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Luo J, Cai L, Qi S, Wu J, Gu XWS. Improvement effects of cytokinin on EDTA assisted phytoremediation and the associated environmental risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:386-393. [PMID: 28709043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil samples containing excess Cd (0.82 mg kg-1), Pb (92.7 mg kg-1) and Cu (72.7 mg kg-1) relative to their corresponding safe thresholds (0.3, 80 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively) from a notorious e-waste disposing and recycling place in southern China were phytoremediated with EDTA addition to evaluate the promotion effects of cytokinin on the remediation efficiency of Eucalyptus globulus. Biomass production of the plant, evapotranspiration amount of the soil, metals accumulation in plant organs and the volume of leachate under various treatments were compared. Relative to the planting control, EDTA application shortened the time required for Cd, Pb and Cu decontamination by 1.7-5.5 times but led to significantly more leachate (996 vs 1256 mL), indicating the negative influence of the chelate treatment on the species and the surrounding environment. The foliar application of cytokinin can expand the advantage and alleviate the adverse impact of individual EDTA application simultaneously as manifested by the increased biomass yield, less time consumption for purification and decreased leachate volume. Cytokinin accelerated the transpiration rate of the plant proved by the least volume of leachate in individual cytokinin treatment. The major factors for effective phytoremediation were the resistance of species to high concentrations of contaminants and less environmental risks generation during the remediation processes. Therefore, synergistic use of such components provides more efficient decontamination of metals and more security for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Limei Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - X W Sophie Gu
- The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
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Chen P, Li J, Wang HY, Zheng RL, Sun GX. Evaluation of bioaugmentation and biostimulation on arsenic remediation in soil through biovolatilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21739-21749. [PMID: 28766144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) removal through microbially driven biovolatilization can be explored as a potential method for As bioremediation. However, its effectiveness needs to be improved. Biostimulation with organic matter amendment and bioaugmentation with the inoculation of genetic engineered bacteria could be potential strategies for As removal and site remediation. Here, the experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of rice straw and biochar amendment, inoculation of genetic engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (GE P. putida) with high As volatilization activity, on microbial mediated As volatilization and removal from three different arseniferous soils. In general, the addition of rice straw (5%) significantly enhanced As methylation and volatilization in comparison with corresponding non-amended soils. Biochar amendments and inoculation of the GE P. putida increased As methylation and volatilization, respectively, but less than that of rice straw addition. The effectiveness of As volatilizations are quite different in the various paddy soils. The combined amendments of rice straw and GE P. putida exhibited the highest As removal efficiency (483.2 μg/kg/year) in Dayu soil, with 1.2% volatilization of the total As annually. The highest water-soluble As concentration (0.73 mg/kg) in this soil could be responsible for highest As volatilization besides the rice straw and bacteria in this soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Lun Zheng
- Research and Development Center for Grasses and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
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103
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Ibrahim M, Li G, Khan S, Chi Q, Xu Y, Zhu Y. Biochars mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements and arsenic speciation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19524-19534. [PMID: 28681292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic and natural activities can lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions and discharge of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into soil environment. Biochar amendment to soils is a cost-effective technology and sustainable approach used to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, improve phytoremediation, and minimize the health risks associated with consumption of PTE-contaminated vegetables. Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of peanut shell biochar (PNB) and sewage sludge biochar (SSB) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, plant growth, PTE bioaccumulation, and arsenic (As) speciation in bean plants. Results indicated that amendments of PNB and SSB increased plant biomass production by increasing soil fertility and reducing bioavailability of PTEs. Addition of biochars also increased soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) but decreased available concentrations of PTEs such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and As. The concentration of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) was also decreased in biochar-amended soils. In addition, PNB and SSB amendments significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the bioaccumulation of chromium (Cr), As, Cd, Pb, and nickel (Ni) in stalks, leaves, and fruits of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Similarly, PNB and SSB amendments significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced inorganic As species like arsenite (As (III)) and arsenate (As (V)). Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced but nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions first increased and then decreased amended with both biochars. Current findings demonstrate that SSB and PNB are two beneficial soil amendments simultaneous mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and PTE bioaccumulation as well as arsenic speciation in P. vulgaris L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observatory and Monitoring Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315830, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sardar Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observatory and Monitoring Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315830, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Qiaoqiao Chi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observatory and Monitoring Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315830, People's Republic of China
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104
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Li Y, Pang HD, He LY, Wang Q, Sheng XF. Cd immobilization and reduced tissue Cd accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa wuyun-23) in the presence of heavy metal-resistant bacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:56-63. [PMID: 28011421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two metal-resistant Bacillus megaterium H3 and Neorhizobium huautlense T1-17 were investigated for their immobilization of Cd in solution and tissue Cd accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa wuyun-23) in the Cd-contaminated soil. Strains H3 and T1-17 decreased 79-96% of water-soluble Cd in solution and increased grain biomass in the high Cd-contaminated soil. Inoculation with H3 and T1-17 significantly decreased the root (ranging from 25% to 58%), above-ground tissue (ranging from 13% to 34%), and polished rice (ranging from 45% to 72%) Cd contents as well as Cd bioconcentration factor of the rice compared to the controls. Furthermore, H3 and T1-17 significantly reduced the exchangeable Cd content of the rhizosphere soils compared with the controls. Notably, strain T1-17 had significantly higher ability to reduce Cd bioconcentration factor and polished rice Cd uptake than strain H3. The results demonstrated that H3 and T1-17 decreased the tissue (especially polished rice) Cd uptake by decreasing Cd availability in soil and Cd bioconcentration factor and the effect on the reduced polished rice Cd uptake was dependent on the strains. The results may provide an effective synergistic bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soils in the bacteria and rice plants and bacterial-assisted safe production of rice in Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Dong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia-Fang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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105
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Seneviratne M, Weerasundara L, Ok YS, Rinklebe J, Vithanage M. Phytotoxicity attenuation in Vigna radiata under heavy metal stress at the presence of biochar and N fixing bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 186:293-300. [PMID: 27527669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the effect of N-fixing bacteria and biochar synergism on plant growth and development of Vigna mungo under heavy metal stress (HM). Heavy metal stress is a worldwide problem, which causes critical effects on plant life due to oxidative stress. Application of biochar is a recent biological remediation technique, which often leads to an immobilization of heavy metals in soil. . Synergism of bacteria and biochar is a novel aspect to enhance plant growth under heavy metal stress. Woody biochar a byproduct of a dendro power industry was added as 1, 2.5 and 5% amounts combination with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, where mung seedlings were planted in serpentine soil rich in Ni, Mn, Cr and Co. Pot experiments were conducted for 12 weeks. The plant height, heavy metal uptake by plants, soil bioavailable heavy metal contents, soil N and P and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were measured. The plant growth was enhanced with biochar amendment but a retardation was observed with high biochar application (5%). The soil N and P increased with the increase of biochar addition percentage while soil MBC showed reductions at 5% biochar amendment. Both soil bioavailable fractions of HM and up take of HMs by plants were gradually reduced with increase in biochar content. Based on the results, 2.5% biochar synergism with bacteria was the best for plant growth and soil nutrition status. Despite the synergism, available N was negatively correlated with the decrease of bioavailable metal percentage in soil whereas it was conversely for P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiri Seneviratne
- Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka; Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Lakshika Weerasundara
- Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling Research Group, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
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106
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Wang N, Xue XM, Juhasz AL, Chang ZZ, Li HB. Biochar increases arsenic release from an anaerobic paddy soil due to enhanced microbial reduction of iron and arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:514-522. [PMID: 27720546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that biochar enhances microbial reduction of iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide under anaerobic incubation. However, there is a lack of data on its influence on arsenic (As) release from As-contaminated paddy soils. In this study, paddy soil slurries (120 mg As kg-1) were incubated under anaerobic conditions for 60 days with and without the addition of biochar (3%, w/w) prepared from rice straw at 500 °C. Arsenic release, Fe reduction, and As fractionation were determined at 1, 10, 20, 30, and 60 d, while Illumina sequencing and real-time PCR were used to characterize changes in soil microbial community structure and As transformation function genes. During the first month of incubation, As released into soil solution increased sharply from 27.9 and 55.9 to 486 and 630 μg kg-1 in unamended and biochar amended slurries, with inorganic trivalent As (AsIII) being the dominant specie (52.7-91.0% of total As). Compared to unamended slurries, biochar addition increased As and ferrous ion (Fe2+) concentrations in soil solution but decreased soil As concentration in the amorphous Fe/Al oxide fraction (F3). Difference in released As between biochar and unamended treatments (ΔAs) increased with incubation time, showing strong linear relationships (R2 = 0.23-0.33) with ΔFe2+ and ΔF3, confirming increased As release due to enhanced Fe reduction. Biochar addition increased the abundance of Fe reducing bacteria such as Clostridum (27.3% vs. 22.7%), Bacillus (3.34% vs. 2.39%), and Caloramator (4.46% vs. 3.88%). In addition, copy numbers in biochar amended slurries of respiratory As reducing (arrA) and detoxifying reducing genes (arsC) increased 19.0 and 1.70 fold, suggesting microbial reduction of pentavalent As (AsV) adsorbed on Fe oxides to AsIII, further contributing to increased As release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Laboratory for Agricultural Wastes Treatment and Recycling, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zhi-Zhou Chang
- Laboratory for Agricultural Wastes Treatment and Recycling, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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107
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Servin AD, De la Torre-Roche R, Castillo-Michel H, Pagano L, Hawthorne J, Musante C, Pignatello J, Uchimiya M, White JC. Exposure of agricultural crops to nanoparticle CeO 2 in biochar-amended soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 110:147-157. [PMID: 27288265 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is seeing increased usage as an amendment in agricultural soils but the significance of nanoscale interactions between this additive and engineered nanoparticles (ENP) remains unknown. Corn, lettuce, soybean and zucchini were grown for 28 d in two different soils (agricultural, residential) amended with 0-2000 mg engineered nanoparticle (ENP) CeO2 kg-1 and biochar (350 °C or 600 °C) at application rates of 0-5% (w/w). At harvest, plants were analyzed for biomass, Ce content, chlorophyll and lipid peroxidation. Biomass from the four species grown in residential soil varied with species and biochar type. However, biomass in the agricultural soil amended with biochar 600 °C was largely unaffected. Biochar co-exposure had minimal impact on Ce accumulation, with reduced or increased Ce content occurring at the highest (5%) biochar level. Soil-specific and biochar-specific effects on Ce accumulation were observed in the four species. For example, zucchini grown in agricultural soil with 2000 mg CeO2 kg-1 and 350 °C biochar (0.5-5%) accumulated greater Ce than the control. However, for the 600 °C biochar, the opposite effect was evident, with decreased Ce content as biochar increased. A principal component analysis showed that biochar type accounted for 56-99% of the variance in chlorophyll and lipid peroxidation across the plants. SEM and μ-XRF showed Ce association with specific biochar and soil components, while μ-XANES analysis confirmed that after 28 d in soil, the Ce remained largely as CeO2. The current study demonstrates that biochar synthesis conditions significantly impact interactions with ENP, with subsequent effects on particle fate and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia D Servin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Roberto De la Torre-Roche
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | | | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States; Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Joseph Hawthorne
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Craig Musante
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Joseph Pignatello
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | | | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
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108
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Yang K, Jeong S, Jho EH, Nam K. Effect of biogeochemical interactions on bioaccessibility of arsenic in soils of a former smelter site in Republic of Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:1347-1354. [PMID: 26769492 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The total concentration-based regulations for soil remediation do not consider the possible changes in bioaccessibility of remaining arsenic (As) in soils due to biogeochemical interactions after remediation. This study used As-contaminated soil and pore water samples that were collected from the rice paddy and forest/farmland located in the vicinity of a former smelter site in Republic of Korea to elucidate the changes in As bioaccessibility due to biogeochemical interactions. Bioaccessibility and chemical forms of As in soils were determined by using an in vitro method and sequential extraction, respectively, and soil microbial community was evaluated. Bioaccessibility of As in the rice paddy soil samples was higher than that in the forest/farmland soil samples. This could be attributed to relatively higher dependence of bioaccessible As in the rice paddy soils on the soil concentration of iron (Fe), aluminum, or manganese, which could lead to greater changes in bioaccessible As via reductive dissolution. The strong linear relationship (R 2 = 0.90, p value ≤0.001) between the pore water As and Fe concentrations, and the greater portion of bacterial species related to reductive dissolution of Fe oxides in the rice paddies can support the higher As bioaccessibility promoted by reductive dissolution. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the potential changes in the bioaccessible As due to biogeochemical interactions in remediation of As-contaminated soils, particularly when soils are likely to be reused under reductive dissolution-promoting conditions (e.g., flooded conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Jeong
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea University, 6-7 Inchon-ro 22 gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-075, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hea Jho
- Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81 Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungphile Nam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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109
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Fresno T, Moreno-Jiménez E, Peñalosa JM. Assessing the combination of iron sulfate and organic materials as amendment for an arsenic and copper contaminated soil. A chemical and ecotoxicological approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:539-546. [PMID: 27681110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of combining iron sulfate and organic amendments (paper mill sludge, olive mill waste compost and olive tree pruning biochar) for the remediation of an As- and Cu-contaminated soil was evaluated. Changes in As and Cu fractionation and solubility due to the application of the amendments was explored by leachate analysis, single and sequential extractions. Also, the effects on Arrhenatherum elatius growth, germination of Lactuca sativa and toxicity to the bacteria Vibrio fischeri were assessed. The combination of iron sulfate and the organic amendments efficiently reduced As solubility and availability through the formation of amorphous iron oxides, while organic matter did not seem to mobilize As. At the same time, copper fractionation was strongly affected by soil pH and organic matter addition. The soil pH significantly influenced both As and Cu mobility. Within all the amendments tested, FeSO4 in combination with compost showed to be the most suitable treatment for the overall remediation process, as it reduced As and Cu availability andenhanced soil nutrient concentrations and plant growth. In sipte of contradictory trends between chemical analyses and ecotoxicity tests, we can still conclude that the application of organic amendments in combination with reactive iron salts is a suitable approach for the remediation of soils contaminated by Cu and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fresno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Peñalosa
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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110
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Kuttner BG, Thomas SC. Interactive effects of biochar and an organic dust suppressant for revegetation and erosion control with herbaceous seed mixtures and willow cuttings. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben G. Kuttner
- Faculty of Forestry; University of Toronto; 33 Willcocks Street Toronto M5S 3B3 Canada
| | - Sean C. Thomas
- Faculty of Forestry; University of Toronto; 33 Willcocks Street Toronto M5S 3B3 Canada
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111
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Chen XW, Wong JTF, Ng CWW, Wong MH. Feasibility of biochar application on a landfill final cover-a review on balancing ecology and shallow slope stability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7111-7125. [PMID: 26452652 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing concerns on global warming, scarce land for agriculture, and contamination impacts on human health, biochar application is being considered as one of the possible measures for carbon sequestration, promoting higher crop yield and contamination remediation. Significant amount of researches focusing on these three aspects have been conducted during recent years. Biochar as a soil amendment is effective in promoting plant performance and sustainability, by enhancing nutrient bioavailability, contaminants immobilization, and microbial activities. The features of biochar in changing soil physical and biochemical properties are essential in affecting the sustainability of an ecosystem. Most studies showed positive results and considered biochar application as an effective and promising measure for above-mentioned interests. Bio-engineered man-made filled slope and landfill slope increasingly draw the attention of geologists and geotechnical engineers. With increasing number of filled slopes, sustainability, low maintenance, and stability are the major concerns. Biochar as a soil amendment changes the key factors and parameters in ecology (plant development, soil microbial community, nutrient/contaminant cycling, etc.) and slope engineering (soil weight, internal friction angle and cohesion, etc.). This paper reviews the studies on the production, physical and biochemical properties of biochar and suggests the potential areas requiring study in balancing ecology and man-made filled slope and landfill cover engineering. Biochar-amended soil should be considered as a new type of soil in terms of soil mechanics. Biochar performance depends on soil and biochar type which imposes challenges to generalize the research outcomes. Aging process and ecotoxicity studies of biochar are strongly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Wen Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James Tsz-Fung Wong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charles Wang-Wai Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Office B3-2/F-33, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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112
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Ibrahim M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Abbas T, Ok YS. Mechanisms of biochar-mediated alleviation of toxicity of trace elements in plants: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2230-48. [PMID: 26531712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) contamination is one of the main abiotic stresses which limit plant growth and deteriorate the food quality by their entry into food chain. In recent, biochar (BC) soil amendment has been widely reported for the reduction of TE(s) uptake and toxicity in plants. This review summarizes the role of BC in enhancing TE(s) tolerance in plants. Under TE(s) stress, BC application increased plant growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, grain yield, and quality. The key mechanisms evoked are immobilization of TE(s) in the soil, increase in soil pH, alteration of TE(s) redox state in the soil, and improvement in soil physical and biological properties under TE(s) stress. However, these mechanisms vary with plant species, genotypes, growth conditions, duration of stress imposed, BC type, and preparation methods. This review highlights the potential for improving plant resistance to TE(s) stress by BC application and provides a theoretical basis for application of BC in TE(s) contaminated soils worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
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113
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Kuppusamy S, Thavamani P, Megharaj M, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R. Agronomic and remedial benefits and risks of applying biochar to soil: Current knowledge and future research directions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 87:1-12. [PMID: 26638014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
'Biochar' represents an emerging technology that is increasingly being recognized for its potential role in carbon sequestration, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, waste management, renewable energy, soil improvement, crop productivity enhancement and environmental remediation. Published reviews have so far focused mainly on the above listed agronomic and environmental benefits of applying biochar, yet paid little or no attention to its harmful effects on the ecological system. This review highlights a balanced overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the pyrolysis process of biochar production, end-product quality and the benefits versus drawbacks of biochar on: (a) soil geochemistry and albedo, (b) microflora and fauna, (c) agrochemicals, (d) greenhouse gas efflux, (e) nutrients, (f) crop yield, and (g) contaminants (organic and inorganic). Future research should focus more on the unintended long-term consequences of biochar on biological organisms and their processes in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Kuppusamy
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA 5106, Australia
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA 5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA 5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA 5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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114
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Chen D, Guo H, Li R, Li L, Pan G, Chang A, Joseph S. Low uptake affinity cultivars with biochar to tackle Cd-tainted rice--A field study over four rice seasons in Hunan, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1489-1498. [PMID: 26490528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is becoming an environmentally friendly material for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils and improving food safety. A field trial over four rice seasons was conducted to investigate the use of biochar and low Cd accumulating cultivars on Cd uptake in a heavy metal contaminated soil. Wheat straw derived biochar was applied at 0, 20 and 40 t ha(-1). Two rice cultivars with differing Cd accumulation abilities were selected in each season. The results showed that both biochar and low Cd affinity cultivars significantly reduced rice grain Cd accumulation. Biochar had no significant effect the first season but thereafter consistently reduced rice grain Cd by a maximum of 61, 86 and 57% over the next three seasons. Zn accumulation in the rice grains was not decreased by biochar application, although available soil Zn was sharply reduced (35-91%). Indica conventional rice cultivars had much lower Cd, but higher Zn and lower Cd/Zn ratios in the grain than indica hybrid cultivars. Biochar was more effective for mitigating grain Cd accumulation in low Cd affinity cultivars than in high affinity cultivars. Soil pH was sustainably increased (up to nearly 1 unit) while available Cd significantly decreased by a maximum of 85% after biochar addition. The translocation of Cd from rice roots to shoots was reduced from 20 to 80% by biochar. Low uptake affinity cultivars combined with biochar reduced late rice grain Cd concentration and Cd/Zn ratios by 69-80% and 72-80%, respectively. It indicated that the management of combining biochar and low Cd affinity cultivars should be an efficient way to remediate Cd contaminated rice paddies and reduce health risk associated with consuming rice from these soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Chen
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hu Guo
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruiyue Li
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Stephen Joseph
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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115
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Rees F, Sterckeman T, Morel JL. Root development of non-accumulating and hyperaccumulating plants in metal-contaminated soils amended with biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 142:48-55. [PMID: 25912633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar may be used as an amendment in contaminated soils in phytoremediation processes. The mechanisms controlling plant metal uptake in biochar-amended soils remain however unclear. This work aimed at evaluating the influence of biochar on root development and its consequence on plant metal uptake, for two non-hyperaccumulating plants (Zea mays and Lolium perenne) and one hyperaccumulator of Cd and Zn (Noccaea caerulescens). We conducted rhizobox experiments using one acidic and one alkaline soil contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn. Biochar was present either homogeneously in the whole soil profile or localized in specific zones. A phenomenon of root proliferation specific to biochar-amended zones was seen on the heterogeneous profiles of the acidic soil and interpreted by a decrease of soil phytotoxicity in these zones. Biochar amendments also favored root growth in the alkaline soil as a result of the lower availability of certain nutrients in the amended soil. This increase of root surface led to a higher accumulation of metals in roots of Z.mays in the acidic soil and in shoots of N. caerulescens in the alkaline soil. In conclusion, biochar can have antagonist effects on plant metal uptake by decreasing metal availability, on one hand, and by increasing root surface and inducing root proliferation, on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Rees
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, 2, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, 2, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Thibault Sterckeman
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, 2, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, 2, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Jean Louis Morel
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, 2, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, 2, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France.
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116
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Khan S, Waqas M, Ding F, Shamshad I, Arp HPH, Li G. The influence of various biochars on the bioaccessibility and bioaccumulation of PAHs and potentially toxic elements to turnips (Brassica rapa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:243-253. [PMID: 26188867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of amending a contaminated soil with different dry-pyrolyzed biochars on the bioaccessibility and biouptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and potentially toxic elements (PTE) in turnip (Brassica rapa L.,) was investigated. This is the first study to examine the influence of biochar amendments on turnips grown in a contaminated soil. The biochars came from different local feedstocks, including sewage sludge biochar (SSBC), soybean straw biochar (SBBC), rice straw biochar (RSBC) and peanut shell biochar (PNBC). The biochars were applied to soil at 2% and 5% amendments, and the resulting influence on various soil and porewater properties were quantified. The bioaccessible concentrations of PAHs in soil and their bioaccumulation in B. rapa L. significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the biochar amended soils. Biochar additions significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the bioaccumulation of PTEs (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in B. rapa L, though not as much as for PAHs. The most effective biochar at reducing both PAHs and PTEs was PNBC (P ≤ 0.05). Amendments of 5% biochar were more effective at reducing contaminant bioaccessibility than amendments at 2% (P < 0.05). Crop yield, however, increased the most for the 2% biochar amendments, in particular for SSBC (with a 49% increase in crop yield compared to the non-amended soil). Therefore, which biochar would be the most advantageous in this system would require a cost-benefit analysis between increasing crop yield (best achieved with 2% SSBC amendments) and decreasing the PAH and PTE uptake (best achieved with 5% PNBC amendments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Khan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Fenghua Ding
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Isha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hans Peter H Arp
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo NO-0806, Norway
| | - Gang Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315830, China.
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117
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Puga AP, Abreu CA, Melo LCA, Beesley L. Biochar application to a contaminated soil reduces the availability and plant uptake of zinc, lead and cadmium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 159:86-93. [PMID: 26048395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in soil are naturally occurring but may be enhanced by anthropogenic activities such as mining. Bio-accumulation of heavy metals in the food chain, following their uptake to plants can increase the ecotoxicological risks associated with remediation of contaminated soils using plants. In the current experiment sugar cane straw-derived biochar (BC), produced at 700 °C, was applied to a heavy metal contaminated mine soil at 1.5%, 3.0% and 5.0% (w/w). Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and Mucuna aterrima were grown in pots containing soil and biochar mixtures, and control pots without biochar. Pore water was sampled from each pot to confirm the effects of biochar on metal solubility, whilst soils were analyzed by DTPA extraction to confirm available metal concentrations. Leaves were sampled for SEM analysis to detect possible morphological and anatomical changes. The application of BC decreased the available concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in 56, 50 and 54% respectively, in the mine contaminated soil leading to a consistent reduction in the concentration of Zn in the pore water (1st collect: 99 to 39 μg L(-1), 2nd: 97 to 57 μg L(-1) and 3rd: 71 to 12 μg L(-1)). The application of BC reduced the uptake of Cd, Pb and Zn by plants with the jack bean translocating high proportions of metals (especially Cd) to shoots. Metals were also taken up by Mucuna aterrima but translocation to shoot was more limited than for jack bean. There were no differences in the internal structures of leaves observed by scanning electron microscopy. This study indicates that biochar application during mine soil remediation reduce plant concentrations of potential toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Puga
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Avenida Barão de Itapura 1481, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil.
| | - C A Abreu
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Avenida Barão de Itapura 1481, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil.
| | - L C A Melo
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - L Beesley
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB158QH, UK.
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118
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Waqas M, Li G, Khan S, Shamshad I, Reid BJ, Qamar Z, Chao C. Application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and potentially toxic elements (PTE) accumulation in tomato. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12114-12123. [PMID: 25877899 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sewage sludge (SS) and its derived biochar (SSBC) on the availability and uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and potential toxic elements (PTEs) by Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruits grown in contaminated urban soil were investigated. Increasing application rates of SS and SSBC (2, 5, and 10%) decreased PAH availability and, correspondingly, PAH accumulation (22-39 and 48-62%, respectively) into tomato. SSBC was more effective in this regard. The available concentrations of PAHs (Σ16PAH) in the SSBC treatments were significantly reduced (from 30.0-47.3%) as compared to the control treatment. The availability of high-molecular-weight PAHs (containing four to six benzene rings) was greatly affected, while low-molecular-weight PAHs (containing two to three benzene rings) was less affected by SSBC amendments. The addition of SSBC showed the least effect on bioaccumulation of naphthalene (two-ring PAH; 24.5-32.6%), while the highest effect was observed for benzo(b)fluoranthene (five-ring PAH; 3.1-86.8%) and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (six-ring PAH; 51.8-84.2%). In contrast, increasing application rates of SS successively increased PTE (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) availability and accumulation (15-139%) into tomato while SSBC successively decreased PTE availability and accumulation (17-91%). Changes in accumulation varied with PTE and the extent to which PTE concentrations in soil was elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, CAS, Xiamen, China
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119
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Kloss S, Zehetner F, Buecker J, Oburger E, Wenzel WW, Enders A, Lehmann J, Soja G. Trace element biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system of a temperate agricultural soil amended with different biochars. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4513-4526. [PMID: 25315931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Various biochar (BC) types have been investigated as soil amendment; however, information on their effects on trace element (TE) biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system is still scarce. In the present study, we determined aqua-regia (AR) and water-extractable TEs of four BC types (woodchips (WC), wheat straw (WS), vineyard pruning (VP), pyrolyzed at 525 °C, of which VP was also pyrolyzed at 400 °C) and studied their effects on TE concentrations in leachates and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) tissue in a greenhouse pot experiment. We used an acidic, sandy agricultural soil and a BC application rate of 3% (w/w). Our results show that contents and extractability of TEs in the BCs and effectuated changes of TE biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system strongly varied among the different BC types. High AR-digestable Cu was found in VP and high B contents in WC. WS had the highest impact on TEs in leachates showing increased concentrations of As, Cd, Mo, and Se, whereas WC application resulted in enhanced leaching of B. All BC types increased Mo and decreased Cu concentrations in the plant tissue; however, they showed diverging effects on Cu in the leachates with decreased concentrations for WC and WS, but increased concentrations for both VPs. Our results demonstrate that BCs may release TEs into the soil-water-plant system. A BC-induced liming effect in acidic soils may lead to decreased plant uptake of cationic TEs, including Pb and Cd, but may enhance the mobility of anionic TEs like Mo and As. We also found that BCs with high salt contents (e.g., straw-based BCs) may lead to increased mobility of both anionic and cationic TEs in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kloss
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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120
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Brennan A, Moreno Jiménez E, Alburquerque JA, Knapp CW, Switzer C. Effects of biochar and activated carbon amendment on maize growth and the uptake and measured availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 193:79-87. [PMID: 25014015 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of investigating the effects of carbonaceous sorbent amendment on plant health and end point contaminant bioavailability, plant experiments were set up to grow maize (Zea mays) in soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. Maize and pine derived biochars, as well as a commercial grade activated carbon, were used as amendments. Plant growth characteristics, such as chlorophyll content and shoot to root biomass, improved with sorbent amendment to varying extents and contaminant uptake to shoots was consistently reduced in amended soils. By further defining the conditions in which sorbent amended soils successfully reduce contaminant bioavailability and improve plant growth, this work will inform field scale remediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Brennan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | - José A Alburquerque
- Área de Ecología, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christine Switzer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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121
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Khan S, Reid BJ, Li G, Zhu YG. Application of biochar to soil reduces cancer risk via rice consumption: a case study in Miaoqian village, Longyan, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 68:154-61. [PMID: 24727070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of rice contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a major pathway for human exposure to PTEs. This is particularly true in China's so called "Cancer Villages". In this study, sewage sludge biochar (SSBC) was applied to soil (at 5% and 10%) to suppress PTE phytoavailability and as a consequence to reduce PTE levels in rice grown in mining impacted paddy soils. Risk assessment indicated that SSBC addition (10%) markedly (P≤0.05) decreased the daily intake, associated with the consumption of rice, of PTEs (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn by: 68, 42, 55, 29, 43, 38 and 22%, respectively). In treatments containing SSBC (10%) the health quotient (HQ) indices for PTEs (except for As, Cu and Mn) were <1, indicating that SSBC suppressed the health risk associated with PTEs in rice. The addition of SSBC (10%) markedly (P≤0.01) reduced AsIII (72%), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) (74%) and AsV (62%) concentrations in rice. Consequentially, following SSBC application (10%), the incremental lifetime cancer (ILTR) value for iAs (AsIII+AsV) associated with the consumption of rice was significantly (P≤0.01) reduced by 66%. These findings suggest that SSBC could be a useful soil amendment to mitigating PTE exposure, through rice consumption, in China's "Cancer Villages".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Khan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Brian J Reid
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Gang Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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122
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Kloss S, Zehetner F, Oburger E, Buecker J, Kitzler B, Wenzel WW, Wimmer B, Soja G. Trace element concentrations in leachates and mustard plant tissue (Sinapis alba L.) after biochar application to temperate soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:498-508. [PMID: 24631613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application to agricultural soils has been increasingly promoted worldwide. However, this may be accompanied by unexpected side effects in terms of trace element (TE) behavior. We used a greenhouse pot experiment to study the influence of woodchip-derived biochar (wcBC) on leaching and plant concentration of various TEs (Al, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, As, B, Mo, Se). Three different agricultural soils from Austria (Planosol, Cambisol, Chernozem) were treated with wcBC at application rates of 1 and 3% (w/w) and subsequently planted with mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Soil samples were taken 0 and 7 months after the start of the pot experiment, and leachate water was collected twice (days 0 and 54). The extractability (with NH4NO3) of cationic TEs was decreased in the (acidic) Planosol and Cambisol after wcBC application, whereas in the (neutral) Chernozem it hardly changed. In contrast, anionic TEs were mobilized in all three soils, which resulted in higher anion concentrations in the leachates. The application of wcBC had no effect on Al and Pb in the mustard plants, but increased their B and Mo concentrations and decreased their Cd, Cu and Mn concentrations. A two-way analysis of variance showed significant interactions between wcBC application rate and soil type for most TEs, which indicates that different soil types may react differently upon wcBC application. Correlation and partial correlation analyses revealed that TE behavior was primarily related to soil pH, whereas the involvement of other factors such as electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC) content and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was found to be more soil and TE-specific. The application of wcBC may be a useful strategy for the remediation of soils with elevated levels of cationic TEs, but could lead to deficiencies of cationic micronutrients and enhance short-term translocation of anionic TEs towards the groundwater at high leaching rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kloss
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Health and Environment, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Franz Zehetner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva Oburger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Jannis Buecker
- Water Management in Mining Landscapes, Dresden Groundwater Research Center, Meraner Str. 10, 01217 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Barbara Kitzler
- Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter W Wenzel
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Wimmer
- Department of Health and Environment, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Department of Health and Environment, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Lucchini P, Quilliam RS, Deluca TH, Vamerali T, Jones DL. Increased bioavailability of metals in two contrasting agricultural soils treated with waste wood-derived biochar and ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3230-40. [PMID: 24217969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recycled waste wood is being increasingly used for energy production; however, organic and metal contaminants in by-products produced from the combustion/pyrolysis residue may pose a significant environmental risk if they are disposed of to land. Here we conducted a study to evaluate if highly polluted biochar (from pyrolysis) and ash (from incineration) derived from Cu-based preservative-treated wood led to different metal (e.g., Cu, As, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn) bioavailability and accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In a pot experiment, biochar at a common rate of 2 % w/w, corresponding to ∼50 t ha(-1), and an equivalent pre-combustion dose of wood ash (0.2 % w/w) were added to a Eutric Cambisol (pH 6.02) and a Haplic Podzol (pH 4.95), respectively. Both amendments initially raised soil pH, although this effect was relatively short-term, with pH returning close to the unamended control within about 7 weeks. The addition of both amendments resulted in an exceedance of soil Cu statutory limit, together with a significant increase of Cu and plant nutrient (e.g., K) bioavailability. The metal-sorbing capacity of the biochar, and the temporary increase in soil pH caused by adding the ash and biochar were insufficient to offset the amount of free metal released into solution. Sunflower plants were negatively affected by the addition of metal-treated wood-derived biochar and led to elevated concentration of metals in plant tissue, and reduced above- and below-ground biomass, while sunflower did not grow at all in the Haplic Podzol. Biochar and ash derived from wood treated with Cu-based preservatives can lead to extremely high Cu concentrations in soil and negatively affect plant growth. Identifying sources of contaminated wood in waste stream feedstocks is crucial before large-scale application of biochar or wood ash to soil is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lucchini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Thangarajan R, Kumpiene J, Park J, Makino T, Kirkham MB, Scheckel K. Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils--to mobilize or to immobilize? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 266:141-66. [PMID: 24394669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 901] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Unlike organic contaminants, metal(loid)s do not undergo microbial or chemical degradation and persist for a long time after their introduction. Bioavailability of metal(loid)s plays a vital role in the remediation of contaminated soils. In this review, the remediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils through manipulating their bioavailability using a range of soil amendments will be presented. Mobilizing amendments such as chelating and desorbing agents increase the bioavailability and mobility of metal(loid)s. Immobilizing amendments such of precipitating agents and sorbent materials decrease the bioavailabilty and mobility of metal(loid)s. Mobilizing agents can be used to enhance the removal of heavy metal(loid)s though plant uptake and soil washing. Immobilizing agents can be used to reduce the transfer to metal(loid)s to food chain via plant uptake and leaching to groundwater. One of the major limitations of mobilizing technique is susceptibility to leaching of the mobilized heavy metal(loid)s in the absence of active plant uptake. Similarly, in the case of the immobilization technique the long-term stability of the immobilized heavy metal(loid)s needs to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthi Bolan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Anitha Kunhikrishnan
- Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Thangarajan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jurate Kumpiene
- Waste Science and Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-97187, Sweden
| | - Jinhee Park
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Tomoyuki Makino
- Soil Environmental Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mary Beth Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kirk Scheckel
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
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Fang Q, Chen B, Lin Y, Guan Y. Aromatic and hydrophobic surfaces of wood-derived biochar enhance perchlorate adsorption via hydrogen bonding to oxygen-containing organic groups. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 48:279-88. [PMID: 24289306 DOI: 10.1021/es403711y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The pH-dependent adsorption of perchlorate (ClO4(-)) by wood-derived biochars produced at 200-700 °C (referred as FB200-FB700) was investigated to probe the anion retention mechanisms of biochars and to identify the interactions of water and biochar. ClO4(-) adsorption was controlled by the surface polarities and structural compositions of the organic components of biochars, rather than their inorganic mineral components. FB500-FB700 biochars with low polarity and high aromaticity displayed a superior ClO4(-) adsorption capacity, but which was affected by solution pH. Besides electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding to oxygen-containing groups on biochars was proposed the dominant force for perchlorate adsorption, which led to the maximum adsorption occurring near pHIEP, where surface charge equals zero. The dissociation of these surface oxygen-containing groups was monitored by zeta potential curves, which indicated that the H-bonds donors on biochar surface for ClO4(-) binding were changed from -COOH (ClO4(-)···HOOC-) and -OH (ClO4(-)···HO-) to -OH alone with an increase in pH. The H-bond force was strengthened by the condensed aromatic surfaces, since high temperature biochars provided a hydrophobic microenvironment to accommodate weakly hydrated perchlorate and facilitated the H-bonds for ClO4(-) binding to functional groups by the large π subunit of their aromatic substrate. Lastly, the batch and column tests of ClO4(-) adsorption showed that biochars like FB700 are effective adsorbents for anion pollutant removal via H-bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qile Fang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Abstract
The objective of the study was the determination of the characteristics and the potential of remediation As polluted soil of three different biochars and straws. Results showed that biochar has better properties and microstructure for heavy metals remediation. Short-term incubation remediation experiments showed that biochars could decreased biological toxicity and mobility of As.
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