101
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Gerstorferová D, Fliedrová B, Halada P, Marhol P, Křen V, Weignerová L. Recombinant α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus in selective trimming of rutin. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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102
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Cobucci-Ponzano B, Zorzetti C, Strazzulli A, Bedini E, Corsaro MM, Sulzenbacher G, Rossi M, Moracci M. Exploitation of β-glycosyl azides for the preparation of α-glycosynthases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.679814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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103
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Carbohydrate synthesis and biosynthesis technologies for cracking of the glycan code: recent advances. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:17-37. [PMID: 22484115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The glycan code of glycoproteins can be conceptually defined at molecular level by the sequence of well characterized glycans attached to evolutionarily predetermined amino acids along the polypeptide chain. Functional consequences of protein glycosylation are numerous, and include a hierarchy of properties from general physicochemical characteristics such as solubility, stability and protection of the polypeptide from the environment up to specific glycan interactions. Definition of the glycan code for glycoproteins has been so far hampered by the lack of chemically defined glycoprotein glycoforms that proved to be extremely difficult to purify from natural sources, and the total chemical synthesis of which has been hitherto possible only for very small molecular species. This review summarizes the recent progress in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of complex glycans and their protein conjugates. Progress in our understanding of the ways in which a particular glycoprotein glycoform gives rise to a unique set of functional properties is now having far reaching implications for the biotechnology of important glycodrugs such as therapeutical monoclonal antibodies, glycoprotein hormones, carbohydrate conjugates used for vaccination and other practically important protein-carbohydrate conjugates.
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104
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Cobucci-Ponzano B, Moracci M. Glycosynthases as tools for the production of glycan analogs of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:697-709. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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105
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Cobucci-Ponzano B, Perugino G, Strazzulli A, Rossi M, Moracci M. Thermophilic Glycosynthases for Oligosaccharides Synthesis. Methods Enzymol 2012; 510:273-300. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415931-0.00015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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106
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Mótyán JA, Fazekas E, Mori H, Svensson B, Bagossi P, Kandra L, Gyémánt G. Transglycosylation by barley α-amylase 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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107
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Rodriguez-Colinas B, de Abreu MA, Fernandez-Arrojo L, de Beer R, Poveda A, Jimenez-Barbero J, Haltrich D, Ballesteros Olmo AO, Fernandez-Lobato M, Plou FJ. Production of Galacto-oligosaccharides by the β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis : comparative analysis of permeabilized cells versus soluble enzyme. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10477-10484. [PMID: 21888310 DOI: 10.1021/jf2022012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The transgalactosylation activity of Kluyveromyces lactis cells was studied in detail. Cells were permeabilized with ethanol and further lyophilized to facilitate the transit of substrates and products. The resulting biocatalyst was assayed for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and compared with two soluble β-galactosidases from K. lactis (Lactozym 3000 L HP G and Maxilact LGX 5000). Using 400 g/L lactose, the maximum GOS yield, measured by HPAEC-PAD analysis, was 177 g/L (44% w/w of total carbohydrates). The major products synthesized were the disaccharides 6-galactobiose [Gal-β(1→6)-Gal] and allolactose [Gal-β(1→6)-Glc], as well as the trisaccharide 6-galactosyl-lactose [Gal-β(1→6)-Gal-β(1→4)-Glc], which was characterized by MS and 2D NMR. Structural characterization of another synthesized disaccharide, Gal-β(1→3)-Glc, was carried out. GOS yield obtained with soluble β-galactosidases was slightly lower (160 g/L for Lactozym 3000 L HP G and 154 g/L for Maxilact LGX 5000); however, the typical profile with a maximum GOS concentration followed by partial hydrolysis of the newly formed oligosaccharides was not observed with the soluble enzymes. Results were correlated with the higher stability of β-galactosidase when permeabilized whole cells were used.
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108
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Drozdová A, Bojarová P, Křenek K, Weignerová L, Henßen B, Elling L, Christensen H, Jensen HH, Pelantová H, Kuzma M, Bezouška K, Krupová M, Adámek D, Slámová K, Křen V. Enzymatic synthesis of dimeric glycomimetic ligands of NK cell activation receptors. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1599-609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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109
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110
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López-Munguía A, Hernández-Romero Y, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Miranda-Molina A, Regla I, Martínez A, Castillo E. Phenylpropanoid glycoside analogues: enzymatic synthesis, antioxidant activity and theoretical study of their free radical scavenger mechanism. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20115. [PMID: 21674039 PMCID: PMC3108595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs) are natural compounds present in several medicinal plants that have high antioxidant power and diverse biological activities. Because of their low content in plants (less than 5% w/w), several chemical synthetic routes to produce PPGs have been developed, but their synthesis is a time consuming process and the achieved yields are often low. In this study, an alternative and efficient two-step biosynthetic route to obtain natural PPG analogues is reported for the first time. Two galactosides were initially synthesized from vanillyl alcohol and homovanillyl alcohol by a transgalactosylation reaction catalyzed by Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase in saturated lactose solutions with a 30%-35% yield. To synthesize PPGs, the galactoconjugates were esterified with saturated and unsaturated hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives using Candida antarctica Lipase B (CaL-B) as a biocatalyst with 40%-60% yields. The scavenging ability of the phenolic raw materials, intermediates and PPGs was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) method. It was found that the biosynthesized PPGs had higher scavenging abilities when compared to ascorbic acid, the reference compound, while their antioxidant activities were found similar to that of natural PPGs. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to determine that the PPGs antioxidant mechanism proceeds through a sequential proton loss single electron transfer (SPLET). The enzymatic process reported in this study is an efficient and versatile route to obtain PPGs from different phenylpropanoid acids, sugars and phenolic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín López-Munguía
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Yanet Hernández-Romero
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, México Distrito Federal (DF), México
| | - Alfonso Miranda-Molina
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ignacio Regla
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla del 5 de mayo y Fuerte de Loreto, México Distrito Federal (DF), México
| | - Ana Martínez
- Departamento de Materia Condensada y Criogenia, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México Distrito Federal (DF), México
- * E-mail: (EC); (AM)
| | - Edmundo Castillo
- Departamento Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail: (EC); (AM)
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111
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Ryšlavá H, Kalendová A, Doubnerová V, Skočdopol P, Kumar V, Kukačka Z, Pompach P, Vaněk O, Slámová K, Bojarová P, Kulik N, Ettrich R, Křen V, Bezouška K. Enzymatic characterization and molecular modeling of an evolutionarily interesting fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidase. FEBS J 2011; 278:2469-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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112
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Li T, Guo L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang W, Lin J, Zhao W, Wang PG. Structure–activity relationships in a series of C2-substituted gluco-configured tetrahydroimidazopyridines as β-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2136-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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113
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Kim JY, Lee JW, Kim YS, Lee Y, Ryu YB, Kim S, Ryu HW, Curtis-Long MJ, Lee KW, Lee WS, Park KH. A novel competitive class of α-glucosidase inhibitors: (E)-1-phenyl-3-(4-styrylphenyl)urea derivatives. Chembiochem 2011; 11:2125-31. [PMID: 20827790 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Competitive glycosidase inhibitors are generally sugar mimics that are costly and tedious to obtain because they require challenging and elongated chemical synthesis, which must be stereo- and regiocontrolled. Here, we show that readily accessible achiral (E)-1-phenyl-3-(4-strylphenyl)ureas are potent competitive α-glucosidase inhibitors. A systematic synthesis study shows that the 1-phenyl moiety on the urea is critical for ensuring competitive inhibition, and substituents on both terminal phenyl groups contribute to inhibition potency. The most potent inhibitor, compound 12 (IC(50)=8.4 μM, K(i)=3.2 μM), manifested a simple slow-binding inhibition profile for α-glucosidase with the kinetic parameters k(3)=0.005256 μM(-1) min(-1), k(4)=0.003024 min(-1), and K(i)(app) =0.5753 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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114
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115
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Luley-Goedl C, Nidetzky B. Glycosides as compatible solutes: biosynthesis and applications. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:875-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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116
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Vuong TV, Wilson DB. Glycoside hydrolases: catalytic base/nucleophile diversity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:195-205. [PMID: 20552664 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that a number of glycoside hydrolase families do not follow the classical catalytic mechanisms, as they lack a typical catalytic base/nucleophile. A variety of mechanisms are used to replace this function, including substrate-assisted catalysis, a network of several residues, and the use of non-carboxylate residues or exogenous nucleophiles. Removal of the catalytic base/nucleophile by mutation can have a profound impact on substrate specificity, producing enzymes with completely new functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu V Vuong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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117
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Nakatani Y, Lamont IL, Cutfield JF. Discovery and characterization of a distinctive exo-1,3/1,4-{beta}-glucanase from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain BB1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6760-8. [PMID: 20729316 PMCID: PMC2953027 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00758-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria residing on local red, green, and brown seaweeds were screened for exo-1,3-β-glucanase (ExoP) activity. Of the 90 bacterial species isolated from 32 seaweeds, only one, a Pseudoalteromonas sp., was found to display such activity. It was isolated from a Durvillaea sp., a brown kelp known to contain significant amounts of the storage polysaccharide laminarin (1,3-β-D-glucan with some 1,6-β branching). Four chromatographic steps were utilized to purify the enzyme (ExoP). Chymotryptic digestion provided peptide sequences for primer design and subsequent gene cloning. The exoP gene coded for 840 amino acids and was located just 50 bp downstream from a putative lichenase (endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase) gene, suggesting possible cotranscription of these genes. Sequence comparisons revealed ExoP to be clustered within a group of bacterial glycosidases with high similarity to a group of glycoside hydrolase (GH3) plant enzymes, of which the barley exo-1,3/1,4-β-glucanase (ExoI) is the best characterized. The major difference between the bacterial and plant proteins is an extra 200- to 220-amino-acid extension at the C terminus of the former. This additional sequence does not correlate with any known functional domain, but ExoP was not active against laminarin when this region was removed. Production of recombinant ExoP allowed substrate specificity studies to be performed. The enzyme was found to possess similar levels of exoglucanase activity against both 1,4-β linkages and 1,3-β linkages, and so ExoP is designated an exo-1,3/1,4-β-exoglucanase, the first such bacterial enzyme to be characterized. This broader specificity could allow the enzyme to assist in digesting both cell wall cellulose and cytoplasmic laminarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nakatani
- Biochemistry Department, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Iain L. Lamont
- Biochemistry Department, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John F. Cutfield
- Biochemistry Department, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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118
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Lu L, Xu X, Gu G, Jin L, Xiao M, Wang F. Synthesis of novel galactose containing chemicals by beta-galactosidase from Enterobacter cloacae B5. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:6868-6872. [PMID: 20395133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The beta-galactosidase from Enterobacter cloacae B5 was employed to synthesize novel galactose containing chemicals (GCCs) using mannitol, sorbose, and salicin as acceptors in the presence of o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (oNPGal) as donor. The influences of the process parameters on GCC synthesis using mannitol as an acceptor, including effects of variations in initial substrate concentration, reaction time, and temperature, were studied in detail. The mannitol derivative reached a yield of 14.6% when the enzyme was used in the presence of 30 mM oNPGal and 60mM mannitol at 50 degrees C for 10 min. The sorbose and salicin derivatives reached yields of 19.4% and 25.2%, respectively, under the same conditions except for acceptor concentrations. Through analysis of ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy, the three derivatives were identified to be beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->1')-D-mannitol, beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->1')-l-sorbose, and 2-(hydroxymethyl) phenyl beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6')-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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119
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Luley-Goedl C, Sawangwan T, Brecker L, Wildberger P, Nidetzky B. Regioselective O-glucosylation by sucrose phosphorylase: a promising route for functional diversification of a range of 1,2-propanediols. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1736-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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120
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Bojarová P, Křen V. Azido leaving group in enzymatic synthesis-small and efficient. CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849730891-00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bojarová
- Center of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague Hlavova 8 CZ 128 40 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Center of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
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121
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González-Teuber M, Pozo MJ, Muck A, Svatos A, Adame-Álvarez RM, Heil M. Glucanases and chitinases as causal agents in the protection of Acacia extrafloral nectar from infestation by phytopathogens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 152:1705-15. [PMID: 20023149 PMCID: PMC2832240 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.148478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nectars are rich in primary metabolites and attract mutualistic animals, which serve as pollinators or as an indirect defense against herbivores. Their chemical composition makes nectars prone to microbial infestation. As protective strategy, floral nectar of ornamental tobacco (Nicotiana langsdorffii x Nicotiana sanderae) contains "nectarins," proteins producing reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide. By contrast, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were detected in Acacia extrafloral nectar (EFN), which is secreted in the context of defensive ant-plant mutualisms. We investigated whether these PR proteins protect EFN from phytopathogens. Five sympatric species (Acacia cornigera, A. hindsii, A. collinsii, A. farnesiana, and Prosopis juliflora) were compared that differ in their ant-plant mutualism. EFN of myrmecophytes, which are obligate ant-plants that secrete EFN constitutively to nourish specialized ant inhabitants, significantly inhibited the growth of four out of six tested phytopathogenic microorganisms. By contrast, EFN of nonmyrmecophytes, which is secreted only transiently in response to herbivory, did not exhibit a detectable inhibitory activity. Combining two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that PR proteins represented over 90% of all proteins in myrmecophyte EFN. The inhibition of microbial growth was exerted by the protein fraction, but not the small metabolites of this EFN, and disappeared when nectar was heated. In-gel assays demonstrated the activity of acidic and basic chitinases in all EFNs, whereas glucanases were detected only in EFN of myrmecophytes. Our results demonstrate that PR proteins causally underlie the protection of Acacia EFN from microorganisms and that acidic and basic glucanases likely represent the most important prerequisite in this defensive function.
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122
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Enzymatic Processing of Bioactive Glycosides from Natural Sources. CARBOHYDRATES IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT II 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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123
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Acebrón I, Curiel JA, de las Rivas B, Muñoz R, Mancheño JM. Cloning, production, purification and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a glycosidase from the food lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 748T. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 68:177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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