101
|
Mavroudis PD, Jusko WJ. Mathematical modeling of mammalian circadian clocks affecting drug and disease responses. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2021; 48:375-386. [PMID: 33725238 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-021-09746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To align with daily environmental changes, most physiological processes in mammals exhibit a time-of-day rhythmicity. This circadian control of physiology is intrinsically driven by a cell-autonomous clock gene network present in almost all cells of the body that drives rhythmic expression of genes that regulate numerous molecular and cellular processes. Accordingly, many aspects of pharmacology and toxicology also oscillate in a time-of-day manner giving rise to diverse effects on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Genome-wide studies and mathematical modeling are available tools that have significantly improved our understanding of these nonlinear aspects of physiology and therapeutics. In this manuscript current literature and our prior work on the model-based approaches that have been used to explore circadian genomic systems of mammals are reviewed. Such basic understanding and having an integrative approach may provide new strategies for chronotherapeutic drug treatments and yield new insights for the restoration of the circadian system when altered by diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon D Mavroudis
- Quantitative Pharmacology, DMPK, Sanofi, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA. .,State University of New York, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - William J Jusko
- State University of New York, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Woller A, Gonze D. Circadian Misalignment and Metabolic Disorders: A Story of Twisted Clocks. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030207. [PMID: 33801795 PMCID: PMC8001388 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In mammals, many physiological processes follow a 24 h rhythmic pattern. These rhythms are governed by a complex network of circadian clocks, which perceives external time cues (notably light and nutrients) and adjusts the timing of metabolic and physiological functions to allow a proper adaptation of the organism to the daily changes in the environmental conditions. Circadian rhythms originate at the cellular level through a transcriptional–translational regulatory network involving a handful of clock genes. In this review, we show how adverse effects caused by ill-timed feeding or jet lag can lead to a dysregulation of this genetic clockwork, which in turn results in altered metabolic regulation and possibly in diseases. We also show how computational modeling can complement experimental observations to understand the design of the clockwork and the onset of metabolic disorders. Abstract Biological clocks are cell-autonomous oscillators that can be entrained by periodic environmental cues. This allows organisms to anticipate predictable daily environmental changes and, thereby, to partition physiological processes into appropriate phases with respect to these changing external conditions. Nowadays our 24/7 society challenges this delicate equilibrium. Indeed, many studies suggest that perturbations such as chronic jet lag, ill-timed eating patterns, or shift work increase the susceptibility to cardiometabolic disorders, diabetes, and cancers. However the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. A deeper understanding of this complex, dynamic system requires a global holistic approach for which mathematical modeling can be highly beneficial. In this review, we summarize several experimental works pertaining to the effect of adverse conditions on clock gene expression and on physiology, and we show how computational models can bring interesting insights into the links between circadian misalignment and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Woller
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Didier Gonze
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bvd du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Late-evening food intake is highly prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Res 2021; 87:91-96. [PMID: 33607392 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Late-evening food intake is associated with cardiometabolic risk. We assessed the prevalence of late-evening and night-time eating in individuals with type 2 diabetes and its association with BMI and HbA1c. We hypothesized food intake during late evening and night-time to be prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes and to be associated with higher BMI and higher HbA1c. This cross-sectional analysis includes 348 adults with type 2 diabetes from an outpatient diabetes clinic in Denmark. Frequency of late-evening and night-time eating was assessed from a food frequency questionnaire and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Participants were divided into those reporting to eat frequently (≥3 times/week) in the evening after dinner and/or during night-time (late-eaters) and those who did not (reference group) and BMI and HbA1c levels were compared between groups with and without adjustment for diabetes duration and antidiabetic medication. 42% of the study population reported to eat frequently (≥3 times/week) in the late evening and 8% reported to do so during the night. Most late-eaters reported to eat breakfast regularly, suggesting a long eating window and short fasting period in this group. BMI and HbA1c did not differ between late-eaters and the reference group. Eating late in the evening or during the night was prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes across BMI and HbA1c levels. Whether restriction of food intake during evening and night-time can induce weight loss and improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes needs testing in randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
|
104
|
Dose-Response Relationship between Night Work and the Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose: The Korean Worker's Special Health Examination for Night Workers Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041854. [PMID: 33672896 PMCID: PMC7918366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted regarding the association between night work and diabetes, but the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and night work is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate this association using the Special Health Examination (SHEW) for Korean night workers. Laboratory, questionnaire, and physical examination data were collected for 80,077 manual workers between 2014 and 2016 from Korea Medical Institute, and associations of the data with IFG were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model. The odds ratios for IFG among those who worked night shifts for 2~5 years, 5~12 years, and 12 years or over (ref: <2 years) after adjusting for abdominal obesity were 1.14 (0.90–1.45), 1.41 (1.10–1.81), and 1.75 (1.41–2.19), respectively. A dose–response relationship was identified between the duration of night work and the prevalence of IFG (p for trend <0.05). A dose relationship remained significant when a subgroup of non-obese participants was analyzed. We identified an association and a dose–response relationship between the number of years of night work and IFG. To prevent the development of diabetes in night workers, we suggest that they should be pre-emptively screened and treated from the stage of IFG.
Collapse
|
105
|
Chellappa SL. Individual differences in light sensitivity affect sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa214. [PMID: 33049062 PMCID: PMC7879412 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial lighting is omnipresent in contemporary society with disruptive consequences for human sleep and circadian rhythms because of overexposure to light, particularly in the evening/night hours. Recent evidence shows large individual variations in circadian photosensitivity, such as melatonin suppression, due to artificial light exposure. Despite the emerging body of research indicating that the effects of light on sleep and circadian rhythms vary dramatically across individuals, recommendations for appropriate light exposure in real-life settings rarely consider such individual effects. This review addresses recently identified links among individual traits, for example, age, sex, chronotype, genetic haplotypes, and the effects of evening/night light on sleep and circadian hallmarks, based on human laboratory and field studies. Target biological mechanisms for individual differences in light sensitivity include differences occurring within the retina and downstream, such as the central circadian clock. This review also highlights that there are wide gaps of uncertainty, despite the growing awareness that individual differences shape the effects of evening/night light on sleep and circadian physiology. These include (1) why do certain individual traits differentially affect the influence of light on sleep and circadian rhythms; (2) what is the translational value of individual differences in light sensitivity in populations typically exposed to light at night, such as night shift workers; and (3) what is the magnitude of individual differences in light sensitivity in population-based studies? Collectively, the current findings provide strong support for considering individual differences when defining optimal lighting specifications, thus allowing for personalized lighting solutions that promote quality of life and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Circadian Deregulation as Possible New Player in Pollution-Induced Tissue Damage. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h oscillations driven by a hypothalamic master oscillator that entrains peripheral clocks in almost all cells, tissues and organs. Circadian misalignment, triggered by industrialization and modern lifestyles, has been linked to several pathological conditions, with possible impairment of the quality or even the very existence of life. Living organisms are continuously exposed to air pollutants, and among them, ozone or particulate matters (PMs) are considered to be among the most toxic to human health. In particular, exposure to environmental stressors may result not only in pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, but, as it has been demonstrated in the last two decades, the skin can also be affected by pollution. In this context, we hypothesize that chronodistruption can exacerbate cell vulnerability to exogenous damaging agents, and we suggest a possible common mechanism of action in deregulation of the homeostasis of the pulmonary, cardiovascular and cutaneous tissues and in its involvement in the development of pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
107
|
Świątkiewicz I, Woźniak A, Taub PR. Time-Restricted Eating and Metabolic Syndrome: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010221. [PMID: 33466692 PMCID: PMC7828812 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) occurs in ~30% of adults and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. MetS reflects the clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors including central obesity, elevated fasting plasma glucose, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure. Erratic eating patterns such as eating over a prolonged period per day and irregular meal timing are common in patients with MetS. Misalignment between daily rhythms of food intake and circadian timing system can contribute to circadian rhythm disruption which results in abnormal metabolic regulation and adversely impacts cardiometabolic health. Novel approaches which aim at restoring robust circadian rhythms through modification of timing and duration of daily eating represent a promising strategy for patients with MetS. Restricting eating period during a day (time-restricted eating, TRE) can aid in mitigating circadian disruption and improving cardiometabolic outcomes. Previous pilot TRE study of patients with MetS showed the feasibility of TRE and improvements in body weight and fat, abdominal obesity, atherogenic lipids, and blood pressure, which were observed despite no overt attempt to change diet quantity and quality or physical activity. The present article aims at giving an overview of TRE human studies of individuals with MetS or its components, summarizing current clinical evidence for improving cardiometabolic health through TRE intervention in these populations, and presenting future perspectives for an implementation of TRE to treat and prevent MetS. Previous TRE trials laid the groundwork and indicate a need for further clinical research including large-scale controlled trials to determine TRE efficacy for reducing long-term cardiometabolic risk, providing tools for sustained lifestyle changes and, ultimately, improving overall health in individuals with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Świątkiewicz
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-249-1308
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Pam R. Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Ribas-Aulinas F, Ribo S, Parra-Vargas M, Fernández-Pérez A, Cebrià J, Guardiola-Perello M, Ramon-Krauel M, Lerin C, Diaz R, Kalko SG, Vallejo M, Díez-Noguera A, Cambras T, Jimenez-Chillaron JC. Neonatal overfeeding during lactation rapidly and permanently misaligns the hepatic circadian rhythm and programmes adult NAFLD. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101162. [PMID: 33422644 PMCID: PMC7851182 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a strong risk factor for adult obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms that link early adiposity with late-onset chronic diseases are poorly characterised. We developed a mouse model of early adiposity through litter size reduction. Mice reared in small litters (SLs) developed obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis during adulthood. The liver played a major role in the development of the disease. OBJECTIVE To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms that link early development and childhood obesity with adult hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. METHODS We analysed the hepatic transcriptome (Affymetrix) of control and SL mice to uncover potential pathways involved in the long-term programming of disease in our model. RESULTS The circadian rhythm was the most significantly deregulated Gene Ontology term in the liver of adult SL mice. Several core clock genes, such as period 1-3 and cryptochrome 1-2, were altered in two-week-old SL mice and remained altered throughout their life course until they reached 4-6 months of age. Defective circadian rhythm was restricted to the periphery since the expression of clock genes in the hypothalamus, the central pacemaker, was normal. The period-cryptochrome genes were primarily entrained by dietary signals. Hence, restricting food availability during the light cycle only uncoupled the central rhythm from the peripheral and completely normalised hepatic triglyceride content in adult SL mice. This effect was accompanied by better re-alignment of the hepatic period genes, suggesting that they might have played a causal role in mediating hepatic steatosis in the adult SL mice. Functional downregulation of Per2 in hepatocytes in vitro confirmed that the period genes regulated lipid-related genes in part through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Ppara). CONCLUSIONS The hepatic circadian rhythm matures during early development, from birth to postnatal day 30. Hence, nutritional challenges during early life may misalign the hepatic circadian rhythm and secondarily lead to metabolic derangements. Specific time-restricted feeding interventions improve metabolic health in the context of childhood obesity by partially re-aligning the peripheral circadian rhythm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Ribas-Aulinas
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (Saint John of God Children's Hospital Barcelona), Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Ribo
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (Saint John of God Children's Hospital Barcelona), Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Parra-Vargas
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (Saint John of God Children's Hospital Barcelona), Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Cebrià
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (Saint John of God Children's Hospital Barcelona), Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Guardiola-Perello
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (Saint John of God Children's Hospital Barcelona), Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ramon-Krauel
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (Saint John of God Children's Hospital Barcelona), Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (Saint John of God Children's Hospital Barcelona), Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Diaz
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (Saint John of God Children's Hospital Barcelona), Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Díez-Noguera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep C Jimenez-Chillaron
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (Saint John of God Children's Hospital Barcelona), Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Díaz-Rizzolo DA, Miro A, Gomis R. Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes through Sardines Consumption: An Integrative Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1867565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Díaz-Rizzolo
- Faculty of Health Science, Universitat Oberta De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut dInvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Miro
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut dInvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Faculty of Health Science, Universitat Oberta De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut dInvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Vetter C, Winnebeck EC, Roenneberg T. Asking the Clock: How to Use Information from Questionnaires for Circadian Phenotyping. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2130:79-85. [PMID: 33284437 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0381-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of big data science, the question how we can easily collect meaningful information about circadian clock phenotypes in large human cohorts imposes itself. Here, we describe potentials and limitations of using questionnaires, specifically the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), to characterize such circadian phenotypes. We also discuss scenarios when alternative methods might be more appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eva C Winnebeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Javeed N, Brown MR, Rakshit K, Her T, Sen SK, Matveyenko AV. Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 1β Disrupts β-cell Circadian Clock Function and Regulation of Insulin Secretion. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqaa084. [PMID: 32455427 PMCID: PMC7692023 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic β-cell circadian clocks are important regulators of insulin secretion and overall glucose homeostasis. Whether the circadian clock in β-cells is perturbed following exposure to prodiabetogenic stressors such as proinflammatory cytokines, and whether these perturbations are featured during the development of diabetes, remains unknown. To address this, we examined the effects of cytokine-mediated inflammation common to the pathophysiology of diabetes, on the physiological and molecular regulation of the β-cell circadian clock. Specifically, we provide evidence that the key diabetogenic cytokine IL-1β disrupts functionality of the β-cell circadian clock and impairs circadian regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The deleterious effects of IL-1β on the circadian clock were attributed to impaired expression of key circadian transcription factor Bmal1, and its regulator, the NAD-dependent deacetylase, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Moreover, we also identified that Type 2 diabetes in humans is associated with reduced immunoreactivity of β-cell BMAL1 and SIRT1, suggestive of a potential causative link between islet inflammation, circadian clock disruption, and β-cell failure. These data suggest that the circadian clock in β-cells is perturbed following exposure to proinflammatory stressors and highlights the potential for therapeutic targeting of the circadian system for treatment for β-cell failure in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew R Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tracy Her
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Satish K Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Huang W, Liu Y, Wang X, Li X, Liu Y, Zou J, Xu H, Zhu H, Yi H, Guan J, Yin S. Effect of Interaction Between Slow Wave Sleep and Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Insulin Resistance: A Large-Scale Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:739-749. [PMID: 34113201 PMCID: PMC8187030 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s311130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Slow-wave sleep (SWS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have attracted recent research attention. However, their joint effects on insulin resistance (IR) remain unclear. This study explored whether SWS influences the relationship between OSA and IR. METHODS We enrolled potential participants in our sleep center from 2007 to 2019. We collected demographic and clinical characteristics and determined IR status. SWS was derived from polysomnography data. Logistic regression analysis was used to reveal the associations between SWS and IR. RESULTS In all, 6966 participants (5709 OSA and 1257 primary snoring [PS] subjects) were enrolled. Less SWS increased the risk of IR in OSA patients but not in PS patients. OSA patients with SWS <6.5% were more likely to have IR than were those with SWS >21.3%. OSA was an independent risk factor for IR after adjusting for potential confounding factors. In stratified analyses according to the percentage of SWS, OSA patients with SWS <6.5% had an odds ratio for IR of 2.461 (95% CI, 2.018-3.002) compared to the PS group after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Less SWS is associated with higher odds for IR in OSA patients but not in PS patients. OSA is independently associated with IR. In addition, OSA combined with an extreme lack of SWS has a more harmful effect on the status of IR than OSA itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyin Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Rakshit K, Matveyenko AV. Induction of Core Circadian Clock Transcription Factor Bmal1 Enhances β-Cell Function and Protects Against Obesity-Induced Glucose Intolerance. Diabetes 2021; 70:143-154. [PMID: 33087455 PMCID: PMC7881843 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by β-cell dysfunction as a result of impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Studies show that β-cell circadian clocks are important regulators of GSIS and glucose homeostasis. These observations raise the question about whether enhancement of the circadian clock in β-cells will confer protection against β-cell dysfunction under diabetogenic conditions. To test this, we used an approach by first generating mice with β-cell-specific inducible overexpression of Bmal1 (core circadian transcription factor; β-Bmal1 OV ). We subsequently examined the effects of β-Bmal1 OV on the circadian clock, GSIS, islet transcriptome, and glucose metabolism in the context of diet-induced obesity. We also tested the effects of circadian clock-enhancing small-molecule nobiletin on GSIS in mouse and human control and T2DM islets. We report that β-Bmal1 OV mice display enhanced islet circadian clock amplitude and augmented in vivo and in vitro GSIS and are protected against obesity-induced glucose intolerance. These effects were associated with increased expression of purported BMAL1-target genes mediating insulin secretion, processing, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, exposure of isolated islets to nobiletin enhanced β-cell secretory function in a Bmal1-dependent manner. This work suggests therapeutic targeting of the circadian system as a potential strategy to counteract β-cell failure under diabetogenic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
McCabe CJ, Suarez-Trujillo A, Teeple KA, Casey TM, Boerman JP. Chronic prepartum light-dark phase shifts in cattle disrupt circadian clocks, decrease insulin sensitivity and mammary development, and are associated with lower milk yield through 60 days postpartum. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2422-2437. [PMID: 33309361 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Circadian and metabolic systems are interlocked and reciprocally regulated. To determine if the circadian system regulates glucose homeostasis and mammary development, the function of the circadian system was disrupted by exposing cattle to chronic light-dark cycle phase shifts from 5 wk before expected calving (BEC) to parturition. Multiparous Holstein cows were exposed to 16 h of light and 8 h of dark (CON, n = 8) or phase shifting (PS, n = 8) the light cycle 6 h every 3 d beginning 35 d BEC. After calving, both treatments were exposed to CON lighting. Mammary biopsies were taken at 21 d BEC and 21 d in milk (DIM), and histological analysis indicated PS treatment decreased the ratio of lumen to alveolar area and percentage of proliferating epithelial cells in the prepartum period. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed at 14 d BEC and 7 DIM by administering 50% dextrose. Blood glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids were consequently measured over 3 h. At 14 d BEC no treatment differences were observed in baseline glucose or insulin. Treatment had no effect on blood glucose or glucose area under the curve at 14 d BEC and 7 DIM. Insulin area under the curve was higher in PS versus CON at 14 d BEC and 7 DIM. The PS cows produced less milk than CON cows through 60 DIM (40.3 vs. 42.6 kg/d). Exposure to chronic light-dark PS in late gestation decreased mammary development and increased insulin resistance in periparturient cows, which may have caused subsequent lower milk yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J McCabe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - A Suarez-Trujillo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - K A Teeple
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - T M Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
| | - J P Boerman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
The importance of 24-h metabolism in obesity-related metabolic disorders: opportunities for timed interventions. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:479-490. [PMID: 33235354 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Various metabolic processes in the body oscillate throughout the natural day, driven by a biological clock. Circadian rhythms are also influenced by time cues from the environment (light exposure) and behaviour (eating and exercise). Recent evidence from diurnal- and circadian-rhythm studies indicates rhythmicity in various circulating metabolites, insulin secretion and -sensitivity and energy expenditure in metabolically healthy adults. These rhythms have been shown to be disturbed in adults with obesity-related metabolic disturbances. Moreover, eating and being (in)active at a time that the body is not prepared for it, as in night-shift work, is related to poor metabolic outcomes. These findings indicate the relevance of 24-h metabolism in obesity-related metabolic alterations and have also led to novel strategies, such as timing of food intake and exercise, to reinforce the circadian rhythm and thereby improving metabolic health. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the influence of the circadian system on metabolic processes and obesity-related metabolic disturbances and to discuss novel time-based strategies that may be helpful in combating metabolic disease.
Collapse
|
116
|
Beneficial effects of daytime high-intensity light exposure on daily rhythms, metabolic state and affect. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19782. [PMID: 33188227 PMCID: PMC7666121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the importance of the circadian system to health and well-being is extensively studied, the role of daylight exposure in these interactions is relatively poorly understood. Here we show, using a diurnal animal model naturally exposed to daylight, that daily morning exposure to 3000 lux, full spectrum electric light has beneficial health effects. Compared with controls, sand rats (Psammomys obesus) subjected to morning light treatment demonstrate daily rhythms with high peak to trough difference in activity, blood glucose levels and per2 gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, pre-frontal cortex, kidney and liver. The treated animals were also healthier, being normoglycemic, having higher glucose tolerance, lower body and heart weight and lower anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Our results suggest that exposure to high intensity light is important for the proper function of the circadian system and well-being, and are important in face of human's low exposure to daylight and extensive use of artificial light at night.
Collapse
|
117
|
Liu XN, Naduvilath TJ, Wang J, Xiong S, He X, Xu X, Sankaridurg PR. Sleeping late is a risk factor for myopia development amongst school-aged children in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17194. [PMID: 33057123 PMCID: PMC7566837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myopia, a leading cause of distance vision impairment, is projected to affect half of the world's population in 30 years. We analysed the relationship between certain demographic, environmental, and behavioural factors and myopia from a 2-year school-based, prospective trial conducted in Shanghai, China. This trial enrolled 6295 school-aged children at baseline and followed them up for 24 months. The relationship between abovementioned factors and myopia was examined and the role of sleep in childhood myopia development was highlighted. Our results suggest that 'sleeping late' is a risk factor for myopia prevalence at baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, p = 0.04), 2-year myopia incidence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, p = 0.02) and progression over 24 months (p = 0.005), after adjusting for residency area, age, gender, sleep duration, and time spent outdoors. The identification and consistency of results with late sleepers being a susceptible group to both myopia onset and progression suggests a complex relationship between circadian rhythm, indoor environment, habitual indoor activities and myopia development and progression. These results can offer new insights to future myopia aetiology studies as well as aid in decision-making of myopia prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Nicole Liu
- Brien Holden Vision Institute Limited, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Thomas John Naduvilath
- Brien Holden Vision Institute Limited, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangui He
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Padmaja R Sankaridurg
- Brien Holden Vision Institute Limited, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
The Effects of Circadian Rhythm Disruption on Mental Health and Physiological Responses among Shift Workers and General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197156. [PMID: 33007836 PMCID: PMC7579294 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: The effect of circadian disruption on the bio-psychological clock system has been widely studied. However, the mechanism and the association of circadian rhythm disruption with mental health and physiological responses are still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of circadian rhythm disruption on mental health and physiological responses among shift workers and the general population. Methods: A total of 42 subjects participated in this quasi-experimental study. Participants were divided into a group of shift workers (n = 20) and a general population group (n = 22). Polysomnography tests, blood tests (cortisol, triglycerides and glucose), and psychological tests (Abbreviated Profile of Mood States, General Health Questionnaire-28, Working Memory and Processing Speed Indexes of the Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale (WAIS-IV) were used to examine the effects of circadian rhythm disruption. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between circadian rhythm disruption and mood (r = 0.305, p < 0.05). The findings of this study also indicated that there was a significant effect of circadian rhythm disruption on mood (F(2,40) = 8.89, p < 0.001, η2 =0.182), processing speed (F(2,40) = 9.17, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.186) and working memory (F(2,40) = 4.963, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.11) in shift workers and the general population. Conclusions: Our findings showed that circadian rhythm disruption affects mood and cognitive performance, but it does not significantly affect psychological wellbeing and physiological responses. Future studies are warranted to examine moderator and mediator variables that could influence the circadian rhythm disruption.
Collapse
|
119
|
Aarrebo Jensen M, Hansen ÅM, Sallerup M, Odgaard Nielsen N, Schlünssen V, Helene Garde A. Acute effects of night work and meals on blood glucose levels. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1384-1391. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1824671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Aarrebo Jensen
- Department of Psychosocial Work Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Psychosocial Work Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Sallerup
- Department of Psychosocial Work Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Odgaard Nielsen
- Centre for Nutrition and Rehabilitation, University College Absalon, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Psychosocial Work Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Department of Psychosocial Work Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Alshehri MM, Alothman SA, Alenazi AM, Rucker JL, Phadnis MA, Miles JM, Siengsukon CF, Kluding PM. The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pilot RCT part II: diabetes health outcomes. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:136. [PMID: 32891140 PMCID: PMC7487570 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown the negative impact of sleep disturbances, specifically insomnia symptoms, on glucose metabolism for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). People with insomnia symptoms are at risk of poor glycemic control and suboptimal diabetes self-care behavior (DSCB). Investigating the impact of a safe and effective intervention for individuals with T2D and insomnia symptoms on diabetes' health outcomes is needed. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study is to examine the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) on glycemic control, DSCB, and fatigue. METHODS Twenty-eight participants with T2D and insomnia symptoms, after passing an eligibility criteria at a medical research center, were randomly assigned to CBT-I (n = 14) or Health Education (HE; n = 14). The CBT-I and HE groups received 6 weekly one-hour sessions. This Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) used a non-inferiority framework to test the effectiveness of CBT-I. Validated assessments were administered at baseline and post-intervention to assess glycemic control, DSCB, and fatigue. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was utilized to compare within-group changes from baseline to post-intervention. A Mann-Whitney test was utilized to measure the between-group differences. Linear regression was used to assess the association between the blood glucose level and the number of days in the CBT-I group. RESULTS The recruitment duration was from October 2018 to May 2019. A total of 13 participants completed the interventions in each group and are included in the final analysis. No adverse events, because of being a part of this RCT, were reported. CBT-I participants showed significantly greater improvement in glycemic control, DSCB, and fatigue. There was a significant association between the number of days in the CBT-I intervention with the blood glucose level before bedtime (B = -0.56, p = .009) and after awakening in the morning (B = -0.57, p = .007). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a clinically meaningful effect of CBT-I on glycemic control in people with T2D and insomnia symptoms. Also, CBT-I positively impacted daytime functioning, including DSCB and fatigue. Future research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of CBT-I on laboratory tests of glycemic control and to understand the underlying mechanisms of any improvements. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry ( NCT03713996 ). Retrospectively registered on 22 October 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alshehri
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 2002, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA.
- Physical Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaima A Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Princess Nora bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel M Alenazi
- Physical Therapy Department, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Central Region, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jason L Rucker
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 2002, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Milind A Phadnis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - John M Miles
- Endocrinology Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Catherine F Siengsukon
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 2002, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Patricia M Kluding
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 2002, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Linnaranta O, Bourguignon C, Crescenzi O, Sibthorpe D, Buyukkurt A, Steiger H, Storch KF. Late and Instable Sleep Phasing is Associated With Irregular Eating Patterns in Eating Disorders. Ann Behav Med 2020; 54:680-690. [PMID: 32211873 PMCID: PMC7459186 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are common in eating disorders (EDs). PURPOSE We evaluated whether sleep-phasing regularity associates with the regularity of daily eating events. METHODS ED patients (n = 29) completed hourly charts of mood and eating occasions for 2 weeks. Locomotor activity was recorded continuously by wrist actigraphy for a minimum of 10 days, and sleep was calculated based on periods of inactivity. We computed the center of daily inactivity (CenDI) as a measure of sleep phasing and consolidation of the daily inactivity (ConDI) as a measure of daily sleep rhythm strength. We assessed interday irregularities in the temporal structure of food intake using the standard deviation (SD) of frequency (IFRQ), timing (ITIM), and interval (IINT) of food intake. A self-evaluation of other characteristics included mood, anxiety, and early trauma. RESULTS A later phasing of sleep associated with a lower frequency of eating (eating frequency with the CenDI rho = -0.49, p = .007). The phasing and rhythmic strength of sleep correlated with the degree of eating irregularity (CenDI with ITIM rho = 0.48, p = .008 and with IINT rho = 0.56, p = .002; SD of CenDI with ITIM rho = 0.47, p = .010, and SD of ConDI with IINT rho = 0.37, p = .048). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire showed associations with variation of sleep onset (rho = -0.51, p = .005) and with IFRQ (rho = 0.43, p = .023). CONCLUSIONS Late and variable phasing of sleep associated robustly with irregular pattern of eating. Larger data sets are warranted to enable the analysis of diagnostic subgroups, current medication, and current symptomatology and to confirm the likely bidirectional association between eating pattern stability and the timing of sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Outi Linnaranta
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Clément Bourguignon
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivia Crescenzi
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Asli Buyukkurt
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Howard Steiger
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Eating Disorders Continuum, Douglas University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kai-Florian Storch
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Finger AM, Dibner C, Kramer A. Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2734-2769. [PMID: 32750151 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian clocks form a hierarchically organized network with a 'master clock' located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which ensures entrainment of subsidiary oscillators to environmental cycles. Robust rhythmicity of body clocks is indispensable for temporally coordinating organ functions, and the disruption or misalignment of circadian rhythms caused for instance by modern lifestyle is strongly associated with various widespread diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about the molecular architecture and system-level organization of mammalian circadian oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss the regulatory roles of peripheral clocks for cell and organ physiology and their implication in the temporal coordination of metabolism in human health and disease. Finally, we summarize methods for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
O'Donnell AJ, Prior KF, Reece SE. Host circadian clocks do not set the schedule for the within-host replication of malaria parasites. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200347. [PMID: 32781954 PMCID: PMC7575513 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks coordinate organisms' activities with daily cycles in their environment. Parasites are subject to daily rhythms in the within-host environment, resulting from clock-control of host activities, including immune responses. Parasites also exhibit rhythms in their activities: the timing of within-host replication by malaria parasites is coordinated to host feeding rhythms. Precisely which host feeding-related rhythm(s) parasites align with and how this is achieved are unknown. Understanding rhythmic replication in malaria parasites matters because it underpins disease symptoms and fuels transmission investment. We test if rhythmicity in parasite replication is coordinated with the host's feeding-related rhythms and/or rhythms driven by the host's canonical circadian clock. We find that parasite rhythms coordinate with the time of day that hosts feed in both wild-type and clock-mutant hosts, whereas parasite rhythms become dampened in clock-mutant hosts that eat continuously. Our results hold whether infections are initiated with synchronous or with desynchronized parasites. We conclude that malaria parasite replication is coordinated to rhythmic host processes that are independent of the core-clock proteins PERIOD 1 and 2; most likely, a periodic nutrient made available when the host digests food. Thus, novel interventions could disrupt parasite rhythms to reduce their fitness, without interference by host clock-controlled homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J O'Donnell
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kimberley F Prior
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E Reece
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Sharma A, Lee S, Kim H, Yoon H, Ha S, Kang SU. Molecular Crosstalk Between Circadian Rhythmicity and the Development of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:844. [PMID: 32848588 PMCID: PMC7424028 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have been shown to exhibit substantial interconnectedness with circadian rhythmicity. Alzheimer's patients exhibit high degradation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central endogenous circadian timekeeper, and Parkinson's patients have highly disrupted peripheral clock gene expression. Disrupted sleep patterns are highly evident in patients with neurodegenerative diseases; fragmented sleep has been shown to affect tau-protein accumulation in Alzheimer's patients, and rapid eye movement (REM) behavioral disorder is observed in a significant amount of Parkinson's patients. Although numerous studies exist analyzing the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and circadian rhythm function independently, molecular mechanisms establishing specific links between the two must be explored further. Thus, in this review, we explore the possible intersecting molecular mechanisms between circadian rhythm and neurodegeneration, with a particular focus on Parkinson's disease. We provide evidence for potential influences of E3 ligase and poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity on neurodegenerative pathology. The cellular stress and subsequent DNA damage signaling imposed by hyperactivity of these multiple molecular systems in addition to aberrant circadian rhythmicity lead to extensive protein aggregation such as α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (α-Syn PFFs), suggesting a specific molecular pathway linking circadian rhythmicity, PARP1/E3 ligase activity, and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arastu Sharma
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sehyun Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hoonseo Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hargsoon Yoon
- Neural Engineering and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Shinwon Ha
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sung Ung Kang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
van der Vinne V, Martin Burgos B, Harrington ME, Weaver DR. Deconstructing circadian disruption: Assessing the contribution of reduced peripheral oscillator amplitude on obesity and glucose intolerance in mice. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12654. [PMID: 32243642 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disturbing the circadian regulation of physiology by disruption of the rhythmic environment is associated with adverse health outcomes but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, the response of central and peripheral circadian clocks to an advance or delay of the light-dark cycle was determined in mice. This identified transient damping of peripheral clocks as a consequence of an advanced light-dark cycle. Similar depression of peripheral rhythm amplitude was observed in mice exposed to repeated phase shifts. To assess the metabolic consequences of such peripheral amplitude depression in isolation, temporally chimeric mice lacking a functional central clock (Vgat-Cre+ Bmal1fl/fl ) were housed in the absence of environmental rhythmicity. In vivo PER2::LUC bioluminescence imaging of anesthetized and freely moving mice revealed that this resulted in a state of peripheral amplitude depression, similar in severity to that observed transiently following an advance of the light-dark cycle. Surprisingly, our mice did not show alterations in body mass or glucose tolerance in males or females on regular or high-fat diets. Overall, our results identify transient damping of peripheral rhythm amplitude as a consequence of exposure to an advanced light-dark cycle but chronic damping of peripheral clocks in isolation is insufficient to induce adverse metabolic outcomes in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent van der Vinne
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | - David R Weaver
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Abstract
The temporal organization of molecular and physiological processes is driven by environmental and behavioral cycles as well as by self-sustained molecular circadian oscillators. Quantification of phase, amplitude, period, and disruption of circadian oscillators is essential for understanding their contribution to sleep-wake disorders, social jet lag, interindividual differences in entrainment, and the development of chrono-therapeutics. Traditionally, assessment of the human circadian system, and the output of the SCN in particular, has required collection of long time series of univariate markers such as melatonin or core body temperature. Data were collected in specialized laboratory protocols designed to control for environmental and behavioral influences on rhythmicity. These protocols are time-consuming, expensive, and not practical for assessing circadian status in patients or in participants in epidemiologic studies. Novel approaches for assessment of circadian parameters of the SCN or peripheral oscillators have been developed. They are based on machine learning or mathematical model-informed analyses of features extracted from 1 or a few samples of high-dimensional data, such as transcriptomes, metabolomes, long-term simultaneous recording of activity, light exposure, skin temperature, and heart rate or in vitro approaches. Here, we review whether these approaches successfully quantify parameters of central and peripheral circadian oscillators as indexed by gold standard markers. Although several approaches perform well under entrained conditions when sleep occurs at night, the methods either perform worse in other conditions such as shift work or they have not been assessed under any conditions other than entrainment and thus we do not yet know how robust they are. Novel approaches for the assessment of circadian parameters hold promise for circadian medicine, chrono-therapeutics, and chrono-epidemiology. There remains a need to validate these approaches against gold standard markers, in individuals of all sexes and ages, in patient populations, and, in particular, under conditions in which behavioral cycles are displaced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Surrey
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Chellappa SL. Circadian misalignment: A biological basis for mood vulnerability in shift work. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3846-3850. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Chellappa
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders Departments of Medicine and Neurology Medical Chronobiology Program Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
MondoA:MLX complex regulates glucose-dependent gene expression and links to circadian rhythm in liver and brain of the freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 473:203-216. [PMID: 32638259 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The wood frog, Rana sylvatica, is one of only a few vertebrate species that display natural freeze tolerance. Frogs survive the freezing of about two-thirds of their body water as extracellular ice over the winter months. Multiple adaptations support freeze tolerance including metabolic rate depression and the production of huge amounts of glucose (often 200 mM or more) as a cryoprotectant that protects cells from freeze damage. To understand how high glucose levels affect gene expression, we studied MondoA, a glucose sensing transcription factor, and its partner MLX (Max-like protein) to assess their ability to modulate the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism and circadian rhythm. Wood frog liver and brain tissues were analyzed, assessing protein levels, nuclear distribution, and DNA binding activity of MondoA:MLX during freezing (24 h at - 2.5 °C) and subsequent thawing (8 h returned to 5 °C), as compared with 5 °C controls. Downstream targets of MondoA:MLX were also evaluated: TXNIP (thioredoxin interacting protein), ARRDC4 (arrestin domain containing 4), HK-2 (hexokinase-2), PFKFB-3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase isozyme 3) and KLF-10 (Kruppel-like factor-10). Both KLF-10 and PFKFB-3 are also involved in circadian dependant regulation which was also explored in the current study via analysis of BMAL-1 (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1) and CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) proteins. Our data establish the MondoA-MLX complex as active under the hyperglycemic conditions in liver to regulate glucose metabolism and may also link to circadian rhythm in liver via KLF-10 and PFKFB-3 but not in brain.
Collapse
|
129
|
Hoddy KK, Marlatt KL, Çetinkaya H, Ravussin E. Intermittent Fasting and Metabolic Health: From Religious Fast to Time-Restricted Feeding. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S29-S37. [PMID: 32700827 PMCID: PMC7419159 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 10 to 15 years, intermittent fasting has emerged as an unconventional approach to reduce body weight and improve metabolic health beyond simple calorie restriction. In this review, we summarize findings related to Ramadan and Sunnah fasting. We then discuss the role of caloric restriction not only as an intervention for weight control, but importantly, as a strategy for healthy aging and longevity. Finally, we review the four most common intermittent fasting (IF) strategies used to date for weight management and to improve cardiometabolic health. Weight loss is common after IF but does not appear to be different than daily caloric restriction when compared directly. IF may also provide additional cardiometabolic benefit, such as insulin sensitization, that is independent from weight loss. While no specific fasting regimen stands out as superior at this time, there is indeed heterogeneity in responses to these different IF diets. This suggests that one dietary regimen may not be ideally suited for every individual. Future studies should consider strategies for tailoring dietary prescriptions, including IF, based on advanced phenotyping and genotyping prior to diet initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K. Hoddy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Kara L. Marlatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Hatice Çetinkaya
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Muilwijk M, Stenvers DJ, Nicolaou M, Kalsbeek A, van Valkengoed IG. Behavioral Circadian Timing System Disruptors and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Nonshift Working Multiethnic Population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S55-S62. [PMID: 32438513 PMCID: PMC7496413 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe distributions of behavioral circadian disruptors in a free-living setting among a nonshift working multiethnic population, estimate the associated risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and determine whether disruptors account for ethnic differences in T2D. METHODS Participants from six ethnic groups were included (Amsterdam, the Netherlands; n = 1,347-3,077 per group). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate ethnic differences in disruptors, such as skipping breakfast, eating erratically, and sleep duration. Associations between disruptors and incident T2D and the interaction by ethnicity were studied by Cox regression. RESULTS Ethnic minority populations skipped breakfast more often, timed meals differently, had longer periods of fasting, ate more erratically, and had more short/long sleep durations than the Dutch. Night snacking from 4 am to 6 am (HR: 5.82; 95% CI: 1.42-23.91) and both short (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.12) and long sleep (HR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.54-6.22), but no other disruptors, were associated with T2D. The higher T2D risk among ethnic minority populations compared with Dutch did not decrease after adjustment for last snack or length of sleep. CONCLUSIONS Although prevalence of circadian disruptors was higher among ethnic minority populations and some disruptors were associated with T2D, disruptors did not account for ethnic differences in T2D risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirthe Muilwijk
- Department of Public HealthAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public HealthAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Irene G.M. van Valkengoed
- Department of Public HealthAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Effect of Morning vs. Evening Turmeric Consumption on Urine Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Obese, Middle-Aged Adults: A Feasibility Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114088. [PMID: 32521782 PMCID: PMC7312995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of biological systems is an important consideration in developing health interventions. The immune and oxidative defense systems exhibit circadian periodicity, with an anticipatory increase in activity coincident with the onset of the active period. Spice consumption is associated with enhanced oxidative defense. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a protocol, comparing the effects of morning vs. evening consumption of turmeric on urine markers of oxidative stress in obese, middle-aged adults. Using a within-sample design, participants received each of four clock time x treatment administrations, each separated by one week: morning turmeric; evening turmeric; morning control; evening control. Participants prepared for each lab visit by consuming a low-antioxidant diet for two days and fasting for 12 h. Urine was collected in the lab at baseline and one-hour post-meal and at home for the following five hours. The results showed that the processes were successful in executing the protocol and collecting the measurements and that participants understood and adhered to the instructions. The findings also revealed that the spice treatment did not elicit the expected antioxidant effect and that the six-hour post-treatment urine collection period did not detect differences in urine endpoints across treatments. This feasibility study revealed that modifications to the spice treatment and urine sampling timeline are needed before implementing a larger study.
Collapse
|
132
|
Toyoura M, Miike T, Tajima S, Matsuzawa S, Konishi Y. Inadequate sleep as a contributor to impaired glucose tolerance: A cross-sectional study in children, adolescents, and young adults with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder. Pediatr Diabetes 2020; 21:557-564. [PMID: 32134542 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation and circadian disruption are associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and hyperglycemia. It is uncertain whether circadian sleep-wake disorder (CRSWD), which relates to both the homeostatic sleep system and the circadian timing system, affects glycemic regulation and insulin secretion. We aimed to examine the associations among sleep duration, sleep architecture or circadian rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle, and glucose metabolism in children, adolescents, and young adults with CRSWD. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study of 124 patients with CRSWD took place at Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center in Hyogo, Japan. The patients underwent a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test, anthropometric measurements, sleep-log analyses, and polysomnography. Analysis of covariance models were used to assess the association between sleep architecture or circadian rhythm of sleep-wake cycle and glucose/insulin homeostasis, adjusted for confounding variables such as age, gender, standardized body mass index, and sleep apnea index. RESULTS Impaired glucose tolerance was detected in 25.8% of all patients with CRSWD. After adjustment for confounding variables, we found a negative association between total sleep time (TST) and the 2-hour plasma glucose level. Stage N1 (%TST) was also a significant predictor of 3-hour glucose level. However, we did not detect an association between circadian rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle and glucose/insulin measures. CONCLUSIONS Decreased sleep duration and increased stage N1 (%TST) were associated with hyperglycemia in patients with CRSWD. Further research should elucidate how circadian misalignment in patients with CRSWD is associated with glucose and insulin homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Toyoura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Miike
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiki Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Yukuo Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Malik DM, Paschos GK, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Circadian and Sleep Metabolomics Across Species. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3578-3610. [PMID: 32376454 PMCID: PMC7781158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Under normal circadian function, metabolic control is temporally coordinated across tissues and behaviors with a 24-h period. However, circadian disruption results in negative consequences for metabolic homeostasis including energy or redox imbalances. Yet, circadian disruption has become increasingly prevalent within today's society due to many factors including sleep loss. Metabolic consequences of both have been revealed by metabolomics analyses of circadian biology and sleep. Specifically, two primary analytical platforms, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have been used to study molecular clock and sleep influences on overall metabolic rhythmicity. For example, human studies have demonstrated the prevalence of metabolic rhythms in human biology, as well as pan-metabolome consequences of sleep disruption. However, human studies are limited to peripheral metabolic readouts primarily through minimally invasive procedures. For further tissue- and organism-specific investigations, a number of model systems have been studied, based upon the conserved nature of both the molecular clock and sleep across species. Here we summarize human studies as well as key findings from metabolomics studies using mice, Drosophila, and zebrafish. While informative, a limitation in existing literature is a lack of interpretation regarding dynamic synthesis or catabolism within metabolite pools. To this extent, future work incorporating isotope tracers, specific metabolite reporters, and single-cell metabolomics may provide a means of exploring dynamic activity in pathways of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dania M Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Georgios K Paschos
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Penn Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
de Sousa Nogueira Freitas L, da Silva FR, Andrade HDA, Guerreiro RC, Paulo FV, de Mello MT, Silva A. Sleep debt induces skeletal muscle injuries in athletes: A promising hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109836. [PMID: 32422497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is a physiological state and it is fundamental for physical and cognitive recovery of athletes. Due to strenuous training and competitions, athletes may present sleep complaints compromising good quality and quantity of sleep. Studies have related sleep debt to the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries in athletes, but the mechanisms that can lead to this are not entirely clear. Studies involving animals and humans have shown that poor sleep quality can cause significant changes in hormones and cytokines. Demonstrating that this hormones changes lead to a decrease of testosterone and growth hormone levels and increased cortisol levels, important hormones in the process of protein synthesis and degradation. In athletes, the sport itself is a risk factor of injuries, and sleep debt may result in overtraining syndrome associated with inflammatory markers and ultimately to immune system dysfunction. Thus, we hypothesize that athletes who have sleep debt are more susceptible to musculoskeletal injuries due to increased catabolic pathway signaling, i.e. protein degradation and decreased anabolic pathway signaling, compromising muscle integrity. In this sense, we indicate the relationship between musculoskeletal injuries and sleep debt involving new targets for immunological signaling pathways that start the reduction of the muscle recovery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Carvalho Guerreiro
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viegas Paulo
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Teo SYM, Kanaley JA, Guelfi KJ, Fairchild TJ. Response. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:1236. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
136
|
Kessler K, Gerl MJ, Hornemann S, Damm M, Klose C, Petzke KJ, Kemper M, Weber D, Rudovich N, Grune T, Simons K, Kramer A, Pfeiffer AFH, Pivovarova-Ramich O. Shotgun Lipidomics Discovered Diurnal Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Linked to Insulin Sensitivity in Nondiabetic Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5611334. [PMID: 31680138 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Meal timing affects metabolic homeostasis and body weight, but how composition and timing of meals affect plasma lipidomics in humans is not well studied. OBJECTIVE We used high throughput shotgun plasma lipidomics to investigate effects of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on lipid metabolism and its relation to glycemic control. DESIGN 29 nondiabetic men consumed (1) a high-carb test meal (MTT-HC) at 09.00 and a high-fat meal (MTT-HF) at 15.40; or (2) MTT-HF at 09.00 and MTT-HC at 15.40. Blood was sampled before and 180 minutes after completion of each MTT. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was collected after overnight fast and both MTTs. Prior to each investigation day, participants consumed a 4-week isocaloric diet of the same composition: (1) high-carb meals until 13.30 and high-fat meals between 16.30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order. RESULTS 12 hour daily lipid patterns showed a complex regulation by both the time of day (67.8%) and meal composition (55.4%). A third of lipids showed a diurnal variation in postprandial responses to the same meal with mostly higher responses in the morning than in the afternoon. Triacylglycerols containing shorter and more saturated fatty acids were enriched in the morning. SAT transcripts involved in fatty acid synthesis and desaturation showed no diurnal variation. Diurnal changes of 7 lipid classes were negatively associated with insulin sensitivity, but not with glucose and insulin response or insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS This study identified postprandial plasma lipid profiles as being strongly affected by meal timing and associated with insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kessler
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Silke Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus J Petzke
- Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kai Simons
- Lipotype GmbH, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Reseach Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Qian J, Scheer FA, Hu K, Shea SA. The circadian system modulates the rate of recovery of systolic blood pressure after exercise in humans. Sleep 2020; 43:zsz253. [PMID: 31616941 PMCID: PMC7157188 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Recovery rates of systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) after exercise have been used to assess cardiovascular fitness, and slower recovery rates are predictors of coronary heart disease and cardiac mortality. The endogenous circadian system is known to modulate BP and HR at rest and during exercise. Here, we examined whether the post-exercise recovery rates of BP and HR are also under circadian control. METHODS Twelve healthy adults (mean age = 26 ± 6 (SD) years; 6 female) participated in a 240 h forced desynchrony protocol in dim light where all behaviors, including 15 min cycle exercise tests at 60% maximal HR, were uniformly distributed across the circadian cycle. Circadian phases were assigned based on the rhythm of core body temperature. For each session, HR was measured continuously, and BP every 3-5 min throughout baseline, exercise, and recovery. Recovery was quantified as the proportional return to pre-exercise baseline levels following exercise ([peak exercise-recovery]/[peak exercise-baseline) × 100%], whereby 100% represents full recovery to baseline). RESULTS There was a significant circadian rhythm in systolic BP recovery, with fastest recovery at the circadian phase corresponding to late afternoon (equivalent to ~5 pm) and slower recovery across the early morning (~8:30 am; p = 0.029, peak-to-trough: 9.2%). There were no significant circadian variations in post-exercise recovery rates of diastolic BP or HR. CONCLUSIONS The circadian system modulates the rate of recovery of systolic BP after exercise with fastest recovery in the biological afternoon. These data could have implications for exercise prescription and interpretation of clinical tests of stress recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank Ajl Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kun Hu
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Held NM, Wefers J, van Weeghel M, Daemen S, Hansen J, Vaz FM, van Moorsel D, Hesselink MKC, Houtkooper RH, Schrauwen P. Skeletal muscle in healthy humans exhibits a day-night rhythm in lipid metabolism. Mol Metab 2020; 37:100989. [PMID: 32272236 PMCID: PMC7217992 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human energy metabolism is under the regulation of the molecular circadian clock; we recently reported that mitochondrial respiration displays a day-night rhythm under study conditions that are similar to real life. Mitochondria are interconnected with lipid droplets, which are of importance in fuel utilization and play a role in muscle insulin sensitivity. Here, we investigated if skeletal muscle lipid content and composition also display day-night rhythmicity in healthy, lean volunteers. METHODS Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from 12 healthy lean male volunteers every 5 h over a 24 h period. Volunteers were provided with standardized meals, and biopsies were taken 4.5 h after each last meal. Lipid droplet size and number were investigated by confocal microscopy. Additionally, the muscle lipidome was assessed using UPLC/HRMS-based semi-targeted lipidomics. RESULTS Confocal microscopy revealed diurnal differences in intramyocellular lipid content (P < 0.05) and lipid droplet size in oxidative type 1 muscle fibers (P < 0.01). Lipidomics analysis revealed that 13% of all detected lipids displayed significant day-night rhythmicity. The most rhythmic lipid species were glycerophospholipids and diacylglycerols (DAG), with the latter being the largest fraction (>50% of all rhythmic species). DAG levels showed a day-night pattern with a trough at 1 PM and a peak at 4 AM. CONCLUSIONS Using two distinct methods, our findings show that myocellular lipid content and whole muscle lipid composition vary across the day-night cycle under normal living conditions. In particular, day-night rhythmicity was present in over half of the DAG lipid species. Future studies are needed to investigate whether rhythmicity in DAG is functionally related to insulin sensitivity and how this might be altered in prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ntsiki M Held
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jakob Wefers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Daemen
- Diabetes Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jan Hansen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk van Moorsel
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Ding L, Xiao XH. Gut microbiota: closely tied to the regulation of circadian clock in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:817-825. [PMID: 32106122 PMCID: PMC7147650 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide epidemic disease, has caused tremendous economic and social burden, but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. Nowadays, the impact of unrhythmic circadian clock caused by irregular sleep and unhealthy diet on T2DM has be increasingly studied. However, the contribution of the endogenous circadian clock system to the development of T2DM has not yet been satisfactorily explored. It is now becoming clear that the gut microbiota and the circadian clock interact with each other to regulate the host metabolism. Considering all these above, we reviewed the literature related to the gut microbiota, circadian clock, and T2DM to elucidate the idea that the gut microbiota is closely tied to the regulation of the circadian clock in the development of T2DM, which provides potential for gut microbiota-directed therapies to ameliorate the effects of circadian disruptions linked to the occurrence and development of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Carroll HA, Chen Y, Templeman IS, Wharton P, Reeves S, Trim WV, Chowdhury EA, Brunstrom JM, Rogers PJ, Thompson D, James LJ, Johnson L, Betts JA. Effect of Plain Versus Sugar-Sweetened Breakfast on Energy Balance and Metabolic Health: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:740-748. [PMID: 32108442 PMCID: PMC7154643 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of 3 weeks of high-sugar ("Sweet") versus low-sugar ("Plain") breakfast on energy balance, metabolic health, and appetite. METHODS A total of 29 healthy adults (22 women) completed this randomized crossover study. Participants had pre- and postintervention appetite, health, and body mass outcomes measured, and they recorded diet, appetite (visual analogue scales), and physical activity for 8 days during each intervention. Interventions were 3 weeks of isoenergetic Sweet (30% by weight added sugar; average 32 g of sugar) versus Plain (no added sugar; average 8 g of sugar) porridge-based breakfasts. RESULTS Pre- to postintervention changes in body mass were similar between Plain (Δ 0.1 kg; 95% CI: -0.3 to 0.5 kg) and Sweet (Δ 0.2 kg; 95% CI: -0.2 to 0.5 kg), as were pre- to postintervention changes for biomarkers of health (all P ≥ 0.101) and psychological appetite (all P ≥ 0.152). Energy, fat, and protein intake was not statistically different between conditions. Total carbohydrate intake was higher during Sweet (287 ± 82 g/d vs. 256 ± 73 g/d; P = 0.009), driven more by higher sugar intake at breakfast (116 ± 46 g/d vs. 88 ± 38 g/d; P < 0.001) than post-breakfast sugar intake (Sweet 84 ± 42 g/d vs. Plain 80 ± 37 g/d; P = 0.552). Participants reported reduced sweet desire immediately after Sweet but not Plain breakfasts (trial × time P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Energy balance, health markers, and appetite did not respond differently to 3 weeks of high- or low-sugar breakfasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet A. Carroll
- Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
- Rowett InstituteUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Yung‐Chih Chen
- Department of Physical EducationNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning ScienceNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Phoebe Wharton
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Sue Reeves
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Peter J. Rogers
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Lewis J. James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Laura Johnson
- School for Policy StudiesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Clemmensen KKB, Quist JS, Vistisen D, Witte DR, Jonsson A, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holst JJ, Lauritzen T, Jørgensen ME, Torekov S, Færch K. Role of fasting duration and weekday in incretin and glucose regulation. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:279-288. [PMID: 32163918 PMCID: PMC7159259 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fasting duration has been associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels, but higher 2-h post-load levels, and research has indicated an adverse effect of 'weekend behavior' on human metabolism. We investigated associations of fasting duration and weekday of examination with glucose, insulin, glucagon and incretin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This cross-sectional study is based on data from the ADDITION-PRO study, where 2082 individuals attended a health examination including an OGTT. Linear regression analysis was applied to study the associations of overnight fasting duration and day of the week with glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to an OGTT. We found that a 1 h longer fasting duration was associated with 1.7% (95% CI: 0.8,2.5) higher 2-h glucose levels, as well as a 3.0% (95% CI: 1.3,4.7) higher GIP and 2.3% (95% CI: 0.3,4.4) higher GLP-1 response. Fasting insulin levels were 20.6% (95% CI: 11.2,30.7) higher on Mondays compared to the other weekdays, with similar fasting glucose levels (1.7%, 95% CI: 0.0,3.4). In this study, longer overnight fasting duration was associated with a worsening of glucose tolerance and increased incretin response to oral glucose. We found higher fasting insulin levels on Mondays compared to the other days of the week, potentially indicating a worsened glucose regulation after the weekend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim K B Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Correspondence should be addressed to K K Clemmensen:
| | - Jonas S Quist
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Dorte Vistisen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Jonsson
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Torekov
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Kumar M, Maqbool S. Memory improvement by modafinil at cost of metabolic hazards? A study to decipher the benefits and risks of modafinil in rats. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:106-115. [PMID: 32126242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modafinil is approved for narcolepsy and achieved high success in off-label indications in memory-related disorders. However, chronic indiscriminate use of modafinil imposes several health hazards like hyperglycaemia, obesity and metabolic syndrome, owing to impairment of sleep-wake cycle, circadian-rhythm, and neurotransmission. The present protocol elucidates the effects of modafinil per se and diabetic complications apropos. METHODS Modafinil (100 and 200 mg/kg) was administered in rats from day 5-26. To induce type-2 diabetes, streptozotocin (STZ) was given on day 1, and blood glucose assessed on day 5. CPP (combination propranolol and phentolamine) was administered to antagonize sympathetic activity. After evaluation of cognitive functions, serum lipid profile, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were assessed. RESULTS Subacute dosing of modafinil significantly elevated blood glucose levels, albeit considerably less than diabetic group, and attenuated brain oxidative stress and AChE activity. Modafinil caused significant dyslipidaemia, increased body weight, whereas modestly altered abdominal circumference (AC) and thoracic circumference (TC) in rats. Significant hyperglycaemia, derangement of serum lipid-profile, brain lipid peroxidation, cholinergic hypofunction, and decrease in body weight and ACTC was noted in diabetic rats. Modafinil (100 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, however, attenuated oxidative stress and AChE activity in diabetic rats. Modafinil increased short-term (working) memory but not long-term spatial memory in normal and diabetic rats. CPP infusion attenuated these effects of modafinil. CONCLUSION Subacute dosing of modafinil differentially modulates long-term and short-term memory subtypes, and also predisposes towards metabolic derangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai (Rajpura), Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Shahnawaz Maqbool
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai (Rajpura), Punjab, 140401, India
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Mason IC, Qian J, Adler GK, Scheer FAJL. Impact of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism: implications for type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:462-472. [PMID: 31915891 PMCID: PMC7002226 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system generates endogenous rhythms of approximately 24 h, the synchronisation of which are vital for healthy bodily function. The timing of many physiological processes, including glucose metabolism, are coordinated by the circadian system, and circadian disruptions that desynchronise or misalign these rhythms can result in adverse health outcomes. In this review, we cover the role of the circadian system and its disruption in glucose metabolism in healthy individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We begin by defining circadian rhythms and circadian disruption and then we provide an overview of circadian regulation of glucose metabolism. We next discuss the impact of circadian disruptions on glucose control and type 2 diabetes. Given the concurrent high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and circadian disruption, understanding the mechanisms underlying the impact of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism may aid in improving glycaemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy C Mason
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail K Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Garaulet M, Qian J, Florez JC, Arendt J, Saxena R, Scheer FAJL. Melatonin Effects on Glucose Metabolism: Time To Unlock the Controversy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:192-204. [PMID: 31901302 PMCID: PMC7349733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a revival of interest in the hormone melatonin, partly attributable to the discovery that genetic variation in MTNR1B - the melatonin receptor gene - is a risk factor for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite intensive investigation, there is considerable confusion and seemingly conflicting data on the metabolic effects of melatonin and MTNR1B variation, and disagreement on whether melatonin is metabolically beneficial or deleterious, a crucial issue for melatonin agonist/antagonist drug development and dosing time. We provide a conceptual framework - anchored in the dimension of 'time' - to reconcile paradoxical findings in the literature. We propose that the relative timing between elevated melatonin concentrations and glycemic challenge should be considered to better understand the mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities of melatonin signaling in glycemic health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Richa Saxena
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Henry CJ, Kaur B, Quek RYC. Chrononutrition in the management of diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:6. [PMID: 32075959 PMCID: PMC7031264 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h cycles regulated by endogeneous molecular oscillators called the circadian clock. The effects of diet on circadian rhythmicity clearly involves a relationship between factors such as meal timings and nutrients, known as chrononutrition. Chrononutrition is influenced by an individual's "chronotype", whereby "evening chronotypes" or also termed "later chronotype" who are biologically driven to consume foods later in the day. Research in this area has suggested that time of day is indicative of having an influence on the postprandial glucose response to a meal, therefore having a major effect on type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional and experimental studies have shown the benefits of consuming meals early in the day than in the evening on postprandial glycaemia. Modifying the macronutrient composition of night meals, by increasing protein and fat content, has shown to be a simple strategy to improve postprandial glycaemia. Low glycaemic index (GI) foods eaten in the morning improves glycaemic response to a greater effect than when consumed at night. Timing of fat and protein (including amino acids) co-ingested with carbohydrate foods, such as bread and rice, can reduce glycaemic response. The order of food presentation also has considerable potential in reducing postprandial blood glucose (consuming vegetables first, followed by meat and then lastly rice). These practical recommendations could be considered as strategies to improve glycaemic control, rather than focusing on the nutritional value of a meal alone, to optimize dietary patterns of diabetics. It is necessary to further elucidate this fascinating area of research to understand the circadian system and its implications on nutrition that may ultimately reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore, Department of Biochemistry, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
| | - Bhupinder Kaur
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Rina Yu Chin Quek
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Dashti HS, Vetter C, Lane JM, Smith MC, Wood AR, Weedon MN, Rutter MK, Garaulet M, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Assessment of MTNR1B Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Risk Modification by Shift Work and Morningness-Eveningness Preference in the UK Biobank. Diabetes 2020; 69:259-266. [PMID: 31757795 PMCID: PMC6971490 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Night shift work, behavioral rhythms, and the common MTNR1B risk single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10830963, associate with type 2 diabetes; however, whether they exert joint effects to exacerbate type 2 diabetes risk is unknown. Among employed participants of European ancestry in the UK Biobank (N = 189,488), we aimed to test the cross-sectional independent associations and joint interaction effects of these risk factors on odds of type 2 diabetes (n = 5,042 cases) and HbA1c levels (n = 175,156). Current shift work, definite morning or evening preference, and MTNR1B rs10830963 risk allele associated with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c levels. The effect of rs10830963 was not modified by shift work schedules. While marginal evidence of interaction between self-reported morningness-eveningness preference and rs10830963 on risk of type 2 diabetes was seen, this interaction did not persist when analysis was expanded to include all participants regardless of employment status and when accelerometer-derived sleep midpoint was used as an objective measure of morningness-eveningness preference. Our findings suggest that MTNR1B risk allele carriers who carry out shift work or have more extreme morningness-eveningness preference may not have enhanced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Céline Vetter
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matt C Smith
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
- Manchester Diabetes Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Suarez-Trujillo A, Wernert G, Sun H, Steckler TS, Huff K, Cummings S, Franco J, Klopp RN, Townsend JR, Grott M, Johnson JS, Plaut K, Boerman JP, Casey TM. Exposure to chronic light-dark phase shifts during the prepartum nonlactating period attenuates circadian rhythms, decreases blood glucose, and increases milk yield in the subsequent lactation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2784-2799. [PMID: 31980225 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining metabolic balance is a key factor in the health of dairy cattle during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Little is known regarding the role of the circadian timing system in the regulation of physiological changes during the transition period. We hypothesized that disruption of the cow's circadian timing system by exposure to chronic light-dark phase shifts during the prepartum period would negatively affect the regulation of homeostasis and cause metabolic disturbances, leading to reduced milk production in the subsequent lactation. The objective was to determine the effect of exposure to chronic light-dark phase shift during the last 5 wk prepartum of the nonlactating dry period on core body temperature, melatonin, blood glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, and milk production. Multiparous cows were moved to tiestalls at 5 wk before expected calving and assigned to control (CTR; n = 16) or phase-shifted (PS; n = 16) treatments. Control cows were exposed to 16 h of light and 8 h of dark. Phase-shifted cows were exposed to the same photoperiod; however, the light-dark cycle was shifted 6 h every 3 d until parturition. Resting behavior and feed intake were recorded daily. Core body temperature was recorded vaginally for 48 h at 23 and 9 d before expected calving using calibrated data loggers. Blood concentrations of melatonin, glucose, BHB, and NEFA were measured during the pre- and postpartum periods. Milk yield and composition were measured through 60 DIM. Treatment did not affect feed intake or body condition. Cosine fit analysis of 24-h core body temperature and circulating melatonin indicated attenuation of circadian rhythms in the PS treatment compared with the CTR treatment. Phase-shifted cows had lower rest consolidation, as indicated by more total resting time, but shorter resting period durations. Phase-shifted cows had lower blood glucose concentration compared with CTR cows (4 mg/mL decrease), but BHB and NEFA concentrations were similar between PS and CTR cows. Milk yield and milk fat yield were greater in PS compared with CTR cows (2.8 kg/d increase). Thus, exposure to chronic light-dark phase shifts during the prepartum period attenuated circadian rhythms of core body temperature, melatonin, and rest-activity behavior and was associated with increased milk fat and milk yield in the postpartum period despite decreased blood glucose pre- and postpartum. Therefore, less variation in central circadian rhythms may create a more constant milieu that supports the onset of lactogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace Wernert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Tabitha S Steckler
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Katelyn Huff
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Shelby Cummings
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jackeline Franco
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Rebecca N Klopp
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jonathan R Townsend
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Michael Grott
- Animal Sciences Research and Education Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - Jay S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Karen Plaut
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | | | - Theresa M Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Sletten TL, Cappuccio FP, Davidson AJ, Van Cauter E, Rajaratnam SMW, Scheer FAJL. Health consequences of circadian disruption. Sleep 2020; 43:5699236. [PMID: 31930347 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Sletten
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Alec J Davidson
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Vetter C. Circadian disruption: What do we actually mean? Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:531-550. [PMID: 30402904 PMCID: PMC6504624 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system regulates physiology and behavior. Acute challenges to the system, such as those experienced when traveling across time zones, will eventually result in re-synchronization to local environmental time cues, but this re-synchronization is oftentimes accompanied by adverse short-term consequences. When such challenges are experienced chronically, adaptation may not be achieved, as for example in the case of rotating night shift workers. The transient and chronic disturbance of the circadian system is most frequently referred to as "circadian disruption", but many other terms have been proposed and used to refer to similar situations. It is now beyond doubt that the circadian system contributes to health and disease, emphasizing the need for clear terminology when describing challenges to the circadian system and their consequences. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the terms used to describe disruption of the circadian system, discuss proposed quantifications of disruption in experimental and observational settings with a focus on human research, and highlight limitations and challenges of currently available tools. For circadian research to advance as a translational science, clear, operationalizable, and scalable quantifications of circadian disruption are key, as they will enable improved assessment and reproducibility of results, ideally ranging from mechanistic settings, including animal research, to large-scale randomized clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Ye L, Gu W, Chen Y, Li X, Shi J, Lv A, Hu J, Zhang R, Liu R, Hong J, Wang J, Zhang Y. The impact of shift work on glycemic characteristics assessed by CGM and its association with metabolic indices in non-diabetic subjects. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:53-61. [PMID: 31240398 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the glycemic characteristics of non-diabetic shift workers and associations with metabolic indices. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 450 non-diabetic males, including 238 shift workers, aged 23-58 years, were recruited after a screening oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples and anthropometric data were collected. Hundred and fifty of them finished a continuous glucose monitoring for 3-7 days. RESULTS Compared to daytime workers, shift workers presented with larger WHR (p < 0.001), higher HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), higher hs-CRP level (p < 0.001) and worse lipid profiles. In glycemic characteristics, shift workers with normal glucose regulation had a similar mean blood glucose (MBG), daytime MBG, percentage of time of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, euglycemia, and fluctuation parameters, including standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) and mean of daily differences (p > 0.05, respectively), while they had a higher nighttime MBG (p = 0.026) and blood glucose (BG) at 3 a.m. (p = 0.015). For subjects with impaired glucose regulation, both groups had no difference in any clinical characteristics or glycemic parameters (p > 0.05, respectively). Further regression analysis revealed the association between MBG/SDBG/MAGE/nighttime MBG/BG at 3 a.m. and age/WHR/hs-CRP/TC. CONCLUSION For non-diabetic shift workers, the glycemic characteristic was the elevated nighttime glycemia, presented as higher nighttime MBG and BG at 3 a.m. And both metrics were closely associated with central obesity. Elevated nighttime glycemia was an early signal of glucose metabolism disorder in shift workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ankang Lv
- Physical Examination Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfen Hu
- SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|