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Sustainable Approach and Safe Use of Biochar and Its Possible Consequences. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biochar is considered as a potential substitute for soil organic matter (SOM). Considering the importance of biochar, the present review is based on the different benefits and potential risks of the application of biochar to the soil. Biochar addition to low organic carbon soils can act as a feasible solution to keep soil biologically active for the cycling of different nutrients. The application of biochar could improve soil fertility, increase crop yield, enhance plant growth and microbial abundance, and immobilize different contaminants in the soil. It could also be helpful in carbon sequestration and the return of carbon stock back to the soil in partially combusted form. Due to the large surface area of biochar, which generally depends upon the types of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, it helps to reduce the leaching of fertilizers from the soil and supplies additional nutrients to growing crops. However, biochar may have some adverse effects due to emissions during the pyrolysis process, but it exerts a positive priming effect (a phenomenon in which subjection to one stimulus positively influences subsequent stimulus) on SOM decomposition, depletion of nutrients (macro- and micro-) via strong adsorption, and impact on soil physicochemical properties. In view of the above importance and limitations, all possible issues related to biochar application should be considered. The review presents extensive detailed information on the sustainable approach for the environmental use of biochar and its limitations.
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102
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Biochars and Engineered Biochars for Water and Soil Remediation: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biochars (BCs) are considered as ecofriendly and multifunctional materials with significant potential for remediation of contaminated water and soils, while engineered biochars (E-BCs) with enlarged surface areas and abundant surface functional groups can perform even better in environmental remediation. This review systematically summarizes the key physical and chemical properties of BCs that affect their pollutant sorption capacities, major methods employed for modification of E-BCs, the performance of BCs/E-BCs in removing major types of organic (e.g., antibiotics and pesticides) and inorganic pollutants (e.g., heavy metals), and the corresponding removal mechanisms. The physical and chemical properties of BCs—such as ash or mineral contents, aromaticity, surface structures, pH, and surface functional groups (e.g., C=O, -COOH, -OH, and -NH2)—depend primarily on their feedstock sources (i.e., plant, sludge, or fecal) and the pyrolysis temperature. Ion exchange, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and complexation are the main mechanisms involved in the adsorption of inorganic pollutants on BCs/E-BCs, whereas hydrogen bonding, pore filling, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces are the major driving forces for the uptake of organic pollutants. Despite their significant promises, more pilot and field scale investigations are necessary to demonstrate the practical applicability and viability of BCs/E-BCs in water and soil remediation.
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103
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Dike CC, Shahsavari E, Surapaneni A, Shah K, Ball AS. Can biochar be an effective and reliable biostimulating agent for the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106553. [PMID: 33872955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons represent one of the most common soil contaminants, whose presence poses a significant risk to soil biota and human health; for example, in Europe, hydrocarbon contamination accounts for more than 30% of contaminated sites. The use of biochar as a proposed alternative to the conventional remediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons has gained credence in recent times because of its cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly nature. Biochar is a carbonaceous material produced by heating biomass in an oxygen-limited environment at high temperature. This review provides an overview of the application of biochar to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, with emphasis on the possibility of biochar functioning as a biostimulation agent. The properties of biochar were also examined. Furthermore, the mechanism, ecotoxicological impact and possible factors affecting biochar-based remediation are discussed. The review concludes by examining the drawbacks of biochar use in the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and how to mitigate them. Biochar impacts soil microbes, which may result in the promotion of the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil. Linear regression between bacterial population and degradation efficiency showed that R2 was higher (0.50) and significant in treatment amended with biochar or both biochar and nutrient/fertiliser (p < 0.01), compared to treatment with nutrient/fertiliser only or no amendment (R2 = 0.11). This suggest that one of the key impacts of biochar is enhancing microbial biomass and thus the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Biochar represents a promising biostimulation agent for the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. However, there remains key questions to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Chinyere Dike
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Esmaeil Shahsavari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Aravind Surapaneni
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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104
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Shan A, Kang KJ, Xu H, Wu L, Lu M, Lin Q, Pan M, Wang G, He Z, Yang X. Cadmium accumulation in rice straws and derived biochars as affected by metal exposure, soil types and rice genotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:600-609. [PMID: 34388062 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1959516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Straw residues, as one of the conservation farming practices, are being strongly encouraged in China, including some cadmium-polluted areas. Nowadays, a portion of this plant residue is promoted to be removed for reducing excess metal(loid) in the soil and to be used for bioenergy production. Nevertheless, the possible influences of contaminated straw or the burial of its derived biochars on Cd accumulation in soil and data based on health risk assessment associated with different status and extent of soil contamination were relatively unknown. Thus it is important to provide a more systematical understanding of contaminated straw burial at specific contamination zones, which may provide useful guidance for straw utilization. In this study, we harvested two genotypes of rice straw from 6 contaminated levels among three soil types to comprehensively study the total Cd contents in straws and its derived biochars and correlate the sets of straw characteristics and Cd contents in three different contamination zones. The total Cd concentration in straws grew at a steady rate relatively with increasing soil Cd contamination levels, compared to those in biochars which performed more fluctuate due to the strong burning. According to correlational analyses, three-way ANOVA showed that the moisture, ash, volatile and fixed carbon were all significantly affected by straw CdTotal contents (p < 0.001). Such relationships were attributed to guide straw removal portions for gasification. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation between straw Cd concentration and soil types (p < 0.001), confirming that it might be worth determining soil remediation by straw removal according to site-specific farmland conditions. This work will help to assess efforts toward predicting Cd concentration in the paddy soils related to kinds of contamination status and would also give useful guidance to make sustainable management strategies for crop straws in polluted regions.Novelty statement This work provided data on how much rice straw is needed to remove to ensure the minimal amount to control soil contamination and reduce costs according to site-specific conditions and soil Cd contamination status. It also explains the correlations between straw characteristics related to bioenergy use and soil conditions which would give guidance to balance using crop straw for increased bioenergy production and the need to also protect, preserve, and enhance soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kyong Ju Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huozhong Xu
- Technical Extension Station of Soil Fertilizer and Rural Energy, Lishui, China
| | - Lintu Wu
- Technical Extension Station of Soil Fertilizer and Rural Energy, Lishui, China
| | - Min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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105
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Zhang X, Liu Y. Circular economy-driven ammonium recovery from municipal wastewater: State of the art, challenges and solutions forward. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125231. [PMID: 33962161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In current biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes, most of ammonium in municipal wastewater is biologically transformed to nitrogen gas, making ammonium recovery impossible. Thus, this article aims to provide a holistic review with in-depth discussions on (i) current BNR processes for municipal wastewater treatment, (ii) environmental and economic costs behind ammonium in municipal wastewater, (iii) state of the art of ammonium recovery from municipal wastewater including anaerobic membrane bioreactor turning municipal wastewater to a liquid fertilizer, capturing ammonium in phototrophic biomass, waste activated sludge for land application, bioelectrochemical systems, biological conversion of ammonium to nitrous oxide as a fuel oxidizer, and adsorption, (iv) feasibility and challenge of adsorption for ammonium recovery from municipal wastewater and (v) innovative municipal wastewater reclamation processes coupled with ammonium recovery. Moving forward, municipal wastewater reclamation and resource recovery should be addressed under the framework of circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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106
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Ribeiro PG, Souza JMP, Rodrigues M, Ribeiro ICA, de Carvalho TS, Lopes G, Li YC, Guilherme LRG. Hydrothermally-altered feldspar as an environmentally-friendly technology to promote heavy metals immobilization: Batch studies and application in smelting-affected soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 291:112711. [PMID: 33964625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermally-altered feldspar (HydroPotash, HYP) possesses, among other physicochemical properties, high pH buffering and cation exchange capacity. Therefore, it may potentially remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions and immobilize these metals in contaminated soil. This study aimed to evaluate the capabilities of two types of HydroPotash (HYP-1 and HYP-2) and a zeolite sample (a commercial adsorbent) for immobilizing cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) from both aqueous solution and contaminated soils from a Zn-smelting area (classified as soilhigh, soilintermediate, and soillow based on their level of soluble metal concentration). Sorption studies in natural suspension pH showed that HYPs removed 63.8-99.9% Zn, 20.6-40.7% Cd, and 68.4-99.7% Pb from aqueous solution. In the batch test with controlled pH (at pH 5.5), HYPs sorbed more Cd than zeolite. Analyses of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy after desorption showed the presence of Pb at HYP-2, indicating that this metal was effectively adsorbed. In soilhigh HYPs immobilized 99.9% of Zn, Cd, and Pb after one week of soil incubation with these products. The HYPs immobilization effect persisted up to 84 days of soil incubation with these products. The increased soil pH promoted by HYPs appears to be the main factor controlling metal sorption. In conclusion, HydroPotash can be used as an adsorbent/amendment to effectively immobilize heavy metals in both water and contaminated soils by precipitation and adsorption. Our findings indicate the high potential of this material for Cd, Zn, and Pb stabilization, which is of great relevance when recovering areas affected by mining/smelting activities with multi-element contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Godinho Ribeiro
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jean Michel Pereira Souza
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rodrigues
- APT - Advanced Potash Technologies Ltd., 89 Nexus Way, Grand Cayman, KY1-9007, Cayman Islands
| | - Ivan Célio Andrade Ribeiro
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Teotonio Soares de Carvalho
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lopes
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Yuncong C Li
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
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107
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Zhang JY, Zhou H, Zeng P, Wang SL, Yang WJ, Huang F, Huo Y, Yu SN, Gu JF, Liao BH. Nano-Fe 3O 4-modified biochar promotes the formation of iron plaque and cadmium immobilization in rice root. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130212. [PMID: 33740654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice as a paddy field crops, iron-containing materials application could induce its iron plaque formation, thereby affecting cadmium (Cd) transportation in the rhizosphere and its uptake in root. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three exogenous iron materials, namely nano-Fe3O4-modified biochar (BC-Fe), chelated iron (EDTA-Fe), and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), on the iron plaque formation on the surface of rice root, and to investigate the effects of formed iron plaque on the absorption, migration, and transportation of Cd and Fe in rice plant. The results showed that yellow-brown and brown iron plaque was formed on surface cells of the Fe-treated rice root, and some black particles were embedded in the iron plaque formed by BC-Fe. The proportion of crystallized iron plaque (31.8%-35.9%) formed by BC-Fe was much higher than that formed by EDTA-Fe and FeSO4. The Cd concentrations in the crystallized iron plaque formed by BC-Fe were 7.64-13.0 mg·kg-1, and increased with the increasing of Fe concentrations in the plaque. The Cd translocation factor from root to stem (TFr-s) and the Cd translocation factor from stem to leaf (TFs-l) with BC-Fe treatment decreased by 84.7% and 80.0%, respectively. The results demonstrated that application BC-Fe promoted the formation of iron plaque and enhanced the sequestration of Cd and Fe in roots, thus reduced the transportation and accumulation of Cd in aerial rice tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Control of Rice Quality and Safety, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Control of Rice Quality and Safety, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Shi-Long Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Yang Huo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Shu-Ning Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Jiao-Feng Gu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Control of Rice Quality and Safety, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Bo-Han Liao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Control of Rice Quality and Safety, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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108
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Yang M, Yang R, Li Y, Pan Y, Sun J, Zhang Z. Effects of different biomass materials as a salt-isolation layer on water and salt migration in coastal saline soil. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11766. [PMID: 34277156 PMCID: PMC8272462 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find a material suited for the prevention of evaporative water loss and salt accumulation in coastal saline soils. One-dimensional vertical water infiltration and phreatic evaporation experiments were conducted using a silty loam saline soil. A 3-cm-thick layer of corn straw, biochar, and peat was buried at the soil depth of 20 cm, and a 6-cm-thick layer of peat was also buried at the same soil depth for comparison. The presence of the biochar layer increased the upper soil water content, but its ability to inhibit salt accumulation was poor, leading to a high salt concentration in the surface soil. The 3-cm-thick straw and 6-cm-thick peat layers were most effective to inhibit salt accumulation, which reduced the upper soil salt concentration by 96% and 93%, respectively. However, the straw layer strongly inhibited phreatic evaporation and resulted in low water content in the upper soil layer. Compared with the straw layer, the peat layer increased the upper soil water content. Thus, burying a 6-cm-thick peat layer in the coastal saline soil is the optimal strategy to retain water in the upper soil layer and intercept salt in the deeper soil layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Runya Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yanni Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yinghua Pan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Junna Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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109
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Azadi N, Raiesi F. Salinity-induced changes in cadmium availability affect soil microbial and biochemical functions: Mitigating role of biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129924. [PMID: 33979930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar may improve soil microbial and biochemical functions under abiotic stresses. In this research, we studied changes in soil microbial properties and processes after sugarcane bagasse biochar (SCB) application (1% w/w) to a soil contaminated with Cd under saline conditions during an incubation experiment. SCB produced at 400 °C (B400) and 600 °C (B600) increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 89-127% and dissolved organic carbon content by 21-70%. NaCl salinity mobilized Cd by 16-19%, while biochar immobilized Cd by 14-18%, indicating the use of biochar would offset the increase in Cd availability induced by salinity. SCB application improved microbial and biochemical functions (up to 280%) in the soils contaminated with Cd under salinity stress. B400 biochar was often more effective in improving the soil microbial properties and functioning than B600 biochar. SCB application reduced the detrimental effects of salinity-induced Cd toxicity on soil microbial community and enzyme activity mainly through retaining Cd and supplying C substrate for microbial uptake and activity. The factor analysis and redundancy analysis results also confirmed that SOC and Cd availability was the most important factors and accounted for a large portion of the variation in soil microbial properties and enzyme activities in saline Cd-contaminated soils amended with SCB. This study indicated that B400 applied at 1% could be used in saline Cd-contaminated soils to protect the soil microbial communities from Cd toxicity, and to mitigate the potential stresses associated with the co-occurrence of Cd contamination and salinity on critical soil microbial and biochemical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Azadi
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Fayez Raiesi
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Audette Y, Congreves KA, Schneider K, Zaro GC, Nunes ALP, Zhang H, Voroney RP. The effect of agroecosystem management on the distribution of C functional groups in soil organic matter: A review. BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS 2021; 57:881-894. [PMID: 34759437 PMCID: PMC8570350 DOI: 10.1007/s00374-021-01580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To improve soil health and to aid in climate change mitigation, the quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) should be maintained or increased over the long run. In doing so, not only the total quantity of SOC but also the stability of SOC must be considered. Stability of SOC increases as a function of resistance to microbial decomposition or microbial substrate use efficiency through chemical, biological, and physical mechanisms including humification, hydrophobic moieties, molecular diversity, and formation of macroaggregates. One of the mechanisms that enhance stability confers changes in the distribution of C functional groups of SOM. To better understand and quantify how these changes are influenced by agricultural management practices, we collected 670 pairwise data from the body of literature that has evaluated changes in the distribution of C functional groups of SOM measured by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. The types of agricultural managements discussed herein include (1) fertilization, (2) tillage, (3) crop rotation, (4) grazing, and (5) liming practices. Our meta-analyses show that these practices modify the distribution of C functional groups of SOM. Fertilization practices were associated with increased O-alkyl groups. Tillage resulted in increases in the SOC consisted of aromatic and carbonyl groups. Crop rotations, especially legume-based rotations, were found to increase the proportion of aromatic groups. Although there are fewer publications on tillage and crop rotation than on fertilization practices, the distribution of C functional groups may be more influenced by crop rotation and tillage practices than fertilization management-and should be a focus of future research. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00374-021-01580-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Audette
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Katelyn A. Congreves
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Kimberley Schneider
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Geovanna C. Zaro
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Amanda L. P. Nunes
- Department of Agronomy, University Pitagoras Unopar, Arapongas, PR Brazil
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Canada
| | - R. Paul Voroney
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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111
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Yılmaz C, Güzel F. Performance of wild plants-derived biochar in the remediation of water contaminated with lead: sorption optimization, kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics and reusability studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:177-186. [PMID: 34085895 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1931025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the sorptive performance of Pb(II) from water of a novel biochar (WPC) produced by fast pyrolysis under anoxic conditions of wild plants (WP). The maximum Pb(II) sorption capacity of WPC is 50.25 mg/g under determined optimum conditions, which are solution pH 5.0, WPC dose 50 mg, contact time 180 min and solution temperature 50 °C. The sorption kinetics and isotherm data were observed to fit well with the Ho-McKay and Langmuir models, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo) calculated for the WPC-Pb(II) sorption system showed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. The Pb(II) desorption and regeneration studies of WPC with different desorbent agents was also performed. The findings in this study showed that WP can be used as an abundant precursor in the production of very low cost and eco-friendly biochar, and also that its biochar can be used as an environmentally-friendly sorbent in wastewater treatment. Novelty statementWith increasing population and developing industry in the world, agriculture and industrial wastes are increasing. These wastes create environmental and water pollution and adversely affect the health of living things. Efforts to eliminate these negativities have a negative impact on the world economy. For this purpose, various improvement methods are applied. However, the adsorption method is widely used due to its ease of application, efficiency and economic. In order to make this method more economical, many researchers have carried out researches on the preparation of low-cost adsorbents, especially from vegetable wastes.The novelty of this study is the first reporting to use wild plants as a sustainable precursor to produce a low-cost biochar using the traditional pyrolysis method and to examine its adsorption performance for Pb(II) ion removal from water. I believe that if this study is published, it will create a paradigm in environmental improvement studies on wild plants evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cumali Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Fuat Güzel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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112
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Kim J, Kim C, Park M, Hwang W, Kim M, Hyun S. Sorption of anthracene (C 14H 10) and 9-anthroic acid (C 15H 10O 2) onto biochar-amended soils as affected by field aging treatments. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129670. [PMID: 33524748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of information on how aging affects the sorption of ionizable organic compounds on biochar-amended soils. To that end, this study investigates the sorption of two hydrophobic solutes (anthracene (ANT) and 9-anthroic acid (9-ANCA)) onto biochar-amended (5%, w/w) soils as a function of aging period (0, 6, and 12 months), electrolyte (5 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM KCl), and aqueous pH. The isotherm plot of both solutes was fairly linear (r2 > 0.998) and the linear sorption coefficient (Kd, L kg-1) was obtained from this. In CaCl2 solution at pH 5, the log Kd of ANT tended to decrease (from 3.90 to 3.72) with an increasing aging period, which was attributed to clogged pore surface, whereas the differences in 9-ANCA sorption (from 2.56 to 2.51) were not significant (α = 0.05). The increased ANT sorption at acidic pH (<4) could be attributed to π-π interaction. Aqueous Ca2+ ions played an important role in 9-ANCA sorption by forming a Ca-bridge between anionic solute and negatively charged adsorbent surface, thus accounting for up to 35% of its sorption at alkaline pH (>8). The spectroscopic data and isoelectric point measurement results indicated that the number of oxygen-containing functional groups and the content of elemental oxygen were both higher in aged samples, resulting in a more polar (negatively charged) surface. The formation of surface polar groups and the associated deformation altered the adsorbent nature of the tested biochar, thereby fortifying the hydrophilic retention propensity for ionizable organic solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyang Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Park
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjae Hwang
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Ministry of Environment, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 12902, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Hyun
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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113
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Azzi ES, Karltun E, Sundberg C. Assessing the diverse environmental effects of biochar systems: An evaluation framework. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112154. [PMID: 33609929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been recognised as a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology. Unlike other CDR technologies, biochar is expected to deliver various valuable effects in e.g. agriculture, animal husbandry, industrial processes, remediation activities and waste management. The diversity of biochar side effects to CDR makes the systematic environmental assessment of biochar projects challenging, and to date, there is no common framework for evaluating them. Our aim is to bridge the methodology gap for evaluating biochar systems from a life-cycle perspective. Using life cycle theory, actual biochar projects, and reviews of biochar research, we propose a general description of biochar systems, an overview of biochar effects, and an evaluation framework for biochar effects. The evaluation framework was applied to a case study, the Stockholm Biochar Project. In the framework, biochar effects are classified according to life cycle stage and life cycle effect type; and the biochar's end-of-life and the reference situations are made explicit. Three types of effects are easily included in life cycle theory: changes in biosphere exchanges, technosphere inputs, and technosphere outputs. For other effects, analysing the cause-effect chain may be helpful. Several biochar effects in agroecosystems can be modelled as future productivity increases against a reference situation. In practice, the complexity of agroecosystems can be bypassed by using empirical models. Existing biochar life cycle studies are often limited to carbon footprint calculations and quantify a limited amount of biochar effects, mainly carbon sequestration, energy displacements and fertiliser-related emissions. The methodological development in this study can be of benefit to the biochar and CDR research communities, as well as decision-makers in biochar practice and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S Azzi
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Engineering, and Sciences (SEED), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - Erik Karltun
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Sundberg
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Engineering, and Sciences (SEED), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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Kumar A, Friedman H, Tsechansky L, Graber ER. Distinctive in-planta acclimation responses to basal growth and acute heat stress were induced in Arabidopsis by cattle manure biochar. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9875. [PMID: 33972570 PMCID: PMC8110981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In-planta mechanisms of biochar (BC)-mediated improved growth were evaluated by examining oxidative stress, metabolic, and hormonal changes of Arabidopsis wild-type plants under basal or acute heat stress (-HS/ + HS) conditions with or without BC (+ BC/-BC). The oxidative stress was evaluated by using Arabidopsis expressing redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein in the plastids (pla-roGFP2). Fresh biomass and inflorescence height were greater in + BC(‒HS) plants than in the -BC(‒HS) plants, despite similar leaf nutrient levels, photosystem II (PSII) maximal efficiencies and similar oxidative poise. Endogenous levels of jasmonic and abscisic acids were higher in the + BC(‒HS) treatment, suggesting their role in growth improvement. HS in ‒BC plants caused reductions in inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield, as well as significant oxidative stress symptoms manifested by increased lipid peroxidation, greater chloroplast redox poise (oxidized form of roGFP), increased expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes, and reduced expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene in addition to higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels. Oxidative stress symptoms were significantly reduced by BC. Results suggest that growth improvements by BC occurring under basal and HS conditions are induced by acclimation mechanisms to 'microstresses' associated with basal growth and to oxidative stress of HS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Haya Friedman
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Ludmila Tsechansky
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Ellen R Graber
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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Li X, Zhang S, Zhang M, Yu M, Chen H, Yang H, Xu Q. One-step synthesis of mixed valence FeO X nanoparticles supported on biomass activated carbon for degradation of bisphenol A by activating peroxydisulfate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124990. [PMID: 33412471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel FeOX nanoparticles supported biomass activated carbon (BAC/FeOX) composite was prepared through one-pot calcination method with FeCl3 and cherry stone powder as precursors. The carbonization of biomass, reduction of Fe3+, and FeOX anchored on carbon substrate could be achieved at the same time. Characterization with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope indicated that nanoscale FeOX distributed uniformly on carbon substrate, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high resolution TEM characterization proved that the loaded FeOX was high crystallinity of Fe3O4 and α-Fe0. Bisphenol A (BPA) was used to investigate the degradation performance of BAC/FeOX activating peroxydisulfate (PDS). The ratio of raw materials affected degradation efficiency of BPA intensively through the content, valence state, and dispersibility of FeOX nanoparticles, and the optimal material could degrade 20 mg/L BPA completely in 5 min at 0.1 g/L in the presence of 1 g/L PDS. Free radical determination and quenching experiments indicated that both SO4•- and •OH were involved in BPA degradation. The degradation pathway was proposed based on the identification of degradation intermediates. The facile synthesis method, high activation efficiency, and low-cost and environmental friendly raw materials made the BAC/FeOX-50 an alternative catalyst for organic pollution water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengxiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China.
| | - MingMing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mingwu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hou Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Huawei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
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Haider FU, Coulter JA, Cheema SA, Farooq M, Wu J, Zhang R, Shuaijie G, Liqun C. Co-application of biochar and microorganisms improves soybean performance and remediate cadmium-contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112112. [PMID: 33714140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sole biochar addition or microbial inoculation as a soil amendment helps to reduce cadmium (Cd) toxicity in polluted agricultural soils. Yet the synergistic effects of microorganisms and biochar application on Cd absorption and plant productivity remain unclear. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effect of microorganisms (Trichoderma harzianum L. and Bacillus subtilis L.), biochar (maize straw, cow manure, and poultry manure), and Cd (0, 10, and 30 ppm) on plant physiology and growth to test how biochar influences microbial growth and plant nutrient uptake, and how biochar ameliorates under Cd-stressed soil. Results showed that in comparison to non-Cd polluted soil, the highest reduction in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and intercellular CO2 were observed in Cd2 (30 ppm), which were 9.34%, 22.95%, 40.45%, 29.07%, 20.67%, and 22.55% respectively less than the control Cd0 (0 ppm). Among sole inoculation of microorganisms, highest stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and intercellular CO2 were recorded with combined inoculation of both microorganisms (M3), which were 5.92%, 7.65%, and 7.28% respectively higher than the control, and reduced the Cd concentration in soil, root, and shoot by 21.34%, 28.36%, and 20.95%, respectively, compared to the control. Similarly, co-application of microorganisms and biochar ameliorated the adverse effect of Cd in soybean as well as significantly improved plant biomass, photosynthetic activity, nutrient contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities, and minimized the production of reactive oxygen species and Cd content in plants. Soil amended with poultry manure biochar had significantly improved the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, and available potassium by 43.53%, 36.97%, 22.28%, and 4.24%, respectively, and decreased the concentration of Cd in plant root and shoot by 34.68% and 47.96%, respectively, compared to the control. These findings indicate that the combined use of microorganisms and biochar as an amendment have important synergistic effects not only on the absorption of nutrients but also on the reduction of soybean Cd intake, and improve plant physiology of soybean cultivated in Cd-polluted soils as compared to sole application of microorganisms or biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Renzhi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guo Shuaijie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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117
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Ma J, Ni X, Huang Q, Liu D, Ye Z. Effect of bamboo biochar on reducing grain cadmium content in two contrasting wheat genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17405-17416. [PMID: 33394394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the second most important food crop worldwide, which is prone to accumulate cadmium (Cd). Accumulation of Cd in wheat grains depends not only on wheat genotype, but also largely on the availability of soil Cd and its internal distribution. In this study, several experiments were used to achieve low-grain Cd content: a field trial for wheat genotype screening, a soil incubation experiment to test passivation effect of bamboo biochar on soil Cd, and a soil pot experiment to examine bamboo biochar effect on wheat grain accumulation. The results showed that of the 243 wheat cultivars tested, the variation range of grain Cd content was 0.365-1.243 mg/kg, in a field with soil Cd of 3 mg/kg. The application of bamboo biochar reduced soil Cd availability, among which 5.0% bamboo biochar treatment had the greatest effect. The content of available Cd in soil treated with 5.0% bamboo biochar decreased by 0.32 mg/kg compared with the control in a 120-day incubation experiment. Effect of bamboo biochar (0, 0.1%, 1.0%, and 5.0%) on reducing grain Cd content in two wheat genotypes (Mianyou-1 and 1279-9) was investigated. The application of bamboo biochar decreased Cd uptake by plants, while distribution of Cd in different wheat plant parts was more controlled by the plant genetic characteristics. Compared with the control, Cd content in roots, straw, and grains was decreased by 34.06% (P < 0.05), 21.57%, and 23.33%, respectively, in low-grain Cd wheat cultivar 1279-9 by 5% bamboo biochar application. Overall, the combination of low-grain Cd accumulation wheat and bamboo biochar may be a feasible strategy to lessen grain Cd accumulation in Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengqian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China.
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118
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Nandillon R, Lebrun M, Miard F, Gaillard M, Sabatier S, Morabito D, Bourgerie S. Contrasted tolerance of Agrostis capillaris metallicolous and non-metallicolous ecotypes in the context of a mining technosol amended by biochar, compost and iron sulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1457-1475. [PMID: 31673918 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal(loid) contamination of soil, resulting from the mining activities, is a major issue worldwide, due to its negative effects on the environment and health. Therefore, these contaminated soils need to be remediated. One realistic method is the assisted phytostabilization, which aims at establishing a vegetation cover on the soil that will reduce metal(loid) bioavailability and spreading through the prevention of wind erosion and water leaching. In addition, amendments are applied to improve soil conditions and ameliorate plant growth. In this goal, biochar and compost showed good results in terms of amelioration of soil fertility and reduction in lead bioavailability. However, they usually have a negative effect on arsenic. On the contrary, iron sulfate showed capacity to reduce arsenic mobility through interaction with its iron hydroxides. Finally, the choice of the appropriate plant species is crucial for the success of assisted phytostabilization. One good option is to use endemic species, adapted to the metal(loid) stress, with a fast growth and large shoot and root systems. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the effects of applying biochar, compost and iron sulfate, alone or combined, to a former mine soil on the soil properties and Agrostis capillaris growth, and (2) assess the difference between two Agrostis capillaris ecotypes, an endemic metallicolous ecotype and a non-metallicolous ecotype. Results of the mesocosm experiment showed that amendment application improved soil properties, i.e., reduced soil acidity, increased nutrient availability and lower metal(loid) stress, the best being the combination biochar-compost-iron sulfate. These ameliorations allowed a better plant growth. Finally, the metallicolous ecotype performed better in terms of growth than the non-metallicolous one and could thus be used in an assisted phytostabilization process on the former mine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Nandillon
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
- IDDEA, Environmental Consulting Engineering, 45160, Olivet, France
- ISTO, UMR 7327, BRGM, BP 36009, 45060, Orléans, France
| | - Manhattan Lebrun
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, University of Molise, 86090, Pesche, Italy
| | - Florie Miard
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Marie Gaillard
- IDDEA, Environmental Consulting Engineering, 45160, Olivet, France
| | | | - Domenico Morabito
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Sylvain Bourgerie
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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119
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Haider FU, Liqun C, Coulter JA, Cheema SA, Wu J, Zhang R, Wenjun M, Farooq M. Cadmium toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111887. [PMID: 33450535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential trace element in plants that is ubiquitous in the environment. Anthropogenic activities such as disposal of urban refuse, smelting, mining, metal manufacturing, and application of synthetic phosphate fertilizers enhance the concentration of Cd in the environment and are carcinogenic to human health. In this manuscript, we reviewed the sources of Cd contamination to the environment, soil factors affecting the Cd uptake, the dynamics of Cd in the soil rhizosphere, uptake mechanisms, translocation, and toxicity of Cd in plants. In crop plants, the toxicity of Cd reduces uptake and translocation of nutrients and water, increases oxidative damage, disrupts plant metabolism, and inhibits plant morphology and physiology. In addition, the defense mechanism in plants against Cd toxicity and potential remediation strategies, including the use of biochar, minerals nutrients, compost, organic manure, growth regulators, and hormones, and application of phytoremediation, bioremediation, and chemical methods are also highlighted in this review. This manuscript may help to determine the ecological importance of Cd stress in interdisciplinary studies and essential remediation strategies to overcome the contamination of Cd in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Renzhi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ma Wenjun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman.
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120
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Yang Y, Ye S, Zhang C, Zeng G, Tan X, Song B, Zhang P, Yang H, Li M, Chen Q. Application of biochar for the remediation of polluted sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124052. [PMID: 33039828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polluted sediments pose potential threats to environmental and human health and challenges to water management. Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through pyrolysis of biomass waste, which performs well in soil amendment, climate improvement, and water treatment. Unlike soil and aqueous solutions, sediments are both the sink and source of water pollutants. Regarding in-situ sediment remediation, biochar also shows unique advantages in removing or immobilizing inorganic and organic pollutants (OPs). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current methods of in-situ biochar amendments specific to polluted sediments. Physicochemical properties (pore structure, surface functional groups, pH and surface charge, mineral components) were influenced by the pyrolysis conditions, feedstock types, and modification of biochar. Furthermore, the remediation mechanisms and efficiency of pollutants (heavy metals [HMs] and OPs) vary with the biochar properties. Biochar influences microbial compositions and benthic organisms in sediments. Depending on the location or flow rate of polluted sediments, potential utilization methods of biochar alone or coupled with other materials are discussed. Finally, future practical challenges of biochar as a sediment amendment are addressed. This review provides an overview and outlook for sediment remediation using biochar, which will be valuable for further scientific research and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shujing Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Hailan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Meiling Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Assessment of Ecological Condition of Haplic Chernozem Calcic Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons during Application of Bioremediation Agents of Various Natures. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination disrupts ecological and agricultural soil functions. For their restoration, bioremediation agents of various natures are used (nonorganic or organic fertilizers, bacterial preparations, adsorbing agents) featuring different remediation mechanisms (adsorption or biostimulation of petroleum hydrocarbon decomposition). The objective of this research is the assessment of the ecological condition of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated Haplic Chernozem Calcic after the application of bioremediation agents of various natures. The influence of glauconite, nitroammophos, sodium humate, the bacterial preparation “Baikal EM-1”, and biochar on the intensity of petroleum hydrocarbon decomposition and the ecological condition of Haplic Chernozem Calcic was analyzed. The ecological condition of Haplic Chernozem Calcic was assessed based on the residual content of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and the following biological parameters: changes in the number of soil bacteria, activity of catalase and dehydrogenases, soil respiration (CO2 emission), germinating ability, lengths of roots and shoots, and integrated index of the biological state. The minimum concentrations of residual petroleum hydrocarbons in soil were observed after the use of biochar (44% from initial content) and glauconite (49%). The biological properties of soils were affected in different ways. Soil respiration was stimulated by 3-6-fold after adding nitroammophos. Indices for the intensity of the early growth and germination of radish in soil with glauconite, sodium humate, and biochar were increased by 37–125% (p < 0.01) compared with the reference value. After the application of biochar, sodium humate, and “Baikal EM-1”, the number of soil bacteria was 66–289% higher (p < 0.01) than the reference value. At the same time, the activities of catalase and dehydrogenases were inhibited by up to 35% in variants with bioremediation agents and petroleum hydrocarbons relative to the reference values. The maximum stimulation of the biological activity (as the integrated index of the biological state (IISB)) of Haplic Chernozem Calcic was observed after applying sodium humate and biochar, with 70 and 66% (p < 0.01) increases from the reference value, respectively. Considering the net cost of bioremediation agents, the maximum cost efficiency is achieved with “Baikal EM-1”, sodium humate, and biochar: 110, 527, and 847 USD·103/ha, respectively. After using Baikal EM-1”, sodium humate, and biochar, the ecological state of Haplic Chernozem Calcic was restored.
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Guo S, Liu X, Zhao H, Wang L, Tang J. High pyrolysis temperature biochar reduced the transport of petroleum degradation bacteria Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 in porous media. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 100:228-239. [PMID: 33279035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been widely applied for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. However, the effect of biochar on the transport of petroleum degradation bacteria has not been studied. A typical Gram-positive petroleum degradation bacteria-Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 was used to study the effect of different biochars on bacterial transport and retention. Results indicated that the addition of biochar in sand was effective for reducing the transport of bacteria and poplar sawdust biochar (PSBC) had a stronger hinder effect than corn straw biochar (CSBC). The hindrance was more evident with pyrolysis temperature of biochar raised from 300°C to 600°C, which was attributed to the increase of specific surface area (309 times). The hindrance effect also enhanced with higher application rate of biochar. Furthermore, the reduction of HRJ4 transport was more obvious in higher (25 mmol/L) concentration of NaCl solution owing to electrostatic attraction enhancement. The adsorption of biochar to HRJ4 was defined to contribute to the hindrance of HRJ4 transport mainly. Combining the influence of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on HRJ4 transport, it suggested that specific surface area had the greatest effect on HRJ4 transport, and pore-filling, electrostatic force also contributed to HRJ4 retained in quartz sand column. At last, phenol transportation experiment indicated that the restriction of biochar on HRJ4 enhanced the phenol removal rate in the column. This study provides a theoretical basis for the interaction of biochar and bacteria, which is vital for the remediation of oil-contaminated soil and groundwater in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. E-mail: .
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. E-mail:
| | - Lan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. E-mail:
| | - Jingchun Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin 300350, China.
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123
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Huang WH, Lee DJ, Huang C. Modification on biochars for applications: A research update. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124100. [PMID: 32950819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochars are the solid product of biomass under pyrolysis or gasification treatment, whose wholesale prices are lower than commercial activated carbons and other fine materials now in use. The employment of biochars as a renewable resource for field applications, if feasible, would gain apparent economic niche. Modification using physical or chemical protocol to revise the surface properties of biochar for reaching enhanced performances of target application has attracted great research interests. This article provided an overview of biochar application, particularly with the respect to the use of modified biochar as preferred soil amendment, adsorbent, electrochemical material, anaerobic digestion promotor, and catalyst. Based on literature works the current research trends and the prospects and research needs were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Chihpin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30009, Taiwan
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Chaves Fernandes BC, Ferreira Mendes K, Dias Júnior AF, da Silva Caldeira VP, da Silva Teófilo TM, Severo Silva T, Mendonça V, de Freitas Souza M, Valadão Silva D. Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Properties of Eucalyptus Wood-Derived Biochar. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245841. [PMID: 33371527 PMCID: PMC7767541 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis conditions directly influence biochar properties and, consequently, influence the potential use of biochar. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different pyrolysis temperatures (450, 550, 650, 750, 850, and 950 °C) on the hydrogen potential, electrical conductivity, ash content, yield, volatile matter content, elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results, X-ray diffraction results, scanning electron microscopy results, specific surface area, and micropore volume of eucalyptus wood-derived biochar. The degree of linear association between pyrolysis temperatures and biochar properties was examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed a positive correlation of the pyrolysis temperature with the hydrogen potential value, electrical conductivity, and elemental carbon. There was a negative correlation of the pyrolysis temperature with the yield, volatile matter content, elemental oxygen, elemental hydrogen, surface area, aromaticity, hydrophilicity, and polarity indexes. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data indicated an increase in aromaticity and a decrease in the polarity of high-temperature biochar. The increased pyrolysis temperature caused the loss of cellulose and crystalline mineral components, as indicated by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. These results indicated that changing the pyrolysis temperature enables the production of biochar from the same raw material with a wide range of physicochemical properties, which allows its use in various types of agricultural and environmental activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(84)-988129400
| | - Kassio Ferreira Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil;
| | - Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, Brazil;
| | | | - Taliane Maria da Silva Teófilo
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Tatiane Severo Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Vander Mendonça
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Matheus de Freitas Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Daniel Valadão Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Centro de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.T.); (T.S.S.); (V.M.); (M.d.F.S.); (D.V.S.)
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125
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Zahedifar M. Effect of Biochar on Cadmium Fractions in Some Polluted Saline and Sodic Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 66:1133-1141. [PMID: 33070199 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals is becoming a serious environmental problem especially in saline and sodic soils and information on different fractions of metals is useful to predict their mobility and availability in soil. Addition of organic amendments, as an important technique to remediation of metals has been considered recently. Therefore, the effect of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar on cadmium (Cd) fractions in saline, sodic, saline-sodic and normal soils were evaluated through an incubation experiment using sequential extraction. Treatments included biochar (0, 2, and 4 wt %) of sugarcane bagasse and 50 mg Cd kg-1 with three replications. In all studied soils with 2 and 4% biochar application, the organic matter fraction was the dominant form of Cd. Biochar had no significant influence on exchangeable Cd in normal and sodic soils. Whereas, application of 2 and 4% biochar increased exchangeable Cd concentration in saline and saline-sodic soils probably due to high capacity of biochar to sorb salts that mitigate the negative effects of salts in soil solution. The mobility factor (MF) of Cd in studied soils was high (20-50%). The MF value decreased with the increase of biochar dosage. According to reduced partition index, Cd was partitioned in all fractions. Based on these results, biochar can mitigate the effect of Cd pollution in these soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zahedifar
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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126
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Ghosh D, Maiti SK. Can biochar reclaim coal mine spoil? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 272:111097. [PMID: 32854895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface coal mining activities completely destroy vegetation cover, soil and biodiversity. The aftermaths include huge coal mine spoil dumps, changed topography, drainage and landscape, deteriorated aesthetics and increased pollution load. These coal mine spoils are characterised by high rock fragments, extremely low water holding capacity, compacted and high bulk density, lack of organic carbon and plant nutrients, low cation exchange capacity, acidic pH and toxic metal contamination, which poses difficulties in reclamation. An array of studies has been focused on the sustainable use of biochar for restoration of degraded agricultural soil by improving the soil physicochemical, nutritional and biological properties. Although a volume of studies has been done on biochar application, its specialised application in reclamation of coal mine spoils is still atypical, also a systematic review on the mechanism by which biochar amends the mine spoil is lacking. This review focuses on i) factors affecting the biochar properties, ii) the mechanism involved in altering the physical, chemical and biological properties by biochar, (iii) remediation of potentially toxic elements in soil and restoration of degraded land using biochar, and, iv) highlighting the important aspects to be considered while using biochar for reclamation of coal mine spoil. Biochar prepared at 450 °C from a lignocellulosic rich biomass can be an alternative for reclamation for coal mine spoil. Review also suggested suitable methodologies for bulk production, application and economics of biochar in coal mine spoil reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipita Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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127
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Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass in the Presence of Molten Alkali-Metal Carbonates under Reducing Environments of N2 and CO2. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13205395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The impact of N2 and CO2 atmospheres on the interaction between Eucalyptus pilularis biomass and a ternary molten carbonate eutectic (Li2CO3: Na2CO3: K2CO3) has been investigated at 600 °C and 900 °C. For lower temperature conversion under CO2, prevention of volatile release in the eutectic treated biomass is slightly higher than under N2 injection; however, similar bubble-shaped morphology of the remnant char is observed under both carrier gases. By increasing the temperature to 900 °C under CO2, the reverse Boudouard reaction begins to consume carbon fuel, while molten carbonate gasification also accelerates the reaction to a lower temperature set point (shifted from ~735 °C to ~640 °C). The mass loss of carbonate under CO2 and N2 at 900 °C is 0 (negligible) and 18 wt.%, respectively. In the absence of carbon particles, the decomposition of carbonate to M2O (l) and CO2 (g), as well as molten salt vaporization, are the sole potential routes of weight loss in an inert gas. Previous observations of biomass and eutectic mixture thermochemical conversion under N2 have suggested carbon/carbonate gasification is dominant at elevated temperatures, with production of CO expected. However, analysis of gas chromatography (GC) suggests that carbon/carbonate gasification is the weaker pathway by producing only 7 vol.% of CO, compared with molten carbonate decomposition with 27 vol.% CO2 emission for this system.
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128
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Makoto K, Koike T. Charcoal ecology: Its function as a hub for plant succession and soil nutrient cycling in boreal forests. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kobayashi Makoto
- Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Horonobe Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Plant Nutrition Lab, Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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129
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Mojiri A, Zhou JL, Robinson B, Ohashi A, Ozaki N, Kindaichi T, Farraji H, Vakili M. Pesticides in aquatic environments and their removal by adsorption methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126646. [PMID: 32276120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides are widely used in agriculture, industry and households, they pose a risk to human health and ecosystems. Based on target organisms, the main types of pesticides are herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, of which herbicides accounted for 46% of the total pesticide usage worldwide. The movement of pesticides into water bodies occurs through run-off, spray drift, leaching, and sub-surface drainage, all of which have negative impacts on aquatic environments and humans. We sought to define the critical factors affecting the fluxes of contaminants into receiving waters. We also aimed to specify the feasibility of using sorbents to remove pesticides from waterways. In Karun River in Iran (1.21 × 105 ng/L), pesticide concentrations are above regulatory limits. The concentration of pesticides in fish can reach 26.1 × 103 μg/kg, specifically methoxychlor herbicide in Perca fluviatilis in Lithuania. During the last years, research has focused on elimination of organic pollutants, such as pesticides, from aqueous solution. Pesticide adsorption onto low-cost materials can effectively remediate contaminated waters. In particular, nanoparticle adsorbents and carbon-based adsorbents exhibit high performance (nearly 100%) in removing pesticides from water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Brett Robinson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hossein Farraji
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mohammadtaghi Vakili
- Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
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130
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Moyo GG, Hu Z, Getahun MD. Decontamination of xenobiotics in water and soil environment through potential application of composite maize stover/rice husk (MS/RH) biochar-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28679-28694. [PMID: 32447734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industries continuously emit xenobiotics into the environment, which increases risks of exposing humans and other biota to xenobiotics. Though various conventional and modern environmental remediation technologies are being employed, some of them are ineffective in removing xenobiotics, while others are costly and not feasible for large-scale utilization. Maize stover (MS) and rice husks (RH) are produced in abundance globally, which make them ideal and cost-effective feedstocks for large-scale biochar production for environmental remediation. Since either type of pristine MS and RH biochar may not be effective in removing some xenobiotics, the incorporation of modifiers into MS/RH biochars can help to form composite MS/RH biochar which in turn can better decontaminate water and soil. Thus, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation, characterization, and environmental remediation using pristine and composite MS/RH biochar. Possible areas for composite MS/RH biochar applications and future perspectives of the technology in reducing xenobiotics are also proposed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gift G Moyo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 5196, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meseret D Getahun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China
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131
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Ramakrishnan M, Yrjälä K, Vinod KK, Sharma A, Cho J, Satheesh V, Zhou M. Genetics and genomics of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): Current status, future challenges, and biotechnological opportunities toward a sustainable bamboo industry. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Yrjälä
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
- Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
| | - Jungnam Cho
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Mingbing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Centre for Bamboo Resources and High‐efficiency Utilization Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
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132
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Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Li Q, Cheng C, Shen H, Zhang Z. Bioelectrochemical remediation of Cr(VI)/Cd(II)-contaminated soil in bipolar membrane microbial fuel cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109582. [PMID: 32361081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal contaminated soils post great environmental and health concerns. In this study, Cr and Cd which are frequently observed in contaminated soils, were selected as representatives of hazardous heavy metals because of their different redox potentials and electric charges. Cr(VI)-, Cd(II)-, Cr(VI)/Cd(II)-contaminated soils were remediated in two-chamber air-cathode MFCs, in order to investigate the remediation of soil contaminated by single heavy metal and mixed heavy metals. Four ion exchange membranes (IEMs) were first evaluated to find out that bipolar membrane (BPM) was able to well maintain pH in both anolyte and catholyte, which was beneficial to support biological metabolism and heavy metal removal. It was also found that heavy metal ions (Cr, Cd or Cr/Cd) could migrate toward the cathode forming a concentration gradient under the weak electric field. The interaction between negatively charged Cr and positively charged Cd had no major effect to hinder each other on the migration, suggesting that the reduction reaction and electric field should be the main motivation for metal ion migration. The remediation performance of mixed heavy metal contaminated soil was superior to that of single heavy metal contaminated soil, for the possible reason of smaller internal resistance under mixed heavy metal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Technology Institute of Drilling & Production Qinghai Oilfield, Qinghai, 736202, China
| | - Changkun Cheng
- Technology Institute of Drilling & Production Qinghai Oilfield, Qinghai, 736202, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Technology Institute of Drilling & Production Qinghai Oilfield, Qinghai, 736202, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
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133
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Wang D, Jiang P, Zhang H, Yuan W. Biochar production and applications in agro and forestry systems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137775. [PMID: 32213399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a product of biomass thermochemical conversion. Its yield and quality vary significantly with the production technology and process parameters, which also affect its performance in agro and forestry systems. In this review, biochar production technologies including slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, gasification, and torrefaction were compared. The yield of biochar was found to decrease with faster heating rate or more oxygen available. The benefits of biochar application to agro and forestry systems were discussed. Improvements in soil health, plant growth, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas mitigation are apparent in many cases, but opposite results do exist, indicating that the beneficial aspect of biochar are limited to particular conditions such as the type of biochar used, the rate of application, soil type, climate, and crop species. Limitations of current studies and future research needed on biochar are also discussed. Specifically, the relationships among biochar production technologies, biochar properties, and biochar performance in agro and forestry systems must be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Peikun Jiang
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqiao Yuan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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134
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Zhao W, Zhou Q, Tian Z, Cui Y, Liang Y, Wang H. Apply biochar to ameliorate soda saline-alkali land, improve soil function and increase corn nutrient availability in the Songnen Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137428. [PMID: 32197168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soda saline-alkali soils are characterized by high concentration of sodium cations on the exchange complex or in soil-water resulting in soils which are physically as well as nutritionally challenging for crop production. Biochar application has received growing interest as a sustainable technology to improve physicochemical properties in non-saline and non-alkali soils. However, information is inadequate regarding potential of using corn straw derived biochar as an organic material to reduce soda saline-alkali stress. Based on the established model of corn straw biochar-soda saline alkali soil-corn system, soil and plant samples were collected from long-term field experiment in soda saline-alkali land with different addition rates of corn straw biochar (CK: control, T5: 5 ton ha-1, T10: 10 ton ha-1, T15: 15 ton ha-1, T20: 20 ton ha-1, T25: 25 ton ha-1, T30: 30 ton ha-1). In the seedling and harvest period, addition of corn straw biochar enhanced the contents of cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter, and nutrients of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm saline-alkali soil layers and the above ground and underground parts of corn. However, the results were contrary as far as pH, salt, and Na+ were concerned, and the effect of T20 was the most significant. Principal component analysis showed that CEC, pH, salinity, and organic matter could be used as indicators to evaluate the improvement effect of biochar on soda saline-alkali soil. Irrespective of the application of biochar, pH, salt content, Na+, and nutrients concentrations at seedling stage were higher than those at harvest stage, indicating that planting corn could improve soda saline-alkali soil. It may be concluded that corn straw biochar can be used as an organic amendment for reducing adverse effects of salinity and alkalinity on soil functions governed by their rates of addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zongze Tian
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yutong Cui
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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135
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Caban M, Folentarska A, Lis H, Kobylis P, Bielicka-Giełdoń A, Kumirska J, Ciesielski W, Stepnowski P. Critical study of crop-derived biochars for soil amendment and pharmaceutical ecotoxicity reduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125976. [PMID: 32006830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biochars (BCs) produced from crops (straw and seeds) were tested for the applicability as additive to soils. The effect on pH, water capacity and cation exchange capacity of soil were tested. The ability for the sorption of pharmaceuticals (beta-blockers, anti-inflammatory drugs, sulfonamides, 17α-ethinylestradiol, carbamazepine, caffeine) using the batch sorption test was performed, and the effect of water pH was investigated. In addition, the metals removed from the biochar was analyzed as a potential toxicity factor. The mechanism of adsorption (Langmuir, Freundlich) was tested for sulfadimetoxine. The effect of the rye-derived biochar on water cress germination and the reduction of the sulfonamides toxicity to this plant was tested. The advantages of crop-derived biochar application to different soils (sand soil, clay soil and reference soil) was presented. It was found that tested BCs effectively increase the water capacity of soils, especially sand type soil, but in the same time it had increase the pH of pure-buffering soils. The driving force of pharmaceutical sorption was its ionization form - the highest sorption occurs for cations, medium for neutral forms, while the lowest sorption for anions. The opposite situation have been noted for desorption from biochar. The washing of biochars increases sorption for the neutral and anionic species, but not for the cations. The application of biochars into the soils can from one site protect the plants from toxic impact of sulfonamides, but from the other hamper the root prolongation by the pH increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Folentarska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Długosz University, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Hanna Lis
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Kobylis
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bielicka-Giełdoń
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Ciesielski
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Długosz University, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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136
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A Mild Method for Preparation of Highly Selective Magnetic Biochar Microspheres. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113752. [PMID: 32466534 PMCID: PMC7313027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the use of biochar and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as co-stabilizers for oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsion. The emulsion is subsequently used to prepare magnetic tetracycline-imprinted biochar composite microspheres (MMIPMs) with good uniformity and high selectivity. The MMIPMs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The adsorption properties of tetracycline to the MMIPMs were investigated using different adsorption experiments including adsorption kinetic experiment, equilibrium binding experiment, selectivity evaluation and competitive adsorption tests. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of the MMIPMs (15.45 mg g−1) was greater than that of the raw biochar (2.10 mg g−1) and non-imprinted biochar composite microspheres (3.39 mg g−1) for tetracycline. Further, the MMIPMs were used as adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction (SPE) for the extraction of tetracycline present in drinking water, milk, fish and chicken samples. Under optimal conditions, the results showed good recovery yield ranging from 88.41% to 106.29% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 0.35% to 6.83%, respectively.
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137
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Abstract
Land degradation by old mining activities is a concern worldwide. However, many known technologies are expensive and cannot be considered for mining soil restoration. Biochar amendment of mining soils is becoming an interesting alternative to traditional technologies due to an improvement in soil properties and metal mobility reduction. Biochar effects depend on soil and biochar properties, which in turn vary with pyrolysis conversion parameters and the feedstock used. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of four biochars prepared from poultry and rabbit manure at two pyrolysis temperatures (450 and 600 °C) in the trace metal mobility, CO2 emissions, and enzymatic activity of 10 mining soils located in three historical mining areas of Spain (Zarandas-Andalusia, Mijarojos-Cantabria, and Portman-Murcia). For this reason, soils were amended with biochars at a rate of 10% (w/w), and different treatments were incubated for 180 days. For acid soils of the Zarandas-Andalusia area, biochar addition reduced the mobility of Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cr, respectively, by 91%, 81%, 29%, 67%, and 70%. Nevertheless, biochars did not exhibit the same efficiency in the other two areas where alkaline soils were predominant. CO2 emissions generally increased in the treated soils. The application of biochars produced at 600 °C reduced CO2 emissions, in some cases by more than 28%, being an adequate strategy for C sequestration in soil. The results showed that application of manure biochars can be an effective technique to reduce the mobility of metals in multi-contaminated acid soils, while reducing metal toxicity for soil microorganisms.
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138
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Tsouloufa A, Dailianis S, Karapanagioti HK, Manariotis ID. Physicochemical and Toxicological Assay of Leachate from Malt Spent Rootlets Biochar. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:634-641. [PMID: 32236702 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the leachate derived from biochar produced from malt spent rootlets (MSR) and to evaluate the required washing level in order to provide water free from inorganic substances. MSR biochar was placed in a column and subjected to six serial washes with distilled water, and the leachate was analysed for main anions and heavy metals. The 1st wash aliquot contained increased levels of mainly phosphates (980 mg/L) and chlorides (760 mg/L), and lower levels of nitrates, sulfates, fluoride and bromide, which were decreased over washes. Zero concentrations were observed after three washes for most anions. The increased levels of Zn, Be, Cs, Mn, V and Se determined in the 1st wash aliquot were eliminated in the successive washes. The toxic potency of each wash aliquot, determined by the use of the fairy shrimp Thamnocephalus platyurus showed that the 1st and 2nd MSR biochar leachates were toxic with 4.52 and 1.46 toxic units (TU), respectively, followed by a significant elimination of toxicity after further washes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Tsouloufa
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis D Manariotis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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139
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Hoslett J, Ghazal H, Mohamad N, Jouhara H. Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by biochar prepared from the pyrolysis of mixed municipal discarded material. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136832. [PMID: 32018976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the adsorption of organic compounds in aqueous solution to biochar adsorbent, using methylene blue as an indicator for adsorption. Biochar was produced by the pyrolysis of mixed municipal discarded material in an innovative heat pipe reactor, the pyrolysis temperature was held at 300°C for 12 h. Biochar produced under these conditions was found to have oxygen containing functional groups that are beneficial to the adsorption of methylene blue as well as graphitic structures suggesting potential sites for π-π interactions with methylene blue. Methylene Blue followed the pseudo second order kinetic model with higher R2 values than both the pseudo first order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption also closely fit the Langmuir isotherm rather than the Freundlich model, suggesting monolayer adsorption rather than multilayer adsorption. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed at 7.2 mg/g for initial concentration of 100 mg/l Methylene blue in aqueous solution. The amount of Methylene blue adsorbed increased with increasing initial concentration as expected. The adsorption mechanisms are likely π-π interactions between methylene blue and the graphitic structures in the biochar which are shown to be present in Raman spectroscopy, as well as electrostatic attraction and ionic bonding between negatively charged surface sites on the char and the positive charge on the dissolved methylene blue molecules. The results show that biochar obtained from mixed waste could be employed as a low-cost and effective tool in water treatment for the removal of basic dyes and potentially other organic impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hoslett
- Brunel University London, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Heba Ghazal
- Kingston University, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Nour Mohamad
- Brunel University London, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Hussam Jouhara
- Brunel University London, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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140
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Liu J, Jiang J, Meng Y, Aihemaiti A, Xu Y, Xiang H, Gao Y, Chen X. Preparation, environmental application and prospect of biochar-supported metal nanoparticles: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122026. [PMID: 31958612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a low-cost, porous, and carbon-rich material and it exhibits a great potential as an adsorbent and a supporting matrix due to its high surface activity, high specific surface area, and high ion exchange capacity. Metal nanomaterials are nanometer-sized solid particles which have high reactivity, high surface area, and high surface energy. Owing to their aggregation and passivation, metal nanomaterials will lose excellent physiochemical properties. Carbon-enriched biochar can be applied to overcome these drawbacks of metal nanomaterials. Combining the advantages of biochar and metal nanomaterials, supporting metal nanomaterials on porous and stable biochar creates a new biochar-supported metal nanoparticles (MNPs@BC). Therefore, MNPs@BC can be used to design the properties of metal nanoparticles, stabilize the anchored metal nanoparticles, and facilitate the catalytic/redox reactions at the biochar-metal interfaces, which maximizes the efficiency of biochar and metal nanoparticles in environmental application. This work detailedly reviews the synthesis methods of MNPs@BC and the effects of preparation conditions on the properties of MNPs@BC during the preparation processes. The characterization methods of MNPs@BC, the removal/remediation performance of MNPs@BC for organic contaminants, heavy metals and other inorganic contaminants in water and soil, and the effect of MNPs@BC properties on the remediation efficiency were discussed. In addition, this paper summarizes the effect of various parameters on the removal of contaminants from water, the effect of MNPs@BC remediation on soil properties, and the removal/remediation mechanisms of the contaminants by MNPs@BC in water and soil. Moreover, the potential directions for future research and development of MNPs@BC have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yuan Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Yiwen Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Honglin Xiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuejing Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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141
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Turan V. Potential of pistachio shell biochar and dicalcium phosphate combination to reduce Pb speciation in spinach, improved soil enzymatic activities, plant nutritional quality, and antioxidant defense system. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125611. [PMID: 31864057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead-contaminated soils are becoming an ecological risk to the environment because of producing low-quality food which is directly causing critical health issues in humans and animals. We hypothesized that incorporation of dicalcium phosphate (DCP), eggshell powder (ESP) and biochar (BH) at diverse rates into a Pb-affected soil can proficiently immobilize Pb and decline its bioavailability to spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). A soil was artificially spiked with Pb concentration (at 600 mg kg-1) and further amended with DCP, ESP, and BH (as sole treatments at 2% and in concoctions at 1% each) for immobilization of Pb in the soil. The interlinked effects of applied treatments on Pb concentrations in shoots and roots, biomass, antioxidants, biochemistry, and nutrition of spinach were also investigated. Results depicted that the highest reduction in DTPA-extractable Pb and the concentrations of Pb in shoots and roots was achieved in DCP1%+BH1% treatment that was up to 58%, 66%, and 53%, respectively over control. Likewise, the DCP1%+BH1% treatment also showed the maximum shoot and root dry weight (DW), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and chlorophyll-b (Chl-b) contents and relative water content (RWC) in spinach up to 92%, 121%, 60%, 65%, and 30%, respectively, compared to control. Likewise, DCP1%+BH1% treatment noticeably improved antioxidant enzymes, biochemistry, and nutrition in the leaves. Moreover, the DCP1%+BH1% treatment depicted mostly enhanced activities of dehydrogenase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, phosphomonoesterase, urease, protease and B-glucosidase in the post-harvested soil up to 118%, 345%, 55%, 92%, 288%, 107%, 53% and 252%, respectively over control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Turan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey.
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142
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Bashir MA, Naveed M, Ahmad Z, Gao B, Mustafa A, Núñez-Delgado A. Combined application of biochar and sulfur regulated growth, physiological, antioxidant responses and Cr removal capacity of maize (Zea mays L.) in tannery polluted soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 259:110051. [PMID: 31929031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination due to heavy metals is a serious problem worldwide. Leather industry is one of the leading sectors in this regard in Pakistan, discharging heavy metal chromium (Cr) through untreated wastewater. In this study, effect of biochar and elemental sulfur (ES) were evaluated on maize growth, physiology, redox homeostasis and Cr dynamics in tannery polluted soils. Biochar was produced through pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse at 350 °C and was applied at a rate of 3% (w/w) along with different rates of ES (3 and 6 g kg-1 soil). Results revealed that Cr toxicity in tannery polluted soils negatively affected plant growth, physiological and biochemical attributes. Reduction in plant growth and accumulation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in roots and shoots were higher in Sialkot (S) soil compared to Kasur (K) soil. Application of biochar and ES (6 g kg-1) resulted in maximum increase in plant height, biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, relative water, starch and protein content, as compared to control. While electrolyte leakage, soluble sugars, proline content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, GSH, GR, GPX, GST and SOD) were decreased by addition of biochar and ES in tannery polluted soils. Similarly, combined application of biochar and ES decreased Cr concentrations in soil, and reduced uptake of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) concentration in roots and shoots of plants in S soil compared with K soil. In conclusion, application of biochar in combination with ES could be considered an interesting environmentally sound option for remediation of tannery polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asaad Bashir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Sci. and Agric. Chem., Engineering Polytech. School, Campus Univ. Lugo, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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143
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Liang J, Tang S, Gong J, Zeng G, Tang W, Song B, Zhang P, Yang Z, Luo Y. Responses of enzymatic activity and microbial communities to biochar/compost amendment in sulfamethoxazole polluted wetland soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121533. [PMID: 31757720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and compost, two common amendments, were rarely conducted to investigate their combined influence on enzymatic activities and microbial communities in organic-polluted wetlands. This article described the effects of biochar/compost on degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ecosystem responses in polluted wetland soil during the whole remediation process. 1% biochar (SB1) increased degradation efficiency of SMX by 0.067% ascribed to the increase of dehydrogenase and urease. 5% biochar (SB5) decreased degradation efficiency by 0.206% due to the decrease of enzymes especially for dehydrogenase. 2% compost (SC2), 1% biochar & 2% compost (SBC3), both 10% compost (SC10) and 5% biochar & 10% compost (SBC15) enhanced degradation efficiency by 0.033%, 0.015% and 0.222%, respectively, due to the increase of enzymes and biomass. The degradation efficiency was positively related to biomass and enzymatic activities. High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that HCGs (SB5, SC10, SBC15) improved the bacterial diversities but reduced richness through introducing more exogenous predominance strains and annihilated several inferior strains, while LCGs (SB1, SC2, SBC3) exhibited lower diversities but higher richness through enhanced the RAs of autochthonal preponderant species and maintained some inferior species. Additionally, HCGs raised the RAs of amino and lipid metabolism gene but lowered those of carbohydrate compared with LCGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Siqun Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhaoxue Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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144
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Tan X, Wei W, Xu C, Meng Y, Bai W, Yang W, Lin A. Manganese-modified biochar for highly efficient sorption of cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9126-9134. [PMID: 31916167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, corn stalk was modified by manganese (Mn) before (MBC1) and after (MBC2) pyrolysis at different temperatures (400~600 °C) under anaerobic conditions for Cd sorption in both water and soil. Batch experiments in aqueous solution were conducted to evaluate the optimum sorption capability by biochar with and without manganese-modified. Both types of manganese modification can improve the sorption capacity of Cd(II) on biochar, which is superior to the corresponding pristine biochar without modification, especially, pyrolyzed at 500 °C with 5:1 modification ratio. Under the optimal preparation conditions, the sorption percentage on MBC2 was 11.01% higher than that of MBC1. The maximum sorption capacity of MBC2 was 191.94 mg g-1 calculated by isotherm model. The performance of MBC2 was also verified in soil stabilization experiments in Cd-contaminated soil. We can conclude from the results of BCR extraction that all the application rates of MBC2 (1%, 2%, and 3%) can reduce the mild acid-soluble fraction Cd. The reducible, oxidizable, and residual fraction Cd showed an upward trend, thus controlling the migration, transformation, and enrichment of Cd in soil. The characteristic analysis showed biochar has more irregular fold and more particle-aggregated surface after modification. The main components of these aggregated particles are manganese oxides (MnOx) with high sorption capacity, such as the MnOx crystal structure loaded on MBC2 is a mixed structure of δ-MnO2 and MnO. However, these particles may block the biochar pores, or some of the pores may collapse at high temperatures during the modification process. The specific surface area was reduced, even if the sorption effect of MBC was strongly enhanced. Meanwhile, under the action of the secondary pyrolysis of MBC2 modification process, the MBC2 has a higher degree of aromatization with more potential active sorption sites for Cd. The study concluded that the MBC2 could be a promising amendment for Cd in both water and soil real field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Land Contamination and Remediation, Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China
| | - Congbin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Meng
- Beijing Management Division of North Grand Canal, Beijing, 101100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrong Bai
- Beijing Management Division of North Grand Canal, Beijing, 101100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
- Qinhuangdao Bohai Biological Research Institute of Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Qinhuangdao, 100012, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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145
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Alagha O, Manzar MS, Zubair M, Anil I, Mu’azu ND, Qureshi A. Comparative Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate and Nitrate from Wastewater Using Biochar-MgAl LDH Nanocomposites: Coexisting Anions Effect and Mechanistic Studies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E336. [PMID: 32079126 PMCID: PMC7075123 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, date-palm biochar MgAl-augmented double-layered hydroxide (biochar-MgAl-LDH) nanocomposite was synthesized, characterized, and used for enhancing the removal of phosphate and nitrate pollutants from wastewater. The biochar-MgAl-LDH had higher selectivity and adsorption affinity towards phosphate compared to nitrate. The adsorption kinetics of both anions were better explained by the pseudo-first-order model with a faster removal rate to attain equilibrium in a shorter time, especially at lower initial phosphate-nitrate concentration. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of phosphate and nitrate by the non-linear Langmuir model were 177.97 mg/g and 28.06 mg/g, respectively. The coexistence of anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, CO32- and HCO3-) negligibly affected the removal of phosphate due to its stronger bond on the nano-composites, while the presence of Cl- and PO43- reduced the nitrate removal attributed to the ions' participation in the active adsorption sites on the surface of biochar-MgAl-LDH. The excellent adsorptive performance is the main synergetic influence of the MgAl-LDH incorporation into the biochar. The regeneration tests confirmed that the biochar-MgAl composite can be restored effortlessly and has the prospective to be reused after several subsequent adsorption-desorption cycles. The biochar-LDH further demonstrated capabilities for higher removal of phosphate and nitrate from real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alagha
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering A13, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (M.Z.); (I.A.); (A.Q.)
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146
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Jing F, Chen C, Chen X, Liu W, Wen X, Hu S, Yang Z, Guo B, Xu Y, Yu Q. Effects of wheat straw derived biochar on cadmium availability in a paddy soil and its accumulation in rice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113592. [PMID: 31761591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of biochar amendment on cadmium (Cd) availability in a paddy soil with biochar amendment and its effect on the accumulation in rice. Biochar was applied once at rates of 0 (A0), 10 (A10), 20 (A20), 30 (A30), and 40 (A40) t ha-1 on the soil surface layer (0-17 cm). Results showed that the soil organic matter (SOM) content and pH in 0-17 cm soil layer increased as biochar application rate increased, whereas the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and available iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al) in diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extracts declined with biochar added. Available Cd in DTPA extracts in the 0-17 and 17-29 cm soil layer of A40 treatments was significantly lower (p < 0.05) by 49.4 and 51.7% than that in A0. Compared with A0, the distribution factor (DF) of DTPA extracted Cd in the 0.053-0.25 mm and <0.053 mm aggregates of A40 treatments increased by 136 and 269%, respectively, and the DF values in these micro-aggregates of A40 treatments were greater than 1.0. Based on European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction results, 40 t ha-1 rate of applied biochar reduced the proportion of acid extractable Cd fractions in both 0-17 and 17-29 cm soil layers, but increased the Cd in the oxidizable and residual fractions. The Cd concentration in the rice plants of different biochar treatments was in the order of A0>A10 > A20 > A30 > A40. DTPA extractable Cd concentration in soil was the key factor affecting the Cd uptake by rice roots. In conclusion, biochar application at 40 t ha-1 can effectively reduce the availability of Cd in soil profile, enhance the available Cd enrichment in micro-aggregates, and thus limit the Cd uptake by rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jing
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shimin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhijiang Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bilin Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanling Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Qingxin Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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147
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Fu Q, Zhao H, Li H, Li T, Hou R, Liu D, Ji Y, Gao Y, Yu P. Effects of biochar application during different periods on soil structures and water retention in seasonally frozen soil areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133732. [PMID: 31756836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, little is known about soil improvement by biochar in seasonally frozen soil areas. It is not clear whether the effects of biochar application on soil physical properties differ based on application period. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of biochar on soil structure and water retention in cold regions during different application periods. Three biochar applications during different periods were set up through field trials (A: in the early stage of freezing, B: in the middle period of thawing and C: addition of half of the biochar in the early stage of freezing and other half in the middle period of thawing), including four biochar application rates (3, 6, 9 and 12 kg·m-2), and no biochar was applied as a control (CK). The results showed that the selection of the biochar application period had a significant effect on the soil structure, but there was no significant difference in the stability of the soil structure. Biochar significantly increased the total porosity (TP) and the content of aggregates with diameters >0.25 mm in the soil, and all 9 kg·m-2 biochar treatments showed the best structural stability index. The improvement of the soil structure led to the enhancement of the water storage capacities. The plant available water content (PAWC) increased from 0.0638 to 0.0927-0.1767 cm3·cm-3, and this result was significantly related to the increases in soil TP and large aggregates (LAs: >2 mm). The optimum field capacity (FC = 0.372 cm3·cm-3) was obtained when the applied amount was 9 kg·m-2. This was beneficial for the stable storage of soil moisture. However, compared with the CK, none of the treatments in area B increased the liquid water content in the field soil. In summary, we suggest that treatment C9 is the most suitable method for application in seasonally frozen soil areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yi Ji
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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148
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Dos Santos KJL, Dos Santos GEDS, de Sá ÍMGL, Ide AH, Duarte JLDS, de Carvalho SHV, Soletti JI, Meili L. Wodyetia bifurcata biochar for methylene blue removal from aqueous matrix. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122093. [PMID: 31518818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The endocarp of Wodyetia bifurcata was used to produce biochar by vacuum pyrolysis as an alternative adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) removal. The influence of different pyrolysis temperatures, particle diameters and activation agents in the adsorption process was studied. Kinetics and adsorption equilibrium were also evaluated. Biochar obtained at higher pyrolysis temperatures and activated with H3PO4 showed the best adsorptive capacities, achieving 83% of MB removal. The experimental data fitted better with pseudo-second order model. Isotherms performed at 25, 40, 50 and 60 °C showed that the adsorption of MB onto the activated biochar had no concentration dependence in the range studied. Experimental isotherms fitted well with the Freundlich and Sips models and the thermodynamic parameters suggested a physical adsorption mechanism in a heterogeneous surface, spontaneous at all temperatures evaluated. In brief, the activated carbon obtained from Wodyetia bifurcata can be a promising material for MB removal from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleber Jean Leite Dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Processos (LaPro), Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Laboratorio de Sistemas de Separação e Otimização de Processos (LASSOP), Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Honjo Ide
- Laboratorio de Processos (LaPro), Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - José Leandro da Silva Duarte
- Laboratorio de Processos (LaPro), Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Laboratório de Eletroquímica Aplicada (LEAP), Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Vieira de Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Separação e Otimização de Processos (LASSOP), Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - João Inácio Soletti
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Separação e Otimização de Processos (LASSOP), Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Lucas Meili
- Laboratorio de Processos (LaPro), Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
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149
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Potentials, Limitations, Co-Benefits, and Trade-Offs of Biochar Applications to Soils for Climate Change Mitigation. LAND 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/land8120179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biochar is one of the most affordable negative emission technologies (NET) at hand for future large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), which is typically found essential to stabilizing global temperature rise at relatively low levels. Biochar has also attracted attention as a soil amendment capable of improving yield and soil quality and of reducing soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this work, we review the literature on biochar production potential and its effects on climate, food security, ecosystems, and toxicity. We identify three key factors that are largely affecting the environmental performance of biochar application to agricultural soils: (1) production condition during pyrolysis, (2) soil conditions and background climate, and (3) field management of biochar. Biochar production using only forest or crop residues can achieve up to 10% of the required CDR for 1.5 ∘ C pathways and about 25% for 2 ∘ C pathways; the consideration of dedicated crops as biochar feedstocks increases the CDR potential up to 15–35% and 35–50%, respectively. A quantitative review of life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies of biochar systems shows that the total climate change assessment of biochar ranges between a net emission of 0.04 tCO 2 eq and a net reduction of 1.67 tCO 2 eq per tonnes feedstock. The wide range of values is due to different assumptions in the LCA studies, such as type of feedstock, biochar stability in soils, soil emissions, substitution effects, and methodological issues. Potential trade-offs between climate mitigation and other environmental impact categories include particulate matter, acidification, and eutrophication and mostly depend on the background energy system considered and on whether residues or dedicated feedstocks are used for biochar production. Overall, our review finds that biochar in soils presents relatively low risks in terms of negative environmental impacts and can improve soil quality and that decisions regarding feedstock mix and pyrolysis conditions can be optimized to maximize climate benefits and to reduce trade-offs under different soil conditions. However, more knowledge on the fate of biochar in freshwater systems and as black carbon emissions is required, as they represent potential negative consequences for climate and toxicity. Biochar systems also interact with the climate through many complex mechanisms (i.e., surface albedo, black carbon emissions from soils, etc.) or with water bodies through leaching of nutrients. These effects are complex and the lack of simplified metrics and approaches prevents their routine inclusion in environmental assessment studies. Specific emission factors produced from more sophisticated climate and ecosystem models are instrumental to increasing the resolution and accuracy of environmental sustainability analysis of biochar systems and can ultimately improve the characterization of the heterogeneities of varying local conditions and combinations of type feedstock, conversion process, soil conditions, and application practice.
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150
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Schofield HK, Pettitt TR, Tappin AD, Rollinson GK, Fitzsimons MF. Biochar incorporation increased nitrogen and carbon retention in a waste-derived soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1228-1236. [PMID: 31470485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of manufactured soils converts waste materials to value-added products, alleviating pressures on both waste disposal infrastructure and topsoils. For manufactured soils to be effective media for plant growth, they must retain and store plant-available nutrients, including nitrogen. In this study, biochar applications were tested for their ability to retain nitrogen in a soil manufactured from waste materials. A biochar, produced from horticultural green waste, was added to a manufactured soil at 2, 5 and 10 % (by weight), then maintained at 15 °C and irrigated with water (0.84 mL m-2 d-1) over 6 weeks. Total dissolved nitrogen concentrations in soil leachate decreased by 25.2, 30.6 and 44.0 % at biochar concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 %, respectively. Biochar also changed the proportions of each nitrogen-fraction in collected samples. Three mechanisms for biochar-induced nitrogen retention were possible: i) increased cation and anion exchange capacity of the substrate; ii) retention of molecules within the biochar pore spaces; iii) immobilisation of nitrogen through microbial utilisation of labile carbon further supported by increased soil moisture content, surface area, and pH. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations in leachate were reduced (-34.7 %, -28.9 %, and -16.7 %) in the substrate with 2, 5 and 10 % biochar additions, respectively. Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis data showed increased microbial metabolic activity with biochar application (14.7 ± 0.5, 25.4 ± 5.3, 27.0 ± 0.1, 46.1 ± 6.1 µg FL g-1 h-1 for applications at 0, 2, 5, and 10 %, respectively), linking biochar addition to enhanced microbial activity. These data highlight the potential for biochar to suppress the long-term turnover of SOM and promote carbon sequestration, and a long-term sustainable growth substrate provided by the reuse of waste materials diverted from landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kate Schofield
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | | | - Alan D Tappin
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Gavyn K Rollinson
- Camborne School of Mines, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Mark F Fitzsimons
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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