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Zou Z, Gan S, Liu S, Li R, Huang J. Investigation of differentially expressed genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:916-926. [PMID: 31289570 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy of the head and neck. The aim of the present study was to conduct an integrated bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to explore the molecular mechanisms of NPC. Two profiling datasets, GSE12452 and GSE34573, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and included 44 NPC specimens and 13 normal nasopharyngeal tissues. R software was used to identify the DEGs between NPC and normal nasopharyngeal tissues. Distributions of DEGs in chromosomes were explored based on the annotation file and the CYTOBAND database of DAVID. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were applied. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, constructed using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape, was used to identify hub genes, key modules and important transcription factors (TFs). A total of 906 DEGs were identified; 434 (47.90%) DEGs were upregulated and 472 (52.10%) were downregulated. The DEGs were demonstrated to be enriched in chromosome 7p15-p14, 2q31, 1q21-q22, 1q21, 4q21 and 1p31-p22. DEGs were mainly enriched for the following GO terms: 'Cilium movement', 'microtubule bundle formation' and 'axoneme assembly'. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that pathways for 'cell cycle', 'DNA replication', 'interleukin-17 signaling', 'amoebiasis' and 'glutathione metabolism' were enriched. In addition, a PPI network comprising 867 nodes and 1,241 edges was constructed. Finally, five hub genes (aurora kinase A, cell division cycle 6, mitotic arrest deficient 2-like 1, DNA topoisomerase 2α and TPX2 microtubule nucleation factor), 8 modules, and 14 TFs were identified. Modules analysis revealed that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and exportin 1 were involved in the pathway of Epstein-Barr virus infection. In summary, the hub genes, key modules and TFs identified in this study may promote our understanding of the pathogenesis of NPC and require further in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Zou
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Rujia Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
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102
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Guo X, Li T, Li F, Xu Y, Wang H, Cheng W, Tang J, Zhou G, Chen H, Ng M, Ji M, Ge S, Xia N. Intermittent abortive reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus during the progression of nasopharyngeal cancer as indicated by elevated antibody levels. Oral Oncol 2019; 93:85-90. [PMID: 31109701 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a common cancer in Southeastern Asia, is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection; however, the aetiological role of EBV in NPC pathogenesis remains enigmatic. The life cycle of EBV in NPC patients is defined as latency II, while the antibodies specific to lytic phase proteins, as well as lytic genes, were highly expressed in NPC patients. The correlation between antibody levels and the progression of NPC has been reported in some studies; however, most of these studies focused on IgA antibodies, and the results in different articles were not consistent. In this study, we concurrently determined the levels of IgA and IgG antibodies specific to six purified recombinant EBV antigens associated with different replication statuses of EBV: EBNA1 associated with latency II; the non-structural antigens Zta, TK, EA-D and EA-R associated with immediate-early and early lytic phases; and the EBV matrix protein VCA p18, which is involved in late lytic phase. Levels of antibodies specific to immediate-early and early antigens were correlated with the tumour progression, especially tumour size. The levels of antibodies specific to some lytic phase antigens were also correlated with lymph node inclusion and metastasis. However, the antibody specific to the latency II antigen EBNA1 was not correlated with either tumour size or metastasis. Consistent with previous transcriptome studies, the results suggested both the expression of lytic phase genes at the protein level and the intermittent reactivation of EBV in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Fugui Li
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, PR China
| | - Yarui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weimin Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, PR China
| | - Jiabao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Guoliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Munhon Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Mingfang Ji
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, PR China.
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
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103
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Beigzadeh Z, Pourhassan B, Kalantary S, Golbabaei F. Occupational exposure to wood dust and risk of nasopharyngeal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:170-176. [PMID: 30677637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in some regions. While wood dust is a confirmed human carcinogen, its association with NPC remains uncertain due to inconsistent findings in the related studies. We performed the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the epidemiological evidence to examine the association between occupational exposure to wood dust and the risk of NPC. METHODS In this meta-analysis study, the PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for English-language publications. seven case-control studies were included in the pooled analysis. RESULTS These studies were published between 1991 and 2016. The heterogeneity across the studies was significant (P = 0.06, I2 = 50.4%). The results of the random effects model meta-analysis showed that there was a direct relationship between occupational exposure to wood dust and NPC (OR = 1.5 95% CI: 1.09-2.07). Among different histological subtypes of NPC, there was a significantly increased risk for the nonkeratinizing carcinoma following wood dust exposure (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.03-2.74). We found no evidence of publication bias across studies according to the result of the Egger's test (P of bias = 0.073). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that occupational exposure to wood dust can be associated with an increased risk of the nonkeratinizing carcinoma of the histological subtypes of nasopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Beigzadeh
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Pourhassan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Kalantary
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Golbabaei
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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104
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Marino MJ, Hsieh MC, Wu EL, Riley CA, Wu XC, McCoul ED. Early Versus Late Computed Tomography and Nasal Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal and Paranasal Sinus Malignancy. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:388-394. [PMID: 30900468 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419838106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) may be associated with an increased risk of subsequent diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) or paranasal sinus cancer (PSC) in elderly Americans. The clinical utility of this association remains uncertain. Objective To compare early computed tomography (CT) or nasal endoscopy (NE) with late diagnostic studies for the diagnosis of NPC or PSC in elderly Americans with CRS or AR. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database was queried from 2003 to 2011 and included 150 088 Medicare beneficiaries. Patients with a diagnosis of CRS or AR were examined for either NE or CT performed within 6 months of the exposure diagnosis. The risk of a cancer diagnosis was determined between the early and the late diagnostic groups. Results The relative risk of early cancer diagnosis with NE was 1.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60–2.43). The number needed to detect (NND) a case of cancer with NE was 503 (95% CI, 387–718). The relative risk of an early cancer diagnosis using CT was 3.40 (95% CI, 2.85–4.06) and NND was 221 (95% CI, 194–255). The stage of NPC or PSC for the late diagnostic group was not different from those with early NE ( P = .458) or CT ( P = .497). Overall survival was not different between diagnostic groups for NE ( P = .789) or CT ( P = .425). Conclusions Early NE or CT is associated with a higher likelihood of cancer diagnosis in elderly individuals with a diagnosis of CRS or AR. The clinical utility of this association is limited due to the low prevalence of these malignancies and lack of difference in disease stage and overall survival between diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Marino
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Mei-Chin Hsieh
- 2 Louisiana Tumor Registry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eric L Wu
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Charles A Riley
- 4 Division of Otolaryngology, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia
| | - Xiao-Cheng Wu
- 2 Louisiana Tumor Registry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Edward D McCoul
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,5 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana.,6 Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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105
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Elevated SUV39H2 attributes to the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via regulation of NRIP1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:290-295. [PMID: 30709585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent tumor in southern China and southeast Asia. Recent studies have demonstrated that viral infection, somatic genetic changes, and epigenetic changes synergistically contribute to NPC pathogenesis. Genome-wide studies show that epigenetic aberrations likely drive nasopharyngeal carcinoma development and progression. This work is aimed at investigating the effect of histone methyltransferase SUV39H2 in NPC. The elevated expression of SUV39H2 in NPC is observed by analyzing GSE53819 and GSE12452 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. SUV39H2 knockdown inhibits NPC proliferation and induces the apoptosis of cancer cells. At last, RNaseq analysis identifies a variety of SUV39H2 downstream genes related with cancer, in which, NRIP1 is identified as a critical downstream target of SUV39H2 in NPC. Taken together, these findings provide a theoretical basis for understating the biological roles of SUV39H2 in NPC.
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106
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Lan R, Huang F, Zhong G, Chen R, Wang Z, Chen J, Fu L, Hong J, Zhang L. Effects of CKMT1 on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:597-606. [PMID: 30507333 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1554919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioresistance is an important factor for unsatisfactory prognosis in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKMT1) is always associated with malignancy in a variety of cancers. However, its significance in NPC progression and radiosensitivity remains unclear. The present study focused on investigating the effects of CKMT1 on NPC cell radiosensitivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS CKMT1 was overexpressed in NPC cell line CNE-1 or knocked out in CNE-2. Biological changes were detected after cells exposing to different doses of X-ray to determine the role of CKMT1 on NPC cell radiosensitivity. RESULTS CKMT1 promotes proliferation and migration in NPC cell lines CNE-1 and CNE-2. Overexpression of CKMT1 in CNE-1 cells enhanced colony formation rates, reduced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, lowered apoptosis rate and c-PARP level, and elevated STAT3 phosphorylation level after radiation treatment. While knocking out CKMT1 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in CNE-2 cells lowered colony formation rates, increased G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis rates, and c-PARP levels, and decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in response to radiation treatment. CONCLUSIONS NPC cells with higher CKMT1 exhibited lower radiosensitivity through promoting phosphorylation of STAT3. Our findings suggest that CKMT1 may be an alternative radiotherapeutic target in NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Lan
- a Central Lab , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities , Fuzhou , China
| | - Fei Huang
- a Central Lab , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities , Fuzhou , China
| | - Guangxian Zhong
- d Department of Orthopaedics , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Ruiqing Chen
- a Central Lab , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zeng Wang
- a Central Lab , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities , Fuzhou , China
| | - Junying Chen
- a Central Lab , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities , Fuzhou , China
| | - Lengxi Fu
- a Central Lab , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- e Department of Radiotherapy , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- a Central Lab , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities , Fuzhou , China
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107
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Anti-Cancer Mechanisms of Taurine in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:533-541. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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108
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Su B, Xu T, Bruce JP, Yip KW, Zhang N, Huang Z, Zhang G, Liu FF, Liang J, Yang H, Claret FX. hsa‑miR‑24 suppresses metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating the c‑Myc/epithelial‑mesenchymal transition axis. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2536-2546. [PMID: 30226609 PMCID: PMC6151896 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the major contributor to treatment failure and mortality in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The lack of effective treatment strategies for metastatic NPC is the major cause for the low survival rate. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC metastasis and to identify potential biomarkers for targeted therapy. MicroRNA (miRNAs or miRs) have been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the significance of hsa-miR-24 in NPC metastasis. Significantly lower hsa-miR-24 levels were observed in NPC metastatic tumors and higher hsa-miR-24 levels were associated with longer progression-free and metastasis-free survival durations. hsa-miR-24 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Using bioinformatics approaches together with functional luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that the c-Myc 3′-UTR was a direct target of hsa-miR-24 in regulating NPC metastasis. Protein profiling analysis revealed that a high c-Myc expression was inversely associated with metastasis-free overall survival and with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the overexpression of hsa-miR-24 decreased NPC cell invasive ability induced by the overexpression of c-Myc, associated with EMT epithelial marker (E-cadherin) restoration. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that hsa-miR-24 suppresses metastasis in NPC by regulating the c-Myc/EMT axis, suggesting that hsa-miR-24 may be used as a prognostic factor and as a novel target for the prevention of NPC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojin Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jeff P Bruce
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kenneth W Yip
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Zeli Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Guoyi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jiyong Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiling Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - François X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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109
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Zhang J, Shen Z, Liu H, Liu S, Shu W. Diagnostic potential of methylated DAPK in brushing samples of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2953-2964. [PMID: 30214290 PMCID: PMC6118259 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s171796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) gene is an important member of the apoptotic pathway and is inactivated by abnormal methylation in numerous cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the diagnostic value of DAPK methylation in brushing samples and tissue samples of NPC remains unclear. Methods We conducted a systematic meta-analysis based on 17 studies (including 386 tissue cases, 233 brushing cases, and 296 blood cases). Results Our results revealed an association between methylated DAPK and increased risk of NPC in blood, brushing, and tissue samples. In addition, the comparison of the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of methylated DAPK in brushing and tissue samples demonstrated the non-inferior effectiveness of methylated DAPK in brushing samples to monitor the development of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Huigao Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Zhenhai Longsai Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Shu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China,
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110
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Wong TS, Chen S, Zhang MJ, Chan JYW, Gao W. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNA BART7 downregulates major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related peptide A and reduces the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2887-2892. [PMID: 30127876 PMCID: PMC6096257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from natural killer (NK) cell surveillance enables cancer to proliferate and spread at the early stages. NK cells mediate specific cytolysis by activation of the triggering receptors on their cell surface, of which the communication between natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) and major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related peptide A (MICA) is a key regulatory axis. It has been indicated that cancer cells can reduce the surface expression of MICA, which thereby reduces the cytotoxicity of NK cells. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study indicated that MICA expression in NPC was regulated by TGFβ1. Furthermore, the human MICA gene was demonstrated to contain the c-Myc binding site in the promoter region. Notably, the results suggested that TGFβ1 upregulated MICA expression by promoting c-Myc expression. Additionally, the findings demosntrated that TGFβ1 expression in NPC was negatively controlled by Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNA BART7 (ebv-miR-BART7). In ebv-miR-BART7-expressing NPC, the TGFβ1/c-Myc/MICA regulatory axis was significantly inhibited. Notably, functional analysis indicated that NPC cells expressing ebv-miR-BART7 were less sensitive to the cytolysis mediated by NK cells. In conclusion, the present results revealed that ebv-miR-BART7-expressing NPC may impair NK cells recognition and activity, which suggests that targeting ebv-miR-BART7 may be a useful therapeutic strategy in NPC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Min-Juan Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
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111
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Fan PW, Huang L, Chang XM, Feng YN, Yao X, Peng YC, Dong T, Wang RZ. Human Leukocyte Antigen-A Allele Distribution in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Showing Anti-Melanoma-Associated Antigen A or Synovial Sarcoma X-2 T Cell Response in Blood. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1289-1295. [PMID: 29786040 PMCID: PMC5987498 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.232791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Development of innovative immunotherapy is imperative to improve the poor survival of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. In this study, we evaluated the T cell response to melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A1, MAGE-A3, or synovial sarcoma X-2 (SSX-2) in the peripheral blood of treatment-naive NPC patients. The relationship of responses among the three proteins and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A types were analyzed to provide evidence of designing novel therapy. Methods: Sixty-one NPC patients admitted into the Tumor Hospital affiliated to the Xinjiang Medical University between March 2015 and July 2016 were enrolled. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood before any treatment. HLA-A alleles were typed with Sanger sequence-based typing technique. The T cell response to the MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, or SSX-2 was evaluated with the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot assay. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the T cell responses from different groups. Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship of T cell responses. Results: HLA-A*02:01, A*02:07, and A*24:02 were the three most frequent alleles (18.9%, 12.3%, and 11.5%, respectively) among the 22 detected alleles. 31.1%, 19.7%, and 16.4% of the patients displayed MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, or SSX-2-specific T cell response, respectively. The magnitudes of response to the three proteins were 32.5, 38.0, and 28.7 SFC/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively. The T cell response against the three proteins correlated with each other to different extent. The percentage of A*02:01 and A*24:02 carriers were significantly higher in patients responding to any of the three proteins compared to the nonresponders. Conclusion: MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, or SSX-2-specific T cell responses were detectable in a subgroup of NPC patients, the frequency and magnitude of which were correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Fan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Ya-Ning Feng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- CAMS Oxford Center for Translation Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Yan-Chun Peng
- CAMS Oxford Center for Translation Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- CAMS Oxford Center for Translation Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ruo-Zheng Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
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112
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Xue N, Lin JH, Xing S, Liu D, Li SB, Lai YZ, Wang XP, Mao MJ, Zhong Q, Zeng MS, Liu WL. Plasma Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and CCL3 as Potential Biomarkers for Distinguishing Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma from High-Risk Individuals Who Have Positive Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen-Specific IgA. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:378-390. [PMID: 29807404 PMCID: PMC6333976 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify novel plasma biomarkers for distinguishing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients from healthy individuals who have positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA-IgA). Materials and Methods One hundred seventy-four plasma cytokines were analyzed by a Cytokine Array in eight healthy individuals with positive EBV VCA-IgA and eight patients with NPC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the expression levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) in NPC cell lines and tumor tissues. Plasma MIF and CCL3 were measured by ELISA in 138 NPC patients, 127 EBV VCA-IgA negative (VN) and 100 EBV VCA-IgA positive healthy donors (VP). Plasma EBV VCA-IgA was determined by immunoenzymatic techniques. Results Thirty-four of the 174 cytokines varied significantly between the VP and NPC group. Plasma MIF and CCL3 were significantly elevated in NPC patients compared with VN and VP. Combination of MIF and CCL3 could be used for the differential diagnosis of NPC from VN cohort (area under the curve [AUC], 0.913; sensitivity, 90.00%; specificity, 80.30%), and combination of MIF, CCL3, and VCA-IgA could be used for the differential diagnosis of NPC from VP cohort (AUC, 0.920; sensitivity, 90.00%; specificity, 84.00%), from (VN+VP) cohort (AUC, 0.961; sensitivity, 90.00%; specificity, 92.00%). Overexpressions of MIF and CCL3 were observed in NPC plasma, NPC cell lines and NPC tissues. Conclusion Plasma MIF, CCL3, and VCA-IgA combination significantly improves the diagnostic specificity of NPC in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Lai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Jie Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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113
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Liu J, Ji X, Shen Z, Wang PhD Y, Luo PhD B. Sequence variations of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded BARF1 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinomas and healthy donors from southern and northern China. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1629-1635. [PMID: 29797589 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The BamHI A rightward frame 1 (BARF1) gene of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is involved in carcinogenesis and immunomodulation of EBV-associated malignancies. The geographical distributions and the disease associations of BARF1 variants remain unclear. In the current study, the BARF1 variants in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases and healthy donors from southern and northern China, the NPC endemic and non-endemic areas, as well as in 153 sequenced EBV genomes from diseased and normal people from around the world, were determined and compared among areas and populations. Only 1 consistent coding change, V29A, and several consistent silent mutations were identified. Two BARF1 types (B95-8 and V29A) and 2 B95-8 subtypes (B95-8t165545c and B95-8P ) were classified. For Chinese isolates, the B95-8 type was dominant in both southern and northern China, but the isolates from southern China showed a higher frequency of the B95-8t165545c subtype than the isolates from northern China (76.0%, 38/50 NPC cases and 50.7%, 37/73 healthy donors vs 26.4%, 24/91 NPC cases and 7.6%, 6/79 healthy donors, P < .0001). Furthermore, the B95-8t165545c subtype was more frequent in NPC cases than healthy donors in both southern China (P = .005) and northern China (P = .001). For EBV genomes, the B95-8P subtype was dominant in northern China, Europe, America, and Australia, while V29A was dominant in Africa. The B95-8t165545c subtype was only identified in Asia and demonstrated high frequency (81.2%, 26/32) in genomes from NPC cases in southern China. These results further reveal conservation and possibly geographically spread variations of BARF1 and may also indicate the preference of EBV strains with the B95-8t165545c subtype in NPC cases, without biological or pathogenic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinqiang Ji
- Modern Educational Technology Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhichao Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Liberation Army 107 Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yun Wang PhD
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Luo PhD
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
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114
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Tsao SW, Tsang CM, Lo KW. Epstein-Barr virus infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0270. [PMID: 28893937 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with multiple types of human cancer, including lymphoid and epithelial cancers. The closest association with EBV infection is seen in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is endemic in the southern Chinese population. A strong association between NPC risk and the HLA locus at chromosome 6p has been identified, indicating a link between the presentation of EBV antigens to host immune cells and NPC risk. EBV infection in NPC is clonal in origin, strongly suggesting that NPC develops from the clonal expansion of a single EBV-infected cell. In epithelial cells, the default program of EBV infection is lytic replication. However, latent infection is the predominant mode of EBV infection in NPC. The establishment of latent EBV infection in pre-invasive nasopharyngeal epithelium is believed to be an early stage of NPC pathogenesis. Recent genomic study of NPC has identified multiple somatic mutations in the upstream negative regulators of NF-κB signalling. Dysregulated NF-κB signalling may contribute to the establishment of latent EBV infection in NPC. Stable EBV infection and the expression of latent EBV genes are postulated to drive the transformation of pre-invasive nasopharyngeal epithelial cells to cancer cells through multiple pathways.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human oncogenic viruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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115
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Huang SCM, Tsao SW, Tsang CM. Interplay of Viral Infection, Host Cell Factors and Tumor Microenvironment in the Pathogenesis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E106. [PMID: 29617291 PMCID: PMC5923361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In addition, heavy infiltration of leukocytes is a common characteristic of EBV-associated NPC. It has long been suggested that substantial and interactive impacts between cancer and stromal cells create a tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumorigenesis. The coexistence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with EBV-infected NPC cells represents a distinct TME which supports immune evasion and cancer development from the early phase of EBV infection. Intracellularly, EBV-encoded viral products alter host cell signaling to facilitate tumor development and progression. Intercellularly, EBV-infected cancer cells communicate with stromal cells through secretion of cytokines and chemokines, or via release of tumor exosomes, to repress immune surveillance and enhance metastasis. Although high expression of miR-BARTs has been detected in NPC patients, contributions of these more recently discovered viral products to the establishment of TME are still vaguely defined. Further investigations are needed to delineate the mechanistic linkage of the interplay between viral and host factors, especially in relation to TME, which can be harnessed in future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, HK, China.
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, HK, China.
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116
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Yang MJ, Guo J, Ye YF, Chen SH, Peng LX, Lin CY, Hu T, Xie SH, Xie CB, Huang QH, Lu YQ, Liu Q, Qian CN, Cao SM. Decreased macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β increase the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:7. [PMID: 29764502 PMCID: PMC5993139 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of circulating inflammation markers with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is still largely unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between circulating cytokine levels and the subsequent risk of NPC with a two-stage epidemiologic study in southern China. Methods The serum levels of 33 inflammatory cytokines were first measured in a hospital-based case–control study (150 NPC patients and 150 controls) using multiplex assay platforms. Marker levels were categorized into two or more groups based on the proportion of sample measurements that was above the lower limit of detection. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating the serum marker concentration to the risk of NPC were computed by multivariable logistic regression models. The associations were validated in 60 patients with NPC and 120 controls in a subsequent nested case–control study within a NPC screening trial. Potential interactions between serum cytokines and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) relating to the risk of NPC were assessed using a likelihood ratio test. Results The levels of serum macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β in the highest categories were associated with a decreased risk of NPC in both the case–control study (MIP-1α: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26–0.95; MIP-1β: OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.22–1.00) and the nested case–control study (MIP-1α: OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.03–0.62; MIP-1β: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.04–0.94), compared with those in the lowest categories. Furthermore, individuals with lower levels of these two cytokine markers who were EBV seropositive presented with a largely higher risk of NPC compared with patients with higher levels who were EBV seronegative in both the case–control study (MIP-1α: OR = 16.28, 95% CI = 7.11–37.23; MIP-1β: OR = 12.86, 95% CI = 5.9–28.05) and the nested case–control study (MIP-1α: OR = 86.12, 95% CI = 10.58–701.03; MIP-1β: OR = 115.44, 95% CI = 13.92–957.73). Conclusions Decreased preclinical MIP-1α and MIP-1β levels might be associated with a subsequently increased risk of NPC. More mechanistic studies are required to fully understand this finding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40880-018-0279-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fang Ye
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Sui-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Yang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Hang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Bo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Hong Huang
- Sihui Cancer Institute, Sihui, 526200, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qiang Lu
- Sihui Cancer Institute, Sihui, 526200, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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117
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Ng WT, Wong ECY, Lee VHF, Chan JYW, Lee AWM. Head and neck cancer in Hong Kong. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018; 48:13-21. [PMID: 29145620 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Hong Kong. HNC is well-known for its heterogeneity in epidemiology, clinical behavior, clinic-pathological features and patient characteristics. Treatment strategies for this heterogeneous disease vary greatly in different parts of the world, depending on availability of resources, local expertise and experience. Extensive research in head and neck cancer, particularly nasopharyngeal carcinoma, has been conducted in Hong Kong in the past few decades. In this article, we will review the available local evidence and summarize common practice in management of head and neck cancer in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Tong Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital
| | - Edwin C Y Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital
| | - Victor H F Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimmy Y W Chan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anne W M Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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118
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Shair KHY, Reddy A, Cooper VS. New Insights from Elucidating the Role of LMP1 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040086. [PMID: 29561768 PMCID: PMC5923341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncogenic protein that has no intrinsic enzymatic activity or sequence homology to cellular or viral proteins. The oncogenic potential of LMP1 has been ascribed to pleiotropic signaling properties initiated through protein-protein interactions in cytosolic membrane compartments, but the effects of LMP1 extend to nuclear and extracellular processes. Although LMP1 is one of the latent genes required for EBV-immortalization of B cells, the biology of LMP1 in the pathogenesis of the epithelial cancer nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is more complex. NPC is prevalent in specific regions of the world with high incidence in southeast China. The epidemiology and time interval from seroconversion to NPC onset in adults would suggest the involvement of multiple risk factors that complement the establishment of a latent and persistent EBV infection. The contribution of LMP1 to EBV pathogenesis in polarized epithelia has only recently begun to be elucidated. Furthermore, the LMP1 gene has emerged as one of the most divergent sequences in the EBV genome. This review will discuss the significance of recent advances in NPC research from elucidating LMP1 function in epithelial cells and lessons that could be learned from mining LMP1 sequence diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy H Y Shair
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Akhil Reddy
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Vaughn S Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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119
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The sequential occurrence of the 2 malignancies development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and lymphoma is extremely rare and their coexistence raises the question of a common etiologic factor. CLINICAL FINDINGS/CLINICAL CONCERNS A 71-year-old previously healthy man presented with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (BCL) followed by NPC almost 2 years later with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive. DIAGNOSIS Endoscopic examination characterized a fixed, hard and nontender mass in the nasopharynx and biopsies were done. INTERVENTION A patient successfully underwent chemotherapy for lymphoma and chemoradiation for carcinoma sequentially. OUTCOMES He was followed up every 3 months for 1 year with endoscopic and radiological examinations. The nasopharynx mass was completely resolved after chemoradiation therapy. CONCLUSION The presentation with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (BCL) and NPC in this patient was perhaps caused by dual EBV infection or a different oncogenic mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma/virology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Male
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/radiotherapy
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/virology
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Hsu C, Lee SH, Ejadi S, Even C, Cohen RB, Le Tourneau C, Mehnert JM, Algazi A, van Brummelen EM, Saraf S, Thanigaimani P, Cheng JD, Hansen AR. Safety and Antitumor Activity of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Positive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Results of the KEYNOTE-028 Study. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:4050-4056. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.73.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish the safety profile and antitumor activity of the anti–programmed death 1 receptor monoclonal antibody, pembrolizumab, in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) that expressed programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Patients and Methods KEYNOTE-028 (NCT02054806) is a nonrandomized, multicohort, phase Ib trial of pembrolizumab in patients with PD-L1–positive advanced solid tumors. Key eligibility criteria for the NPC cohort included unresectable or metastatic disease, failure on prior standard therapy, and PD-L1 expression in 1% or more of tumor cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Patients received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks up to 2 years or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) per investigator review. Tumor response was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST; version 1.1) every 8 weeks for the first 6 months and every 12 weeks thereafter. Results Twenty-seven patients received pembrolizumab. Median age was 52.0 years (range, 18 to 68 years); 92.6% received prior therapies for RM-NPC; 70.4% had received three or more therapies. Partial response and stable disease were observed in seven and 14 patients, respectively, for an ORR of 25.9% (95% CI, 11.1 to 46.3) over a median follow-up of 20 months. ORR by central review was similar (26.3%). Drug-related adverse events that occurred in 15% or more of patients included rash (25.9%), pruritus (25.9%), pain (22.2%), hypothyroidism (18.5%), and fatigue (18.5%). Grade ≥ 3 drug-related adverse events occurred in eight patients (29.6%), and there was one drug-related death (sepsis). As of the data cutoff (June 20, 2016), two patients remained on pembrolizumab treatment. Conclusion Pembrolizumab demonstrated antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with RM-NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiun Hsu
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Samuel Ejadi
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Caroline Even
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Roger B. Cohen
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Janice M. Mehnert
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Alain Algazi
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Emilie M.J. van Brummelen
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Sanatan Saraf
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Pradeep Thanigaimani
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Jonathan D. Cheng
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
| | - Aaron R. Hansen
- Chiun Hsu, National Taiwan University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Se-Hoon Lee, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Samuel Ejadi, Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ; Roger B. Cohen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Janice M. Mehnert, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Alain Algazi, University of
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Chen RH, Du Y, Han P, Wang HB, Liang FY, Feng GK, Zhou AJ, Cai MY, Zhong Q, Zeng MS, Huang XM. ISG15 predicts poor prognosis and promotes cancer stem cell phenotype in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16910-22. [PMID: 26919245 PMCID: PMC4941359 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), the first identified ubiquitin-like protein, is known for its anti-viral capacity. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains controversial. Here, using RNA-seq profiling analysis, we identified ISG15 as a differentially expressed gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and validated its overexpression in NPC samples and cells. High ISG15 levels in NPC tissues were correlated with more frequent local recurrence and shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. ISG15 overexpression promoted a cancer stem cell phenotype in NPC cells, including increased colony and tumorsphere formation abilities, pluripotency-associated genes expression, and in vivo tumorigenicity. By contrast, knockdown of ISG15 attenuated stemness characteristics in NPC cells. Furthermore, overexpression of ISG15 increased NPC cell resistance to radiation and cisplatin (DDP) treatment. Our study demonstrates a protumor role of ISG15, and suggests that ISG15 is a prognostic predictor and a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hui Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fa-Ya Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guo-Kai Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhou
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mu-Yan Cai
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qian Zhong
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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Hau PM, Tsao SW. Epstein-Barr Virus Hijacks DNA Damage Response Transducers to Orchestrate Its Life Cycle. Viruses 2017; 9:v9110341. [PMID: 29144413 PMCID: PMC5707548 DOI: 10.3390/v9110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus that infects most of the human population. EBV infection is associated with multiple human cancers, including Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a subset of gastric carcinomas, and almost all undifferentiated non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Intensive research has shown that EBV triggers a DNA damage response (DDR) during primary infection and lytic reactivation. The EBV-encoded viral proteins have been implicated in deregulating the DDR signaling pathways. The consequences of DDR inactivation lead to genomic instability and promote cellular transformation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the relationship between EBV infection and the DDR transducers, including ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), ATR (ATM and Rad3-related), and DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase), and discusses how EBV manipulates the DDR signaling pathways to complete the replication process of viral DNA during lytic reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pok Man Hau
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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123
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Li J, Zhou C, Wang G, Wang S, Ni S, Ye M, Zhang J. Promoter hypermethylation of SLIT2 is a risk factor and potential diagnostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Gene 2017; 644:74-79. [PMID: 29107007 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SLIT2 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene and recent studies have shown that SLIT2 expression is suppressed or reduced by hypermethylation in the promoter region in various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SLIT2 promoter methylation and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its relative diagnostic ability for NPC. Bisulfite pyrosequencing technology was performed to measure methylation levels of the SLIT2 promoter in tissue and plasma samples from 61 NPC patients and 38 normal volunteers. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of SLIT2 methylation for diagnosing NPC. Our results showed that methylation levels of the SLIT2 promoter were significantly higher in NPC patients compared with individuals, both in tissue samples (P=2.57E-10) and plasma samples (plasma: P=3.86E-13). In addition, the frequency of SLIT2 promoter methylation markedly increased in the advanced stage (tissue: P=3.50E-05; plasma: P=1.14E-04) and advanced T classified (tissue: P=9.00E-06; plasma: P=3.80E-05), as well as in lymph node metastasis patients (tissue: P=1.82E-03; plasma: P=2.22E-03). In addition, the AUCs according to tissue and plasma samples were 0.846 and 0.866, respectively. When these two sample-types were combined, the AUC increased slightly to 0.874. Our study revealed that elevated SLIT2 promoter methylation contributed to the risk of NPC, as well as being involved in its progression and metastasis. Therefore, the methylated SLIT2 promoter could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guoli Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuming Ni
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China.
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Juliano A, Moonis G. Computed Tomography Versus Magnetic Resonance in Head and Neck Cancer: When to Use What and Image Optimization Strategies. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2017; 26:63-84. [PMID: 29128007 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a practical overview of head and neck cancers, outlining an approach to evaluating these lesions and optimizing imaging strategies. Recognition of key anatomic landmarks as suggested by American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) criteria is emphasized. Further, the recently updated eighth edition of the AJCC staging manual has introduced some modifications that influence the TNM staging. These modifications are discussed throughout the article to provide an updated review on head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Juliano
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Gul Moonis
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Metabolic Phase I (CYPs) and Phase II (GSTs) Gene Polymorphisms and Their Interaction with Environmental Factors in Nasopharyngeal Cancer from the Ethnic Population of Northeast India. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 25:33-44. [PMID: 28952035 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple genetic and environmental factors and their interaction are believed to contribute in the pathogenesis of Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC). We investigate the role of Metabolic Phase I (CYPs) and Phase II (GSTs) gene polymorphisms, gene-gene and gene-environmental interaction in modulating the susceptibility to NPC in Northeast India. To determine the association of metabolic gene polymorphisms and environmental habits, 123 cases and 189 controls blood/swab samples were used for PCR and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Analysis for GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphism was done by multiplex PCR. The T3801C in the 3'- flanking region of CYP1A1 gene was detected by PCR-RFLP method. The Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The GSTM1 null genotype alone (OR = 2.76) was significantly associated with NPC risk (P < 0.0001). The combinations of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes also higher, 3.77 fold (P < 0.0001), risk of NPC, while GSTM1 null genotype along with CYP1A1 T3801C TC + CC genotype had 3.22 (P = 0.001) fold risk. The most remarkable risk was seen among individual carrying GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null genotypes and CYP1A1 T3801C TC + CC genotypes (OR = 5.71, P = 0.001). Further; analyses demonstrate an enhanced risk of NPC in smoked meat (OR = 5.56, P < 0.0001) and fermented fish consumers (OR = 5.73, P < 0.0001) carrying GSTM1 null genotype. An elevated risk of NPC was noted in smokers (OR = 12.67, P < 0.0001) and chewers (OR = 5.68, P < 0.0001) with GSTM1 null genotype. However, smokers had the highest risk of NPC among individuals carrying GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 4.46, P = 0.001) or CYP1A1 T3801C TC + CC genotype (OR = 7.13, P < 0.0001). The association of null genotypes and mutations of metabolic neutralizing genes along with the environmental habits (tobacco smokers and chewers, smoke meat, fermented fishes) can be used as a possible biomarker for early detection and preventive measure of NPC.
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126
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Ooft ML, van Ipenburg J, van Loo R, de Jong R, Moelans C, Braunius W, de Bree R, van Diest P, Koljenović S, Baatenburg de Jong R, Hardillo J, Willems SM. Molecular profile of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: analysing tumour suppressor gene promoter hypermethylation by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:351-359. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AimsTo assess differences in methylation profiles, and thus pathogenesis, between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive and negative nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs). Also, promoter hypermethylation is a common phenomenon in early carcinogenesis to inactivate tumour suppressor genes. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, the therapeutic application of methylation inhibitors could provide treatment options.MethodsWe evaluated promoter hypermethylation profiles of 22 common tumour suppressor genes in 108 NPCs using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Correlation between methylation, clinicopathological features (including EBV) and survival was examined. Cluster analysis was also performed.ResultsHypermethylation of RASSF1A and ESR1 was significantly more frequent in EBV-positive NPC, while hypermethylation of DAPK1 was more frequent in EBV-negative NPC. In logistic regression, age, with EBV-positive NPC occurring at earlier age, and RASSF1, with RASSF1 hypermethylation being more frequent in EBV-positive NPC, remained significant. In EBV-positive NPC, hypermethylation of RASSF1A predicted worse overall survival (OS) (HR 3.058,95% CI 1.027 to 9.107). In EBV-negative NPC, hypermethylated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) was a predictor of poor disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 6.868, 95% CI 2.142 to 22.022).ConclusionThere are important epigenetic differences between EBV-negative and EBV-positive NPCs, with EBV-negative NPC having a more similar hypermethylation profile to other head and neck squamous cell carcinomas than EBV-positive NPC. Hypermethylation of RASSF1A might contribute to worse OS in EBV-positive NPC, and may be an important event in the pathogenesis of EBV-infected NPC. Hypermethylation of APC might contribute to worse DFS in EBV-negative NPC.
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127
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Adham M, Musa Z, Lisnawati, Suryati I. Sensitivity and specificity of narrow-band imaging nasoendoscopy compared to histopathology results in patients with suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/884/1/012114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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128
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Lin K, Zheng W, Lim CM, Huang Z. Real-time In vivo Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using Rapid Fiber-Optic Raman Spectroscopy. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:3517-3526. [PMID: 28912892 PMCID: PMC5596440 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the utility of a simultaneous fingerprint (FP) (i.e., 800-1800 cm-1) and high-wavenumber (HW) (i.e., 2800-3600 cm-1) fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy developed for real-time in vivo diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at endoscopy. A total of 3731 high-quality in vivo FP/HW Raman spectra (normal=1765; cancer=1966) were acquired in real-time from 204 tissue sites (normal=95; cancer=109) of 95 subjects (normal=57; cancer=38) undergoing endoscopic examination. FP/HW Raman spectra differ significantly between normal and cancerous nasopharyngeal tissues that could be attributed to changes of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and the bound water content in NPC. Principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) together with leave-one subject-out, cross-validation (LOO-CV) were implemented to develop robust Raman diagnostic models. The simultaneous FP/HW Raman spectroscopy technique together with PCA-LDA and LOO-CV modeling provides a diagnostic accuracy of 93.1% (sensitivity of 93.6%; specificity of 92.6%) for nasopharyngeal cancer identification, which is superior to using either FP (accuracy of 89.2%; sensitivity of 89.9%; specificity of 88.4%) or HW (accuracy of 89.7%; sensitivity of 89.0%; specificity of 90.5%) Raman technique alone. Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis reconfirms the best performance of the simultaneous FP/HW Raman technique for in vivo diagnosis of NPC. This work demonstrates for the first time that simultaneous FP/HW fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy technique has great promise for enhancing real-time in vivo cancer diagnosis in the nasopharynx during endoscopic examination.
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129
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Wu EL, Riley CA, Hsieh MC, Marino MJ, Wu XC, McCoul ED. Chronic sinonasal tract inflammation as a precursor to nasopharyngeal carcinoma and sinonasal malignancy in the United States. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2017; 7:786-793. [PMID: 28549211 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory states have been linked to the development of malignancy. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) have been associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in population-based studies in Asia. A similar association with NPC and paranasal sinus malignancy (PSM) has not been defined in a North American population. Our purpose was to investigate the impact of CRS and AR on the risk of NPC and PSM. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database was queried as a case-control study of adults ≥65 years of age. The study cohort included 2009 patients diagnosed with NPC and/or PSM diagnosed between 2003 and 2011, and 2009 propensity-score-matched controls selected from a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries without cancer. CRS and AR were examined as exposures. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was employed. RESULTS Overall, NPC and PSM patients were more likely to have previous CRS diagnosis than the controls (9.2% vs 3.0% and 11.1% vs 2.7%, respectively). CRS was associated with greater odds of developing NPC (odds ratio [OR], 3.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12-5.79) and PSM (OR, 5.30; 95% CI, 3.55-7.92). AR was associated with greater odds of developing NPC (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 2.96 to 6.06) and PSM (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 2.49-4.49). The number needed to harm in the exposed population was 311. CONCLUSIONS CRS and AR are associated with the presence of NPC and PSM in the elderly population of United States. This epidemiologic association will need to be examined for causative pathophysiologic mechanisms and utility in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Charles A Riley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Mei-Chin Hsieh
- Louisiana Tumor Registry, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Michael J Marino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiao-Cheng Wu
- Louisiana Tumor Registry, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Edward D McCoul
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA.,Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Kourelis K, Stergiou T, Papadas A, Kourelis T, Petta E, Papadas T. Clinicopathologic idiosyncrasies of nasopharyngeal cancer in a moderate-risk Mediterranean region. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2017; 37:180-187. [PMID: 28516960 PMCID: PMC5463506 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer of the nasopharynx displays an unparalleled skewness of its epidemiologic, pathogenic and clinico-prognostic characteristics depending on the geographic location. Between the endemic and sporadic forms, which occur in Southeastern Asia and Northern America, respectively, intermediate incidence is noted around the Mediterranean. This study describes the patterns of the disease affecting the population of Western Greece. The records of 70 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosed in a single institution between 1994-2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Primary treatment involved irradiation with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Demographic data, patient risk factors, tumour parameters, clinical presentation and treatment outcomes were assessed for potential intercorrelations. Overall (OS) and disease-specific (DSS) 5-year survival rates were determined. Possible predictors of survival were tested on univariate and multivariate analysis. WHO-type 3 histopathology was diagnosed predominantly (74.3%) and associated significantly with nasal symptomatology upon presentation (p = 0.050), metastatic lymphadenopathy (p = 0.028), advanced clinical stage (p = 0.009) and complete response to initial treatment (p = 0.018). Univariate analysis revealed a negative prognostic significance for older age (OS, p = 0.029 DSS, p = 0.041), poor response to treatment (OS & DSS p < 0.001) and cancer recurrence (OS, p = 0.003 DSS, p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, disease relapse maintained its adverse effect (HR 7.442, 95% CI 2.199-25.187, p = 0.001). In conclusion, among nasopharyngeal carcinomas arising in western Greece, lymphoepitheliomas manifest a distinct clinical behaviour, so that their latest grouping along with WHO-type 2 tumours into the "non-keratinising" category may not apply. Regardless of pathology, cancer recurrence after initial remission is a severe event.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kourelis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's General Hospital "Karamandaneio", Patras, Greece
| | - T Stergiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - A Papadas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - T Kourelis
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Olympion" General Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - E Petta
- Paliative Care Unit Galilee, Athens, Greece
| | - T Papadas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Noij DP, Martens RM, Marcus JT, de Bree R, Leemans CR, Castelijns JA, de Jong MC, de Graaf P. Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging in head and neck cancer: A systematic review of the diagnostic and prognostic value. Oral Oncol 2017; 68:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Feng S, Yang G, Yang H, Liang Z, Zhang R, Fan Y, Zhang G. NEDD4 is involved in acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:869-878. [PMID: 28379054 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1308617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive head-neck cancer derived from the nasopharyngeal epithelium, mainly prevalent in southern China and Southeast Asia. Radiotherapy and adjuvant cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy are standard administrations applied in the treatment of NPC. However, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs has recently become more common, resulting in worse treatment outcome for NPC therapy. To elucidate the underlying molecular basis of drug resistance to DDP in NPC cells, we examined the morphocytology, cell motility and molecular changes in DDP-resistant NPC cells with respect to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features. We found that EMT is closely associated with DDP-induced drug resistance in NPC cells, as DDP-resistant cells displayed morphological and molecular markers changes consistent with EMT. Wound healing and Transwell Boyden chamber assays revealed an enhanced migration and invasion potential in DDP-resistant NPC cells. Mechanistically, upregulation of NEDD4 was observed to relate to EMT in DDP-resistant cells. More importantly, depletion of NEDD4 in resistant cells led to a partial reversion of EMT phenotypes to MET characteristics. These data suggest that NEDD4 is largely involved in EMT features and chemoresistance of NPC cancer cells. NEDD4 could be a novel therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance in successful administrations of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Feng
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Guangwei Yang
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Haidi Yang
- d Department of Otolaryngology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zibin Liang
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- e Department of Orthopaedics , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Yunping Fan
- b Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Gehua Zhang
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Diagnostic Capacity of RASSF1A Promoter Methylation as a Biomarker in Tissue, Brushing, and Blood Samples of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:32-40. [PMID: 28396012 PMCID: PMC5405182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of the RAS association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) promoter has been observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study investigated the correlation of RASSF1A promoter methylation with clinicopathological features and its utility as a diagnostic biomarker in NPC. A total of 926 patients with NPC and 495 non-tumor controls were analyzed in this study. RASSF1A promoter methylation was notably higher in NPC compared with non-tumor tissue, brushing and blood samples. RASSF1A promoter methylation was associated with clinical stage, lymph node status, distant metastasis, and T classification of patients with NPC, although it was not linked to age and sex. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC (area under the curve) of RASSF1A promoter methylation were determined in NPC samples vs. non-tumor samples (tissue: sensitivity=0.72, specificity=0.99, AUC=0.98; brushing: sensitivity=0.56, specificity=1.00, AUC=0.94; blood: sensitivity=0.11, specificity=0.98, AUC=0.97). Our findings show that RASSF1A promoter methylation may be correlated with the development, progression and metastasis of NPC. RASSF1A promoter methylation is a promising noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of NPC from tissue and brushing samples.
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134
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Levi S, Zini A, Fischman S, Czerninski R. Epidemiology of oral, salivary gland and pharyngeal cancer in children and adolescents between 1970 and 2011. Oral Oncol 2017; 67:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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135
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Zhu XX, Yang XJ, Chao YL, Zheng HM, Sheng HF, Liu HY, He Y, Zhou HW. The Potential Effect of Oral Microbiota in the Prediction of Mucositis During Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:23-31. [PMID: 28216066 PMCID: PMC5405060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral mucositis is probably the most debilitating complication that can arise in treating a patient with head and neck cancer. Little is known about the impacts of oral microbiota on the initiation and progression of mucositis. Methods Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, dynamic changes in oral bacterial profile as well as correlations between the severity of mucositis and bacterial shifts during radiotherapy were investigated. Findings Our results revealed that bacterial community structure altered progressively during radiation therapy, in parallel with a marked increase in the relative abundance of some Gram-negative bacteria. Patients who eventually developed severe mucositis harbored a significantly lower bacterial alpha diversity and higher abundance of Actinobacillus during the phase of erythema – patchy mucositis. Accordingly, a random forest model for predicting exacerbation of mucositis was generated, which achieved a high predictive accuracy (AUC) of 0.89. Interpretation Oral microbiota changes correlate with the progression and aggravation of radiotherapy-induced mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Microbiota-based strategies can be used for the early prediction and prevention of the incidence of severe mucositis during radiotherapy. The oral microbiota of NPC patients are different to that of healthy persons. The biodiversity of oral microbiota changed significantly as mucositis progressed during radiotherapy. Oral microbiota represents a potential strategy for predicting the aggravation of severe mucositis during radiotherapy.
Oral or oropharyngeal mucositis is the most common side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. In this prospective cohort study, we found that changes in an oral microbial community correlated with the progression and aggravation of radiotherapy-induced mucositis in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma; and patients who eventually developed severe mucositis transiently harbored a notably higher proportion of Actinobacillus during a mild phase of mucositis, which may potentially play a role in the aggravation of severe mucosal lesions. Moreover, our findings also showed that microbiota-based strategies can be used for the early prediction of the incidence of severe mucositis during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Lan Chao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hua-Fang Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hai-Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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136
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Yong SK, Ha TC, Yeo MCR, Gaborieau V, McKay JD, Wee J. Associations of lifestyle and diet with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Singapore: a case-control study. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:3. [PMID: 28063457 PMCID: PMC5219694 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of NPC in the Singaporean population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study in Singapore with 300 patients and 310 controls who were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Each control was selected and individually matched to each patient based on sex, ethnicity, and age (±5 years). A total of 290 pairs of cases and controls were matched successfully. We examined lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, various salted and preserved food consumption, and weaning practices. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis showed that those participants who were current smokers and had ever smoked tobacco had a higher risk of NPC than participants who had never smoked, with odds ratios (ORs) of 4.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58-7.86; P < 0.001) and 2.52 (95% CI 1.54-4.12; P < 0.001), respectively. Those who consumed salted vegetables at least once a week also showed a significantly increased risk of NPC than those who never or rarely consumed salted vegetables, with an OR of 4.18 (95% CI 1.69-10.38; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Smoking (currently and ever-smoked) and consuming salted vegetables once a week or more were lifestyle risk factors for NPC, and changes of these factors for the better may reduce the risk of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Kwin Yong
- Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Tam Cam Ha
- Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
- Medical Education, Research & Evaluation Department (MERE), Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Ming Chert Richard Yeo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Valerie Gaborieau
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - James D. McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Joseph Wee
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
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Li HM, Li P, Qian YJ, Wu X, Xie L, Wang F, Zhang H, Liu L. A retrospective paired study: efficacy and toxicity of nimotuzumab versus cisplatin concurrent with radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:946. [PMID: 27955638 PMCID: PMC5154088 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare efficacy and toxicity of nimotuzumab versus cisplatin (CDDP) concurrent with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with NPC from September 2008 to November 2013. The synchronous regimens included h-R3/RT (nimotuzumab and radiotherapy) one time per week for 6-8 weeks and CDDP/RT (cisplatin and radiotherapy) every three weeks for 2-3 cycles. All patients in our analysis completed the planned IMRT and received TPF (docetaxel + cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil) neoadjuvant chemotherapy for two cycles. RESULTS Among the 302 NPC patients who were treated definitively with TPF neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by IMRT concurrent with nimotuzumab or cisplatin at West China Hospital Sichuan University, 52 patients received h-R3/RT with complete clinical and follow-up data. Based on age, sex and tumor stage, 104 eligible patients were propensity-matched, with 52 patients in each treatment group (h-R3/RT and CDDP/RT). With a median follow-up of 50 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates for the h-R3/RT vs. CDDP/RT treatment groups were 63.9% vs. 81.4% (p = 0.024) and 58.0% vs. 80.6% (p = 0.028), respectively. The h-R3/RT patients experienced less leukopenia and milder nausea and vomiting. In our sub-analysis, for stage II patients, no significant differences were found in OS and PFS, whereas milder nausea and vomiting were found in the h-R3/RT group (p = 0.046). Moreover, for patients older than 60 years, there were no statistically significant differences in OS and PFS, whereas milder nausea and vomiting was observed in the h-R3/RT group (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Although CDDP/RT remains the preferred choice for most patients with NPC, h-R3/RT may be a treatment option for the patients with stage II, older than sixty years old, and who are intolerable to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Y J Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - X Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - L Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - F Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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138
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Jiang X, Feng L, Dai B, Li L, Lu W. Identification of key genes involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 83:670-676. [PMID: 27765529 PMCID: PMC9449222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common cancer originating from the nasopharynx. Objective To study the mechanisms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we analyzed GSE12452 microarray data. Methods GSE12452 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and included 31 nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples and 10 normal nasopharyngeal tissue samples. The differentially expressed genes were screened by ANOVA in the PGS package. Using the BiNGO plugin in Cytoscape and pathway enrichment analysis in the PGS package, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed separately to predict potential functions of the differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, Transcription factor-differentially expressed gene pairs were searched, and then the transcription factor-differentially expressed gene regulatory network was visualized using Cytoscape software. Results A total of 487 genes were screened as differentially expressed genes between the nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples and the normal nasopharyngeal tissue samples. Enrichment analysis indicated that PTGS2 was involved in the regulation of biological process and small cell lung cancer. ZIC2 and OVOL1 may function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through targeting significantly up-regulated genes (such as PTGS2, FN1, CXCL9 and CXCL10) in the Transcription factor-differentially expressed gene regulatory network (e.g., ZIC2→PTGS2 and OVOL1→CXCL10). Conclusion PTGS2, FN1, CXCL9, CXCL10, ZIC2 and OVOL1 might play roles in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Lichun Feng
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Baoqiang Dai
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Liping Li
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou, Hebei, China.
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139
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Lee YY, Chao TB, Sheu MJ, Tian YF, Chen TJ, Lee SW, He HL, Chang IW, Hsing CH, Lin CY, Li CF. Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 Overexpression as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2016; 7:1716-1723. [PMID: 27698909 PMCID: PMC5039393 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) which serves as a rate-limiting enzyme involving in the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), exists in the GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Little is known about the relevance of GAD1 to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Through data mining on a data set derived from a published transcriptome database, this study first identified GAD1 as a differentially upregulated gene in NPC. We aimed to evaluate GAD1 expression and its prognostic effect on patients with early and locoregionally advanced NPC. Methods: We evaluated GAD1 immunohistochemistry and performed an H-score analysis on biopsy specimens from 124 patients with nonmetastasized NPC receiving treatment. GAD1 overexpression was defined as an H score higher than the median value. The findings of such an analysis are correlated with clinicopathological behaviors and survival rates, namely disease-specific survival (DSS), distant-metastasis-free survival (DMeFS), and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates. Results: GAD1 overexpression was significantly associated with an increase in the primary tumor status (p < 0.001) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages III-IV (p = 0.002) and was a univariate predictor of adverse outcomes of DSS (p = 0.002), DMeFS (p < 0.0001), and LRFS (p = 0.001). In the multivariate comparison, in addition to advanced AJCC stages III-IV, GAD1 overexpression remained an independent prognosticator of short DSS (p = 0.004, hazard ratio = 2.234), DMeFS (p < 0.001, hazard ratio = 4.218), and LRFS (p = 0.013, hazard ratio = 2.441) rates. Conclusions: Our data reveal that GAD1 overexpression was correlated with advanced disease status and may thus be a critical prognostic indicator of poor outcomes in NPC and a potential therapeutic target to facilitate the development of effective treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Bo Chao
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Sheu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan;; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Wei Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wei Chang
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yih Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan;; Department of Leisure, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan;; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan;; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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140
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Tataru D, Mak V, Simo R, Davies E, Gallagher J. Trends in the epidemiology of head and neck cancer in London. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 42:104-114. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Tataru
- National Cancer Intelligence Network; Public Health England; London UK
| | - V. Mak
- National Cancer Intelligence Network; Public Health England; London UK
| | - R. Simo
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital; Head & Neck Cancer Centre; Guy's Hospital; London Uk
| | - E.A. Davies
- National Cancer Intelligence Network; Public Health England; London UK
- Cancer Epidemiology; Population and Global Health; London UK
| | - J.E. Gallagher
- National Cancer Intelligence Network; Public Health England; London UK
- Population and Patient Health; King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's; King's & St Thomas's Hospitals; London UK
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141
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Li F, Duan F, Zhao X, Song C, Cui S, Dai L. Red Meat and Processed Meat Consumption and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk: A Dose-response Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1034-43. [PMID: 27367552 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1192200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clarify and quantify the potential dose-response association between the intake of total red and total processed meat and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese databases (CNKI and Wanfang). The summary relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated. A total of 15 independent studies with 12,735 subjects were identified. Compared with the low-rank intake, the summary RR of NPC was 1.35 (95%CI, 1.21-1.51) for total red meat and 1.46 (95%CI, 1.34-1.64) for total processed meat. For the moderate-rank intake, the summary RR of NPC was 1.54 (95%CI, 1.36-1.79) for total red meat and 1.59 (95%CI, 1.3-1.90) for total processed meat. The summary RR for high-rank intake was 1.71 (95%CI, 1.14-2.55) for total red meat and 2.11 (95%CI, 1.31-3.42) for total processed meat. The combined estimates showed obvious evidence of statistically significant association between total red and total processed meat consumption dose and risk of NPC (Ptrend< 0.01). In conclusion, our data suggest that a high intake of total red or total processed meat is associated with a significantly increased risk of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqin Li
- a Department of Hospital Infection Management , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan , China
| | - Fujiao Duan
- b Department of Nosocomial Infection Management , Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Xia Zhao
- a Department of Hospital Infection Management , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan , China
| | - Chunhua Song
- c Department of Epidemiology , College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan , China.,d Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou, Henan , China
| | - Shuli Cui
- e College of Professional Study, Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Liping Dai
- c Department of Epidemiology , College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan , China.,d Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou, Henan , China
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142
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Liu M, Zhu K, Qian X, Li W. Identification of miRNA/mRNA-Negative Regulation Pairs in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2215-34. [PMID: 27350400 PMCID: PMC4928598 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy in South-East Asia. NPC is characterized by distant metastasis and poor prognosis. The pathophysiological mechanism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is unknown. This study aimed to identify the crucial miRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their target genes, and to discover the potential mechanism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma development. Material/Methods Microarray expression profiling of miRNA and mRNA from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was downloaded, and we performed a significance analysis of differential expression. An interaction network of miRNAs and target genes was constructed. The underlying function of differentially expressed genes was predicted through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. To validate the microarray analysis data, significantly different expression levels of miRNAs and target genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results We identified 27 differentially expressed miRNAs and 982 differentially expressed mRNAs between NPC and normal control tissues. 12 miRNAs and 547 mRNAs were up-regulated and 15 miRNAs and 435 mRNAs were down-regulated in NPC samples. We found a total of 1185 negative correlation pairs between miRNA and mRNA. Differentially expressed target genes were significantly enriched in pathways in cancer, cell cycle, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathways. Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs and genes, such as hsa-miR-205, hsa-miR-18b, hsa-miR-632, hsa-miR-130a, hsa-miR-34b, PIGR, SMPD3, CD22, DTX4, and CDC6, may play essential roles in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Conclusions hsa-miR-205, hsa-miR-18b, hsa-miR-632, hsa-miR-130a, and hsa-miR-34b may be related to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating the genes involved in pathways in cancer and cell cycle signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Kangru Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xinmei Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Wu YT, Yen SL, Li CF, Chan TC, Chen TJ, Lee SW, He HL, Chang IW, Hsing CH, Shiue YL. Overexpression of Transient Receptor Protein Cation Channel Subfamily A Member 1, Confers an Independent Prognostic Indicator in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2016; 7:1181-8. [PMID: 27390592 PMCID: PMC4934025 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Detection of oncogenes provides chances to understand tumor development and progression. Transient receptor protein cation channel subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) transcript was significantly upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with a stepwise upregulation from low- to high-stage NPCs from a preliminary data analysis in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The TRPA1 gene is a member of the TRP channel family, encoding integral membrane proteins that functions as cation channels. Loss of calcium homeostasis takes place in cancer cells. Methods: Immunostaining of TRPA1 was analyzed on 124 biopsies from NPC patients retrospectively. The H-score method was used to evaluate the immunoexpression of TRPA1. The correlations between H-score of TRPA1 protein level and clinicopathological factors, as well as the significances of TRPA1 protein level for disease-specific, distal-metastasis-free and local recurrence-free survivals were assessed. Results: These patients were characterized to be no initial metastasis and medicated with the traditional procedure. The TRPA1 score was found to be associated with clinicopathological parameters and patient survivals. Along with the guideline of 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, we found that TRPA1 upregulation (50%) was associated with advanced primary tumor (P = 0.009) and overall clinical stage (P = 0.019). In univariate log-rank testing, primary tumor, nodal status, stage and TRPA1 protein level significantly contributed to worse disease-specific survival, distal metastasis-free survival and local recurrence-free survival. In multivariate analysis, high TRPA1 protein level and tumor stage emerged as independent prognostic indicators for inferior disease-specific survival (P = 0.014; P = 0.003), distal metastasis-free survival (P = 0.004; P = 0.034) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.017; P = 0.015). Conclusions: The upregulation of TRPA1 protein level is frequently correlated to unfavorable prognosticators and gives rise to cancer progression in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ting Wu
- 1. Departments of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; 2. Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Lun Yen
- 1. Departments of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- 3. Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan;; 4. National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan;; 5. Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan;; 6. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Chun Chan
- 3. Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- 3. Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Wei Lee
- 7. Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- 8. Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; 9. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wei Chang
- 8. Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Hsing
- 10. Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- 9. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; 11. Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;; 12. Doctoral degree program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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144
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Geng XT, Hu YH, Dong T, Wang RZ. Associations of Human Leukocyte Antigen-DRB1 Alleles with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Clinical Significance in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:1347-54. [PMID: 27231174 PMCID: PMC4894047 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.182833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic susceptibility is one of the major etiological factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Among the genetic predisposing factors, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have been reported to be associated with NPC. This study aimed to investigate the associations of HLA-DRB1 alleles with NPC and the clinical significance of HLA-DRB1 alleles in NPC. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2013, 140 NPC patients (118 Han patients and 22 Uyghur patients) and 158 healthy controls (81 Han individuals and 77 Uyghur individuals) from Xinjiang Province were genotyped for HLA-DRB1 using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer technique. Chi-square analysis was used when comparing allele frequencies between groups. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. Results: Compared with healthy controls, the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*0701 was increased in the Uyghur patients (P = 0.008) but not in the Han patients (P = 0.869). HLA-DRB1*0101 allele was presented with higher frequency in clinical Stage I + II group compared with clinical Stage III + IV group in the Han patients (P = 0.015) but not in the Uyghur patients (P = 1.000). Higher frequency of HLA-DRB1*1501 allele was observed in patients aged <45 years compared with those in patients aged ≥45 years (P = 0.002). Neither HLA-DRB1*0701 nor HLA-DRB1*0101 had a statistically significant association with 3-year survival. Conclusions: This study found HLA-DRB1*0701 in Uyghur population was associated with an increased risk of developing NPC. In Han population, we found HLA-DRB1*0101 was associated with protection from disease progression, and HLA-DRB1*1501 was associated with early age of onset. HLA-DRB1 could not be identified as a prognostic indicator for NPC in either Han or Uyghur patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Yun-Hui Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ruo-Zheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
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145
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Lourembam DS, Singh AR, Sharma TD, Singh TS, Singh TR, Singh LS. Evaluation of Risk Factors for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in a High-risk Area of India, the Northeastern Region. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4927-35. [PMID: 26163617 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Northeastern India is a major nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) high risk-area although the rest of the country has very low incidence. A case-control study of 105 NPC cases and 115 controls was conducted to identify the potential risk factors for NPC development in this region. Information was collected by interviewer about socio-demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary history, occupational history, and a family history of cancer. Epstein-Barr viral load was assayed from the blood DNA by real time PCR. Associations between GSTs genotypes, cytochrome P450 family including CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and CYP2A6 polymorphisms and susceptibility to relationship between the diseases were studied using PCR-RFLP assay. Results indicate that Epstein-Barr virus load was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p<0.0001). Furthermore, concentration of blood EBV-DNA was significantly higher in advanced stage disease (Stage III and IV) than in early stage disease (Stage I and II) (p<0.05). Presence of CYP2A6 variants that reduced the enzyme activity was significantly less frequent in cases than controls. Smoked meat consumption, exposure to smoke, living in poorly ventilated house and alcohol consumption were associated with NPC development among the population of Northeastern India. Thus, overall our study revealed that EBV viral load and genetic polymorphism of CYP2A6 along with living practices which include smoked meat consumption, exposure to smoke, living in poorly ventilated houses and alcohol consumption are the potential risk factors of NPC in north eastern region of India. Understanding of the risk factors and their role in the etiology of NPC are helpful forpreventive measures and screening.
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146
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Douik H, Romdhane NA, Guemira F. Are HLA-E*0103 alleles predictive markers for nasopharyngeal cancer risk? Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:345-9. [PMID: 26896927 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a particular entity of head neck cancer, tightly related to Epstein-Barr virus infection and thus to HLA genes. In this study, we aimed to analyze HLA-E polymorphism in NPC advent and prognosis. 130 unrelated patients with CNP and 180 unrelated and healthy controls were included in our study. HLA-E genotyping was performed by PCR/RFLP method; SPSS (13.0) was used for statistical analysis, and survival curbs were established with the "Kaplan-Meier" method (Log Rank<0.05). RESULTS We found a significant difference within HLA-E*103 variants between patients and controls: E*1031 and E*1032 were associated with CNP (OR=1.613, p=0.013 and OR=1.0809, p=0.055), and E*1033 with controls (OR=0.254, p<10(-4)). CONCLUSION Our study reveals that HLA-E polymorphism is associated with nasopharyngeal cancer. HLA-E expression studies could be used to understand the implication of E*103 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayet Douik
- Clinical Biology Department, Salah Azaiz Institute of Cancer, 1006 Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Neila Attia Romdhane
- Statistic and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 1007, Djebel Lakhdar, La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fethi Guemira
- Clinical Biology Department, Salah Azaiz Institute of Cancer, 1006 Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
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147
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Riley CA, Marino MJ, Hawkey N, Lawlor CM, McCoul ED. Sinonasal Tract Inflammation as a Precursor to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 154:810-6. [PMID: 26908557 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816629436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammation has been described as a precursor to the development of malignancy in several disease states. However, the relationship of sinonasal tract inflammation to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains poorly defined. DATA SOURCES Systematic review of primary studies identified through PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane. METHODS REVIEW Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were queried for English-language studies published between 1980 and 2015. Studies were excluded that did not provide quantitative data on sinonasal tract inflammation such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic rhinitis (AR), or human papillomavirus (HPV) status and NPC. An itemized assessment of the risk of bias was conducted for each included study. RESULTS Of the 325 studies identified during systematic review, 5 met the criteria for analysis. The level of evidence of those studies was generally low. There was an increased risk of NPC in patients with a previous diagnosis of CRS or AR. Meta-analysis demonstrated an odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.35 (2.00-2.76) for all studies. Subgroup analysis of patients with sinonasal inflammation had an odds ratio of 2.39 (95% CI, 2.20-2.60). Patients with AR had an odds ratio of 2.29 (95% CI, 2.06-2.54), while those with CRS had an odds ratio of 2.70 (95% CI, 1.98-3.70). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests an association between previous sinonasal inflammatory disease and subsequent NPC. Prospective studies are needed to further examine this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Riley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael J Marino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nathan Hawkey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Claire M Lawlor
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Edward D McCoul
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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148
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Wided BAH, Hamouda B, Hamadi H, Mansour BA. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence in North Tunisia: negative trends in adults but not adolescents, 1994-2006. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2653-7. [PMID: 25854341 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the second most common neoplasm of head and neck in Tunisia. The distribution is bimodal with a first period occurrence between 15 and 20 years old and a second peak at around 50 years of age. Undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharynx type III (UCNT) is the predominant histological type (93.4%). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia confirmed that it is an intermediate risk area for NPC with overall ASRs of 3.6 and 1.6/100,000 respectively in males and females. This study aimed to present the evolution of incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma over a period of 12 years (1994-2006). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia (NTCR), covering half of the Tunisian population, were used to determine evolution of NPC incidence, calculated by 5 year periods. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. To best summarize the behavior or the data trend across years, we used a join-point regression program. Between 1994 and 2006, we observed negative annual average change of standardized incidence in men and women (-3.3% and -2.7%) also for the standardized incidences which showed a rather important decline (26.4% in males and 22.3% in females). The truncated age standardized incidence rate of NPC in adults aged of 30 years old and more (N=1209) decreased by -0.4% per year from 1994 to 2006 over time in north Tunisia dropping from 6.09 to 4.14 person-years. However, the rate was relatively stable during this period among youths aged 0-29 years (N=233) in both sexes. NPC demonstrated a favorable evolution from 1994-2006 probably due to a improvement in socioeconomic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ayoub Hizem Wided
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Salah Azaiez Institute of Oncology Cancer Registry North of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia E-mail :
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149
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Tsai CT, Ho MW, Lin D, Chen HJ, Muo CH, Tseng CH, Su WC, Lin MC, Kao CH. Association of Head and Neck Cancers in Chronic Osteomyelitis: A National Retrospective Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2407. [PMID: 26817870 PMCID: PMC4998244 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of study is to determine whether chronic osteomyelitis (COM) is linked to an increased risk of head and neck cancer (HNC).We identify 17,033 patients with osteomyelitis and 68,125 subjects without osteomyelitis during 1996 to 2010 periods. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to measure the hazard ratio (HR) of head and neck cancer for the osteomyelitis cohort compared with the comparison cohort.A total of 99 patients in the COM and 228 patients in the comparison cohort developed HNC during an average 5.12 years of follow-up period. The incidence rate of HNC in the COM cohort was 1.51-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.95) higher than that in the comparison cohort after adjusting gender, age, urbanization level, monthly income, and comorbidities. In subgroup analysis, younger (less than 45 years-old) and patients without comorbidities have greater risks (adjusted HR: 2.29 [95% CI:1.43-3.66] and 1.74 [95% CI:1.28-2.38] respectively).This study results suggested the association between COM and HNC, particularly in younger population and patients without comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ta Tsai
- From the Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital (C-TT, M-WH); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University (C-TT, W-CS, C-HK); Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital (DL, H-JC, C-HM); School of Medicine, China Medical University (H-JC, C-HM); Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital (C-HT); School of Medicine, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung (C-HT); Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung (M-CL); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (C-HK)
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150
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Lam JO, Lim WY, Chow KY, D’Souza G. Incidence, Trends and Ethnic Differences of Oropharyngeal, Anal and Cervical Cancers: Singapore, 1968-2012. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146185. [PMID: 26720001 PMCID: PMC4705110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, several Western countries have reported an increase in oropharyngeal and anal cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Trends in HPV-associated cancers in Asia have not been as well described. We describe the epidemiology of potentially HPV-related cancers reported to the Singapore Cancer Registry from 1968-2012. Analysis included 998 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), 183 anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) and 8,019 invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases. Additionally, 368 anal non-squamous cell carcinoma (ANSCC) and 2,018 non-oropharyngeal head and neck carcinoma (non-OP HNC) cases were included as comparators. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were determined by gender and ethnicity (Chinese, Malay and Indian). Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate annual percentage change (APC) in incidence. OPSCC incidence increased in both genders (men 1993-2012, APC = 1.9%, p<0.001; women 1968-2012, APC = 2.0%, p = 0.01) and was 5 times higher in men than women. In contrast, non-OP HNC incidence declined between 1968-2012 among men (APC = -1.6%, p<0.001) and women (APC = -0.4%, p = 0.06). ASCC and ANSCC were rare (ASR = 0.2 and 0.7 per 100,000 person-years, respectively) and did not change significantly over time except for increasing ANSCCs in men (APC = 2.8%, p<0.001). ICC was the most common HPV-associated cancer (ASR = 19.9 per 100,000 person-years) but declined significantly between 1968-2012 (APC = -2.4%). Incidence of each cancer varied across ethnicities. Similar to trends in Western countries, OPSCC incidence increased in recent years, while non-OP HNC decreased. ICC remains the most common HPV-related cancer in Singapore, but Pap screening programs have led to consistently decreasing incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O. Lam
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Wei-Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khuan-Yew Chow
- National Registry of Diseases Office, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gypsyamber D’Souza
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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