fractions including whole body-ethyl acetate (WBEA), body wall-ethyl acetate (BWEA), viscera-ethyl acetate (VIEA), whole body-butanol (WBBU), body wall-butanol (BWBU), and viscera-butanol (VIBU). The extracts were tested in C. elegans BZ555 strain expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) specifically in the DA neurons and NL5901 strain expressing human α-synuclein in the muscle cells. RESULTS WBEA, BWEA, and WBBU fractions of H. scabra extracts at 500 µg/ml significantly attenuated DA neuron-degeneration induced by selective cathecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the BZ555 strain. Moreover, the extracts also reduced α-synuclein aggregation and restored lipid content in NL5901, as well as improved food-sensing behavior and prolonged lifespan in the 6-OHDA-treated wild-type strain. DISCUSSION The study indicated that the H. scabra extracts have anti-Parkinson potential in the C. elegans model. These findings encourage further investigations on using the H. scabra extract, as well as its active constituent compounds, as a possible preventive and/or therapeutic intervention against PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawanrat Chalorak
- a Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Rama VI Road Bangkok, 10400 , Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Jattujan
- a Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Rama VI Road Bangkok, 10400 , Thailand
| | - Saksit Nobsathian
- b Mahidol University , Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan 60130 , Thailand
| | - Tanate Poomtong
- c The Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Center , Prachuapkhirikhun 77000 , Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- a Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Rama VI Road Bangkok, 10400 , Thailand.,d Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University , Chonburi 20131 , Thailand
| | - Krai Meemon
- a Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science , Mahidol University , Rama VI Road Bangkok, 10400 , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Cai W, Zhang K, Li P, Zhu L, Xu J, Yang B, Hu X, Lu Z, Chen J. Dysfunction of the neurovascular unit in ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases: An aging effect. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 34:77-87. [PMID: 27697546 PMCID: PMC5384332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current understanding on the mechanisms of brain injury and neurodegeneration highlights an appreciation of multicellular interactions within the neurovascular unit (NVU), which include the evolution of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, neuronal cell death or degeneration, glial reaction, and immune cell infiltration. Aging is an important factor that influences the integrity of the NVU. The age-related physiological or pathological changes in the cellular components of the NVU have been shown to increase the vulnerability of the NVU to ischemia/reperfusion injury or neurodegeneration, and to result in deteriorated brain damage. This review describes the impacts of aging on each NVU component and discusses the mechanisms by which aging increases NVU sensitivity to stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Prophylactic or therapeutic perspectives that may delay or diminish aging and thus prevent the incidence of these neurological disorders will also be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ling Zhu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Boyu Yang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Mori MA, Delattre AM, Carabelli B, Pudell C, Bortolanza M, Staziaki PV, Visentainer JV, Montanher PF, Del Bel EA, Ferraz AC. Neuroprotective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease is mediated by a reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:341-351. [PMID: 28221817 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1290928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by deterioration of the nigrostriatal system and associated with chronic neuroinflammation. Glial activation has been associated with regulating the survival of dopaminergic neurons and is thought to contribute to PD through the release of proinflammatory and neurotoxic factors, such as reactive nitric oxide (NO) that triggers or exacerbates neurodegeneration in PD. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert protective effects, including antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activity, and may be promising for delaying or preventing PD by attenuating neuroinflammation and preserving dopaminergic neurons. The present study investigated the effects of fish oil supplementation that was rich in PUFAs on dopaminergic neuron loss, the density of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-immunoreactive cells, and microglia and astrocyte reactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatal dopaminergic fibers. METHODS The animals were supplemented with fish oil for 50 days and subjected to unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced lesions as a model of PD. RESULTS Fish oil mitigated the loss of SNpc neurons and nerve terminals in the striatum that was caused by 6-OHDA. This protective effect was associated with reductions of the density of iNOS-immunoreactive cells and microglia and astrocyte reactivity. DISCUSSION These results suggest that the antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of fish oil supplementation are closely related to a decrease in dopaminergic damage that is caused by the 6-OHDA model of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Mori
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Ana Marcia Delattre
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Bruno Carabelli
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Claudia Pudell
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- b Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia, Escola de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (FORP) , Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Pedro Vinícius Staziaki
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Jesuí Vergilio Visentainer
- c Laboratório de Química de Alimentos, Departamento de Química , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Paula Fernandes Montanher
- c Laboratório de Química de Alimentos, Departamento de Química , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- b Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia, Escola de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (FORP) , Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Anete Curte Ferraz
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Rocha NP, Assis F, Scalzo PL, Vieira ÉLM, Barbosa IG, de Souza MS, Christo PP, Reis HJ, Teixeira AL. Reduced Activated T Lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+) and Plasma Levels of Cytokines in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1488-1497. [PMID: 28176275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The cause of neurodegeneration in PD is not completely understood, and evidence has shown that inflammatory/immune changes may be involved in PD pathophysiology. Herein, we aimed to determine the profile of the peripheral immune system in patients with PD in comparison with controls. Forty patients with PD and 25 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled in this study. From these, 23 PD patients and 21 controls were included in the immunophenotyping analyses. Peripheral blood was drawn on the same day of the clinical assessment and submitted to plasma separation for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or cytometric bead array. Immunophenotyping analyses of the peripheral blood were performed by flow cytometry. We found that patients with PD presented peripheral immune changes evidenced by decreased percentage of T lymphocytes (CD3+ cells), especially activated T lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+ cells), when compared with controls. In line with these results, we also found decreased plasma levels of the cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-17A in the PD group. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells harvested from healthy young donors was reduced after exposure to the anti-parkinsonian drugs levodopa and pramipexole. Our data corroborate the hypothesis that immunological mechanisms are involved in PD. It is not clear whether the differences that we have found are due to adaptive mechanisms or to changes associated with PD, including pharmacological treatment, or even directly related to the disease pathophysiology. Future studies are needed in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Sala 281, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Frankcinéia Assis
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paula Luciana Scalzo
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Sala 281, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Izabela Guimarães Barbosa
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Sala 281, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Mariana Soares de Souza
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Hospital, Av. Francisco Sales, 1.111 (9o. andar), Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30150-221, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pereira Christo
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Hospital, Av. Francisco Sales, 1.111 (9o. andar), Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30150-221, Brazil
| | - Helton José Reis
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Sala 281, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil.,Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Toll-like receptor 2 is increased in neurons in Parkinson's disease brain and may contribute to alpha-synuclein pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:303-319. [PMID: 27888296 PMCID: PMC5250664 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is likely a key contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressively debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is accompanied by a pathological accumulation of the α-synuclein protein in a staged manner through the brain. What leads to the accumulation of α-synuclein in PD and how this relates to inflammatory pathways, however, is not entirely clear. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is a major pathway mediating inflammation and, in particular, TLR2 is increasingly being implicated in PD. We have, therefore, examined the expression of TLR2 in postmortem brain tissue from PD patients and matched controls. We confirm that TLR2 is increased in PD brain, and find that levels of TLR2 correlate with the accumulation of pathological α-synuclein. TLR2 was expressed on neurons as well as microglia; however, the neuronal rather than glial expression of TLR2 was significantly increased in PD brain in accordance with disease staging, and TLR2 was strongly localized to α-synuclein positive Lewy bodies. In cell culture, activation of neuronal TLR2 induced an inflammatory response, including the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and microglial-activating chemokines, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, activation of neuronal TLR2 increased levels of endogenous α-synuclein protein, which was in turn associated with increased levels of the autophagy/lysosomal pathway marker p62. Finally, promoting autophagy with rapamycin or pharmacological inhibition of the TLR2 signaling pathway prevented the TLR2-mediated increase in α-synuclein in neuronal cell cultures. These results implicate neuronal TLR2 expression in human PD pathogenesis. In particular, the increased expression of TLR2 on neurons may provide new insight into disease pathogenesis and/or options for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
136
|
Davezies P. Souffrance au travail et enjeux de santé : le rôle charnière de l’inflammation et du stress oxydant. PERSPECTIVES INTERDISCIPLINAIRES SUR LE TRAVAIL ET LA SANTÉ 2017. [DOI: 10.4000/pistes.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
137
|
Shevchenko MA, Troyanova NI, Servuli EA, Bolkhovitina EL, Fedorina AS, Sapozhnikov AM. Study of Immunomodulatory Effects of Extracellular HSP70 in a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1384-1395. [PMID: 27914463 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory properties of extracellular heat shock proteins 70 kDa (HSP70) became interesting for investigators a long time ago. However, in recent years a series of works showing a significant relation of the immunostimulating effects of recombinant HSP70 to contamination of the protein samples with bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) has been published. The authors showed that intensive elimination of LPS from the protein samples resulted in inversion of immunostimulating effects of HSP70 to immunosuppressive activity of the protein. Nevertheless, at present the conception of immunostimulating, proinflammatory action of extracellular HSP70 is the most common. In this work, we studied immunomodulatory effects of exogenous HSP70 in a mouse model of allergic inflammation of airways. We also analyzed the dynamics of the level of the extracellular pool of HSP70 in the site of inflammation. The results demonstrated a considerable content of extracellular HSP70 in bronchoalveolar lavages with dynamics reflecting the stages of development of the induced inflammation. Oropharyngeal injection of exogenous HSP70 in the acute phase of allergic inflammation of airways resulted in significant suppression of the inflammatory process, which conforms to published data demonstrating an immunosuppressive activity of the extracellular pool of HSP70.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Shevchenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Indrio F, Martini S, Francavilla R, Corvaglia L, Cristofori F, Mastrolia SA, Neu J, Rautava S, Russo Spena G, Raimondi F, Loverro G. Epigenetic Matters: The Link between Early Nutrition, Microbiome, and Long-term Health Development. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:178. [PMID: 28879172 PMCID: PMC5572264 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are among the most important mechanisms by which environmental factors can influence early cellular differentiation and create new phenotypic traits during pregnancy and within the neonatal period without altering the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. A number of antenatal and postnatal factors, such as maternal and neonatal nutrition, pollutant exposure, and the composition of microbiota, contribute to the establishment of epigenetic changes that can not only modulate the individual adaptation to the environment but also have an influence on lifelong health and disease by modifying inflammatory molecular pathways and the immune response. Postnatal intestinal colonization, in turn determined by maternal flora, mode of delivery, early skin-to-skin contact and neonatal diet, leads to specific epigenetic signatures that can affect the barrier properties of gut mucosa and their protective role against later insults, thus potentially predisposing to the development of late-onset inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to outline the epigenetic mechanisms of programming and development acting within early-life stages and to examine in detail the role of maternal and neonatal nutrition, microbiota composition, and other environmental factors in determining epigenetic changes and their short- and long-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Indrio
- Department of Pediatrics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Martini
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Corvaglia
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Andrea Mastrolia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Josef Neu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Giovanna Russo Spena
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Loverro
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Humbert-Claude M, Duc D, Dwir D, Thieren L, Sandström von Tobel J, Begka C, Legueux F, Velin D, Maillard MH, Do KQ, Monnet-Tschudi F, Tenenbaum L. Tollip, an early regulator of the acute inflammatory response in the substantia nigra. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:303. [PMID: 27927222 PMCID: PMC5142340 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tollip is a ubiquitously expressed protein, originally described as a modulator of the IL-1R/TLR-NF-κB signaling pathways. Although this property has been well characterized in peripheral cells, and despite some evidence of its expression in the central nervous system, the role of Tollip in neuroinflammation remains poorly understood. The present study sought to explore the implication of Tollip in inflammation in the substantia nigra pars compacta, the structure affected in Parkinson's disease. METHODS We first investigated Tollip distribution in the midbrain by immunohistochemistry. Then, we addressed TLR4-mediated response by intra-nigral injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 agonist, on inflammatory markers in Tollip knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. RESULTS We report an unexpectedly high Tollip immunostaining in dopaminergic neurons of the mice brain. Second, intra-nigral injection of LPS led to increased susceptibility to neuroinflammation in Tollip KO compared to Tollip WT mice. This was demonstrated by a significant increase of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the midbrain of Tollip KO mice upon LPS injection. Consistently, brain rAAV viral vector transduction with a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-inducible reporter gene confirmed increased NF-κB activation in Tollip KO mice. Lastly, Tollip KO mice displayed higher inducible NO synthase (iNOS) production, both at the messenger and protein level when compared to LPS-injected WT mice. Tollip deletion also aggravated LPS-induced oxidative and nitrosative damages, as indicated by an increase of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and nitrotyrosine immunostaining, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these findings highlight a critical role of Tollip in the early phase of TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation. As brain inflammation is known to contribute to Parkinson's disease, Tollip may be a potential target for neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Humbert-Claude
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Duc
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Dwir
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Thieren
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - C. Begka
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - D. Velin
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. H. Maillard
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K. Q. Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. Monnet-Tschudi
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of raloxifene in the myenteric plexus of a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 48:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
141
|
Souza RB, Frota AF, Sousa RS, Cezario NA, Santos TB, Souza LMF, Coura CO, Monteiro VS, Cristino Filho G, Vasconcelos SMM, da Cunha RMS, Aguiar LMV, Benevides NMB. Neuroprotective Effects of Sulphated Agaran from Marine Alga Gracilaria cornea in Rat 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinson's Disease Model: Behavioural, Neurochemical and Transcriptional Alterations. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 120:159-170. [PMID: 27612165 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and behavioural alterations. Natural bioactive compounds may provide new therapeutic alternatives for neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD. The sulphated polysaccharides isolated from marine algae are heterogenic molecules that show different biological activities. The red marine alga Gracilaria cornea has a sulphated polysaccharide (SA-Gc) with structure and anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities reported in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of SA-Gc in rat model PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Firstly, we established the PD model in rats, induced by an intrastriatal injection (int.) of 6-OHDA, followed by a single administration of SA-Gc (15, 30 or 60 μg; int.). On the 14th day, behavioural tests were performed. After killing, brain areas were dissected and used for neurochemical and/or transcriptional analyses. The results showed that SA-Gc (60 μg, int.) promoted neuroprotective effects in vivo through reducing the oxidative/nitroactive stress and through alterations in the monoamine contents induced by 6-OHDA. Furthermore, SA-Gc modulated the transcription of neuroprotective and inflammatory genes, as well as returning behavioural activities and weight gain to normal conditions. Thus, this study reports the neuroprotective effects of SA-Gc against 6-OHDA in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Basto Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chistiane Oliveira Coura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Valdécio Silvano Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Enrichment of risk SNPs in regulatory regions implicate diverse tissues in Parkinson's disease etiology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30509. [PMID: 27461410 PMCID: PMC4962314 DOI: 10.1038/srep30509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) revealed at least 26 risk loci, with associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in non-coding DNA having unknown functions in risk. In order to explore in which cell types these SNPs (and their correlated surrogates at r2 ≥ 0.8) could alter cellular function, we assessed their location overlap with histone modification regions that indicate transcription regulation in 77 diverse cell types. We found statistically significant enrichment of risk SNPs at 12 loci in active enhancers or promoters. We investigated 4 risk loci in depth that were most significantly enriched (−logeP > 14) and contained 8 putative enhancers in the different cell types. These enriched loci, along with eQTL associations, were unexpectedly present in non-neuronal cell types. These included lymphocytes, mesendoderm, liver- and fat-cells, indicating that cell types outside the brain are involved in the genetic predisposition to PD. Annotating regulatory risk regions within specific cell types may unravel new putative risk mechanisms and molecular pathways that contribute to PD development.
Collapse
|
143
|
Wang J, Wu WY, Huang H, Li WZ, Chen HQ, Yin YY. Biochanin A Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Damage of Dopaminergic Neurons Both In Vivo and In Vitro via Inhibition of Microglial Activation. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:486-98. [PMID: 27417698 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation might be a potential strategy for PD treatment. Biochanin A, is an O-methylated isoflavone, classified as a kind of phytoestrogens due to its chemical structure that is similar to mammalian estrogens. It has been found to possess antifibrotic, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of biochanin A on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced dopaminergic neurons damage both in vivo and in vitro and the related molecular mechanisms. The results showed that biochanin A treatment for 21 days significantly attenuated the behavioral dysfunction of PD rats, prevented dopaminergic neurons damage, and inhibited activation of microglia in the LPS-induced PD rats. Furthermore, biochanin A decreased the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum, and inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38 in the substantia nigra of PD rats. In vitro test, biochanin A also inhibited primary microglial activation and protected dopaminergic neurons, decreased the content of nitric oxide, IL-1β, and TNF-α in supernatants, and inhibited the reactive oxygen species production. Taken together, these results suggest that biochanin A exerts protective effects on LPS-induced PD rats, and the mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of inflammatory response and the MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Yang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Qing Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Yan Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Sun J, Zhu ZX, Song YL, Ren Y, Dong D, Zheng J, Liu T, Zhao YF, Tu PF, Li J. Anti-neuroinflammatory constituents from the fungus Penicillium purpurogenum MHZ 111. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:562-567. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1207075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Lin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Dong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Role of the IL-1 Pathway in Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration and Decreased Voluntary Movement. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4486-4495. [PMID: 27356916 PMCID: PMC5509814 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine synthesized and released by activated microglia, can cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration leading to Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, it is uncertain whether IL-1 can act directly, or by exacerbating the harmful actions of other brain insults. To ascertain the role of the IL-1 pathway on dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor skills during aging, we compared mice with impaired [caspase-1 knockout (casp1−/−)] or overactivated IL-1 activity [IL-1 receptor antagonist knockout (IL-1ra−/−)] to wild-type (wt) mice at young and middle age. Their motor skills were evaluated by the open-field and rotarod tests, and quantification of their dopamine neurons and activated microglia within the substantia nigra were performed by immunohistochemistry. IL-1ra−/− mice showed an age-related decline in motor skills, a reduced number of dopamine neurons, and an increase in activated microglia when compared to wt or casp1−/− mice. Casp1−/− mice had similar changes in motor skills and dopamine neurons, but fewer activated microglia cells than wt mice. Our results suggest that the overactivated IL-1 pathway occurring in IL-1ra−/− mice in the absence of inflammatory interventions (e.g., intracerebral injections performed in animal models of PD) increased activated microglia, decreased the number of dopaminergic neurons, and reduced their motor skills. Decreased IL-1 activity in casp1−/− mice did not yield clear protective effects when compared with wt mice. In summary, in the absence of overt brain insults, chronic activation of the IL-1 pathway may promote pathological aspects of PD per se, but its impairment does not appear to yield advantages over wt mice.
Collapse
|
146
|
Qiao C, Zhang LX, Sun XY, Ding JH, Lu M, Hu G. Caspase-1 Deficiency Alleviates Dopaminergic Neuronal Death via Inhibiting Caspase-7/AIF Pathway in MPTP/p Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4292-4302. [PMID: 27339879 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Caspase family has been recognized to be involved in dopaminergic (DA) neuronal death and to exert an unfavorable role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. Our previous study has revealed that caspase-1, as an important component of NLRP3 inflammasome, induces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the role of caspase-1 in DA neuronal degeneration in the onset of PD remains unclear. Here, we showed that caspase-1 knockout ameliorated DA neuronal loss and dyskinesia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/p)-induced PD model mice. We further found that caspase-1 knockout decreased MPTP/p-induced caspase-7 cleavage, subsequently inhibited nuclear translocation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), and reduced the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Consistently, we demonstrated that caspase-1 inhibitor suppressed caspase-7/PARP1/AIF-mediated apoptosis pathway by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) stimulation in SH-SY5Y cells. Caspase-7 overexpression reduced the protective effects of caspase-1 inhibitor on SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. Collectively, our results have revealed that caspase-1 regulates DA neuronal death in the pathogenesis of PD in mice via caspase-7/PARP1/AIF pathway. These findings will shed new insight into the potential of caspase-1 as a target for PD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lin-Xia Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xi-Yang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jian-Hua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Sun J, Zhu ZX, Song YL, Dong D, Zheng J, Liu T, Zhao YF, Ferreira D, Zjawiony JK, Tu PF, Li J. Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Meroterpenoids from the Fungus Penicillium purpurogenum MHZ 111. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1415-1422. [PMID: 27120704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Five new meroterpenoids, purpurogenolides A-E (1-5), and four known metabolites (6-9) were isolated from the solid substrate fermentation cultures of the fungus Penicillium purpurogenum MHz 111. The structures of the new meroterpenoids were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D and 2D NMR, IR, and HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of 1 and 5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, and those of 2-4 were elucidated on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 2-4 and 6 showed inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 microglial cells with IC50 values of 0.8-30.0 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Lin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Dong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences , Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Jordan K Zjawiony
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Henriksen JN, Eriksson BOM. Parkinsonism as a side effect of infliximab. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-214802. [PMID: 27151053 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 64-year-old man with Crohn's disease who developed parkinsonism after starting treatment with infliximab (Remicade). The patient had a 30-year history of Crohn's disease with previous surgical procedures and treatment with methotrexate. Treatment was augmented with infliximab, and 3 days after the first dose of 400 mg, a resting tremor began in the left leg. Over 4 months, symptoms progressed and now involved the right leg as well as both hands. There was no clinical effect of infliximab treatment, and the treatment was withdrawn 4 months later. The patient then experienced gradual, but continual, improvement of the resting tremor after withdrawal of infliximab. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing a patient developing parkinsonism after starting treatment with infliximab, with symptoms remitting on discontinuation.
Collapse
|
149
|
Botsakis K, Theodoritsi S, Grintzalis K, Angelatou F, Antonopoulos I, Georgiou C, Margarity M, Matsokis N, Panagopoulos N. 17β-Estradiol/N-acetylcysteine interaction enhances the neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons in the weaver model of dopamine deficiency. Neuroscience 2016; 320:221-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
150
|
|