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Neefs J, Boekholdt SM, Khaw KT, Luben R, Pfister R, Wareham NJ, Meulendijks ER, Sanders P, de Groot JR. Body mass index and body fat distribution and new-onset atrial fibrillation: Substudy of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:692-700. [PMID: 31079869 PMCID: PMC7340538 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Obesity is a recognized risk factor for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). The association between body fat distribution, which is measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), its changes, and new-onset AF is conflicting. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk cohort study were included, with exclusion criteria of prevalent AF, rheumatic heart disease, and cancer. AF was confirmed by the International Classification of Diseases-10 hospital discharge code I48. Adjusted sex-specific Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify the AF risk per 1 standard deviation increase and for quintiles of adiposity indices. A total of 10,885 men and 12,857 women were followed up for a median of 19 years, yielding 451,098 person-years. New-onset AF was diagnosed in 1408 (12.9%) men and 1102 (8.6%) women. Multivariable analyses showed that BMI predicted new-onset AF in all, while WHR predicted only in men. New-onset AF risk gradually increased across the range of adiposity indices: for men in the highest BMI quintile, HR: 1.59 (CI 1.32-1.91, p for trend<0.001), whereas for women in the highest BMI quintile, HR: 1.52 (CI 1.23-1.88, p for trend<0.001). Further, for men in the highest WHR quintile, HR: 1.31 (CI 1.09-1.57, p for trend: 0.01), whereas for women in the highest WHR quintile, HR: 1.12 (CI 0.90-1.41, p for trend: 0.17). The change in BMI and WHR was similar in participants with or without new-onset AF. CONCLUSIONS An increased body mass, as measured by BMI, is associated with an increased risk of developing new-onset AF. More abdominal fat distribution, as measured by WHR, is associated with an increased risk of developing new-onset AF in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Neefs
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S M Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K-T Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Pfister
- Department III of Internal Medicine, Heart Centre of the University of Cologne, Germany
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E R Meulendijks
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders (CHRD), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J R de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Castañeda D, Gabani M, Choi SK, Nguyen QM, Chen C, Mapara A, Kassan A, Gonzalez AA, Ait-Aissa K, Kassan M. Targeting Autophagy in Obesity-Associated Heart Disease. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1050-1058. [PMID: 30938942 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the increasing rates of obesity have led to an alarming obesity epidemic worldwide. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases; thus, it is essential to define the molecular mechanisms by which obesity affects heart function. Individuals with obesity and overweight have shown changes in cardiac structure and function, leading to cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, and arrhythmia. Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling mechanism that delivers proteins and damaged organelles to lysosomes for degradation. In the hearts of patients and mouse models with obesity, this process is impaired. Furthermore, it has been shown that autophagy flux restoration in obesity models improves cardiac function. Therefore, autophagy may play an important role in mitigating the adverse effects of obesity on the heart. Throughout this review, we will discuss the benefits of autophagy on the heart in obesity and how regulating autophagy might be a therapeutic tool to reduce the risk of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Castañeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohanad Gabani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Quynh My Nguyen
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China, Shanghai
| | - Ayesha Mapara
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Modar Kassan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Humeres C, Frangogiannis NG. Fibroblasts in the Infarcted, Remodeling, and Failing Heart. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:449-467. [PMID: 31312768 PMCID: PMC6610002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Expansion and activation of fibroblasts following cardiac injury is important for repair but may also contribute to fibrosis, remodeling, and dysfunction. The authors discuss the dynamic alterations of fibroblasts in failing and remodeling myocardium. Emerging concepts suggest that fibroblasts are not unidimensional cells that act exclusively by secreting extracellular matrix proteins, thus promoting fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. In addition to their involvement in extracellular matrix expansion, activated fibroblasts may also exert protective actions, preserving the cardiac extracellular matrix, transducing survival signals to cardiomyocytes, and regulating inflammation and angiogenesis. The functional diversity of cardiac fibroblasts may reflect their phenotypic heterogeneity.
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Key Words
- AT1, angiotensin type 1
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- IL, interleukin
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MRTF, myocardin-related transcription factor
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- ROCK, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TRP, transient receptor potential
- cytokines
- extracellular matrix
- fibroblast
- infarction
- lncRNA, long noncoding ribonucleic acid
- miRNA, micro–ribonucleic acid
- remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Humeres
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Yuan H, Fan Y, Wang Y, Gao T, Shao Y, Zhao B, Li H, Xu C, Wei C. Calcium‑sensing receptor promotes high glucose‑induced myocardial fibrosis via upregulation of the TGF‑β1/Smads pathway in cardiac fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1093-1102. [PMID: 31173208 PMCID: PMC6625450 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes and myocardial fibrosis is its major pathological feature. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor and participates in the regulation of calcium homeostasis; it is implicated in a range of diseases, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction and pulmonary hypertension. However, whether CaSR is associated with myocardial fibrosis in DCM has remained elusive. In the present study, type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats and primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were used to observe changes in CaSR to assess its potential as an indicator of myocardial fibrosis. The in vivo experiments revealed that in the T1D and CaSR agonist (R568) groups, evident collagen (Col)-I and -III deposition was present after 12 weeks. Furthermore, the in vitro experiment indicated that the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, phosphorylated (p-) protein kinase C, p-p38, p-Smad2, TβRI, TβRII, along with the intracellular Ca2+ levels and the content of TGF-β1 in the culture medium were significantly increased in a high-glucose (HG) group and an R568-treated group. Treatment with the CaSR inhibitor Calhex231 significantly inhibited the abovementioned changes. Collectively, the results indicated that the increase of CaSR expression in CFs may induce intracellular Ca2+ increases and the activation of TGF-β1/Smads, and enhance the proliferation of CFs, along with the excessive deposition of Col, resulting in myocardial fibrosis. The present results indicate an important novel mechanism for HG-induced myocardial fibrosis and suggest that CaSR may be a promising potential therapeutic target for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Tielei Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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105
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Magnuson AM, Regan DP, Booth AD, Fouts JK, Solt CM, Hill JL, Dow SW, Foster MT. High-fat diet induced central adiposity (visceral fat) is associated with increased fibrosis and decreased immune cellularity of the mesenteric lymph node in mice. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1641-1654. [PMID: 31165249 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulation of visceral, but not subcutaneous, adipose tissue is highly associated with metabolic disease. Inflammation inciting from adipose tissue is commonly associated with metabolic disease risk and comorbidities. However, constituents of the immune system, lymph nodes, embedded within these adipose depots remain under-investigated. We hypothesize that, lymph nodes are inherently distinct and differentially respond to diet-induced obesity much like the adipose depots they reside in. METHODS Adipose tissue and lymph nodes were collected from the visceral and inguinal depots of male mice fed 13 weeks of standard CHOW or high fat diet (HFD). Immune cells were isolated from tissues, counted and characterized by flow cytometry or plated for proliferative capacity following Concanavalin A stimulation. Lymph node size and fibrosis area were also characterized. RESULTS In HFD fed mice visceral adipose tissue accumulation was associated with significant enlargement of the lymph node encased within. The subcutaneous lymph node did not change. Compared with mice fed CHOW for 13 weeks, mice fed HFD had a decline in immune cell populations and immune cell proliferative ability, as well as, exacerbated fibrosis accumulation, within the visceral, but not subcutaneous, lymph node. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with impaired immunity and increased susceptibility to disease. Excessive visceral adiposity and associated inflammation driven by diet likely leads to obesity-induced immune suppression by way of lymph node/lymphatic system pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Magnuson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Andrea D Booth
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Josephine K Fouts
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Claudia M Solt
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jessica L Hill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Steve W Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Solt CM, Hill JL, Vanderpool K, Foster MT. Obesity-induced immune dysfunction and immunosuppression: TEM observation of visceral and subcutaneous lymph node microarchitecture and immune cell interactions. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 39:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0083/hmbci-2018-0083.xml. [PMID: 31136298 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation, induced by excessive adiposity, links obesity to disease risk yet little attention has been devoted to the lymphoid tissues embedded within adipose tissue depots. Lymph nodes are the primary site for the development of protective immunity, hence any disease process that affects these tissues will also directly impact immunity. Here we examined how obesity alters secondary lymphatic tissue structure and encapsulated immune cells. Materials and methods Four-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed standard rodent chow or a Western high fat diet (HFD) for 6 months. Center regions of visceral and subcutaneous lymph nodes (SQLNS) were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Compared with chow, HFD-induced obesity deleteriously modified the structural microarchitecture and immune cell morphology of visceral and SQLNs. In HFD mice, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) were dysregulated while laying among excessive amounts of disorganized collagen (C). In addition HFD lymph nodes contained a disproportionate amount of cellular debris from damaged or dead cells, increased sinus spacing and decreased immune cell interactions. Specifically, dendritic cells (DCs) that are necessary for adaptive immune response where embedded among extracellular debris with decreased pseudopodia. Similarly, the extraneous fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) in HFD mice limited contact between lymphocytes (LCs) causing their microvilli extensions to decrease. Discussion Overall, excessive C production within lymph nodes, driven by diet-induced obesity, creates a physical barrier that impedes proper lymph flow and cellular communication. Obesity-induced disorganization of the immune cell guidance network interrupts immune cell adhesion and consequently inhibits travel within cortex regions needed for cell interactions, survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Solt
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jessica L Hill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kim Vanderpool
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA, Phone: +(970) 491-6189; Fax: +(970) 491-3875
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107
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Warbrick I, Rabkin SW. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) as a factor mediating the relationship between obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Obes Rev 2019; 20:701-712. [PMID: 30828970 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a common condition with an increased mortality, is strongly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The latter two conditions are associated with increased epicardial fat that can extend into the heart. This review advances the proposition that hypoxia-inhibitory factor-1α (HIF-1α) maybe a key factor producing HFpEF. HIF-1α, a highly conserved transcription factor that plays a key role in tissue response to hypoxia, is increased in adipose tissue in obesity. Increased HIF-1α expression leads to expression of a potent profibrotic transcriptional programme involving collagen I, III, IV, TIMP, and lysyl oxidase. The net effect is the formation of collagen fibres leading to fibrosis. HIF-1α is also responsible for recruiting M1 macrophages that mediate obesity-associated inflammation, releasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β with increased expression of thrombospondin, pro α2 (I) collagen, transforming growth factor β, NADPH oxidase, and connective tissue growth factor. These factors can accelerate cardiac fibrosis and impair cardiac diastolic function. Inhibition of HIF-1α expression in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet suppressed fibrosis and reduces inflammation in adipose tissue. Delineation of the role played by HIF-1α in obesity-associated HFpEF may lead to new potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Warbrick
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon W Rabkin
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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108
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Zhang W, Chen H, Sun C, Wu B, Bai B, Liu H, Shan X, Liang G, Zhang Y. A novel resveratrol analog PA19 attenuates obesity‑induced cardiac and renal injury by inhibiting inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4770-4778. [PMID: 31059027 PMCID: PMC6522815 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health concern and induces numerous complications, such as heart and kidney injury. Inflammation is an important pathogenic mechanism underlying obesity‑associated tissue injury. (1E,4E)‑1‑{2,4‑Dimethoxy‑6‑[(E)‑4‑methoxystyryl]phenyl}‑5‑(2,4‑dimethoxyphenyl)penta‑1,4‑dien‑3‑one (PA19) is a novel anti‑inflammatory compound synthesized by our research group. In the present study, the efficacy of PA19 in attenuating high‑fat diet (HFD)‑induced heart and kidney injury was investigated. Heart and kidney pathological injury and fibrosis were detected by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining, respectively. The expression levels of inflammatory genes and fibrosis‑associated protein were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. ELISA was used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines. Following 20 weeks of HFD treatment, mice exhibited increased lipid accumulation in the serum, heart and kidney injury and fibrosis, and inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration compared with mice fed a control diet. Conversely, treatment with PA19 during the final 12 weeks of the study significantly reduced the degree of heart and kidney fibrosis and inflammation induced by HFD. The results suggested that PA19 attenuates heart and kidney inflammation and injury induced by HFD, and indicated that PA19 may be a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity, and obesity‑induced cardiac and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Chuchu Sun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Bai
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoou Shan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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Mahmoudi A, Ghatreh Samani K, Amini SA, Heidarian E. Effects of Pioglitazone On the Lipid Profile, Serum Antioxidant Capacity, and UCP1 Gene Expression in Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 8:15-20. [PMID: 31334282 PMCID: PMC6590946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity and improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of pioglitazone on the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), and on recovery from oxidative stress due to a high-fat diet. METHODS 30 mice were divided into three groups: group 1 received a normal diet, group 2 received a high-fat diet, and group 3 received a high-fat diet plus 30 mg/kg pioglitazone. After treatment, the cholesterol, triglyceride, paraoxonase 1 (PON1), total serum antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and specific activity of hepatic catalase were measured. BAT UCP1 expression was evaluated at both the mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS The weights differed between the groups (p<0.05). Serum MDA was greater and TAC, liver catalase, and PON1 were less than in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.05). In Serum MDA was less and catalase activity was greater in group 3 than in group 2 (p<0.05). UCP1 gene expression was less in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.05) but greater than in group 3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Pioglitazone may have a protective role in high-fat-diet-induced oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant capacity. Moreover, it can induce weight loss by increasing UCP1 mRNA and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
| | - Keihan Ghatreh Samani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
| | - Seyed Asadollah Amini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran.
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Siebermair J, Suksaranjit P, McGann CJ, Peterson KA, Kheirkhahan M, Baher AA, Damal K, Wakili R, Marrouche NF, Wilson BD. Atrial fibrosis in non-atrial fibrillation individuals and prediction of atrial fibrillation by use of late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:550-556. [PMID: 30661270 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Besides the traditional concept of atrial fibrillation (AF) perpetuating atrial structural remodeling, there is increasing evidence that atrial fibrosis might precede AF, highlighting the need for better characterization of the fibrotic substrate. We aimed to assess atrial fibrosis by use of late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) in non-AF individuals and to identify predisposing risk factors. A second aim was to establish a risk score for the prevalence of AF using atrial fibrosis in addition to established clinical variables. METHODS AND RESULTS Non-AF individuals without structural heart disease (n = 91) and matched AF controls (n = 91) underwent MRI for assessment of LGE. According to the established UTAH classification, atrial LGE ≥20% was considered extensive. Mean left atrial (LA) fibrosis in non-AF and AF individuals were 8.8 ± 6.5% and 12.5 ± 5.8%, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m 2 and LA volume were predictors of atrial fibrosis. Diastolic function was not significantly different with respect to atrial fibrosis. A novel scoring system for the prevalence of AF (2 points for arterial hypertension and/or left ventricular ejection fraction <55%; 3 points for atrial fibrosis >6%) was derived demonstrating that patients in the intermediate/high-risk group had a significantly increased risk of AF. CONCLUSION This study reports unexpectedly high atrial fibrosis in non-AF patients without apparent heart disease, highlighting the concept that structural fibrotic alterations may precede AF onset in a significant proportion of individuals. BMI as a predictor of atrial fibrosis suggests that lifestyle and drug intervention, that is, weight reduction, could positively influence fibrosis development. The derived risk score for AF prevalence provides the basis for prospective studies on AF incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Siebermair
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Essen Medical School, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cardiovascular Research Center (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Promporn Suksaranjit
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Cardiology, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa.,Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Christopher J McGann
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Mobin Kheirkhahan
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alex A Baher
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kavitha Damal
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Reza Wakili
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Essen Medical School, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cardiovascular Research Center (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nassir F Marrouche
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brent D Wilson
- Comprehensive Arrhythmia Research & Management Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Yakubova A, Thorrez L, Svetlichnyy D, Zwarts L, Vulsteke V, Laenen G, Oosterlinck W, Moreau Y, Dehaspe L, Van Houdt J, Cortés-Calabuig Á, De Moor B, Callaerts P, Herijgers P. ACE-inhibition induces a cardioprotective transcriptional response in the metabolic syndrome heart. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16169. [PMID: 30385846 PMCID: PMC6212468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome has a high prevalence, but the mechanistic basis of metabolic cardiomyopathy remains poorly understood. We characterised the cardiac transcriptome in a murine metabolic syndrome (MetS) model (LDLR−/−; ob/ob, DKO) relative to the healthy, control heart (C57BL/6, WT) and the transcriptional changes induced by ACE-inhibition in those hearts. RNA-Seq, differential gene expression and transcription factor analysis identified 288 genes differentially expressed between DKO and WT hearts implicating 72 pathways. Hallmarks of metabolic cardiomyopathy were increased activity in integrin-linked kinase signalling, Rho signalling, dendritic cell maturation, production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in macrophages, atherosclerosis, LXR-RXR signalling, cardiac hypertrophy, and acute phase response pathways. ACE-inhibition had a limited effect on gene expression in WT (55 genes, 23 pathways), and a prominent effect in DKO hearts (1143 genes, 104 pathways). In DKO hearts, ACE-I appears to counteract some of the MetS-specific pathways, while also activating cardioprotective mechanisms. We conclude that MetS and control murine hearts have unique transcriptional profiles and exhibit a partially specific transcriptional response to ACE-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Yakubova
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Cardiac Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Interdisciplinary Research Facility, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Dmitry Svetlichnyy
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Computational Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Zwarts
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Vulsteke
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Griet Laenen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT - STADIUS, Stadius Centre for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Oosterlinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Cardiac Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Moreau
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT - STADIUS, Stadius Centre for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Dehaspe
- Department of Human Genetics, Genomics Core, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Houdt
- Department of Human Genetics, Genomics Core, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Álvaro Cortés-Calabuig
- Department of Human Genetics, Genomics Core, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Moor
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT - STADIUS, Stadius Centre for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Callaerts
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Paul Herijgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit of Cardiac Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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112
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Rho kinase, a potential target in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1024-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Alex L, Russo I, Holoborodko V, Frangogiannis NG. Characterization of a mouse model of obesity-related fibrotic cardiomyopathy that recapitulates features of human heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H934-H949. [PMID: 30004258 PMCID: PMC6230908 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00238.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is caused, or exacerbated by, a wide range of extracardiac conditions. Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction are associated with a unique HFpEF phenotype, characterized by inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, and microvascular dysfunction. Development of new therapies for HFpEF is hampered by the absence of reliable animal models. The leptin-resistant db/ db mouse has been extensively studied as a model of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy; however, data on the functional and morphological alterations in db/ db hearts are conflicting. In the present study, we report a systematic characterization of the cardiac phenotype in db/ db mice, focusing on the time course of functional and histopathological alterations and on the identification of sex-specific cellular events. Although both male and female db/ db mice developed severe obesity, increased adiposity, and hyperglycemia, female mice had more impressive weight gain and exhibited a modest but significant increase in blood pressure. db/ db mice had hypertrophic ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction; the increase in left ventricular mass was accentuated in female mice. Histological analysis showed that both male and female db/ db mice had cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, associated with marked thickening of the perimysial collagen, and expansion of the periarteriolar collagen network, in the absence of replacement fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that fibrotic changes in db/ db hearts were associated with increased collagen synthesis by cardiac fibroblasts, in the absence of periostin, α-smooth muscle actin, or fibroblast activation protein overexpression. Male db/ db mice exhibited microvascular rarefaction. In conclusion, the db/ db mouse model recapitulates functional and histological features of human HFpEF associated with metabolic dysfunction. Development of fibrosis in db/ db hearts, in the absence of myofibroblast conversion, suggests that metabolic dysfunction may activate an alternative profibrotic pathway associated with accentuated extracellular matrix protein synthesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide a systematic analysis of the sex-specific functional and structural myocardial alterations in db/ db mice. Obese diabetic C57BL6J db/ db mice exhibit diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial/perivascular fibrosis, and microvascular rarefaction, thus recapitulating aspects of human obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Myocardial fibrosis in db/ db mice is associated with a matrix-producing fibroblast phenotype, in the absence of myofibroblast conversion, suggesting an alternative mechanism of activation.
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MESH Headings
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Echocardiography, Doppler
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Sex Factors
- Stroke Volume
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Alex
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Volodymir Holoborodko
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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114
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Ceylan AF, Wang S, Kandadi MR, Chen J, Hua Y, Pei Z, Nair S, Ren J. Cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of endothelin receptor a attenuates obesity cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3339-3352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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115
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Andreasen LJ, Krog S, Ludvigsen TP, Nielsen OL, Møller JE, Christoffersen BØ, Pedersen HD, Olsen LH. Dietary normalization from a fat, fructose and cholesterol-rich diet to chow limits the amount of myocardial collagen in a Göttingen Minipig model of obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:64. [PMID: 30263039 PMCID: PMC6157063 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary interventions have been shown to attenuate some of the myocardial pathological alterations associated with obesity. This study evaluated the effect of dietary normalization from a fat/fructose/cholesterol-rich diet to chow on left ventricular (LV) myocardial fibrosis, fat infiltration and hypertrophy but also the specific influence of obesity, plasma lipids and glucose metabolism markers on heart morphology in a Göttingen Minipig model of obesity. Methods Forty castrated male Göttingen Minipigs were assigned to three groups fed either standard minipig chow (SD, n = 8) for 13 months, fat/fructose/cholesterol-rich diet (FFC, n = 16) for 13 months or fat/fructose/cholesterol-rich diet for 7 months and then changed to standard minipig chow for the remaining 6 months (FFC/SD, n = 16). Body weight, body fat percentage, plasma lipids and glucose metabolism markers were evaluated in all three groups after 6–7 months (prior to diet adjustment for FFC/SD) and again before termination. Further, biochemical quantification of myocardial collagen and triglyceride content, semi-quantitative histological evaluation of fibrosis and fat infiltration and quantitative histological analysis of collagen and cardiomyocyte diameter were performed and heart weight was obtained after termination. Group differences were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to test for correlations between myocardial changes and selected explanatory variables. For non-parametric response variables, a Spearman correlation analysis was applied. Results Myocardial collagen content quantified biochemically was significantly lower in FFC/SD compared to FFC (P = 0.02). Furthermore, dietary normalization from a fat/fructose/cholesterol-rich diet to chow caused stagnation of body weight and body fat percentage, normalized intravenous glucose tolerance index (KG) and plasma lipid levels. Conclusion Dietary normalization led to lower LV collagen content in obese Göttingen Minipigs. Despite gross obesity and significant deteriorations in glucose and lipid metabolism, only mild myocardial changes were found in this model of obesity and therefore further model optimization is warranted in order to induce more severe myocardial changes before dietary or pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jul Andreasen
- 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Simone Krog
- 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Trine Pagh Ludvigsen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Ole Lerberg Nielsen
- 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Eifer Møller
- 3Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Duelund Pedersen
- 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Ellegaard Göttingen Minipigs, Soroe Landevej 302, 4261 Dalmose, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Høier Olsen
- 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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116
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Mahmoudi A, Ghatreh Samani K, Farrokhi E, Heidarian E. Effects of Nigella sativa Extracts on the Lipid Profile and Uncoupling Protein-1 Gene Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue of Mice. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:121. [PMID: 30211134 PMCID: PMC6124217 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_91_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) is the index protein of the brown adipose tissue (BAT), used in the obesity studies. We evaluated the effects of thymoquinone (TQ), hydroalcoholic, and hexane extracts of Nigella sativa, on the UCP-1 gene expression in BAT, and also on the recovery from oxidative stress, due to a high-fat diet. Materials and Methods: Fifty mice were divided into five groups: the first group was fed with a usual diet and the second, third, fourth, and fifth groups with a high-fat diet, hydroalcoholic extract, hexane extract, and TQ, respectively. After completing the course, the lipid profile, paraoxonase 1 (PON1), serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. UCP-1 expression in BAT was evaluated at the gene and protein level. Results: The weight of mice, receiving TQ, hydroalcoholic, and hexane extracts, was decreased (P < 0.05), compared to the second group (P < 0.05). MDA was increased in the second group, compared to the first group (P < 0.05); however, TAC, liver catalase enzyme, and PON1 were decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MDA of the third, fourth, and fifth groups had decreased, and the activity of PON1, liver catalase enzyme, and the amount of TAC was increased (P < 0.05). UCP-1 expression of the third and fourth groups was increased, compared to the second group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that TQ, hydroalcoholic, and hexane extracts of N. sativa have a protective and therapeutic role in the oxidative stress, caused by high-fat diets. The hydroalcoholic and hexane extracts can induce weight loss, by positively affecting UCP-1, at the gene and protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Keihan Ghatreh Samani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Effat Farrokhi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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117
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Krafsur GM, Neary JM, Garry F, Holt T, Gould DH, Mason GL, Thomas MG, Enns RM, Tuder RM, Heaton MP, Brown RD, Stenmark KR. Cardiopulmonary remodeling in fattened beef cattle: a naturally occurring large animal model of obesity-associated pulmonary hypertension with left heart disease. Pulm Circ 2018; 9:2045894018796804. [PMID: 30124135 PMCID: PMC6333945 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018796804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic in developed societies has led to increased cardiovascular
diseases including pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease
(PH-LHD), the largest and fastest-growing class of PH. Similar to obese humans,
PH and heart failure (HF) are increasingly recognized in North American fattened
beef cattle. We hypothesized that PH and HF in fattened beef cattle are novel,
phenotypically distinct manifestations of bovine PH arising from left
ventricular (LV) dysfunction similar to obesity-related PH-LHD in humans. We
conducted a semi-quantitative histopathological assessment of cardiopulmonary
tissues obtained from fattened beef cattle suffering end-stage HF compared to
asymptomatic cattle of equivalent age undergoing the same fattening regimens. In
HF animals we observed significant LV fibrosis, abundant cardiac adipose depots,
coronary artery injury, and pulmonary venous remodeling recapitulating human
obesity-related PH-LHD. Additionally, striking muscularization, medial
hypertrophy, adventitial fibrosis, and vasa vasorum hyperplasia in the pulmonary
arterial circulation were associated with sequela of pathologic right
ventricular (RV) remodeling suggesting combined pulmonary venous and arterial
hypertension. The association between obesity, pathologic cardiopulmonary
remodeling, and HF in fattened beef cattle appears to recapitulate the complex
pathophysiology of obesity-associated PH-LHD in humans. This novel, naturally
occurring, and large animal model may provide mechanistic and translational
insights into human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta M Krafsur
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Labs, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,3 Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joseph M Neary
- 4 Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Franklyn Garry
- 5 Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Timothy Holt
- 5 Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Daniel H Gould
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gary L Mason
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Milton G Thomas
- 3 Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - R Mark Enns
- 3 Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- 6 Department of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Lung Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael P Heaton
- 7 Genetics, Breeding and Animal Health, United States Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - R Dale Brown
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Labs, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Labs, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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118
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Frangogiannis NG. Cardiac fibrosis: Cell biological mechanisms, molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:70-99. [PMID: 30056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse outcome. Because the adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, death of a large number of cardiomyocytes results in reparative fibrosis, a process that is critical for preservation of the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. On the other hand, pathophysiologic stimuli, such as pressure overload, volume overload, metabolic dysfunction, and aging may cause interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the absence of infarction. Activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis; their expansion following myocardial injury is primarily driven through activation of resident interstitial cell populations. Several other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process, by producing proteases that participate in matrix metabolism, by secreting fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins, or by exerting contact-dependent actions on fibroblast phenotype. The mechanisms of induction of fibrogenic signals are dependent on the type of primary myocardial injury. Activation of neurohumoral pathways stimulates fibroblasts both directly, and through effects on immune cell populations. Cytokines and growth factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, chemokines, members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family, IL-11, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors are secreted in the cardiac interstitium and play distinct roles in activating specific aspects of the fibrotic response. Secreted fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins bind to cell surface receptors in fibroblasts, such as cytokine receptors, integrins, syndecans and CD44, and transduce intracellular signaling cascades that regulate genes involved in synthesis, processing and metabolism of the extracellular matrix. Endogenous pathways involved in negative regulation of fibrosis are critical for cardiac repair and may protect the myocardium from excessive fibrogenic responses. Due to the reparative nature of many forms of cardiac fibrosis, targeting fibrotic remodeling following myocardial injury poses major challenges. Development of effective therapies will require careful dissection of the cell biological mechanisms, study of the functional consequences of fibrotic changes on the myocardium, and identification of heart failure patient subsets with overactive fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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119
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Sikder K, Shukla SK, Patel N, Singh H, Rafiq K. High Fat Diet Upregulates Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis via Intervention of PPAR-γ. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 48:1317-1331. [PMID: 30048968 PMCID: PMC6179152 DOI: 10.1159/000492091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Systemic hyperlipidemia and intracellular lipid accumulation induced by chronic high fat diet (HFD) leads to enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and ketogenesis. The present study was aimed to determine whether activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) by surplus free fatty acids (FA) in hyperlipidemic condition, has a positive feedback regulation over FAO and ketogenic enzymes controlling lipotoxicity and cardiac apoptosis. Methods: 8 weeks old C57BL/6 wild type (WT) or PPAR-γ−/− mice were challenged with 16 weeks 60% HFD to induce obesity mediated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Treatment course was followed by echocardiographic measurements, glycemic and lipid profiling, immunoblot, qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of PPAR-γ and following mitochondrial metabolic enzymes 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS2), mitochondrial β-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4). In vivo model was translated in vitro, with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) treated with PPAR-γ agonist/antagonist and PPAR-γ overexpression adenovirus in presence of palmitic acid (PA). Apoptosis was determined in vivo from left ventricular heart by TUNEL assay and immunoblot analysis. Results: We found exaggerated circulating ketone bodies production and expressions of the related mitochondrial enzymes HMGCS2, BDH1 and PDK4 in HFD-induced diabetic hearts and in PA-treated NRCM. As a mechanistic approach we found HFD mediated activation of PPAR-03B3 is associated with the above-mentioned mitochondrial enzymes. HFD-fed PPAR-γ−/− mice display decreased hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia associated with increased insulin responsiveness as compared to HFD-fed WT mice PPAR-γ−/−−HFD mice demonstrated a more robust functional recovery after diabetes induction, as well as significantly reduced myocyte apoptosis and improved cardiac function. Conclusions: PPAR-γ has been described previously to regulate lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. The present study suggests for the first time that increased PPAR-γ expression by HFD is responsible for cardiac dysfunction via upregulation of mitochondrial enzymes HMGCS2, BDH1 and PDK4. Targeting PPAR-γ and its downstream mitochondrial enzymes will provide novel strategies in preventing metabolic and myocardial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sikder
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanket Kumar Shukla
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neel Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khadija Rafiq
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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120
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Wang CY, Li SJ, Wu TW, Lin HJ, Chen JW, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST, Chen CY. The role of pericardial adipose tissue in the heart of obese minipigs. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12942. [PMID: 29682734 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume is highly associated with the presence and severity of cardiometabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We previously demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic dysregulation, cardiac fibrosis and accumulation of more PAT in minipigs. This study used our obese minipig model to investigate the characteristics of PAT and omental visceral fat (VAT) induced by a HFD, and the potential link between PAT and HFD-related myocardial fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five-month-old Lee-Sung minipigs were made obese by feeding a HFD for 6 months. RESULTS The HFD induced dyslipidemia, cardiac fibrosis and more fat accumulation in the visceral and pericardial depots. The HFD changes the fatty acid composition in the adipose tissue by decreasing the portion of linoleic acid in the VAT and PAT. No arachidonic acid was detected in the VAT and PAT of control pigs, whereas it existed in the same tissues of obese pigs fed the HFD. Compared with the control pigs, elevated levels of malondialdehyde and TNFα were exhibited in the plasma and PAT of obese pigs. HFD induced greater size of adipocytes in VAT and PAT. Higher levels of GH, leptin, OPG, PDGF, resistin, SAA and TGFβ were observed in obese pig PAT compared to VAT. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the similarities and dissimilarities between PAT and VAT under HFD stimulus. In addition, this study suggested that alteration in PAT contributed to the myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Twin-Way Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jen Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Wei Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Harry J Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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121
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Wang W, Zhang D, Yang R, Xia W, Qian K, Shi Z, Brown R, Zhou H, Xi Y, Shi L, Chen L, Xu F, Sun X, Zhu D, Gong DW. Hepatic and cardiac beneficial effects of a long-acting Fc-apelin fusion protein in diet-induced obese mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e2997. [PMID: 29577579 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is a peptide ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ and exhibits anti-diabetes and anti-heart failure activities. However, short serum half-life of the apelin peptide limits its potential clinical applications. This study aimed to develop a long-acting apelin analog. METHODS To extend apelin's in vivo half-life, we made a recombinant protein by fusing the IgG Fc fragment to apelin-13 (Fc-apelin-13), conducted pharmacokinetics studies in mice, and determined in vitro biological activities in suppressing cyclic adenosine monophosphate and activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling by reporter assays. We investigated the effects of Fc-apelin-13 on food intake, body weight, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, glucose tolerance test, hepatic steatosis, and cardiac function and fibrosis by subcutaneous administration of Fc-apelin-13 in diet-induced obese mice for 4 weeks. RESULTS The estimated half-life of Fc-apelin-13 in blood was approximately 33 hours. Reporter assays showed that Fc-apelin-13 was active in suppressing cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element and activating serum response element activities. Four weeks of Fc-apelin-13 treatment in obese mice did not affect food intake and body weight, but resulted in a significant improvement of glucose tolerance, and a decrease in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, as well as in serum alanine transaminase levels. Moreover, cardiac stroke volume and output were increased and cardiac fibrosis was decreased in the treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Fc-apelin-13 fusion protein has an extended in vivo half-life and exerts multiple benefits on obese mice with respect to the improvement of glucose disposal, amelioration of liver steatosis and heart fibrosis, and increase of cardiac output. Hence, Fc-apelin-13 is potentially a therapeutic for obesity-associated disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dongming Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rongze Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei Xia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhengrong Shi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yue Xi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lin Shi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojian Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Liang Y, Lang AL, Zhang J, Chen J, Wang K, Chen L, Beier JI, Qian Y, Cai L. Exposure to Vinyl Chloride and Its Influence on Western Diet-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:482-493. [PMID: 29727174 PMCID: PMC6167925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, usually caused by high fat diets (HFD), is a major public health issue worldwide, causing obesity associated cardiomyopathy. Moreover, the environmental toxicant vinyl chloride (VC) can exacerbate HFD-induced fatty liver disease. However, whether VC serves to enhance obesity-associated cardiomyopathy remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the interaction of western diet (WD) containing relatively low fat (42%) with VC on cardiac remodeling and its underling mechanisms. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to WD coinhalation of low-dose VC (<1 ppm/d) for 12 weeks. Results showed that WD feeding for 12 weeks caused slight cardiac systolic dysfunction without significant hypertrophy or fibrosis, even with VC. Nevertheless, WD upregulated NF-κB function and expression of IL-1β and PAI-1, while VC showed no significant impact on these effects. In contrast, WD together with VC significantly increased the expression of CHOP and TGF-β1, key markers for endoplasmic reticulum stress and profibrotic cytokine, respectively. In summary, exposure to low-dose of environmental toxicant VC while a WD is consumed for a relatively short time does not have significant impact on cardiac remodeling except for a mild systolic dysfunction of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Anna L. Lang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Department of Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- The Center of Cardiovascular Disorders, The First Hospital of the Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Liya Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Department of Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Juliane I. Beier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Department of Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- The Center of Cardiovascular Disorders, The First Hospital of the Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Kang JG, Chang Y, Sung KC, Kim JY, Shin H, Ryu S. Association of isolated minor nonspecific ST-T abnormalities with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8791. [PMID: 29884788 PMCID: PMC5993779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the associations of isolated minor nonspecific ST-T abnormalities (NSSTTA) on 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) with left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and LV geometry on echocardiography. A cross-sectional study comprised of 74,976 Koreans who underwent ECG and echocardiography as part of a comprehensive health examination between March 2011 and December 2014. ECG was coded using Minnesota Code criteria. The frequencies of NSSTTA, impaired LV relaxation, and echocardiographic LVH were 1,139 (1.5%), 21,118 (28.2%), and 1,687 (2.3%) patients, respectively. The presence of NSSTTA was positively associated with the prevalence of impaired LV relaxation and LVH on echocardiography. In a multivariable-adjusted model, the odds ratio (95% CIs) comparing patients with NSSTTA to control patients was 1.55 (1.33-1.80) for impaired LV relaxation and 3.15 (2.51-3.96) for echocardiographic LVH. The association between NSSTTA and impaired LV relaxation was stronger in the intermediate to high cardiovascular disease-risk group than in the low-risk group according to Framingham Risk Score stratification (P for interaction = 0.02). NSSTTA were associated with increased prevalence of impaired LV relaxation and LVH, suggesting NSSTTA as an early indicator of subclinical cardiac dysfunction and geometric abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Gyu Kang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang-Young Kim
- Departments of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Frangogiannis NG. Fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix in right ventricular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1453-1464. [PMID: 28957531 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular failure predicts adverse outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), and in subjects with left ventricular heart failure and is associated with interstitial fibrosis. This review manuscript discusses the cellular effectors and molecular mechanisms implicated in right ventricular fibrosis. The right ventricular interstitium contains vascular cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, enmeshed in a collagen-based matrix. Right ventricular pressure overload in PH is associated with the expansion of the fibroblast population, myofibroblast activation, and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins. Mechanosensitive transduction of adrenergic signalling and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade trigger the activation of right ventricular fibroblasts. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines may contribute to expansion and activation of macrophages that may serve as a source of fibrogenic growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Endothelin-1, TGF-βs, and matricellular proteins co-operate to activate cardiac myofibroblasts, and promote synthesis of matrix proteins. In comparison with the left ventricle, the RV tolerates well volume overload and ischemia; whether the right ventricular interstitial cells and matrix are implicated in these favourable responses remains unknown. Expansion of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix protein deposition are prominent features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of arrhythmic events. Prevailing conceptual paradigms on right ventricular remodelling are based on extrapolation of findings in models of left ventricular injury. Considering the unique embryologic, morphological, and physiologic properties of the RV and the clinical significance of right ventricular failure, there is a need further to dissect RV-specific mechanisms of fibrosis and interstitial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B Bronx, 10461 NY, USA
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126
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Packer M. Epicardial Adipose Tissue May Mediate Deleterious Effects of Obesity and Inflammation on the Myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71:2360-2372. [PMID: 29773163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue has unique properties that distinguish it from other depots of visceral fat. Rather than having distinct boundaries, the epicardium shares an unobstructed microcirculation with the underlying myocardium, and in healthy conditions, produces cytokines that nourish the heart. However, in chronic inflammatory disorders (especially those leading to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), the epicardium becomes a site of deranged adipogenesis, leading to the secretion of proinflammatory adipokines that can cause atrial and ventricular fibrosis. Accordingly, in patients at risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, drugs that promote the accumulation or inflammation of epicardial adipocytes may lead to heart failure, whereas treatments that ameliorate the proinflammatory characteristics of epicardial fat may reduce the risk of heart failure. These observations suggest that epicardial adipose tissue is a transducer of the adverse effects of systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders on the heart, and thus, represents an important target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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127
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Static Magnetic Fields Modulate the Response of Different Oxidative Stress Markers in a Restraint Stress Model Animal. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3960408. [PMID: 29888261 PMCID: PMC5977024 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3960408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a state of vulnerable homeostasis that alters the physiological and behavioral responses. Stress induces oxidative damage in several organs including the brain, liver, kidney, stomach, and heart. Preliminary findings suggested that the magnetic stimulation could accelerate the healing processes and has been an effective complementary therapy in different pathologies. However, the mechanism of action of static magnetic fields (SMFs) is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of static magnetic fields (0.8 mT) in a restraint stressed animal model, focusing on changes in different markers of oxidative damage. A significant increase in the plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glycation end products (AGEs) were observed in restraint stress model. Exposure to SMFs over 5 days (30, 60, and 240 min/day) caused a decrease in the NO, MDA, AGEs, and AOPP levels; in contrast, the SOD and GSH levels increased. The response to SMFs was time-dependent. Thus, we proposed that exposure to weak-intensity SMFs could offer a complementary therapy by attenuating oxidative stress. Our results provided a new perspective in health studies, particularly in the context of oxidative stress.
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128
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Ball J, Løchen ML, Wilsgaard T, Schirmer H, Hopstock LA, Morseth B, Mathiesen EB, Njølstad I, Tiwari S, Sharashova E. Sex Differences in the Impact of Body Mass Index on the Risk of Future Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the Longitudinal Population-Based Tromsø Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008414. [PMID: 29674336 PMCID: PMC6015294 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence is increasing, and body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for AF. However, sex differences in the impact of BMI on AF risk have not been fully elucidated. Methods and Results Data from the fourth survey (1994–1995) of the Tromsø Study (Norway) were used to investigate the association of single‐measurement BMI on future AF risk. To analyze the influence of BMI changes on AF risk, data from individuals who attended the third and fourth study surveys were used. AF diagnosis was derived from record linkage and end point adjudication. Cox regression analysis was conducted using fractional polynomials of BMI and BMI change with models adjusted for age, baseline BMI (change analyses), risk factors, comorbidities, and antihypertensive medications. Data were available for 24 799 individuals from the fourth survey (mean age, 45.5±14.2 years; 52.9% women). Over 15.7±5.5 years, 811 women (6.2%) and 918 men (7.9%) developed AF. In men, lower BMI decreased AF risk and higher BMI increased risk (hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] for BMI 18 or 40 kg/m2 compared with 23 kg/m2 were 0.75 [0.70–0.81] and 4.42 [3.00–6.53], respectively). The same pattern was identified in women. Two surveys were attended by 14 652 individuals. In men and women, a decrease in BMI over time was associated with decreased AF risk and an increase in BMI was associated with increased AF risk. Conclusions Within a population cohort, BMI was positively associated with AF risk. Change in BMI over time influenced AF risk in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocasta Ball
- Pre-Clinical Disease and Prevention, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia .,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Pre-Clinical Disease and Prevention, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Laila A Hopstock
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bente Morseth
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sweta Tiwari
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ekaterina Sharashova
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Hohendanner F, Messroghli D, Bode D, Blaschke F, Parwani A, Boldt L, Heinzel FR. Atrial remodelling in heart failure: recent developments and relevance for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:211-221. [PMID: 29457877 PMCID: PMC5880666 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hohendanner
- Department of CardiologyCharité University MedicineCampus Virchow‐Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner SiteBerlinGermany
| | - Daniel Messroghli
- Department of CardiologyCharité University MedicineCampus Virchow‐Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner SiteBerlinGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine—CardiologyDeutsches Herzzentrum BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - David Bode
- Department of CardiologyCharité University MedicineCampus Virchow‐Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner SiteBerlinGermany
| | - Florian Blaschke
- Department of CardiologyCharité University MedicineCampus Virchow‐Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner SiteBerlinGermany
| | - Abdul Parwani
- Department of CardiologyCharité University MedicineCampus Virchow‐Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner SiteBerlinGermany
| | - Leif‐Hendrik Boldt
- Department of CardiologyCharité University MedicineCampus Virchow‐Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner SiteBerlinGermany
| | - Frank R. Heinzel
- Department of CardiologyCharité University MedicineCampus Virchow‐Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner SiteBerlinGermany
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Cho JG, Lee A, Chang W, Lee MS, Kim J. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition Represents a Key Link in the Interaction between Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515588 PMCID: PMC5826197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells that line the inner walls of blood vessels are in direct contact with blood and display remarkable heterogeneity in their response to exogenous stimuli. These ECs have unique location-dependent properties determined by the corresponding vascular beds and play an important role in regulating the homeostasis of the vascular system. Evidence suggests that vascular endothelial cells exposed to various environments undergo dynamic phenotypic switching, a key biological program in the context of endothelial heterogeneity, but that might result in EC dysfunction and, in turn, cause a variety of human diseases. Emerging studies show the importance of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction during inflammation. EndMT is a complex biological process in which ECs lose their endothelial characteristics, acquire mesenchymal phenotypes, and express mesenchymal cell markers, such as alpha smooth muscle actin and fibroblast-specific protein 1. EndMT is induced by inflammatory responses, leading to pathological states, including tissue fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and atherosclerosis, via dysfunction of the vascular system. Although the mechanisms associated with inflammation-induced EndMT have been identified, unraveling the specific role of this phenotypic switching in vascular dysfunction remains a challenge. Here, we review the current understanding on the interactions between inflammatory processes, EndMT, and endothelial dysfunction, with a focus on the mechanisms that regulate essential signaling pathways. Identification of such mechanisms will guide future research and could provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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Role of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Ovariectomized Female Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6709742. [PMID: 29636852 PMCID: PMC5831964 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6709742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for proper cardiac function and structural integrity; thus, the disruption of ECM homeostasis is associated with several pathological processes. Female Wistar rats underwent surgical ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operation (SO) and were then divided into eight subgroups based on the type of diet (standard chow or high-triglyceride diet/HT) and exercise (with or without running). After 12 weeks, cardiac MMP-2 activity, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, content of collagen type I, the level of nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and glutathione (GSH), and the ratio of infarct size were determined. Our results show that OVX and HT diet caused an excessive accumulation of collagen; however, this increase was not observed in the trained animals. Twelve weeks of exercise promoted elevation in the levels of 3-NT and GSH and similarly an increase in MMP-2 activity of both SO and OVX animals. The high infarct-size ratio caused by OVX and HT diet was mitigated by physical exercise. Our findings demonstrate that ovarian estrogen loss and HT diet caused collagen accumulation and increased ratio of the infarct size. However, exercise-induced cardiac remodeling serves as a compensatory mechanism by enhancing MMP-2 activity and reducing fibrosis, thus minimizing the ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Glycine enhances expression of adiponectin and IL-10 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without affecting adipogenesis and lipolysis. Amino Acids 2018; 50:629-640. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Csige I, Ujvárosy D, Szabó Z, Lőrincz I, Paragh G, Harangi M, Somodi S. The Impact of Obesity on the Cardiovascular System. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:3407306. [PMID: 30525052 PMCID: PMC6247580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3407306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide. It is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk on the one hand of obesity itself and on the other hand of associated medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance, and sleep apnoea syndrome). Obesity has an important role in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Obesity leads to structural and functional changes of the heart, which causes heart failure. The altered myocardial structure increases the risk of atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. However, obesity also has a protective effect on the clinical outcome of underlying cardiovascular disease, the phenomenon called obesity paradox. The improved cardiac imaging techniques allow the early detection of altered structure and function of the heart in obese patients. In this review, we attempt to summarize the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular diseases and outline the underlying mechanisms. The demonstrated new techniques of cardiac diagnostic procedures allow for the early detection and treatment of subclinical medical conditions and, therefore, the prevention of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Csige
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Ujvárosy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Lőrincz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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134
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recognition of subclinical myocardial dysfunction offers clinicians and patients an opportunity for early intervention and prevention of symptomatic cardiovascular disease. We review the data on novel biomarkers in subclinical heart disease in the general population with a focus on pathophysiology, recent observational or trial data, and potential applicability and pitfalls for clinical use. RECENT FINDINGS High-sensitivity cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptide assays are powerful markers of subclinical cardiac disease. Elevated levels of these biomarkers signify subclinical cardiac injury and hemodynamic stress and portend an adverse prognosis. Novel biomarkers of myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and abnormal contraction are gaining momentum as predictors for incident heart failure, providing new insight into pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiac disease. There has been exciting growth in both traditional and novel biomarkers of subclinical cardiac injury in recent years. Many biomarkers have demonstrated associations with relevant cardiovascular outcomes and may enhance the diagnostic and prognostic power of more conventional biomarkers. However, their use in "prime time" to identify patients with or at risk for subclinical cardiac dysfunction in the general population remains an open question. Strategic investigation into their clinical applicability in the context of clinical trials remains an area of ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shemisa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA
| | - Anish Bhatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA
| | - Daniel Cheeran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA
| | - Ian J Neeland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8830, USA.
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135
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Gutiérrez-Tenorio J, Marín-Royo G, Martínez-Martínez E, Martín R, Miana M, López-Andrés N, Jurado-López R, Gallardo I, Luaces M, San Román JA, González-Amor M, Salaices M, Nieto ML, Cachofeiro V. The role of oxidative stress in the crosstalk between leptin and mineralocorticoid receptor in the cardiac fibrosis associated with obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16802. [PMID: 29196758 PMCID: PMC5711898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated whether mineralocorticoid receptor activation can participate in the profibrotic effects of leptin in cardiac myofibroblasts, as well as the potential mechanisms involved. The presence of eplerenone reduced the leptin-induced increase in protein levels of collagen I, transforming growth factor β, connective tissue growth factor and galectin-3 and the levels of both total and mitochondrial of superoxide anion (O2.−) in cardiac myofibroblasts. Likewise, the MEK/ERK inhibitor, PD98059, and the PI3/Akt inhibitor, LY294002, showed a similar pattern. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger (MitoTempo) attenuated the increase in body weight observed in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). No differences were found in cardiac function or blood pressure among any group. However, the cardiac fibrosis and enhanced O2.-levels observed in HFD rats were attenuated by MitoTempo, which also prevented the increased circulating leptin and aldosterone levels in HFD fed animals. This study supports a role of mineralocorticoid receptor in the cardiac fibrosis induced by leptin in the context of obesity and highlights the role of the mitochondrial ROS in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Gutiérrez-Tenorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rubén Martín
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Miana
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Salus Infirmorum. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Luaces
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alberto San Román
- Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María González-Amor
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain. .,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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136
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Bounihi A, Bitam A, Bouazza A, Yargui L, Koceir EA. Fruit vinegars attenuate cardiac injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-adiposity actions in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:43-52. [PMID: 27595296 PMCID: PMC7011948 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1226369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fruit vinegars (FVs) are used in Mediterranean folk medicine for their hypolipidemic and weight-reducing properties. OBJECTIVE To investigate the preventive effects of three types of FV, commonly available in Algeria, namely prickly pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill (Cectaceae)], pomegranate [Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)], and apple [Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae)], against obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two male Wistar rats were equally divided into 12 groups. The first group served as normal control (distilled water, 7 mL/kg bw), and the remaining groups were respectively treated with distilled water (7 mL/kg bw), acetic acid (0.5% w/v, 7 mL/kg bw) and vinegars of pomegranate, apple or prickly pear (at doses of 3.5, 7 and 14 mL/kg bw, acetic acid content as mentioned above) along with a high-fat diet (HFD). The effects of the oral administration of FV for 18 weeks on the body and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) weights, plasma inflammatory and cardiac enzymes biomarkers, and in heart tissue were evaluated. RESULTS Vinegars treatments significantly (p < .05) attenuated the HFD-induced increase in bw (0.2-0.5-fold) and VAT mass (0.7-1.8-fold), as well as increase in plasma levels of CRP (0.1-0.3-fold), fibrinogen (0.2-0.3-fold), leptin (1.7-3.7-fold), TNF-α (0.1-0.6-fold), AST (0.9-1.4-fold), CK-MB (0.3-1.4-fold) and LDH (2.7-6.7-fold). Moreover, vinegar treatments preserved myocardial architecture and attenuated cardiac fibrosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that pomegranate, apple and prickly pear vinegars may prevent HFD-induced obesity and obesity-related cardiac complications, and that this prevention may result from the potent anti-inflammatory and anti-adiposity properties of these vinegars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdenour Bounihi
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Arezki Bitam
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Asma Bouazza
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lyece Yargui
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Central Biochemistry Laboratory, Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Elhadj Ahmed Koceir
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
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137
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Xu W, Wang C, Liang M, Chen L, Fu Q, Zhang F, Wang Y, Huang D, Huang K. A20 prevents obesity-induced development of cardiac dysfunction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 96:159-172. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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138
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Zhang Y, Cui L, Guan G, Wang J, Qiu C, Yang T, Guo Y, Liu Z. Matrine suppresses cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF‑β/Smad pathway in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1775-1781. [PMID: 29138820 PMCID: PMC5780122 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is one of the pathological characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Matrine treatment has proven to be effective in cases of organ fibrosis and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, the anti-fibrosis-associated cardioprotective effects of matrine on DbCM were investigated. Rats with experimental DbCM were administered matrine orally. Cardiac functions were evaluated using invasive hemodynamic examinations. Cardiac compliance was assessed in isolated hearts. Using Sirius Red and fluorescence staining, the collagen in diabetic hearts was visualized. MTT assay was used to select non-cytotoxic concentrations of matrine, which were subsequently used to treat isolated cardiac fibroblasts incubated under various conditions. Western blotting was performed to assess activation of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway. Rats with DbCM exhibited impaired heart compliance and left ventricular (LV) functions. Excessive collagen deposition in cardiac tissue was also observed. Furthermore, TGF-β1/R-Smad (Smad2/3) signaling was revealed to be markedly activated; however, the expression of inhibitory Smad (I-Smad, also termed Smad7) was reduced in DbCM. Matrine administration led to a marked recovery in LV function and heart compliance by exerting inhibitory effects on TGF-β1/R-Smad signaling pathway-induced fibrosis without affecting I-Smad. Incubation with a high concentration of glucose triggered the TGF-β1/R-Smad (Smad2/3) signaling pathway and suppressed I-Smad signaling transduction in cultured cardiac fibroblasts, which led to an increase in the synthesis of collagen. After cardiac fibroblasts had been treated with matrine at non-cytotoxic concentrations without affecting I-Smad, matrine blocked TGF-β1/R-Smad signaling transduction to repress collagen production and deposition. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that TGF-β1/Smad signaling-associated cardiac fibrosis is involved in the impairment of heart compliance and LV dysfunction in DbCM. By exerting therapeutic effects against cardiac fibrosis via its influence on TGF-β1/Smad signaling, matrine exhibited cardioprotective effects in DbCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Gongchang Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Junkui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tielin Yang
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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139
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Shvangiradze TA, Bondarenko IZ, Troshina EA, Nikankina LV, Kukharenko SS, Shestakova MV. TGF-β and FRF-21: association with coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. OBESITY AND METABOLISM 2017. [DOI: 10.14341/omet2017338-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Backgraund: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary artery disease (CAD), in particular.
Obesity lead to several fibrotic processes, including activation of transforming growth factor (TGF-). Recent data indicate the involvement of Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) as an important metabolic regulator, and even biomarker of metabolic changes in obesity and T2DM. Impact of metabolic dysregulation that accompany obesity and T2DM in CAD development remain a great challenge.
Aims: To study TGF- and FGF-21 level in patients with obesity and T2DM.
Materials and methods: TGF- and FGF-21 were identified in peripheral blood samples of 66 patients with obesity, aged 48-65 years. 1st group included 21 patients with CHD and T2DM; 2nd group (22 patients)- with T2DM and excluded CHD; 3rd group (20 patients) with normal glucose metabolism and excluded CHD.
Results: TGF- was lower in patients with CHD (group 1) than in the group of "metabolically healthy" obesity (p=0.022).
TGF- in patients with T2DM negatively correlated with LDL cholesterol (r=-0.426, p=0.038) the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis (r=-0.426, p=0.024). Patients with verified CHD had a negative correlation with the processes of heart muscle remodeling (thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (r=- 0.386, p=0.029) interventricular septum (r=-0.335, p=0.031). All patients with obesity had significantly increased level of FGF-21 compared with the control group (p=0.031) FGF-21 positively correlated with BMI (r=0.473, p=0.033)
Conclusions: TGF- has negative correlations with the factors that can influence prognosis and the severity of the CVD/. There were found correlations of FGF-21, TGF- with pathological angiogenesis and changes in normal cardiac geometry in obesity, T2DM and CAD.
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140
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Hong SK, Choo EH, Ihm SH, Chang K, Seung KB. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor attenuates obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor-βl and Smad2/3 pathways in high-fat diet-induced obesity rat model. Metabolism 2017; 76:42-55. [PMID: 28987239 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis may lead to diastolic dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. Activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-βl and its downstream Smad2/3 pathways may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis, and the antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) might affect these pathways. We investigated whether DPP4i reduces myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways in the myocardium of a diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were fed either a normal fat diet (chow) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then the HFD-fed SHRs were randomized to either the DPP4i (MK-0626) or control (distilled water) groups for 12weeks. At 20weeks old, all the rats underwent hemodynamic and metabolic studies and Doppler echocardiography. Compared with the normal fat diet (chow)-fed SHRs, the HFD-fed SHRs developed a more intense degree of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and showed a constellation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, and exacerbated myocardial fibrosis, as well as activation of the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways. DPP4i significantly improved the metabolic and hemodynamic parameters. The echocardiogram showed that DPP4i improved the LV diastolic dysfunction (early to late ventricular filling velocity [E/A] ratio, 1.49±0.21 vs. 1.77±0.09, p<0.05). Furthermore, DPP4i significantly reduced myocardial fibrosis and collagen production by the myocardium and suppressed TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in the heart. In addition, DPP4i decreased TGF-β1-induced collagen production and TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in rat cardiac fibroblasts. In conclusion, DPP4 inhibition attenuated myocardial fibrosis and improved LV diastolic dysfunction in a DIO rat model by modulating the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Choo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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141
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Lewis GA, Schelbert EB, Williams SG, Cunnington C, Ahmed F, McDonagh TA, Miller CA. Biological Phenotypes of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:2186-2200. [PMID: 29050567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, which result in the heterogeneous phenotypes that are evident clinically, and which have potentially confounded previous HFpEF trials. A greater understanding of the in vivo human processes involved, and in particular, which are the causes and which are the downstream effects, may allow the syndrome of HFpEF to be distilled into distinct diagnoses based on the underlying biology. From this, specific interventions can follow, targeting individuals identified on the basis of their biological phenotype. This review describes the biological phenotypes of HFpEF and therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom; University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erik B Schelbert
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon G Williams
- University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Cunnington
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher A Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom; University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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142
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Ho JE, Rahban Y, Sandhu H, Hiremath PG, Ayalon N, Qin F, Perez AJ, Downing J, Gopal DM, Cheng S, Colucci WS. Preclinical Alterations in Myocardial Microstructure in People with Metabolic Syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1516-1522. [PMID: 28737258 PMCID: PMC5578717 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can lead to myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and eventual heart failure. This study evaluated alterations in myocardial microstructure in people with MetS by using a novel algorithm to characterize ultrasonic signal intensity variation. METHODS Among 254 participants without existing cardiovascular disease (mean age 42 ± 11 years, 75% women), there were 162 with MetS, 47 with obesity without MetS, and 45 nonobese controls. Standard echocardiography was performed, and a novel validated computational algorithm was used to investigate myocardial microstructure based on sonographic signal intensity and distribution. The signal intensity coefficient (SIC [left ventricular microstructure]) was examined. RESULTS The SIC was significantly higher in people with MetS compared with people with (P < 0.001) and without obesity (P = 0.04), even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the ratio of triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P < 0.05 for all). Clinical correlates of SIC included TG concentrations (r = 0.21, P = 0.0007) and the TG/HDL ratio (r = 0.2, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study's findings suggest that preclinical MetS and dyslipidemia in particular are associated with altered myocardial signal intensity variation. Future studies are needed to determine whether the SIC may help detect subclinical diseases in people with metabolic disease, with the ultimate goal of targeting preventive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Harpaul Sandhu
- Temple Heart and Vascular Institute, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Nir Ayalon
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alejandro J. Perez
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Jill Downing
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Deepa M. Gopal
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wilson S. Colucci
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA
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143
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Marín-Royo G, Martínez-Martínez E, Gutiérrez B, Jurado-López R, Gallardo I, Montero O, Bartolomé MV, San Román JA, Salaices M, Nieto ML, Cachofeiro V. The impact of obesity in the cardiac lipidome and its consequences in the cardiac damage observed in obese rats. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2017; 30:10-20. [PMID: 28869040 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the impact of obesity on the cardiac lipid profile in rats with diet-induced obesity, as well as to evaluate whether or not the specific changes in lipid species are associated with cardiac fibrosis. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD, 35% fat) or standard diet (3.5% fat) for 6 weeks. Cardiac lipids were analyzed using by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS HFD rats showed cardiac fibrosis and enhanced levels of cardiac superoxide anion (O2), HOMA index, adiposity, and plasma leptin, as well as a reduction in those of cardiac glucose transporter (GLUT 4), compared with control animals. Cardiac lipid profile analysis showed a significant increase in triglycerides, especially those enriched with palmitic, stearic, and arachidonic acid. An increase in levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) was also observed. No changes in cardiac levels of diacyl phosphatidylcholine, or even a reduction in total levels of diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine, diacyl phosphatidylinositol, and sphingomyelins (SM) was observed in HFD, as compared with control animals. After adjustment for other variables (oxidative stress, HOMA, cardiac hypertrophy), total levels of DAG were independent predictors of cardiac fibrosis while the levels of total SM were independent predictors of the cardiac levels of GLUT 4. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that obesity has a significant impact on cardiac lipid composition, although it does not modulate the different species in a similar manner. Nonetheless, these changes are likely to participate in the cardiac damage in the context of obesity, since total DAG levels can facilitate the development of cardiac fibrosis, and SM levels predict GLUT4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Marín-Royo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Centro de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mª Visitación Bartolomé
- Departamento de Oftalmología y Otorrinolaringología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alberto San Román
- Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Ho JE, McCabe EL, Wang TJ, Larson MG, Levy D, Tsao C, Aragam J, Mitchell GF, Benjamin EJ, Vasan RS, Cheng S. Cardiometabolic Traits and Systolic Mechanics in the Community. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 10:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003536. [PMID: 28495953 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction are associated with increased risk of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. We sought to examine the association of cardiometabolic traits with left ventricular (LV) cardiac mechanics. We hypothesized that specific obesity-related phenotypes are associated with distinct aspects of LV strain. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the associations of obesity-related phenotypes, including central adiposity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and circulating adipokine concentrations with echocardiographic measures of LV mechanical function among participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation cohorts. Among 6231 participants, the mean age was 51±16 years, and 54% were women. Greater body mass index was associated with worse LV longitudinal strain, radial strain (apical view), and longitudinal synchrony (multivariable-adjusted P<0.0001). After accounting for body mass index, we found that central adiposity, as measured by waist circumference, was associated with worse global longitudinal strain and synchrony (P≤0.006). Measures of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus also were associated with distinct aspects of LV mechanical function. Circulating leptin concentrations were associated with global longitudinal and radial strain (apical view, P<0.0001), whereas no such association was found with leptin receptor, adiponectin, or C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the association of central obesity and related cardiometabolic phenotypes above and beyond body mass index with subclinical measures of LV mechanical function. Interestingly, obesity-related traits were associated with distinct aspects of LV mechanics, underscoring potential differential effects along specific LV planes of deformation. These findings may shed light onto obesity-related cardiac remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Ho
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
| | - Elizabeth L McCabe
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Martin G Larson
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Daniel Levy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Connie Tsao
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Jayashri Aragam
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Gary F Mitchell
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Susan Cheng
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
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Zhong P, Quan D, Peng J, Xiong X, Liu Y, Kong B, Huang H. Role of CaMKII in free fatty acid/hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac remodeling both in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 109:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Rodriguez Flores M, Aguilar Salinas C, Piché ME, Auclair A, Poirier P. Effect of bariatric surgery on heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 15:567-579. [PMID: 28714796 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2017.1352471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity increases the risk of heart failure (HF), which continues to be a significant proportion of all cardiovascular diseases and affects increasingly younger populations. The cross-talk between adipose and the heart involves insulin resistance, adipokine signaling and inflammation, with the capacity of adipose tissue to mediate hemodynamic signals, promoting progressive cardiomyopathy. Areas covered: From a therapeutic perspective, there is not yet a single obesity-related pathway that when addressed, can ameliorate cardiomyopathy in obese patients and this is a matter of ongoing research. There is poor evidence of the beneficial long-term effect of small nonsurgical intentional weight loss on HF outcomes, in contrast to the field of HF accompanying severe obesity where observational studies have shown that bariatric surgery is associated with improved cardiac structure/function in severely obese patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as well as with improved cardiac structure/function in those with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Few studies report positive outcomes in subjects with obesity and HF, both severe, who underwent bariatric surgery as a rescue treatment, including bridge to heart transplantation. Expert commentary: The fast growing prevalence of obesity will continue to require the development of appropriate interventions directed at controlling or slowing pathways of cardiac damage in these patients, but at present, bariatric surgery should be considered an option to try to decrease morbidity associated with HF in severely obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rodriguez Flores
- a Endocrinology Department , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Mexico
| | - Carlos Aguilar Salinas
- a Endocrinology Department , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Mexico
| | - Marie-Eve Piché
- b Cardiology Department , Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Québec , Canada.,c Faculty of Medicine , Laval University , Québec , Canada
| | - Audrey Auclair
- b Cardiology Department , Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- b Cardiology Department , Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec , Québec , Canada.,d Faculty of Pharmacy , Laval University , Québec , Canada
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147
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Hanif W, Alex L, Su Y, Shinde AV, Russo I, Li N, Frangogiannis NG. Left atrial remodeling, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in mouse models of heart failure. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 30:27-37. [PMID: 28759817 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular dysfunction increases left atrial pressures and causes atrial remodeling. In human subjects, increased left atrial size is a powerful predictor of mortality and adverse events in a broad range of cardiac pathologic conditions. Moreover, structural remodeling of the atrium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Despite the potential value of the atrium in assessment of functional endpoints in myocardial disease, atrial pathologic alterations in mouse models of left ventricular disease have not been systematically investigated. Our study describes the geometric, morphologic, and structural changes in experimental mouse models of cardiac pressure overload (induced through transverse aortic constriction), myocardial infarction, and diabetes. Morphometric and histological analysis showed that pressure overload was associated with left atrial dilation, increased left atrial mass, loss of myofibrillar content in a subset of atrial cardiomyocytes, atrial cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and atrial fibrosis. In mice undergoing nonreperfused myocardial infarction protocols, marked left ventricular systolic dysfunction was associated with left atrial enlargement, atrial cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and atrial fibrosis. Both infarcted animals and pressure overloaded mice exhibited attenuation and perturbed localization of atrial connexin-43 immunoreactivity, suggesting gap junctional remodeling. In the absence of injury, obese diabetic db/db mice had diastolic dysfunction associated with atrial dilation, atrial cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and mild atrial fibrosis. Considering the challenges in assessment of clinically relevant functional endpoints in mouse models of heart disease, study of atrial geometry and morphology may serve as an important new tool for evaluation of ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Hanif
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Linda Alex
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ya Su
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Arti V Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ilaria Russo
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Na Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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Yoshida T, Matsuzaki T, Murota T, Kawa G, Matsuda T, Kinoshita H. Evaluation of the Clinical Utility of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Patients Undergoing Radical Surgery for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 15:e943-e954. [PMID: 28552573 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors are effective for treating patients with cancer. The present study evaluated the impact of RAS inhibitors, including angiotensin-2 converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers, after patients underwent radical surgery for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS This retrospective study included 312 patients with nonmetastatic UTUC who underwent radical surgery. The oncological outcomes of patients treated or not treated with RAS inhibitors following surgery were evaluated. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The median follow-up duration after radical surgery was 44.7 months. The 5-year RFS, CSS, and OS rates of patients who did or did not receive RAS inhibitors were 82.3% versus 68.9% (P = .018), 88.9% versus 71.8% (P = .0044), and 68.7% versus 61.8% (P = .047), respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed that the use of RAS inhibitors was an independent prognostic factor for RFS, CSS, and OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.48, P = .013; HR 0.31, P = .002; and HR 0.52, P = .01, respectively). Moreover, patients treated with RAS inhibitors versus untreated patients had better 5-year RFS compared with those in the pT2 and < pN1 subgroups (pT2: 100.0% vs. 62.2%, P = .014 and < pN1: 87.2% vs. 74.7%, P = .034). CONCLUSIONS RAS inhibitors significantly improved RFS, CSS, and OS of patients with UTUC who underwent radical surgery. These agents may be particularly beneficial for patients with stage pT2 or < pN1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kori Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology and Andrology, General Medical Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Murota
- Department of Urology and Andrology, General Medical Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gen Kawa
- Department of Urology, Saisekai Noe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Kinoshita
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
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149
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Yang X, Chen Y, Li Y, Ren X, Xing Y, Shang H. Effects of Wenxin Keli on Cardiac Hypertrophy and Arrhythmia via Regulation of the Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Kinase II Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1569235. [PMID: 28573136 PMCID: PMC5440795 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1569235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Wenxin Keli (WXKL) on the Calcium/Calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMK II) signal transduction pathway with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) rats. Echocardiographic measurements were obtained 3 and 9 weeks after the surgery. Meanwhile, the action potentials (APDs) were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp technique, and western blotting was used to assess components of the CaMK II signal transduction pathway. At both 3 and 9 weeks after treatment, the fractional shortening (FS%) increased in the WXKL group compared with the TAC group. The APD90 of the TAC group was longer than that of the Sham group and was markedly shortened by WXKL treatment. Western blotting results showed that the protein expressions of CaMK II, phospholamban (PLB), and ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) were not statistically significant among the different groups at both treatment time points. However, WXKL treatment decreased the protein level and phosphorylation of CaMK II (Thr-286) and increased the protein level and phosphorylation of PLB (Thr-17) and the phosphorylation of RYR2 (Ser-2814). WXKL also decreased the accumulation of type III collagen fibers. In conclusion, WXKL may improve cardiac function and inhibit the arrhythmia by regulating the CaMK II signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Fujian Health College, Fuzhou 350101, China
| | - Yanda Li
- The Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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150
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Xu Z, Kong XQ. Bixin ameliorates high fat diet-induced cardiac injury in mice through inflammation and oxidative stress suppression. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:991-1004. [PMID: 28292028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is known as an essential complication of diabetes, a main reason leading to mortality for diabetic patients, and novel therapeutic strategies for treatment are urgently required. Bixin (BX), isolated from the seeds of Bixa orellana, is a carotenoid, possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. In our study, we attempted to calculate the role of bixin in cardiac injury progression, and reveal the possible molecular mechanism. Bixin treatment ameliorated cardiac dysfunction through inhibiting fibrosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It reduced fibrosis levels via collagen deposition down-regulation. Inflammatory response was attenuated by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion via Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway inactivation in mice induced by high fat diet. Also, in in vitro studies, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cardiac muscle cells exhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines over-expression, which was reduced by bixin through blocking TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, oxidative stress triggered by high fat in vivo and LPS in vitro was down-regulated for bixin administration via nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway activation. Our study suggested that bixin might be a novel and protective agent with therapeutic activity against cardiac injury by suppressing fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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