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Chen J, Wang P, de Graaf BHJ, Zhang H, Jiao H, Tang C, Zhang S, Wu J. Phosphatidic Acid Counteracts S-RNase Signaling in Pollen by Stabilizing the Actin Cytoskeleton. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1023-1039. [PMID: 29716992 PMCID: PMC6002197 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
S-RNase is the female determinant of self-incompatibility (SI) in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). After translocation to the pollen tube, S-RNase degrades rRNA and induces pollen tube death in an S-haplotype-specific manner. In this study, we found that the actin cytoskeleton is a target of P. bretschneideri S-RNase (PbrS-RNase) and uncovered a mechanism that involves phosphatidic acid (PA) and protects the pollen tube from PbrS-RNase cytotoxicity. PbrS-RNase interacts directly with PbrActin1 in an S-haplotype-independent manner, causing the actin cytoskeleton to depolymerize and promoting programmed cell death in the self-incompatible pollen tube. Pro-156 of PbrS-RNase is essential for the PbrS-RNase-PbrActin1 interaction, and the actin cytoskeleton-depolymerizing function of PbrS-RNase does not require its RNase activity. PbrS-RNase cytotoxicity enhances the expression of phospholipase D (PbrPLDδ1), resulting in increased PA levels in the incompatible pollen tube. PbrPLDδ1-derived PA initially prevents depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton elicited by PbrS-RNase and delays the SI signaling that leads to pollen tube death. This work provides insights into the orchestration of the S-RNase-based SI response, in which increased PA levels initially play a protective role in incompatible pollen, until sustained PbrS-RNase activity reaches the point of no return and pollen tube growth ceases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Chen
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Barend H J de Graaf
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huijun Jiao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Fontaine BM, Martin KS, Garcia-Rodriguez JM, Jung C, Briggs L, Southwell JE, Jia X, Weinert EE. RNase I regulates Escherichia coli 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide monophosphate levels and biofilm formation. Biochem J 2018; 475:1491-1506. [PMID: 29555843 PMCID: PMC6452634 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of nucleotide and nucleoside concentrations is critical for faithful DNA replication, transcription, and translation in all organisms, and has been linked to bacterial biofilm formation. Unusual 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (2',3'-cNMPs) recently were quantified in mammalian systems, and previous reports have linked these nucleotides to cellular stress and damage in eukaryotes, suggesting an intriguing connection with nucleotide/nucleoside pools and/or cyclic nucleotide signaling. This work reports the first quantification of 2',3'-cNMPs in Escherichia coli and demonstrates that 2',3'-cNMP levels in E. coli are generated specifically from RNase I-catalyzed RNA degradation, presumably as part of a previously unidentified nucleotide salvage pathway. Furthermore, RNase I and 2',3'-cNMP levels are demonstrated to play an important role in controlling biofilm formation. This work identifies a physiological role for cytoplasmic RNase I and constitutes the first progress toward elucidating the biological functions of bacterial 2',3'-cNMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Fontaine
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Kevin S. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | | | - Claire Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Laura Briggs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jessica E. Southwell
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Emily E. Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Xu Y, Fan Y, Fan W, Jing J, Xue K, Zhang X, Ye B, Ji Y, Liu Y, Ding Z. RNASET2 impairs the sperm motility via PKA/PI3K/calcium signal pathways. Reproduction 2018; 155:383-392. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthenozoospermia is one of the leading causes of male infertility owing to a decline in sperm motility. Herein, we determined if there is a correlation between RNASET2 content on human spermatozoa and sperm motility in 205 semen samples from both asthenozoospermia patients and normozoospermia individuals. RNASET2 content was higher in sperm from asthenozoospermia patients than in normozoospermia individuals. On the other hand, its content was inversely correlated with sperm motility as well as progressive motility. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of RNASET2 on sperm motility was induced by incubating normozoospermic sperm with RNase T2 protein. Such treatment caused significant declines in intracellular spermatozoa PKA activity, PI3K activity and calcium level, which resulted in severely impaired sperm motility, and the sperm motility was largely rescued by cAMP supplementation. Finally, protein immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identified proteins whose interactions with RNASET2 were associated with declines in human spermatozoa motility. AKAP4, a protein regulating PKA activity, coimmunoprecipated with RNASET2 and they colocalized with one another in the sperm tail, which might contribute to reduced sperm motility. Thus, RNASET2 may be a novel biomarker of asthenozoospermia. Increases in RNASET2 can interact with AKAP4 in human sperm tail and subsequently reduce sperm motility by suppressing PKA/PI3K/calcium signaling pathways.
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105
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Wang Y, Wu W, Zhu M, Wang C, Shen W, Cheng Y, Geng L, Li Z, Zhang J, Dai J, Ma H, Chen L, Hu Z, Jin G, Shen H. Integrating expression-related SNPs into genome-wide gene- and pathway-based analyses identified novel lung cancer susceptibility genes. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1602-1610. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Liguo Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 211166 China
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106
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Yadav MK, Go YY, Kim SH, Chae SW, Song JJ. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effects of Human Amniotic/Chorionic Membrane Extract on Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1948. [PMID: 29089928 PMCID: PMC5641382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the human nasopharynx in the form of biofilms. The biofilms act as bacterial reservoirs and planktonic bacteria from these biofilms can migrate to other sterile anatomical sites to cause pneumonia, otitis media (OM), bacteremia and meningitis. Human amniotic membrane contains numerous growth factors and antimicrobial activity; however, these have not been studied in detail. In this study, we prepared amniotic membrane extract and chorionic membrane extract (AME/CME) and evaluated their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. pneumoniae using an in vitro biofilm model and in vivo OM rat model. Materials and Methods: The AME/CME were prepared and protein was quantified using DCTM (detergent compatible) method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using broth dilution method, and the synergistic effect of AME/CME with Penicillin-streptomycin was detected checkerboard. The in vitro biofilm and in vivo colonization of S. pneumoniae were studied using microtiter plate assay and OM rat model, respectively. The AME/CME-treated biofilms were examined using scanning electron microscope and confocal microscopy. To examine the constituents of AME/CME, we determined the proteins and peptides of AME/CME using tandem mass tag-based quantitative mass spectrometry. Results: AME/CME treatment significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited S. pneumoniae growth in planktonic form and in biofilms. Combined application of AME/CME and Penicillin-streptomycin solution had a synergistic effect against S. pneumoniae. Biofilms grown with AME/CME were thin, scattered, and unorganized. AME/CME effectively eradicated pre-established pneumococci biofilms and has a bactericidal effect. AME treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced bacterial colonization in the rat middle ear. The proteomics analysis revealed that the AME/CME contains hydrolase, ribonuclease, protease, and other antimicrobial proteins and peptides. Conclusion: AME/CME inhibits S. pneumoniae growth in the planktonic and biofilm states via its antimicrobial proteins and peptides. AME/CME are non-cytotoxic, natural human product; therefore, they may be used alone or with antibiotics to treat S. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K Yadav
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Medical Device Clinical Trials, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Y Go
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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107
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Ah-Fong AMV, Shrivastava J, Judelson HS. Lifestyle, gene gain and loss, and transcriptional remodeling cause divergence in the transcriptomes of Phytophthora infestans and Pythium ultimum during potato tuber colonization. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:764. [PMID: 29017458 PMCID: PMC5635513 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How pathogen genomes evolve to support distinct lifestyles is not well-understood. The oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the potato blight agent, is a largely biotrophic pathogen that feeds from living host cells, which become necrotic only late in infection. The related oomycete Pythium ultimum grows saprophytically in soil and as a necrotroph in plants, causing massive tissue destruction. To learn what distinguishes their lifestyles, we compared their gene contents and expression patterns in media and a shared host, potato tuber. RESULTS Genes related to pathogenesis varied in temporal expression pattern, mRNA level, and family size between the species. A family's aggregate expression during infection was not proportional to size due to transcriptional remodeling and pseudogenization. Ph. infestans had more stage-specific genes, while Py. ultimum tended towards more constitutive expression. Ph. infestans expressed more genes encoding secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes, but other categories such as secreted proteases and ABC transporters had higher transcript levels in Py. ultimum. Species-specific genes were identified including new Pythium genes, perforins, which may disrupt plant membranes. Genome-wide ortholog analyses identified substantial diversified expression, which correlated with sequence divergence. Pseudogenization was associated with gene family expansion, especially in gene clusters. CONCLUSION This first large-scale analysis of transcriptional divergence within oomycetes revealed major shifts in genome composition and expression, including subfunctionalization within gene families. Biotrophy and necrotrophy seem determined by species-specific genes and the varied expression of shared pathogenicity factors, which may be useful targets for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M. V. Ah-Fong
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Jolly Shrivastava
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - Howard S. Judelson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
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108
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Ikeda Y, Okada Y, Sato A, Kanai T, Tomita M, Atomi H, Kanai A. An archaeal RNA binding protein, FAU-1, is a novel ribonuclease related to rRNA stability in Pyrococcus and Thermococcus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12674. [PMID: 28978920 PMCID: PMC5627344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis and turnover are processes necessary for cell viability and proliferation, and many kinds of proteins are known to regulate these processes. However, many questions still remain, especially in the Archaea. Generally, several ribonucleases are required to process precursor rRNAs to their mature forms, and to degrade rRNAs for quality control. Here, we found that FAU-1, which is known to be an RNA binding protein, possesses an RNase activity against precursor 5S rRNA derived from P. furiosus and T. kodakarensis in the order Thermococcales in vitro. An in vitro analysis revealed that UA sequences in the upstream of 5S rRNA were preferentially degraded by addition of FAU-1. Moreover, a fau-1 gene deletion mutant of T. kodakarensis showed a delay of exponential phase, reduction of maximum cell number and significant changes in the nucleotide sequence lengths of its 5S, 16S, and 23S rRNAs in early exponential phase. Our results suggest that FAU-1 is a potential RNase involved in rRNA stability through maturation and/or degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0017, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Okada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0017, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kanai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0017, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Atomi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akio Kanai
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0017, Japan
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109
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Novel ribonuclease activity of cusativin from Cucumis sativus for mapping nucleoside modifications in RNA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5645-5654. [PMID: 28730304 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant ribonuclease, cusativin, was characterized for its cytidine-specific cleavage ability of RNA to map chemical modifications. Following purification of native cusativin protein as described before (Rojo et al. Planta 194:328, 17), partial amino acid sequencing was carried out to identify the corresponding protein coding gene in cucumber genome. Cloning and heterologous expression of the identified gene in Escherichia coli resulted in successful production of active protein as a C-terminal His-tag fusion protein. The ribonuclease activity and cleavage specificity of the fusion protein were confirmed with a variety of tRNA isoacceptors and total tRNA. Characterization of cusativin digestion products by ion-pairing reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-RP-LC-MS) analysis revealed cleavage of CpA, CpG, and CpU phosphodiester bonds at the 3'-terminus of cytidine under optimal digestion conditions. Ribose methylation or acetylation of cytosine inhibited RNA cleavage. The CpC phosphodiester bond was also resistant to cusativin-mediated RNA cleavage; a feature to our knowledge has not been reported for other nucleobase-specific ribonucleases. Here, we demonstrate the analytical utility of such a novel feature for obtaining high-sequence coverage and accurate mapping of modified residues in substrate RNAs. Graphical abstract Cytidine-specific novel ribonuclease activity of cusativin.
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110
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Liu P, Huang J, Zheng Q, Xie L, Lu X, Jin J, Wang G. Mammalian mitochondrial RNAs are degraded in the mitochondrial intermembrane space by RNASET2. Protein Cell 2017; 8:735-749. [PMID: 28730546 PMCID: PMC5636749 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial genome encodes a small set of tRNAs, rRNAs, and mRNAs. The RNA synthesis process has been well characterized. How the RNAs are degraded, however, is poorly understood. It was long assumed that the degradation happens in the matrix where transcription and translation machineries reside. Here we show that contrary to the assumption, mammalian mitochondrial RNA degradation occurs in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) and the IMS-localized RNASET2 is the enzyme that degrades the RNAs. This provides a new paradigm for understanding mitochondrial RNA metabolism and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Liu
- MOE Key laboratory of Bioinformatics, Cell Biology and Development Center, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinliang Huang
- MOE Key laboratory of Bioinformatics, Cell Biology and Development Center, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- MOE Key laboratory of Bioinformatics, Cell Biology and Development Center, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Leiming Xie
- MOE Key laboratory of Bioinformatics, Cell Biology and Development Center, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinping Lu
- MOE Key laboratory of Bioinformatics, Cell Biology and Development Center, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Jin
- MOE Key laboratory of Bioinformatics, Cell Biology and Development Center, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Geng Wang
- MOE Key laboratory of Bioinformatics, Cell Biology and Development Center, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Qu H, Guan Y, Wang Y, Zhang S. PLC-Mediated Signaling Pathway in Pollen Tubes Regulates the Gametophytic Self-incompatibility of Pyrus Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1164. [PMID: 28729872 PMCID: PMC5498517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the Rosaceae species, the gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) is controlled by a single multi-allelic S locus, which is composed of the pistil-S and pollen-S genes. The pistil-S gene encodes a polymorphic ribonuclease (S-RNase), which is essential for identifying self-pollen. However, the S-RNase system has not been fully characterized. In this study, the self-S-RNase inhibited the Ca2+-permeable channel activity at pollen tube apices and the selectively decreased phospholipase C (PLC) activity in the plasma membrane of Pyrus pyrifolia pollen tubes. Self-S-RNase decreased the Ca2+ influx through a PLC-mediated signaling pathway. Phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC has a 26-amino acid insertion in pollen tubes of the 'Jinzhuili' cultivar, which is a spontaneous self-compatible mutant of the 'Yali' cultivar. 'Yali' plants exhibit a typical S-RNase-based GSI. Upon self-pollination, PLC gene expression is significantly higher in 'Jinzhuili' pollen tubes than that in 'Yali' pollen tubes. Moreover, the PLC in pollen tubes can only interact with one of the two types of S-RNase from the style. In the Pyrus x bretschneideri Rehd, the PLC directly interacted with the S7-RNase in the pollen tube, but not with the S34-RNase. Collectively, our results reveal that the effects of S-RNase on PLC activity are required for S-specific pollen rejection, and that PLC-IP3 participates in the self-incompatibility reaction of Pyrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Qu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Yaqin Guan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Yongzhang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Shaolin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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Almeida DSM, Gramacho KP, Cardoso THS, Micheli F, Alvim FC, Pirovani CP. Cacao Phylloplane: The First Battlefield against Moniliophthora perniciosa, Which Causes Witches' Broom Disease. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:864-871. [PMID: 28430024 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-16-0226-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phylloplane is the first contact surface between Theobroma cacao and the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, which causes witches' broom disease (WBD). We evaluated the index of short glandular trichomes (SGT) in the cacao phylloplane and the effect of irrigation on the disease index of cacao genotypes with or without resistance to WBD, and identified proteins present in the phylloplane. The resistant genotype CCN51 and susceptible Catongo presented a mean index of 1,600 and 700 SGT cm-2, respectively. The disease index in plants under drip irrigation was reduced by approximately 30% compared with plants under sprinkler irrigation prior to inoculation. Leaf water wash (LWW) of the cacao inhibited the germination of spores by up to 98%. Proteins from the LWW of CCN51 were analyzed by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry. The gel showed 71 spots and identified a total of 42 proteins (28 from the plant and 14 from bacteria). Proteins related to defense and synthesis of defense metabolites and involved in nucleic acid metabolism were identified. The results support the hypothesis that the proteins and water-soluble compounds secreted to the cacao phylloplane participate in the defense against pathogens. They also suggest that SGT can contribute to the resistance of cacao.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S M Almeida
- First, third, fifth, and sixth authors: Proteomics Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna km 16, 45652-900, Brazil; second author: Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, CEPLAC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; and fourth author: CIRAD-BIOS, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
| | - K P Gramacho
- First, third, fifth, and sixth authors: Proteomics Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna km 16, 45652-900, Brazil; second author: Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, CEPLAC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; and fourth author: CIRAD-BIOS, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
| | - T H S Cardoso
- First, third, fifth, and sixth authors: Proteomics Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna km 16, 45652-900, Brazil; second author: Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, CEPLAC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; and fourth author: CIRAD-BIOS, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
| | - F Micheli
- First, third, fifth, and sixth authors: Proteomics Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna km 16, 45652-900, Brazil; second author: Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, CEPLAC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; and fourth author: CIRAD-BIOS, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
| | - F C Alvim
- First, third, fifth, and sixth authors: Proteomics Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna km 16, 45652-900, Brazil; second author: Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, CEPLAC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; and fourth author: CIRAD-BIOS, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
| | - C P Pirovani
- First, third, fifth, and sixth authors: Proteomics Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna km 16, 45652-900, Brazil; second author: Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, CEPLAC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; and fourth author: CIRAD-BIOS, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
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Fujiwara Y, Wada K, Kabuta T. Lysosomal degradation of intracellular nucleic acids-multiple autophagic pathways. J Biochem 2017; 161:145-154. [PMID: 28039390 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell metabolism can be considered as a process of serial construction and destruction of cellular components, both of which must be regulated accurately. In eukaryotic cells, a variety of cellular components are actively delivered into lysosomes/vacuoles, specialized compartments for hydrolysis of macromolecules. Such processes of 'self-eating' are called autophagy. Despite a wide variety of lysosomal/vacuolar hydrolases, much of the interest has been focused on the proteolytic functions of autophagy and less attention has been devoted to the degradation of other macromolecules such as nucleic acids. In this review, we focus on delivery and degradation of endogenous nucleic acids by autophagic systems, and discuss their molecular mechanisms and physiological/pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Fujiwara
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kabuta
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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114
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Li FM, Liu L, Pang LN, Shen M, Lu HW, Zhang XH, Chu X, Song ZJ. Association of 4p14 and 6q27 variation with Graves disease: a case-control study and a meta-analysis of available evidence. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:56. [PMID: 28521825 PMCID: PMC5437675 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The etiology of the Graves’ disease (GD) is largely unknown. However, genetic factors are believed to play a major role. A recent genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese sample collection revealed two new Graves’ disease (GD) risk loci within chromosome band 4p14 and 6q27. In this study, we aimed to investigate these associations with Weifang Han Chinese population of Shandong province and perform a meta-analysis of associations with GD. Methods A case–control study was conducted to investigate association of variation within 4p14 and 6q27 to GD susceptibility in Weifang Han Chinese population of Shandong province. SNP rs6832151 at chromosome 4p14 and SNP rs9355610 at chromosome 6q27 was selected for genotyping in 2,382 GD patients and 3,092 unrelated controls. SNP genotyping was performed using TaqMan Real-time PCR technique assays on ABI7900 platform. A meta-analysis was performed with the data obtained in the current sample-set and those available from prior studies. Results Association analysis revealed both rs6832151 located in 4p14 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.27, PAllelic = 1.48 × 10−9) and rs9355610 located in 6q27 (OR = 1.10, PAllelic = 1.04 × 10−2) was associated with GD susceptibility. By model of inheritance analysis, we found the recessive model should be preferred (PRecessive = 2.75 × 10−11) for rs6832151. The dominant model should be preferred (PDominant = 7.15 × 10−3) for rs9355610, whereas analysis of recessive model showed no significant association (PRecessive = 0.13). Meta-analysis with the data of 10,781 cases and 16,304 controls obtained from present sample-set and those available from prior studies confirmed association of rs6832151 at 4p14 with GD susceptibility using a fixed model (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.32; I2 = 0%). Meta-analysis with the data of 11,306 cases and 12,756 controls confirmed association of rs9355610 at 6q27 with GD susceptibility using a fixed model (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.22; I2 = 41.2%). Conclusions Our findings showed that chromosome 4p14 and 6q27 variants were associated with Graves’ disease in Weifang Han Chinese population of Shandong province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Mei Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Nan Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shen
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.,Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wen Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Chu
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Ju Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Bastos P, Ferreira R, Manadas B, Moreira PI, Vitorino R. Insights into the human brain proteome: Disclosing the biological meaning of protein networks in cerebrospinal fluid. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:185-204. [PMID: 28393582 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1299682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an excellent source of biological information regarding the nervous system, once it is in close contact and accurately reflects alterations in this system. Several studies have analyzed differential protein profiles of CSF samples between healthy and diseased human subjects. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms and how CSF proteins relate to diseases are still poorly known. By applying bioinformatics tools, we attempted to provide new insights on the biological and functional meaning of proteomics data envisioning the identification of putative disease biomarkers. Bioinformatics analysis of data retrieved from 99 mass spectrometry (MS)-based studies on CSF profiling highlighted 1985 differentially expressed proteins across 49 diseases. A large percentage of the modulated proteins originate from exosome vesicles, and the majority are involved in either neuronal cell growth, development, maturation, migration, or neurotransmitter-mediated cellular communication. Nevertheless, some diseases present a unique CSF proteome profile, which were critically analyzed in the present study. For instance, 48 proteins were found exclusively upregulated in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease and are mainly involved in steroid esterification and protein activation cascade processes. A higher number of exclusively upregulated proteins were found in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis (76 proteins) and with bacterial meningitis (70 proteins). Whereas in multiple sclerosis, these proteins are mostly involved in the regulation of RNA metabolism and apoptosis, in bacterial meningitis the exclusively upregulated proteins participate in inflammation and antibacterial humoral response, reflecting disease pathogenesis. The exploration of the contribution of exclusively upregulated proteins to disease pathogenesis will certainly help to envision potential biomarkers in the CSF for the clinical management of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Bastos
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal.,b Department of Medical Sciences , Institute for Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- c QOPNA, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- d CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- d CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,e Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- b Department of Medical Sciences , Institute for Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal.,f Departmento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina , Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Monitoring integrity and localization of modified single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides using ultrasensitive fluorescence methods. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173401. [PMID: 28278199 PMCID: PMC5344492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Short single-stranded oligonucleotides represent a class of promising therapeutics with diverse application areas. Antisense oligonucleotides, for example, can interfere with various processes involved in mRNA processing through complementary base pairing. Also RNA interference can be regulated by antagomirs, single-stranded siRNA and single-stranded microRNA mimics. The increased susceptibility to nucleolytic degradation of unpaired RNAs can be counteracted by chemical modification of the sugar phosphate backbone. In order to understand the dynamics of such single-stranded RNAs, we investigated their fate after exposure to cellular environment by several fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. First, we elucidated the degradation of four differently modified, dual-dye labeled short RNA oligonucleotides in HeLa cell extracts by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer. We observed that the integrity of the oligonucleotide sequence correlates with the extent of chemical modifications. Furthermore, the data showed that nucleolytic degradation can only be distinguished from unspecific effects like aggregation, association with cellular proteins, or intramolecular dynamics when considering multiple measurement and analysis approaches. We also investigated the localization and integrity of the four modified oligonucleotides in cultured HeLa cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. No intracellular accumulation could be observed for unmodified oligonucleotides, while completely stabilized oligonucleotides showed strong accumulation within HeLa cells with no changes in fluorescence lifetime over 24 h. The integrity and accumulation of partly modified oligonucleotides was in accordance with their extent of modification. In highly fluorescent cells, the oligonucleotides were transported to the nucleus. The lifetime of the RNA in the cells could be explained by a balance between release of the oligonucleotides from endosomes, degradation by RNases and subsequent depletion from the cells.
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Ke XD, Shen S, Song LJ, Yu CX, Kikuchi M, Hirayama K, Gao H, Wang J, Yin X, Yao Y, Liu Q, Zhou W. Characterization of Schistosoma japonicum CP1412 protein as a novel member of the ribonuclease T2 molecule family with immune regulatory function. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:89. [PMID: 28212670 PMCID: PMC5316207 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosome infection typically induces a polarized Th2 type host immune response. As egg antigen molecules play key roles in this immunoregulatory process, clarifying their functions in schistosomiasis would facilitate the development of vaccine and immunotherapeutic methods. Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) CP1412 (GenBank: AY57074.1) has been identified as a new member of the RNase T2 family with immune regulatory functions. Methods The expression plasmid Sj CP1412-pET28a was constructed and transformed into bacteria for production of recombinant Sj CP1412 protein (rSj CP1412) via IPTG induction. The RNase activity of Sj CP1412 was predicted by bioinformatic analysis and confirmed by digesting the yeast tRNA with rSj CP1412.C57BL/6j mice were immunized with rSj CP1412, and its immune regulatory effects in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Meanwhile, the relationship between the RNase activity of Sj CP1412 and its immune regulation was observed. Results Sj CP1412 was confirmed as a novel RNase T2 family protein with RNase activity. Immunoblotting and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated Sj CP1412 as a protein exclusively secreted/excreted from eggs, but not cercariae and adult worms. Stimulating RAW264.7 macrophages with rSj CP1412 raised the expression of CD206, Arg-1 and IL-10, which are related to M2 type macrophage differentiation. Stimulating dendritic cells (DCs) with rSjCP1412 failed to induce their maturation, and the recombinant protein also inhibited LPS-stimulated DC maturation. Depletion of Sj CP1412 from soluble egg antigen (SEA) impaired the ability of SEA to induce M2 type polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages. Immunizing mice with rSj CP1412 induced high antibody titers, increased serum IL-4 and TGF-β levels and splenic CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells, downregulated serum IFN-γ levels and alleviated the egg granuloma pathology of schistosome infection. In vitro stimulation by rSj CP1412 significantly increased CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cell numbers in splenocytes of healthy mice. The rSj CP1412 protein with RNase activity inactivated by DEPC failed to induce M2 surface marker CD206 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Conclusions The Sj CP1412 protein expressed specifically in S. japonicum eggs is a novel member of the RNase T2 family. Similar to Omega-1 of Schistosoma mansoni, the Sj CP1412 protein drives polarization of the host Th2 immune response, which is dependent on its RNase activity. These data provide new evidence towards understanding the immune regulatory role of RNase T2 family proteins during schistosome infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1962-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dan Ke
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Song
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China. .,Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mihoko Kikuchi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuren Yin
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, People's Republic of China
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Baranzini N, Pedrini E, Girardello R, Tettamanti G, de Eguileor M, Taramelli R, Acquati F, Grimaldi A. Human recombinant RNASET2-induced inflammatory response and connective tissue remodeling in the medicinal leech. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:337-351. [PMID: 28070637 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that the RNASET2 gene is involved in the control of tumorigenicity in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, a role in establishing a functional cross-talk between cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment has been unveiled for this gene, based on its ability to act as an inducer of the innate immune response. Although several studies have reported on the molecular features of RNASET2, the details on the mechanisms by which this evolutionarily conserved ribonuclease regulates the immune system are still poorly defined. In the effort to clarify this aspect, we report here the effect of recombinant human RNASET2 injection and its role in regulating the innate immune response after bacterial challenge in an invertebrate model, the medicinal leech. We found that recombinant RNASET2 injection induces fibroplasias, connective tissue remodeling and the recruitment of numerous infiltrating cells expressing the specific macrophage markers CD68 and HmAIF1. The RNASET2-mediated chemotactic activity for macrophages has been further confirmed by using a consolidated experimental approach based on injection of the Matrigel biomatrice (MG) supplemented with recombinant RNASET2 in the leech body wall. One week after injection, a large number of CD68+ and HmAIF-1+ macrophages massively infiltrated MG sponges. Finally, in leeches challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or with the environmental bacteria pathogen Micrococcus nishinomiyaensis, numerous macrophages migrating to the site of inoculation expressed high levels of endogenous RNASET2. Taken together, these results suggest that RNASET2 is likely involved in the initial phase of the inflammatory response in leeches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Baranzini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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Liang M, Yang W, Su S, Fu L, Yi H, Chen C, Deng X, Chai L. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of S-RNase involved in the self-incompatibility of citrus. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 292:325-341. [PMID: 27933381 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
S-RNase-based self-incompatibility is found in Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, and is the most widespread mechanism that prevents self-fertilization in plants. Although 'Shatian' pummelo (Citrus grandis), a traditional cultivated variety, possesses the self-incompatible trait, the role of S-RNases in the self-incompatibility of 'Shatian' pummelo is poorly understood. To identify genes associated with self-incompatibility in citrus, we identified 16 genes encoding homologs of ribonucleases in the genomes of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and clementine mandarin (Citrus clementine). We preliminarily distinguished S-RNases from S-like RNases with a phylogenetic analysis that classified these homologs into three groups, which is consistent with the previous reports. Expression analysis provided evidence that CsRNS1 and CsRNS6 are S-like RNase genes. The expression level of CsRNS1 was increased during fruit development. The expression of CsRNS6 was increased during the formation of embryogenic callus. In contrast, we found that CsRNS3 possessed several common characteristics of the pistil determinant of self-incompatibility: it has an alkaline isoelectric point (pI), harbors only one intron, and is specifically expressed in style. We obtained a cDNA encoding CgRNS3 from 'Shatian' pummelo and found that it is homolog to CsRNS3 and that CgRNS3 exhibited the same expression pattern as CsRNS3. In an in vitro culture system, the CgRNS3 protein significantly inhibited the growth of self-pollen tubes from 'Shatian' pummelo, but after a heat treatment, this protein did not significantly inhibit the elongation of self- or non-self-pollen tubes. In conclusion, an S-RNase gene, CgRNS3, was obtained by searching the genomes of sweet orange and clementine for genes exhibiting sequence similarity to ribonucleases followed by expression analyses. Using this approach, we identified a protein that significantly inhibited the growth of self-pollen tubes, which is the defining property of an S-RNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shiying Su
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hualin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanwu Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (Central Region), MOA, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Turconi G, Scaldaferri D, Fabbri M, Monti L, Lualdi M, Pedrini E, Gribaldo L, Taramelli R, Acquati F. RNASET2 silencing affects miRNAs and target gene expression pattern in a human ovarian cancer cell model. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2637-2646. [PMID: 27840914 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases) are hydrolytic enzymes endowed with the ability to either process or degrade ribonucleic acids. Among the many biological functions assigned to RNases, a growing attention has been recently devoted to the control of cancer growth, in the attempt to bring novel therapeutic approaches to clinical oncology. Indeed, several enzymes belonging to different ribonuclease families have been reported in the last decade to display a marked oncosuppressive activity in a wide range of experimental models. The human RNASET2 gene, the only member of the highly conserved T2/Rh/S family of endoribonucleolytic enzymes described in our species, has been shown to display oncosuppressive roles in both in vitro and in vivo models representing several human malignancies. In the present study, we extend previous findings obtained in ovarian cancer models to shed further light on the cell-autonomous roles played by this gene in the context of its oncosuppresive role and to show that RNASET2 silencing can significantly affect the transcriptional output in one of the most thoroughly investigated human ovarian cancer cell lines. Moreover, we report for the first time that RNASET2-mediated changes in the cell transcriptome are in part mediated by its apparent ability to affect the cell's microRNA expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Turconi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Debora Scaldaferri
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marta Lualdi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- JRC Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Chemical Safety and Alternative Methods Unit, Ispra, Varese (VA), Italy
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Floyd BE, Morriss SC, MacIntosh GC, Bassham DC. Evidence for autophagy-dependent pathways of rRNA turnover in Arabidopsis. Autophagy 2016; 11:2199-212. [PMID: 26735434 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes account for a majority of the cell's RNA and much of its protein and represent a significant investment of cellular resources. The turnover and degradation of ribosomes has been proposed to play a role in homeostasis and during stress conditions. Mechanisms for the turnover of rRNA and ribosomal proteins have not been fully elucidated. We show here that the RNS2 ribonuclease and autophagy participate in RNA turnover in Arabidopsis thaliana under normal growth conditions. An increase in autophagosome formation was seen in an rns2-2 mutant, and this increase was dependent on the core autophagy genes ATG9 and ATG5. Autophagosomes and autophagic bodies in rns2-2 mutants contain RNA and ribosomes, suggesting that autophagy is activated as an attempt to compensate for loss of rRNA degradation. Total RNA accumulates in rns2-2, atg9-4, atg5-1, rns2-2 atg9-4, and rns2-2 atg5-1 mutants, suggesting a parallel role for autophagy and RNS2 in RNA turnover. rRNA accumulates in the vacuole in rns2-2 mutants. Vacuolar accumulation of rRNA was blocked by disrupting autophagy via an rns2-2 atg5-1 double mutant but not by an rns2-2 atg9-4 double mutant, indicating that ATG5 and ATG9 function differently in this process. Our results suggest that autophagy and RNS2 are both involved in homeostatic degradation of rRNA in the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice E Floyd
- a Department of Genetics , Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University ; Ames , IA , USA
| | - Stephanie C Morriss
- b Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology; Iowa State University ; Ames , IA USA
| | - Gustavo C MacIntosh
- b Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology; Iowa State University ; Ames , IA USA.,c Plant Sciences Institute; Iowa State University ; Ames , IA USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- a Department of Genetics , Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University ; Ames , IA , USA.,c Plant Sciences Institute; Iowa State University ; Ames , IA USA
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Subtractive transcriptome analysis of leaf and rhizome reveals differentially expressed transcripts in Panax sokpayensis. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:619-639. [PMID: 27586658 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) strategy was used to identify rare and differentially expressed transcripts in leaf and rhizome tissues of Panax sokpayensis. Out of 1102 randomly picked clones, 513 and 374 high quality expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) were generated from leaf and rhizome subtractive libraries, respectively. Out of them, 64.92 % ESTs from leaf and 69.26 % ESTs from rhizome SSH libraries were assembled into different functional categories, while others were of unknown function. In particular, ESTs encoding galactinol synthase 2, ribosomal RNA processing Brix domain protein, and cell division cycle protein 20.1, which are involved in plant growth and development, were most abundant in the leaf SSH library. Other ESTs encoding protein KIAA0664 homologue, ubiquitin-activating enzyme e11, and major latex protein, which are involved in plant immunity and defense response, were most abundant in the rhizome SSH library. Subtractive ESTs also showed similarity with genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway, namely farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, squalene synthase, and dammarenediol synthase. Expression profiles of selected ESTs validated the quality of libraries and confirmed their differential expression in the leaf, stem, and rhizome tissues. In silico comparative analyses revealed that around 13.75 % of unigenes from the leaf SSH library were not represented in the available leaf transcriptome of Panax ginseng. Similarly, around 18.12, 23.75, 25, and 6.25 % of unigenes from the rhizome SSH library were not represented in available root/rhizome transcriptomes of P. ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax vietnamensis, respectively, indicating a major fraction of novel ESTs. Therefore, these subtractive transcriptomes provide valuable resources for gene discovery in P. sokpayensis and would complement the available transcriptomes from other Panax species.
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Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the capacity of cancer cells to adapt to the tumor microenvironment and to anticancer therapies is a major challenge. In this context, cancer is believed to be an evolutionary process where random mutations and the selection process shape the mutational pattern and phenotype of cancer cells. This article challenges the notion of randomness of some cancer-associated mutations by describing molecular mechanisms involving stress-mediated biogenesis of mRNA-derived small RNAs able to target and increase the local mutation rate of the genomic loci they originate from. It is proposed that the probability of some mutations at specific loci could be increased in a stress-specific and RNA-depending manner. This would increase the probability of generating mutations that could alleviate stress situations, such as those triggered by anticancer drugs. Such a mechanism is made possible because tumor- and anticancer drug-associated stress situations trigger both cellular reprogramming and inflammation, which leads cancer cells to express molecular tools allowing them to “attack” and mutate their own genome in an RNA-directed manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Auboeuf
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Lyon, France
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124
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Koczera P, Martin L, Marx G, Schuerholz T. The Ribonuclease A Superfamily in Humans: Canonical RNases as the Buttress of Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081278. [PMID: 27527162 PMCID: PMC5000675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily contains eight different members that have RNase activities, and all of these members are encoded on chromosome 14. The proteins are secreted by a large variety of different tissues and cells; however, a comprehensive understanding of these proteins’ physiological roles is lacking. Different biological effects can be attributed to each protein, including antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities as well as cytotoxic effects against host cells and parasites. Different immunomodulatory effects have also been demonstrated. This review summarizes the available data on the human RNase A superfamily and illustrates the significant role of the eight canonical RNases in inflammation and the host defence system against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Koczera
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
- Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Tobias Schuerholz
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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125
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Recombinant T2 RNase protein of Schistosoma japonicum inhibits expression of α-SMA in LX-2 cells. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4055-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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126
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Tonduti D, Orcesi S, Jenkinson EM, Dorboz I, Renaldo F, Panteghini C, Rice GI, Henneke M, Livingston JH, Elmaleh M, Burglen L, Willemsen MAAP, Chiapparini L, Garavaglia B, Rodriguez D, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Moroni I, Crow YJ. Clinical, radiological and possible pathological overlap of cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:604-10. [PMID: 27091087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly is a disorder related in some cases to RNASET2 mutations and characterized by bilateral anterior temporal subcortical cysts and multifocal lobar white matter lesions with sparing of central white matter structures. This phenotype significantly overlaps with the sequelae of in utero cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, including the presence of intracranial calcification in some cases. Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is another inherited leukodystrophy with cerebral calcification mimicking congenital infection. Clinical, radiological and biochemical criteria for the diagnosis of AGS have been established, although the breadth of phenotype associated with mutations in the AGS-related genes is much greater than previously envisaged. PATIENTS AND METHODS We describe the clinical, biochemical and radiological findings of five patients demonstrating a phenotype reminiscent of AGS. RESULTS All patients were found to carry biallelic mutations of RNASET2. CONCLUSIONS Our patients illustrate the clinical and radiological overlap that can be seen between RNASET2-related leukodystrophy and AGS in some cases. Our data highlight the need to include both disorders in the same differential diagnosis, and hint at possible shared pathomechanisms related to auto-inflammation which are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tonduti
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy.
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emma M Jenkinson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Imen Dorboz
- PROTECT, INSERM U1141 Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Florence Renaldo
- AP-HP, Departement of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France; AP-HP, Department of Child Neurology, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, GHUEP, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Celeste Panteghini
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gillian I Rice
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Henneke
- University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John H Livingston
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, F Floor, Martin Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Elmaleh
- AP-HP, Department of Child Radiology, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie Médicale, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Michèl A A P Willemsen
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- PROTECT, INSERM U1141 Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; AP-HP, Department of Child Neurology, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, GHUEP, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- PROTECT, INSERM U1141 Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; AP-HP, Departement of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Yanick J Crow
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Paris, France; Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institute Imagine, Paris, France
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127
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Lualdi M, Pedrini E, Rea K, Monti L, Scaldaferri D, Gariboldi M, Camporeale A, Ghia P, Monti E, Tomassetti A, Acquati F, Taramelli R. Pleiotropic modes of action in tumor cells of RNASET2, an evolutionary highly conserved extracellular RNase. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7851-65. [PMID: 25797262 PMCID: PMC4480721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As widely recognized, tumor growth entails a close and complex cross-talk among cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. We recently described the human RNASET2 gene as one key player of such microenvironmental cross-talk. Indeed, the protein encoded by this gene is an extracellular RNase which is able to control cancer growth in a non-cell autonomous mode by inducing a sustained recruitment of immune-competent cells belonging to the monocyte/macrophage lineage within a growing tumor mass. Here, we asked whether this oncosuppressor gene is sensitive to stress challenges and whether it can trigger cell-intrinsic processes as well. Indeed, RNASET2 expression levels were consistently found to increase following stress induction. Moreover, changes in RNASET2 expression levels turned out to affect several cancer-related parameters in vitro in an ovarian cancer cell line model. Of note, a remarkable rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton organization, together with changes in cell adhesion and motility, emerged as putative mechanisms by which such cell-autonomous role could occur. Altogether, these biological features allow to put forward the hypothesis that the RNASET2 protein can act as a molecular barrier for limiting the damages and tissue remodeling events occurring during the earlier step of cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lualdi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Katia Rea
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Debora Scaldaferri
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marzia Gariboldi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Annalisa Camporeale
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Present address: Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Monti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Antonella Tomassetti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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128
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Schoen DJ, Roda MJ. Selection of sporophytic and gametophytic self-incompatibility in the absence of a superlocus. Evolution 2016; 70:1409-17. [PMID: 27111063 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a complex trait that enforces outcrossing in plant populations. SI generally involves tight linkage of genes coding for the proteins that underlie self-pollen detection and pollen identity specification. Here, we develop two-locus genetic models to address the question of whether sporophytic SI (SSI) and gametophytic SI (GSI) can invade populations of self-compatible plants when there is no linkage or weak linkage of the underlying pollen detection and identity genes (i.e., no S-locus supergene). The models assume that SI evolves as a result of exaptation of genes formerly involved in functions other than SI. Model analysis reveals that SSI and GSI can invade populations even when the underlying genes are loosely linked, provided that inbreeding depression and selfing rate are sufficiently high. Reducing recombination between these genes makes conditions for invasion more lenient. These results can help account for multiple, independent evolution of SI systems as seems to have occurred in the angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schoen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Megan J Roda
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
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129
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Lussi C, Schweizer M. What can pestiviral endonucleases teach us about innate immunotolerance? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 29:53-62. [PMID: 27021825 PMCID: PMC7173139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the identification of the PRRs involved in the recognition of pestiviruses, and the mechanisms of these viruses to prevent the activation of host’s innate immune response with special emphasis on viral RNases. Most importantly, we extend these data and present our model of innate immunotolerance requiring continuous prevention of detection of immunostimulatory self nucleic acids, in contrast to the well-known long-term tolerance of the adaptive immune system targeted predominantly against proteins. This hypothesis is very likely relevant beyond the bovine species and might answer more fundamental questions on the discrimination between “self” and “viral nonself RNA”, which are relevant also for the prevention and treatment of chronic IFN induction and autoimmunity induced by “self-RNAs”.
Pestiviruses including bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), border disease virus (BDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV), occur worldwide and are important pathogens of livestock. A large part of their success can be attributed to the induction of central immunotolerance including B- and T-cells upon fetal infection leading to the generation of persistently infected (PI) animals. In the past few years, it became evident that evasion of innate immunity is a central element to induce and maintain persistent infection. Hence, the viral non-structural protease Npro heads the transcription factor IRF-3 for proteasomal degradation, whereas an extracellularly secreted, soluble form of the envelope glycoprotein Erns degrades immunostimulatory viral single- and double-stranded RNA, which makes this RNase unique among viral endoribonucleases. We propose that these pestiviral interferon (IFN) antagonists maintain a state of innate immunotolerance mainly pertaining its viral nucleic acids, in contrast to the well-established immunotolerance of the adaptive immune system, which is mainly targeted at proteins. In particular, the unique extension of ‘self’ to include the viral genome by degrading immunostimulatory viral RNA by Erns is reminiscent of various host nucleases that are important to prevent inappropriate IFN activation by the host’s own nucleic acids in autoimmune diseases such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. This mechanism of “innate tolerance” might thus provide a new facet to the role of extracellular RNases in the sustained prevention of the body’s own immunostimulatory RNA to act as a danger-associated molecular pattern that is relevant across various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Lussi
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO) and Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Laenggass-Str. 122, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Schweizer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO) and Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Laenggass-Str. 122, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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130
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Ogawa T. tRNA-targeting ribonucleases: molecular mechanisms and insights into their physiological roles. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1037-45. [PMID: 26967967 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1148579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Most bacteria produce antibacterial proteins known as bacteriocins, which aid bacterial defence systems to provide a physiological advantage. To date, many kinds of bacteriocins have been characterized. Colicin has long been known as a plasmidborne bacteriocin that kills other Escherichia coli cells lacking the same plasmid. To defeat other cells, colicins exert specific activities such as ion-channel, DNase, and RNase activity. Colicin E5 and colicin D impair protein synthesis in sensitive E. coli cells; however, their physiological targets have not long been identified. This review describes our finding that colicins E5 and D are novel RNases targeting specific E. coli tRNAs and elucidates their enzymatic properties based on biochemical analyses and X-ray crystal structures. Moreover, tRNA cleavage mediates bacteriostasis, which depends on trans-translation. Based on these results and others, cell growth regulation depending on tRNA cleavage is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Ogawa
- a Department of Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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131
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New Strategies for Expression and Purification of Recombinant Human RNASET2 Protein in Pichia pastoris. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:513-25. [PMID: 25663099 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleases form a large family of enzymes involved in RNA metabolism and are endowed with a broad range of biological functions. Among the different RNase proteins described in the last decades, those belonging to the Rh/T2/S subfamily show the highest degree of evolutionary conservation, suggesting the occurrence of a key critical ancestral role for this protein family. We have recently defined the human RNASET2 gene as a novel member of a group of oncosuppressors called "tumor antagonizing genes," whose activity in the control of cancer growth is carried out mainly in vivo. However, to better define the molecular pathways underlying the oncosuppressive properties of this protein, further structural and functional investigations are necessary, and availability of high-quality recombinant RNASET2 is of paramount importance. Here, we describe a multi-step strategy that allows production of highly pure, catalytically competent recombinant RNASET2 in both wild-type and mutant forms. The recombinant proteins that were produced with our purification strategy will be instrumental to perform a wide range of functional assays aimed at dissecting the molecular mechanisms of RNASET2-mediated tumor suppression.
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132
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Selective amplification and sequencing of cyclic phosphate-containing RNAs by the cP-RNA-seq method. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:476-89. [PMID: 26866791 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RNA digestions catalyzed by many ribonucleases generate RNA fragments that contain a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate (cP) at their 3' termini. However, standard RNA-seq methods are unable to accurately capture cP-containing RNAs because the cP inhibits the adapter ligation reaction. We recently developed a method named cP-RNA-seq that is able to selectively amplify and sequence cP-containing RNAs. Here we describe the cP-RNA-seq protocol in which the 3' termini of all RNAs, except those containing a cP, are cleaved through a periodate treatment after phosphatase treatment; hence, subsequent adapter ligation and cDNA amplification steps are exclusively applied to cP-containing RNAs. cP-RNA-seq takes ∼6 d, excluding the time required for sequencing and bioinformatics analyses, which are not covered in detail in this protocol. Biochemical validation of the existence of cP in the identified RNAs takes ∼3 d. Even though the cP-RNA-seq method was developed to identify angiogenin-generating 5'-tRNA halves as a proof of principle, the method should be applicable to global identification of cP-containing RNA repertoires in various transcriptomes.
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133
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Parets SE, Knight AK, Smith AK. Insights into genetic susceptibility in the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2015; 8:283-90. [PMID: 26715857 PMCID: PMC4685889 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s58612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks of gestation) is a complex disorder, whose etiology is influenced by a variety of factors. A greater understanding of the biological mechanisms that contribute to PTB will facilitate identification of those at increased risk and may inform new treatments. To accomplish this, it is vital to elucidate the heritability patterns of this condition as well as the environment and lifestyle factors that increase risk for PTB. Identifying individual genes that contribute to the etiology of PTB presents particular challenges, and there has been little agreement among candidate gene and genome-wide studies performed to date. In this review we will evaluate recent genetic studies of spontaneous PTB, discuss common themes among their findings, and suggest approaches for future studies of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Parets
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna K Knight
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA ; Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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134
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Olvera-Carrillo Y, Van Bel M, Van Hautegem T, Fendrych M, Huysmans M, Simaskova M, van Durme M, Buscaill P, Rivas S, Coll NS, Coppens F, Maere S, Nowack MK. A Conserved Core of Programmed Cell Death Indicator Genes Discriminates Developmentally and Environmentally Induced Programmed Cell Death in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2684-99. [PMID: 26438786 PMCID: PMC4677882 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of diverse programmed cell death (PCD) processes has been described in living organisms. In animals and plants, different forms of PCD play crucial roles in development, immunity, and responses to the environment. While the molecular control of some animal PCD forms such as apoptosis is known in great detail, we still know comparatively little about the regulation of the diverse types of plant PCD. In part, this deficiency in molecular understanding is caused by the lack of reliable reporters to detect PCD processes. Here, we addressed this issue by using a combination of bioinformatics approaches to identify commonly regulated genes during diverse plant PCD processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Our results indicate that the transcriptional signatures of developmentally controlled cell death are largely distinct from the ones associated with environmentally induced cell death. Moreover, different cases of developmental PCD share a set of cell death-associated genes. Most of these genes are evolutionary conserved within the green plant lineage, arguing for an evolutionary conserved core machinery of developmental PCD. Based on this information, we established an array of specific promoter-reporter lines for developmental PCD in Arabidopsis. These PCD indicators represent a powerful resource that can be used in addition to established morphological and biochemical methods to detect and analyze PCD processes in vivo and in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Olvera-Carrillo
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Tom Van Hautegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Matyáš Fendrych
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Marlies Huysmans
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Maria Simaskova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Matthias van Durme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Pierre Buscaill
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Susana Rivas
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Nuria S. Coll
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
| | - Moritz K. Nowack
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (Y.O.-C., M.V.B., T.V.H., M.F., M.H., M.S., M.v.D., F.C., S.M., M.K.N.);Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (P.B., S.R.); andCenter for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain (N.S.C.)
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135
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Addepalli B, Lesner NP, Limbach PA. Detection of RNA nucleoside modifications with the uridine-specific ribonuclease MC1 from Momordica charantia. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 21:1746-1756. [PMID: 26221047 PMCID: PMC4574751 DOI: 10.1261/rna.052472.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A codon-optimized recombinant ribonuclease, MC1 is characterized for its uridine-specific cleavage ability to map nucleoside modifications in RNA. The published MC1 amino acid sequence, as noted in a previous study, was used as a template to construct a synthetic gene with a natural codon bias favoring expression in Escherichia coli. Following optimization of various expression conditions, the active recombinant ribonuclease was successfully purified as a C-terminal His-tag fusion protein from E. coli [Rosetta 2(DE3)] cells. The isolated protein was tested for its ribonuclease activity against oligoribonucleotides and commercially available E. coli tRNA(Tyr I). Analysis of MC1 digestion products by ion-pairing reverse phase liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-RP-LC-MS) revealed enzymatic cleavage of RNA at the 5'-termini of uridine and pseudouridine, but cleavage was absent if the uridine was chemically modified or preceded by a nucleoside with a bulky modification. Furthermore, the utility of this enzyme to generate complementary digestion products to other common endonucleases, such as RNase T1, which enables the unambiguous mapping of modified residues in RNA is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubrahmanym Addepalli
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA
| | - Nicholas P Lesner
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 44691-2393, USA
| | - Patrick A Limbach
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, USA
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136
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Ferguson BJ, Newland SA, Gibbs SE, Tourlomousis P, Fernandes dos Santos P, Patel MN, Hall SW, Walczak H, Schramm G, Haas H, Dunne DW, Cooke A, Zaccone P. The Schistosoma mansoni T2 ribonuclease omega-1 modulates inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion in macrophages. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:809-13. [PMID: 26385440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The T2 ribonuclease omega-1 is a powerful Th2-inducing factor secreted by the eggs of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Omega-1 can modulate pattern recognition receptor-induced inflammatory signatures and alter antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Recent findings have suggested that component(s) contained in or secreted by S. mansoni eggs (soluble egg antigen) can also enhance IL-1β secretion by dendritic cells stimulated with pattern recognition receptor ligands. Here we show that omega-1 enhances IL-1β secretion in macrophages stimulated with Toll-like receptor 2 ligand, and propose omega-1 as the factor in soluble egg antigen capable of regulating inflammasome activity. This effect is dependent on the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1, caspase-8 and the ASC inflammasome adaptor protein, highlighting the ability of omega-1 to regulate multiple pattern recognition receptor signalling pathways. These mechanistic insights into manipulation of host immunity by a parasite product have implications for the design of anti-inflammatory therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Meghana N Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel W Hall
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - David W Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | - Paola Zaccone
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK.
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137
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Caputa G, Zhao S, Criado AEG, Ory DS, Duncan JG, Schaffer JE. RNASET2 is required for ROS propagation during oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Cell Death Differ 2015. [PMID: 26206090 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
RNASET2 is a ubiquitously expressed acidic ribonuclease that has been implicated in diverse pathophysiological processes including tumorigeneis, vitiligo, asthenozoospermia, and neurodegeneration. Prior studies indicate that RNASET2 is induced in response to oxidative stress and that overexpression of RNASET2 sensitizes cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cell death through a mechanism that is independent of catalytic activity. Herein, we report a loss-of-function genetic screen that identified RNASET2 as an essential gene for lipotoxic cell death. Haploinsufficiency of RNASET2 confers increased antioxidant capacity and generalized resistance to oxidative stress-mediated cell death in cultured cells. This function is critically dependent on catalytic activity. Furthermore, knockdown of RNASET2 in the Drosophila fat body confers increased survival in the setting of oxidative stress inducers. Together, these findings demonstrate that RNASET2 regulates antioxidant tone and is required for physiological ROS responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Caputa
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Zhao
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A E G Criado
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J G Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J E Schaffer
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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138
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Rojas H, Floyd B, Morriss SC, Bassham D, MacIntosh GC, Goldraij A. NnSR1, a class III non-S-RNase specifically induced in Nicotiana alata under phosphate deficiency, is localized in endoplasmic reticulum compartments. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:250-9. [PMID: 26025538 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A combined strategy of phosphate (Pi) remobilization from internal and external RNA sources seems to be conserved in plants exposed to Pi starvation. Thus far, the only ribonucleases (RNases) reported to be induced in Nicotiana alata undergoing Pi deprivation are extracellular S-like RNase NE and NnSR1. NnSR1 is a class III non S-RNase of unknown subcellular location. Here, we examine the hypothesis that NnSR1 is an intracellular RNase derived from the self-incompatibility system with specific expression in self-incompatible Nicotiana alata. NnSR1 was not induced in self-compatible Nicotiana species exposed to Pi deprivation. NnSR1 conjugated with a fluorescent protein and transiently expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts and Nicotiana leaves showed that the fusion protein co-localized with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker. Subcellular fractionation by ultracentrifugation of roots exposed to Pi deprivation revealed that the native NnSR1 migrated in parallel with the BiP protein, a typical ER marker. To our knowledge, NnSR1 is the first class III RNase reported to be localized in ER compartments. The induction of NnSR1 was detected earlier than the extracellular RNase NE, suggesting that intracellular RNA may be the first source of Pi used by the cell under Pi stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Rojas
- Dpto Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brice Floyd
- Dept of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Stephanie C Morriss
- Dept of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Diane Bassham
- Dept of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Gustavo C MacIntosh
- Dept of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Ariel Goldraij
- Dpto Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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139
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Peach SE, York K, Hesselberth JR. Global analysis of RNA cleavage by 5'-hydroxyl RNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:e108. [PMID: 26001965 PMCID: PMC4787814 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA cleavage by some endoribonucleases and self-cleaving ribozymes produces RNA fragments with 5′-hydroxyl (5′-OH) and 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate termini. To identify 5′-OH RNA fragments produced by these cleavage events, we exploited the unique ligation mechanism of Escherichia coli RtcB RNA ligase to attach an oligonucleotide linker to RNAs with 5′-OH termini, followed by steps for library construction and analysis by massively parallel DNA sequencing. We applied the method to RNA from budding yeast and captured known 5′-OH fragments produced by tRNA Splicing Endonuclease (SEN) during processing of intron-containing pre-tRNAs and by Ire1 cleavage of HAC1 mRNA following induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR). We identified numerous novel 5′-OH fragments derived from mRNAs: some 5′-OH mRNA fragments were derived from single, localized cleavages, while others were likely produced by multiple, distributed cleavages. Many 5′-OH fragments derived from mRNAs were produced upstream of codons for highly electrostatic peptides, suggesting that the fragments may be generated by co-translational mRNA decay. Several 5′-OH RNA fragments accumulated during the induction of the UPR, some of which share a common sequence motif that may direct cleavage of these mRNAs. This method enables specific capture of 5′-OH termini and complements existing methods for identifying RNAs with 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Peach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kerri York
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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140
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Xu Y, Lin J, Bian M, Chen W, Liang P, Wang X, Shang M, Qu H, Wu Z, Huang Y, Yu X. CsRNASET2 is an important component of Clonorchis sinensis responsible for eliciting Th2 immune response. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2371-9. [PMID: 25828812 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many parasites can trigger the host immune response by releasing excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs). CsRNASET2, a glycosylated T2 ribonuclease present in ESPs of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis, Cs), has recently been reported to possess potent effects in regulating mouse dendritic cells (DCs). However, it is unclear whether CsRNASET2 can induce adaptive immune response. In this study, we carried out further investigations on biochemical features of CsRNASET2. Besides, we immunized Balb/c mice with CsRNASET2 and orally infected Balb/c mice with C. sinensis, respectively. Sera of immunized mice were collected and evaluated for specific antibody titers by ELISA. Splenocytes of experimental mice were isolated and stimulated in vitro. The expression levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in splenocytes of immunized mice and infected mice were detected by ELISA and flow cytometry. Our results showed that the sequence of CsRNASET2 had close relationship with the homologue from Echinococcus multilocularis. The conserved active site (CAS) motifs, active histidine residues, and N-linked glycosylation region of CsRNASET2 were close to each other in the three-dimensional structure. In addition, sera of CsRNASET2 immunized mice had obviously higher levels of specific antibody titers. Splenocytes from both CsRNASET2 immunized mice and C. sinensis infected mice expressed increased levels of IL-4, while the production of IFN-γ exhibited no significant difference. Immunization with CsRNASET2 elicited Th2 immune response by promoting the synthesis of IL-4, consistent with the immune response initiated by infection of C. sinensis. Taken together, these data suggested that CsRNASET2 was important for C. sinensis to trigger Th2 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanquan Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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141
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Brisolara-Corrêa L, Thompson CE, Fernandes CL, de Freitas LB. Diversification and distinctive structural features of S-RNase alleles in the genus Solanum. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:987-1002. [PMID: 25501309 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The multigenic and multiallelic S-locus in plants is responsible for the gametophytic self-incompatibility system, which is important to prevent the detrimental effects of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression. Several studies have discussed the importance of punctual mutations, recombination, and natural selection in the generation of allelic diversity in the S-locus. However, there has been no wide-ranging study correlating the molecular evolution and structural aspects of the corresponding proteins in Solanum. Therefore, we evaluated the molecular evolution of one gene in this locus and generated a statistically well-supported phylogenetic tree, as well as evidence of positive selection, helping us to understand the diversification of S alleles in Solanum. The three-dimensional structures of some of the proteins corresponding to the major clusters of the phylogenetic tree were constructed and subsequently submitted to molecular dynamics to stabilize the folding and obtain the native structure. The positively selected amino acid residues were predominantly located in the hyper variable regions and on the surface of the protein, which appears to be fundamental for allele specificity. One of the positively selected residues was identified adjacent to a conserved strand that is crucial for enzymatic catalysis. Additionally, we have shown significant differences in the electrostatic potential among the predicted molecular surfaces in S-RNases. The structural results indicate that local changes in the three-dimensional structure are present in some regions of the molecule, although the general structure seems to be conserved. No previous study has described such structural variations in S-RNases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauís Brisolara-Corrêa
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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142
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Huang H, Kawamata T, Horie T, Tsugawa H, Nakayama Y, Ohsumi Y, Fukusaki E. Bulk RNA degradation by nitrogen starvation-induced autophagy in yeast. EMBO J 2014; 34:154-68. [PMID: 25468960 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process conserved among eukaryotes. Under nutrient starvation, a portion of the cytoplasm is non-selectively sequestered into autophagosomes. Consequently, ribosomes are delivered to the vacuole/lysosome for destruction, but the precise mechanism of autophagic RNA degradation and its physiological implications for cellular metabolism remain unknown. We characterized autophagy-dependent RNA catabolism using a combination of metabolome and molecular biological analyses in yeast. RNA delivered to the vacuole was processed by Rny1, a T2-type ribonuclease, generating 3'-NMPs that were immediately converted to nucleosides by the vacuolar non-specific phosphatase Pho8. In the cytoplasm, these nucleosides were broken down by the nucleosidases Pnp1 and Urh1. Most of the resultant bases were not re-assimilated, but excreted from the cell. Bulk non-selective autophagy causes drastic perturbation of metabolism, which must be minimized to maintain intracellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawamata
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Horie
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsugawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Ohsumi
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan
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143
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Ambrosio L, Morriss S, Riaz A, Bailey R, Ding J, MacIntosh GC. Phylogenetic analyses and characterization of RNase X25 from Drosophila melanogaster suggest a conserved housekeeping role and additional functions for RNase T2 enzymes in protostomes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105444. [PMID: 25133712 PMCID: PMC4136927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleases belonging to the RNase T2 family are enzymes associated with the secretory pathway that are almost absolutely conserved in all eukaryotes. Studies in plants and vertebrates suggest they have an important housekeeping function in rRNA recycling. However, little is known about this family of enzymes in protostomes. We characterized RNase X25, the only RNase T2 enzyme in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that RNase X25 is the major contributor of ribonuclease activity in flies as detected by in gel assays, and has an acidic pH preference. Gene expression analyses showed that the RNase X25 transcript is present in all adult tissues and developmental stages. RNase X25 expression is elevated in response to nutritional stresses; consistent with the hypothesis that this enzyme has a housekeeping role in recycling RNA. A correlation between induction of RNase X25 expression and autophagy was observed. Moreover, induction of gene expression was triggered by oxidative stress suggesting that RNase X25 may have additional roles in stress responses. Phylogenetic analyses of this family in protostomes showed that RNase T2 genes have undergone duplication events followed by divergence in several phyla, including the loss of catalytic residues, and suggest that RNase T2 proteins have acquired novel functions. Among those, it is likely that a role in host immunosuppression evolved independently in several groups, including parasitic Platyhelminthes and parasitoid wasps. The presence of only one RNase T2 gene in the D. melanogaster genome, without any other evident secretory RNase activity detected, makes this organism an ideal system to study the cellular functions of RNase T2 proteins associated with RNA recycling and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. On the other hand, the discovery of gene duplications in several protostome genomes also presents interesting new avenues to study additional biological functions of this ancient family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ambrosio
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LA); (GCM)
| | - Stephanie Morriss
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ayesha Riaz
- Interdepartmental Genetics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ryan Bailey
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jian Ding
- Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gustavo C. MacIntosh
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LA); (GCM)
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144
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Nishimura E, Jumyo S, Arai N, Kanna K, Kume M, Nishikawa JI, Tanase JI, Ohyama T. Structural and functional characteristics of S-like ribonucleases from carnivorous plants. PLANTA 2014; 240:147-59. [PMID: 24771022 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the S-like ribonucleases (RNases) share sequence homology with the S-RNases involved in the self-incompatibility mechanism in plants, they are not associated with this mechanism. They usually function in stress responses in non-carnivorous plants and in carnivory in carnivorous plants. In this study, we clarified the structures of the S-like RNases of Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Nepenthes bicalcarata and Sarracenia leucophylla, and compared them with those of other plants. At ten positions, amino acid residues are conserved or almost conserved only for carnivorous plants (six in total). In contrast, two positions are specific to non-carnivorous plants. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the S-like RNases of the carnivorous plants form a group beyond the phylogenetic relationships of the plants. We also prepared and characterized recombinant S-like RNases of Dionaea muscipula, Cephalotus follicularis, A. vesiculosa, N. bicalcarata and S. leucophylla, and RNS1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. The recombinant carnivorous plant enzymes showed optimum activities at about pH 4.0. Generally, poly(C) was digested less efficiently than poly(A), poly(I) and poly(U). The kinetic parameters of the recombinant D. muscipula enzyme (DM-I) and A. thaliana enzyme RNS1 were similar. The k cat/K m of recombinant RNS1 was the highest among the enzymes, followed closely by that of recombinant DM-I. On the other hand, the k cat/K m of the recombinant S. leucophylla enzyme was the lowest, and was ~1/30 of that for recombinant RNS1. The magnitudes of the k cat/K m values or k cat values for carnivorous plant S-like RNases seem to correlate negatively with the dependency on symbionts for prey digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Nishimura
- Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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145
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Cooper DA, Jha BK, Silverman RH, Hesselberth JR, Barton DJ. Ribonuclease L and metal-ion-independent endoribonuclease cleavage sites in host and viral RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:5202-16. [PMID: 24500209 PMCID: PMC4005677 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is a metal-ion–independent endoribonuclease associated with antiviral and antibacterial defense, cancer and lifespan. Despite the biological significance of RNase L, the RNAs cleaved by this enzyme are poorly defined. In this study, we used deep sequencing methods to reveal the frequency and location of RNase L cleavage sites within host and viral RNAs. To make cDNA libraries, we exploited the 2′, 3′-cyclic phosphate at the end of RNA fragments produced by RNase L and other metal-ion–independent endoribonucleases. We optimized and validated 2′, 3′-cyclic phosphate cDNA synthesis and Illumina sequencing methods using viral RNAs cleaved with purified RNase L, viral RNAs cleaved with purified RNase A and RNA from uninfected and poliovirus-infected HeLa cells. Using these methods, we identified (i) discrete regions of hepatitis C virus and poliovirus RNA genomes that were profoundly susceptible to RNase L and other single-strand specific endoribonucleases, (ii) RNase L-dependent and RNase L-independent cleavage sites within ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and (iii) 2′, 3′-cyclic phosphates at the ends of 5S rRNA and U6 snRNA. Monitoring the frequency and location of metal-ion–independent endoribonuclease cleavage sites within host and viral RNAs reveals, in part, how these enzymes contribute to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne A Cooper
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA and Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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146
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Jacobs AC, Blanchard CE, Catherman SC, Dunman PM, Murata Y. An ribonuclease T2 family protein modulates Acinetobacter baumannii abiotic surface colonization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85729. [PMID: 24489668 PMCID: PMC3904860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging bacterial pathogen of considerable medical concern. The organism's transmission and ability to cause disease has been associated with its propensity to colonize and form biofilms on abiotic surfaces in health care settings. To better understand the genetic determinants that affect biomaterial attachment, we performed a transposon mutagenesis analysis of abiotic surface-colonization using A. baumannii strain 98-37-09. Disruption of an RNase T2 family gene was found to limit the organism's ability to colonize polystyrene, polypropylene, glass, and stainless steel surfaces. DNA microarray analyses revealed that in comparison to wild type and complemented cells, the RNase T2 family mutant exhibited reduced expression of 29 genes, 15 of which are predicted to be associated with bacterial attachment and surface-associated motility. Motility assays confirmed that RNase T2 mutant displays a severe motility defect. Taken together, our results indicate that the RNase T2 family protein identified in this study is a positive regulator of A. baumannii's ability to colonize inanimate surfaces and motility. Moreover, the enzyme may be an effective target for the intervention of biomaterial colonization, and consequently limit the organism's transmission within the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Catlyn E. Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Seana C. Catherman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Dunman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PMD); (YM)
| | - Yoshihiko Murata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PMD); (YM)
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147
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Stress-induced RNASET2 overexpression mediates melanocyte apoptosis via the TRAF2 pathway in vitro. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1022. [PMID: 24457966 PMCID: PMC4040706 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recent genome-wide association study identified a link between vitiligo and genetic variants in the ribonuclease T2 (RNASET2) gene; however, the functional roles of RNASET2 in vitiligo pathogenesis or in melanocyte apoptosis have yet to be determined. The current study was designed to investigate the vitiligo-related expression pattern of RNASET2 and its molecular function involving apoptosis-related signaling proteins and pathways. The results showed overexpression of RNASET2 in epidermis specimens from 40 vitiligo patients compared with that from matched healthy controls. In addition, in vitro analyses indicated that overexpression of RNASET2 was inducible in cultured primary human melanocytes and keratinocytes by stress conditions, that is, exposure to UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, and inflammatory factors, respectively, and led to increased cell apoptosis via the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)-caspases pathway through the physical interaction of RNASET2 with TRAF2. Thus, RNASET2 may contribute to vitiligo pathogenesis by inhibiting TRAF2 expression and, as such, RNASET2 may represent a potential therapeutic target of vitiligo.
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148
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Zheng J, Wang Y, He Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Liu Q, Xie X. Overexpression of an S-like ribonuclease gene, OsRNS4, confers enhanced tolerance to high salinity and hyposensitivity to phytochrome-mediated light signals in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 214:99-105. [PMID: 24268167 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
S-like ribonucleases (S-like RNases) are homologous to S-ribonucleases (S-RNases), but are not involved in self-incompatibility. In dicotyledonous plants, S-like RNases play an important role in phosphate recycling during senescence and are induced by inorganic phosphate-starvation and in response to defense and mechanical wounding. However, little information about the functions of the S-like RNase in monocots has been reported. Here, we investigated the expression patterns and roles of an S-like RNase gene, OsRNS4, in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated responses and phytochrome-mediated light responses as well as salinity tolerance in rice. The OsRNS4 gene was expressed at relatively high levels in leaves although its transcripts were detected in various organs. OsRNS4 expression was regulated by salt, PEG and ABA. The seedlings overexpressing OsRNS4 had longer coleoptiles and first leaves than wild-type seedlings under red light (R) and far-red light (FR), suggesting negative regulation of OsRNS4 in photomorphogenesis in rice seedlings. Moreover, ABA-induced growth inhibition of rice seedlings was significantly increased in the OsRNS4-overexpression (OsRNS4-OX) lines compared with that in WT, suggesting that OsRNS4 probably acts as a positive regulator in ABA responses in rice seedlings. In addition, our results demonstrate that OsRNS4-OX lines have enhanced tolerance to high salinity compared to WT. Our findings supply new evidence on the functions of monocot S-like RNase in regulating photosensitivity and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, 250100 Jinan, China.
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149
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Molecular characterization and immune modulation properties of Clonorchis sinensis-derived RNASET2. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:360. [PMID: 24365605 PMCID: PMC3878043 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis, Cs) is a trematode parasite that often causes chronic cumulative infections in the hepatobiliary ducts of the host and can lead to pathological changes by continuously released excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs). A T2 ribonuclease in trematode ESPs, has been identified as a potent regulator of dendritic cell (DCs) modulation. We wondered whether there was a counterpart present in CsESPs with similar activity. To gain a better understanding of CsESPs associated immune responses, we identified and characterized RNASET2 of C. sinensis (CsRNASET2) in this paper. METHODS We expressed CsRNASET2 in Pichia pastoris and identified its molecular characteristics using bioinformatic analysis and experimental approaches. The immune modulation activities of CsRNASET2 were confirmed by evaluating cytokine production and surface markers of recombinant CsRNASET2 (rCsRNASET2) co-cultured DCs, and monitoring levels of IgG isotypes from rCsRNASET2 administered BALB/c mice. RESULTS CsRNASET2 appeared to be a glycoprotein of T2 ribonuclease family harboring conserved CAS motifs and rich in B-cell epitopes. Furthermore, CsRNASET2 was present in CsESPs and was able to modulate cytokine production of DCs. In addition, rCsRNASET2 could significantly suppress the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced DCs maturation markers. In addition, when subcutaneously administered with rCsRNASET2 there was a marked effect on IgG isotypes in mouse sera. CONCLUSION Collectively, we revealed that CsRNASET2, a T2 ribonuclease present in CsESPs, could modulate DCs maturation and might play an important role in C. sinensis associated immune regulation in the host.
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150
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Rojas HJ, Roldán JA, Goldraij A. NnSR1, a class III non-S-RNase constitutively expressed in styles, is induced in roots and stems under phosphate deficiency in Nicotiana alata. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1351-60. [PMID: 24047716 PMCID: PMC3806536 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-S-ribonucleases (non-S-RNases) are class III T2 RNases constitutively expressed in styles of species with S-RNase-based self-incompatibility. So far, no function has been attributed to these RNases. The aim of this work is to examine if NnSR1, a non-S-RNase from Nicotiana alata, is induced under conditions of phosphate (Pi) deprivation. The hypothesis is that under Pi-limited conditions, non-S-RNase functions may resemble the role of S-like RNases. To date, the only RNases reported to be induced by Pi deficiency are class I and class II S-like RNases, which are phylogenetically different from the class III clade of RNases. METHODS Gene and protein expression of NnSR1 were assayed in plants grown hydroponically with and without Pi, by combining RT-PCR, immunoblot and enzymatic activity approaches. KEY RESULTS NnSR1 transcripts were detected in roots 7 d after Pi deprivation and remained stable for several days. Transcript expression was correlated based on Pi availability in the culture medium. Antiserum against a peptide based on a hypervariable domain of NnSR1 recognized NnSR1 in roots and stems but not leaves exposed to Pi shortage. NnSR1 was not detected in culture medium and was pelleted with the microsomal fraction, suggesting that it was membrane-associated or included in large compartments. The anti-NnSR1 inhibited selectively the enzymatic activity of a 31-kDa RNase indicating that NnSR1 was induced in an enzymatically active form. CONCLUSIONS The induction of NnSR1 indicates that there is a general recruitment of all classes of T2 RNases in response to Pi shortage. NnSR1 appears to have regained ancestral functions of class III RNases related to strategies to cope with Pi limitation and also possibly with other environmental challenges. This constitutes the first report for a specific function of class III RNases other than S-RNases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariel Goldraij
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC–CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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