101
|
Alwjwaj M, Kadir RRA, Bayraktutan U. The secretome of endothelial progenitor cells: a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1483-1489. [PMID: 33433461 PMCID: PMC8323700 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Despite recent advances in the field of stroke medicine, thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains as the only pharmacological therapy for stroke patients. However, due to short therapeutic window (4.5 hours of stroke onset) and increased risk of hemorrhage beyond this point, each year globally less than 1% of stroke patients receive this therapy which necessitate the discovery of safe and efficacious therapeutics that can be used beyond the acute phase of stroke. Accumulating evidence indicates that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), equipped with an inherent capacity to migrate, proliferate and differentiate, may be one such therapeutics. However, the limited availability of EPCs in peripheral blood and early senescence of few isolated cells in culture conditions adversely affect their application as effective therapeutics. Given that much of the EPC-mediated reparative effects on neurovasculature is realized by a wide range of biologically active substances released by these cells, it is possible that EPC-secretome may serve as an important therapeutic after an ischemic stroke. In light of this assumption, this review paper firstly discusses the main constituents of EPC-secretome that may exert the beneficial effects of EPCs on neurovasculature, and then reviews the currently scant literature that focuses on its therapeutic capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Alwjwaj
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Rais Reskiawan A Kadir
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ulvi Bayraktutan
- Stroke, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Ding X, Xiang W, He X. IFN-I Mediates Dysfunction of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Atherosclerosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581385. [PMID: 33262760 PMCID: PMC7686511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease including the cardiovascular system. Atherosclerosis is the most common cardiovascular complication of SLE and a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Vascular damage/protection mechanism in SLE patients is out of balance, caused by the cascade reaction among oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, activation of B cells and autoantibodies and abnormal T cells. As a precursor cell repairing vascular endothelium, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) belong to the protective mechanism and show the reduced number and impaired function in SLE. However, the pathological mechanism of EPCs dysfunction in SLE remains ill-defined. This paper reviews the latest SLE epidemiology and pathogenesis, discusses the changes in the number and function of EPCs in SLE, expounds the role of EPCs in SLE atherosclerosis, and provides new guidance and theoretical basis for exploring novel targets for SLE treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ding
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical diseases (Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Intestinal Epithelium-Derived Luminally Released Extracellular Vesicles in Sepsis Exhibit the Ability to Suppress TNF-a and IL-17A Expression in Mucosal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228445. [PMID: 33182773 PMCID: PMC7696152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disorder induced by a dysregulated immune response to infection resulting in dysfunction of multiple critical organs, including the intestines. Previous studies have reported contrasting results regarding the abilities of exosomes circulating in the blood of sepsis mice and patients to either promote or suppress inflammation. Little is known about how the gut epithelial cell-derived exosomes released in the intestinal luminal space during sepsis affect mucosal inflammation. To study this question, we isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from intestinal lavage of septic mice. The EVs expressed typical exosomal (CD63 and CD9) and epithelial (EpCAM) markers, which were further increased by sepsis. Moreover, septic-EV injection into inflamed gut induced a significant reduction in the messaging of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-17A. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling and reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed a sepsis-induced exosomal increase in multiple miRNAs, which putatively target TNF-α and IL-17A. These results imply that intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-derived luminal EVs carry miRNAs that mitigate pro-inflammatory responses. Taken together, our study proposes a novel mechanism by which IEC EVs released during sepsis transfer regulatory miRNAs to cells, possibly contributing to the amelioration of gut inflammation.
Collapse
|
104
|
MicroRNA-150 affects endoplasmic reticulum stress via MALAT1-miR-150 axis-mediated NF-κB pathway in LPS-challenged HUVECs and septic mice. Life Sci 2020; 265:118744. [PMID: 33181172 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory complication, which is the common cause of death in critical patients. This study aimed to evaluate the potential regulatory mechanisms of miR-150 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged HUVECs and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were challenged with LPS. Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) were isolated from CLP-induced septic mice. The mRNA and protein levels of target molecules were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis of HUVECs was determined by Annexin V/PI staining on a flow cytometry. The interaction between miR-150 and MALAT1 was assessed by luciferase reporter assay, RIP and RNA pull-down assay. KEY FINDINGS MiR-150 was downregulated in LPS-induced HUVECs. MiR-150 mimics restrained LPS-induced inflammatory response by reducing TNF-α and IL-6 levels, but increasing IL-10 level. Moreover, miR-150 mimics downregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins, GRP78 and CHOP levels in LPS-exposed HUVECs. Additionally, LPS-induced apoptosis was suppressed by miR-150 mimics via decreasing cleaved caspase-3 and Bax levels, while enhancing Bcl-2 level. Mechanistically, MALAT1 could competitively bind to miR-150. LPS-induced apoptosis, ER stress and inflammation were promoted by MALAT1 overexpression, but reversed by siMALAT1. Furthermore, miR-150 inhibitor strengthened LPS-induced apoptosis, ER stress and inflammation, which could be attenuated by siMALAT1 via regulating NF-κB pathway. Finally, agomiR-150 repressed ER stress and inflammatory response in PAECs isolated from septic mice via decreasing MALAT1 level. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that miR-150 affects sepsis-induced endothelial injury by regulating ER stress and inflammation via MALAT1-mediated NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
|
105
|
Lee LK, Medzikovic L, Eghbali M, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. The Role of MicroRNAs in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Sepsis, From Targets to Therapies: A Narrative Review. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1471-1484. [PMID: 33079870 PMCID: PMC8532045 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is characterized by lung epithelial and endothelial cell injury, with increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to pulmonary edema, severe hypoxia, and difficulty with ventilation. The most common cause of ARDS is sepsis, and currently, treatment of ARDS and sepsis has consisted mostly of supportive care because targeted therapies have largely been unsuccessful. The molecular mechanisms behind ARDS remain elusive. Recently, a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) identified through high-throughput screening studies in ARDS patients and preclinical animal models have suggested a role for miRNA in the pathophysiology of ARDS. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs ranging from 18 to 24 nucleotides that regulate gene expression via inhibition of the target mRNA translation or by targeting complementary mRNA for early degradation. Unsurprisingly, some miRNAs that are differentially expressed in ARDS overlap with those important in sepsis. In addition, circulatory miRNA may be useful as biomarkers or as targets for pharmacologic therapy. This can be revolutionary in a syndrome that has neither a measurable indicator of the disease nor a targeted therapy. While there are currently no miRNA-based therapies targeted for ARDS, therapies targeting miRNA have reached phase II clinical trials for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Further studies may yield a unique miRNA profile pattern that serves as a biomarker or as targets for miRNA-based pharmacologic therapy. In this review, we discuss miRNAs that have been found to play a role in ARDS and sepsis, the potential mechanism of how particular miRNAs may contribute to the pathophysiology of ARDS, and strategies for pharmacologically targeting miRNA as therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lejla Medzikovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Mehta M, Satija S, Paudel KR, Malyla V, Kannaujiya VK, Chellappan DK, Bebawy M, Hansbro PM, Wich PR, Dua K. Targeting respiratory diseases using miRNA inhibitor based nanotherapeutics: Current status and future perspectives. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 31:102303. [PMID: 32980549 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in the developmental and physiological processes that occur in both animals and plants. AntagomiRs are synthetic antagonists of miRNA, which prevent the target mRNA from suppression. Therapeutic approaches that modulate miRNAs have immense potential in the treatment of chronic respiratory disorders. However, the successful delivery of miRNAs/antagomiRs to the lungs remains a major challenge in clinical applications. A range of materials, namely, polymer nanoparticles, lipid nanocapsules and inorganic nanoparticles, has shown promising results for intracellular delivery of miRNA in chronic respiratory disorders. This review discusses the current understanding of miRNA biology, the biological roles of antagomiRs in chronic respiratory disease and the recent advances in the therapeutic utilization of antagomiRs as disease biomarkers. Furthermore our review provides a common platform to debate on the nature of antagomiRs and also addresses the viewpoint on the new generation of delivery systems that target antagomiRs in respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Keshav R Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Vamshikrishna Malyla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Wich
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Bai S, Yin Q, Dong T, Dai F, Qin Y, Ye L, Du J, Zhang Q, Chen H, Shen B. Endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110756. [PMID: 33152921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a serious cardiovascular complication of diabetes characterized by inflammation and endothelial damage. Indeed, dysfunction of the endothelium is considered an early marker of atherosclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are prerequisites for blood vessels lined with endothelial cells (ECs), which produce many factors to regulate blood vessel function. Importantly, EPCs also repair some dysfunctions in ECs. Exosomes have been associated with the occurrence and development of disease. Here, we analyzed the microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in exosomes derived from EPCs by using next-generation sequencing. We found that most of the top 10 highest expressed miRNAs in these exosomes were related to atherosclerosis. In a mouse model of atherosclerotic diabetes, treatment with EPC-derived exosomes significantly reduced the production of diabetic atherosclerotic plaques and inflammatory factors. In an in vitro assay examining the contractility of the thoracic aorta from these mice, the addition of EPC-derived exosomes significantly ameliorated the observed endothelium-dependent contractile dysfunction. Taken together, these results indicated that EPC-derived exosomes ameliorated atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of atherosclerotic diabetes. Thus, the present study provides a potential therapeutic application of EPC-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Tao Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Fang Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Ying Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China.
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Qiao S, Zhang W, Yin Y, Wei Z, Chen F, Zhao J, Sun X, Mu D, Xie J, Xu B. Extracellular vesicles derived from Krüppel-Like Factor 2-overexpressing endothelial cells attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by preventing Ly6C high monocyte recruitment. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11562-11579. [PMID: 33052233 PMCID: PMC7545985 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) process in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) triggers an immune response, resulting in myocyte death. Krüppel-Like Factor 2 (KLF2), which is highly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) under laminar flow, exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we explored the role of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from KLF2-overexpressing ECs (KLF2-EVs) in the immunomodulation and its implications in myocardial I/R injury. Methods and Results: The small EVs were isolated from KLF2-overexpressing ECs' supernatant using gradient centrifugation. Mice were subjected to 45 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion, and KLF2-EVs were administrated through intravenous injection. KLF2-EVs ameliorated I/R injury and alleviated inflammation level in the serum and heart. We employed the macrophage depletion model and splenectomy and showed that Ly6Chigh monocyte recruitment from bone marrow was the main target of KLF2-EVs. miRNA-sequencing of KLF2-EVs and bioinformatics analysis implicated miRNA-24-3p (miR-24-3p) as a potent candidate mediator of monocyte recruitment and CCR2 as a downstream target. miR-24-3p mimic inhibited the migration of Ly6Chigh monocytes, and miR-24-3p antagomir reversed the effect of KLF2-EVs in myocardial I/R. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that KLF2-EVs attenuated myocardial I/R injury in mice via shuttling miR-24-3p that restrained the Ly6Chigh monocyte recruitment. Thus, KLF2-EVs could be a potential therapeutic agent for myocardial I/R injury.
Collapse
|
109
|
Bhattacharyya P, Biswas SC. Small Non-coding RNAs: Do They Encode Answers for Controlling SARS-CoV-2 in the Future? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:571553. [PMID: 33072032 PMCID: PMC7530945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.571553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for the current COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, which has hit the world since December 2019. It has spread to about 216 countries worldwide, affecting more than 21.7 million people so far. Although clinical trials of a number of promising antiviral drugs and vaccines against COVID-19 are underway, it is hard to predict how successful these drug- or vaccine-based therapeutics are eventually going to be in combating COVID-19 because most of such therapeutic strategies have failed against human coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) responsible for similar pandemics in the past. In that context, we would like to bring to scientific attention another group of endogenous regulatory molecules, the small non-coding RNAs, especially the microRNAs, which are found to regulate critical cellular pathways in a number of disease conditions, including RNA viral infections. This review will focus on understanding the effect of altered microRNA expression during coronavirus-mediated infections and how it may provide clues for further exploring the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, with a view of developing RNAi-based therapeutics and biomarkers against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Bhattacharyya
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhas C Biswas
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Li M, Li S, Du C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chu L, Han X, Galons H, Zhang Y, Sun H, Yu P. Exosomes from different cells: Characteristics, modifications, and therapeutic applications. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112784. [PMID: 33007722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cystic vesicles secreted by living cells with a phospholipid bilayer membrane. Importantly, these vesicles could serve to carry lipids, proteins, genetic materials, and transmit biological information in vivo. The cell-specific proteins and genetic materials in exosomes are capable of reflecting their cell origin and physiological status. Based on the different tissues and cells (macrophage, dendritic cells, tumor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, various body fluids, and so on), exosomes exhibit different characteristics and functions. Furthermore, owing to their high delivery efficiency, biocompatibility, and multifunctional properties, exosomes are expected to become a new means of drug delivery, disease diagnosis, immunotherapy, and precise treatment. At the same time, in order to supplement or enhance the therapeutic applicability of exosomes, chemical or biological modifications can be used to broaden, change or improve their therapeutic capabilities. This review focuses on three aspects: the characteristics and original functions of exosomes secreted by different cells, the modification and transformation of exosomes, and the application of exosomes in different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Li
- College of Biotechnology, China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- College of Biotechnology, China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- College of Biotechnology, China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Biotechnology, China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Liqiang Chu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hervé Galons
- College of Biotechnology, China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hua Sun
- College of Biotechnology, China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Biotechnology, China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology/Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Wu Y, Li P, Goodwin AJ, Cook JA, Halushka PV, Zingarelli B, Fan H. miR-145a Regulation of Pericyte Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Sepsis. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1037-1045. [PMID: 32285112 PMCID: PMC7430167 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic disease with severe microvascular dysfunction. Pericytes preserve vascular homeostasis. To our knowledge, the potential roles of microRNAs in sepsis-induced pericyte dysfunction have not been explored. METHODS We determined lung pericyte expression of miR-145a in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Mouse lung pericytes were isolated and transfected with a miR-145a mimic, followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We measured inflammatory cytokine levels. To assess the functions of miR-145a in vivo, we generated a pericyte-specific miR-145a-knockout mouse and determined sepsis-induced organ injury, lung and renal vascular leakage, and mouse survival rates. We used RNA sequencing and Western blotting to analyze the signaling pathways regulated by miR-145a. RESULTS CLP led to decreased miR-145a expression in lung pericytes. The miR-145a mimic inhibited LPS-induced increases in cytokines. In CLP-induced sepsis, pericytes lacking miR-145a exhibited increased lung and kidney vascular leakage and reduced survival rates. We found that miR-145a could suppress LPS-induced NF-κB activation. In addition, we confirmed that the transcription factor Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) is a target of miR-145a and that Fli-1 activates NF-κB signaling. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that pericyte miR-145a mediates sepsis-associated microvascular dysfunction, potentially by means of Fli-1-mediated modulation of NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew J Goodwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - James A Cook
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Perry V Halushka
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Zhao Z, Hu Z, Zeng R, Yao Y. HMGB1 in kidney diseases. Life Sci 2020; 259:118203. [PMID: 32781069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nucleoprotein involving in numerous biological processes, and well known to trigger immune responses as the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in the extracellular environment. The role of HMGB1 is distinct due to its multiple functions in different subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 acts as a chaperone to regulate DNA events including DNA replication, repair and nucleosome stability. While in the cytoplasm, it is engaged in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. A great deal of research has explored its function in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. This review mainly focuses on the role of HMGB1 and summarizes the pathway and treatment targeting HMGB1 in the various renal diseases which may open the windows of opportunities for the development of desirable therapeutic ends in these pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Khalaj K, Figueira RL, Antounians L, Lauriti G, Zani A. Systematic review of extracellular vesicle-based treatments for lung injury: are EVs a potential therapy for COVID-19? J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1795365. [PMID: 32944185 PMCID: PMC7481829 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1795365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 infection results in bilateral interstitial pneumonia, often leading to
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis in survivors. Most
patients with severe COVID-19 infections who died had developed ARDS. Currently, ARDS is
treated with supportive measures, but regenerative medicine approaches including
extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have shown promise. Herein, we aimed to analyse
whether EV-based therapies could be effective in treating severe pulmonary conditions that
affect COVID-19 patients and to understand their relevance for an eventual therapeutic
application to human patients. Using a defined search strategy, we conducted a systematic
review of the literature and found 39 articles (2014–2020) that reported effects of EVs,
mainly derived from stem cells, in lung injury models (one large animal study, none in
human). EV treatment resulted in: (1) attenuation of inflammation (reduction of
pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration, M2 macrophage polarization); (2)
regeneration of alveolar epithelium (decreased apoptosis and stimulation of surfactant
production); (3) repair of microvascular permeability (increased endothelial cell junction
proteins); (4) prevention of fibrosis (reduced fibrin production). These effects were
mediated by the release of EV cargo and identified factors including miRs-126, −30b-3p,
−145, −27a-3p, syndecan-1, hepatocyte growth factor and angiopoietin-1. This review
indicates that EV-based therapies hold great potential for COVID-19 related lung injuries
as they target multiple pathways and enhance tissue regeneration. However, before
translating EV therapies into human clinical trials, efforts should be directed at
developing good manufacturing practice solutions for EVs and testing optimal dosage and
administration route in large animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Khalaj
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Lauriti
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Augusto Zani
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Zou Q, Yang M, Yu M, Liu C. Influences of Regulation of miR-126 on Inflammation,Th17/Treg Subpopulation Differentiation, and Lymphocyte Apoptosis through Caspase Signaling Pathway in Sepsis. Inflammation 2020; 43:2287-2300. [PMID: 32748275 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To observe the inflammatory response, differentiation of Th17/Treg subsets and apoptosis of lymphocytes, by regulating miR-126 in lymphocytes of septic rats. After using cecal ligation and puncture to establish sepsis model, miR-126 mimic and miR-126 inhibitor were used to transfect lymphocytes of septic rats in vitro and in vivo. ELISA was used to detect TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10, the differentiation of Th17 and Treg was measured by flow cytometry, and apoptosis of lymphocytes was observed by fluorescence microscope; the changes of caspase signaling pathway were detected by immunofluorescence, PCR, and Western blotting. The result show that the expression of miR-126 increased in sepsis. After overexpression of miR-126, the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 decreased; the release of IL-10 increased; T lymphocyte subsets differentiated toward Treg; caspase signaling pathway weakened; and lymphocyte of apoptosis decreased compared with sepsis group. While, after inhibition of miR-126, the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 increased; the release of IL-10 decreased; T lymphocyte subsets differentiated toward TH17; caspase signaling pathway enhanced; and lymphocyte of apoptosis increased compared with sepsis group. Taken together, regulation of miR-126 can alter the inflammatory response, differentiation of T lymphocyte subsets, and apoptosis of lymphocytes in septic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004, Bengbu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
He Z, Wang H, Yue L. Endothelial progenitor cells-secreted extracellular vesicles containing microRNA-93-5p confer protection against sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via the KDM6B/H3K27me3/TNF-α axis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112173. [PMID: 32679234 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pivotal pathogenetic role of microRNAs (miRs) in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) has been demonstrated in mounting evidence. The functions of the target cells are regulated through the release of cells-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (Evs) into the extracellular space. The present study aims to elucidate the clinical significance as well as biological function of the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived Evs containing miR-93-5p in sepsis-induced AKI. We first established a cellular sepsis-induced AKI mouse model by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tested ectopic expression and depletion experiments in the model. Evs derived from miR-93-5p inhibitor-transfected EPCs (Evs/miR-93-5p inhibitor) were isolated, and co-cultured with HK2 cells to explore the effects of EPC-derived Evs overexpressing miR-93-5p on LPS-induced HK2 cell injury. The interaction between miR-93-5p and lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) was identified using dual-luciferase reporter assay, and ChIP was used to validate the relationship between KDM6B and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Mice were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and then injected with Ev/miR-93-5p inhibitor to explore its functions in vivo. The results found that miR-93-5p and histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) were downregulated while KDM6B was upregulated in LPS-treated HK2 cells. EPC-derived Evs alleviated LPS-induced HK2 cell injury, while Ev/miR-93-5p inhibitor potentiated the cell injury in vitro. miR-93-5p was found to directly target KDM6B. Silencing KDM6B induced H3K27me3, inhibiting the activation of TNF-α, thereby weakening LPS-induced HK2 cell injury. EPC-derived Evs containing miR-93-5p attenuated multiple organ injury, vascular leakage, inflammation, and apoptosis in septic mice. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that endothelial protection from EPC-derived Evs carrying miR-93-5p in sepsis-induced AKI, which was mediated by regulation KDM6BH/3K27me3/TNF-α axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua He
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, PR China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Dispensing Room, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, PR China
| | - Lingju Yue
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Tang TT, Wang B, Lv LL, Liu BC. Extracellular vesicle-based Nanotherapeutics: Emerging frontiers in anti-inflammatory therapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:8111-8129. [PMID: 32724461 PMCID: PMC7381724 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is a complicated pathological process involved in various diseases, and the treatment of inflammation-linked disorders currently represents an enormous global burden. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized, lipid membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by virtually all types of cells, which act as an important intercellular communicative medium. Considering their capacity to transfer bioactive substances, both unmodified and engineered EVs are increasingly being explored as potential therapeutic agents or therapeutic vehicles. Moreover, as the nature's own delivery tool, EVs possess many desirable advantages, such as stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, and biological barrier permeability. The application of EV-based therapy to combat inflammation, though still in an early stage of development, has profound transformative potential. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in EV engineering for inflammation targeting and modulation, summarize their preclinical applications in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, and present our views on the anti-inflammatory applications of EV-based nanotherapeutics.
Collapse
|
117
|
Im Y, Yoo H, Lee JY, Park J, Suh GY, Jeon K. Association of plasma exosomes with severity of organ failure and mortality in patients with sepsis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9439-9445. [PMID: 32639098 PMCID: PMC7417686 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current sepsis biomarkers may be helpful in determining organ failure and evaluating patient clinical course; however, direct molecular biomarkers to predict subsequent organ failure have not yet been discovered. Exosomes, a small population of extracellular vesicles, play an important role in the inflammatory response, coagulation process and cardiac dysfunction in sepsis. Nonetheless, the association of plasma exosome with severity and mortality of sepsis is not well known. Therefore, the overall levels of plasma exosome in sepsis patients were assessed and whether exosome levels were associated with organ failure and mortality was evaluated in the present study. Plasma level of exosomes was measured by ELISA. Among 220 patients with sepsis, 145 (66%) patients were diagnosed with septic shock. A trend of increased exosome levels in control, sepsis and septic shock groups was observed (204 µg/mL vs 525 µg/mL vs 802 µg/mL, P < 0.001). A positive linear relationship was observed between overall exosome levels and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in the study cohorts (r value = 0.47). When patients were divided into two groups according to best cut‐off level, a statistical difference in 28‐ and 90‐day mortality between patients with high and low plasma exosomes was observed. Elevated levels of plasma exosomes were associated with severity of organ failure and predictive of mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjoo Im
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseon Park
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Young Suh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongman Jeon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Park EJ, Appiah MG, Myint PK, Gaowa A, Kawamoto E, Shimaoka M. Exosomes in Sepsis and Inflammatory Tissue Injury. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4486-4495. [PMID: 31738129 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191116125525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in medical intensive care units, and thus represents a serious healthcare problem worldwide. Sepsis is often caused by the aberrant host responses to infection, which induce dysregulated inflammation that leads to life-threatening multiple organ failures. Mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines that drive the sepsis pathogenesis have been extensively studied. Exosomes, biological lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted via the endosomal pathway of cells, have recently emerged as important cargos that carry multiple mediators critical for the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated organ dysfunctions. Here we will review current knowledge on the exosomes in sepsis and relevant inflammatory tissue injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun J Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
| | - Michael G Appiah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
| | - Phyoe K Myint
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
| | - Arong Gaowa
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Goodwin AJ, Li P, Halushka PV, Cook JA, Sumal AS, Fan H. Circulating miRNA 887 is differentially expressed in ARDS and modulates endothelial function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1261-L1269. [PMID: 32321279 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00494.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be taken up by recipient cells and have been recently associated with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Their role in host predisposition to the syndrome is unknown. The objective of the study was to identify circulating miRNAs associated with the development of sepsis-related ARDS and examine their impact on endothelial cell gene expression and function. We determined miRNA levels in plasma collected from subjects during the first 24 h of admission to a tertiary intensive care unit for sepsis. A miRNA that was differentially expressed between subjects who did and did not develop ARDS was identified and was transfected into human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). RNA sequencing, in silico analysis, cytokine expression, and leukocyte migration assays were used to determine the impact of this miRNA on gene expression and cell function. In two cohorts, circulating miR-887-3p levels were elevated in septic patients who developed ARDS compared with those who did not. Transfection of miR-887-3p into HPMECs altered gene expression, including the upregulation of several genes previously associated with ARDS (e.g., CXCL10, CCL5, CX3CL1, VCAM1, CASP1, IL1B, IFNB, and TLR2), and activation of cellular pathways relevant to the response to infection. Functionally, miR-887-3p increased the endothelial release of chemokines and facilitated trans-endothelial leukocyte migration. Circulating miR-887-3p is associated with ARDS in critically ill patients with sepsis. In vitro, miR-887-3p regulates the expression of genes relevant to ARDS and neutrophil tracking. This miRNA may contribute to ARDS pathogenesis and could represent a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Goodwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Perry V Halushka
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - James A Cook
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Aman S Sumal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Cavaillon J, Singer M, Skirecki T. Sepsis therapies: learning from 30 years of failure of translational research to propose new leads. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10128. [PMID: 32176432 PMCID: PMC7136965 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201810128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health priority. There has been a tremendous effort to decipher underlying mechanisms responsible for organ failure and death, and to develop new treatments. Despite saving thousands of animals over the last three decades in multiple preclinical studies, no new effective drug has emerged that has clearly improved patient outcomes. In the present review, we analyze the reasons for this failure, focusing on the inclusion of inappropriate patients and the use of irrelevant animal models. We advocate against repeating the same mistakes and propose changes to the research paradigm. We discuss the long-term consequences of surviving sepsis and, finally, list some putative approaches-both old and new-that could help save lives and improve survivorship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineCentre of Postgraduate Medical EducationWarsawPoland
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Venkat P, Cui C, Chen Z, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Landschoot-Ward J, Culmone L, Yang XP, Xu J, Chen J. CD133+Exosome Treatment Improves Cardiac Function after Stroke in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:112-124. [PMID: 32198711 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac complications post-stroke are common, and diabetes exacerbates post-stroke cardiac injury. In this study, we tested whether treatment with exosomes harvested from human umbilical cord blood derived CD133+ cells (CD133+Exo) improves cardiac function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stroke mice. Adult (3-4 m), male, BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db, T2DM) and non-DM (db+) mice were randomized to sham or photothrombotic stroke groups. T2DM-stroke mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or CD133+Exo (20 μg, i.v.) at 3 days after stroke. T2DM sham and T2DM+CD133+Exo treatment groups were included as controls. Echocardiography was performed, and mice were sacrificed at 28 days after stroke. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial capillary density, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammatory factor expression were measured in the heart. MicroRNA-126 expression and its target gene expression were measured in the heart. T2DM mice exhibit significant cardiac deficits such as decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and shortening fraction (LVSF), increased left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDD), and reduced heart rate compared to non-DM mice. Stroke in non-DM and T2DM mice significantly decreases LVEF compared to non-DM and T2DM-sham, respectively. Cardiac dysfunction is worse in T2DM-stroke mice compared to non-DM-stroke mice. CD133+Exo treatment of T2DM-stroke mice significantly improves cardiac function identified by increased LVEF and decreased LVDD compared to PBS treated T2DM-stroke mice. In addition, CD133+Exo treatment significantly decreases body weight and blood glucose but does not decrease lesion volume in T2DM-stroke mice. CD133+Exo treatment of T2DM mice significantly decreases body weight and blood glucose but does not improve cardiac function. CD133+Exo treatment in T2DM-stroke mice significantly decreases myocardial cross-sectional area, interstitial fibrosis, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), numbers of M1 macrophages, and oxidative stress markers 4-HNE (4-hydroxynonenal) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in heart tissue. CD133+Exo treatment increases myocardial capillary density in T2DM-stroke mice as well as upregulates endothelial cell capillary tube formation in vitro. MiR-126 is highly expressed in CD133+Exo compared to exosomes derived from endothelial cells. Compared to PBS treatment, CD133+Exo treatment significantly increases miR-126 expression in the heart and decreases its target gene expression such as Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (Spred-1), vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) in the heart of T2DM-stroke mice. CD133+Exo treatment significantly improves cardiac function in T2DM-stroke mice. The cardio-protective effects of CD133+Exo in T2DM-stroke mice may be attributed at least in part to increasing miR-126 expression and decreasing its target protein expression in the heart, increased myocardial capillary density and decreased cardiac inflammatory factor expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Chengcheng Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Zhili Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | - Lauren Culmone
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- Hypertension Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jiang Xu
- Hypertension Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Galley JD, Besner GE. The Therapeutic Potential of Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030745. [PMID: 32168961 PMCID: PMC7146576 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, interest in the therapeutic benefits of exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown exponentially. Exosomes/EVs are small particles which are produced and exocytosed by cells throughout the body. They are loaded with active regulatory and stimulatory molecules from the parent cell including miRNAs and enzymes, making them prime targets in therapeutics and diagnostics. Breast milk, known for years to have beneficial health effects, contains a population of EVs which may mediate its therapeutic effects. This review offers an update on the therapeutic potential of exosomes/EVs in disease, with a focus on EVs present in human breast milk and their remedial effect in the gastrointestinal disease necrotizing enterocolitis. Additionally, the relationship between EV miRNAs, health, and disease will be examined, along with the potential for EVs and their miRNAs to be engineered for targeted treatments.
Collapse
|
123
|
Sun R, Huang J, Sun B. Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells in sepsis. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
124
|
Liu A, Zhang X, He H, Zhou L, Naito Y, Sugita S, Lee JW. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived secretome and vesicles for lung injury and disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 20:125-140. [PMID: 31701782 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1689954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical condition common in patients with respiratory failure. Based largely on numerous preclinical studies and recent Phase I/II clinical trials, administration of stem cells, specifically mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSC), as a therapeutic for acute lung injury (ALI) holds great promise. However, concern for the use of stem cells, specifically the risk of iatrogenic tumor formation, remains unresolved. Accumulating evidence now suggest that stem cell-derived conditioned medium (CM) and/or extracellular vesicles (EV) might constitute compelling alternatives.Areas covered: The current review focuses on the preclinical studies testing MSC CM and/or EV as treatment for ALI and other inflammatory lung diseases.Expert opinion: Clinical application of MSC or their secreted CM may be limited by the cost of growing enough cells, the logistic of MSC storage, and the lack of standardization of what constitutes MSC CM. However, the clinical application of MSC EV remains promising, primarily due to the ability of EV to maintain the functional phenotype of the parent cell as a therapeutic. However, utilization of MSC EV will also require large-scale production, the cost of which may be prohibitive unless the potency of the EV can be increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Airan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli He
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shinji Sugita
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Lin F, Zeng Z, Song Y, Li L, Wu Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Ke X, Hu X. YBX-1 mediated sorting of miR-133 into hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced EPC-derived exosomes to increase fibroblast angiogenesis and MEndoT. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 31443679 PMCID: PMC6708233 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathophysiological change in cardiovascular disease, which can cause cardiac dysfunction and even sudden death. Excessively activated fibroblasts proliferate and secret excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components, resulting in normal cardiac structural damage and cardiac fibrosis. We previously found that human endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived exosomes, after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induction, could significantly increase the mesenchymal-endothelial transition (MEndoT) compared to normal culture EPC-derived exosomes. Exosomes have been shown to carry different nucleic acids, including microRNAs. However, the effects of microRNAs in EPC-derived exosomes on MEndoT and myocardial fibrosis remain unknown. Methods EPCs were isolated from human peripheral blood, and fibroblasts were isolated from rat hearts, then transfected with miR-133 inhibitor, si-YBX-1, and ov-YBX-1 into EPCs. After H/R induction for 48 h, isolation and characterization of exosomes derived from human EPCs were performed. Finally, fibroblasts were treated by exosome at 48 h. The expression of miR-133 was measured by qRT-PCR; YBX-1 expression was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Angiopoiesis was measured by tube formation assay. Endothelial markers and fibrosis markers were measured by western blot. Results H/R treatment promoted miR-133 expression in EPCs and EPC-derived exosomes. miR-133 could be incorporated into exosomes and transmitted to cardiac fibroblasts, increasing the angiogenesis and MEndoT of cardiac fibroblasts. miR-133 silencing in H/R-induced EPCs could inhibit miR-133 expression in EPCs and EPCs-derived exosomes. miR-133 silencing in H/R-induced EPCs could inhibit the angiogenesis and MEndoT of cardiac fibroblasts and reverse the effect of H/R treatment. Additionally, miR-133 was specially sorted into H/R-induced EPC-derived exosomes via YBX-1. YBX-1 silencing inhibited miR-133 transfer and reduced fibroblast angiogenesis and MEndoT. Conclusion miR-133 was specially sorted into H/R-induced EPC-derived exosomes via YBX-1 to increase fibroblast angiogenesis and MEndoT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Zhicong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Yinzhi Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China.,Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zijun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Xiaoduo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen University School of Medicine & Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 12, Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Recent progress in microRNA-based delivery systems for the treatment of human disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-019-0024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
127
|
Endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes facilitate vascular endothelial cell repair through shuttling miR-21-5p to modulate Thrombospondin-1 expression. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1629-1644. [PMID: 31315970 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our previous studies observed that administration of exosomes from endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) facilitated vascular repair in the rat model of balloon injury. However, the molecular events underlying this process remain elusive. Here, we aim to interrogate the key miRNAs within EPC-derived exosomes (EPC-exosomes) responsible for the activation of endothelial cell (EC) repair. Methods: The efficacy of EPC-exosomes in re-endothelialization was examined by Evans Blue dye and histological examination in the rat model of balloon-induced carotid artery injury. The effects of EPC-exosomes on human vascular EC (HUVEC) were also studied by evaluating the effects on growth, migratory and tube formation. To dissect the underlying mechanism, RNA-sequencing assays were performed to determine miRNA abundance in exosomes and mRNA profiles in exosome-treated HUVECs. Meanwhile, in vitro loss of function assays identified an exosomal miRNA and its target gene in EC, which engaged in EPC-exosomes-induced EC repair. Results: Administration of EPC-exosomes potentiated re-endothelialization in the early phase after endothelial damage in the rat carotid artery. The uptake of exogenous EPC-exosomes intensified HUVEC in proliferation rate, migration and tube-forming ability. Integrative analyses of miRNA-mRNA interactions revealed that miR-21-5p was highly enriched in EPC-exosomes and specifically suppressed the expression of an angiogenesis inhibitor Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) in the recipient EC. The following functional studies demonstrated a fundamental role of miR-21-5p in the pro-angiogenic activities of EPC-exosomes. Conclusions: The present work highlights a critical event for the regulation of EC behavior by EPC-exosomes, which EPC-exosomes may deliver miR-21-5p and inhibit THBS1 expression to promote EC repair.
Collapse
|
128
|
Hu H, Jiang C, Li R, Zhao J. Comparison of endothelial cell- and endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes in promoting vascular endothelial cell repair. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:2793-2800. [PMID: 31934115 PMCID: PMC6949553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely endothelial repair after intervention-associated vascular injury is critical to prevent restenosis and thrombosis. Compared to living cell therapies, exosomes may be a better alternative. Thus, we aimed to compare the role of exosomes derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) versus those derived from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vascular endothelial repair. MATERIAL/METHODS Exosomes secreted from HUVECs and EPCs were isolated and characterized respectively. In vitro, the effects of the two types of exosomes on migration and proliferation of endothelial cells were studied. In vivo, rats were systemically treated with the two exosome groups respectively after carotid artery endothelial injury induced by a balloon. The efficacy in promoting re-endothelialization was measured by Evans blue dye and histological examination. RESULTS Both types of exosomes, sized from 30 nm to 100 nm, had sphere-shaped or cupped morphology, and expressed CD63, CD9, and CD81; but the total yield of exosomes (particles/mL) based on number of cells, was 4.2 times higher from EPCs than HUVECs. Compared with control treatment, both exosome treated groups manifested significant enhancement of migration and proliferation in vitro and vascular recovery at an early stage in vivo. The two exosome-treated groups, however, did not statistically significantly differ. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results indicated that exosomes derived from HUVECs and EPCs had similar morphology, size distributions and characteristics, but those derived from EPCs were more abundant with comparable biologic activity. Therefore, EPCs may be a robust source of exosomes to promote vascular repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Jungong Zhao
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Zhang X, Lu A, Li Z, Sun J, Dai D, Qian L. Exosomes secreted by endothelial progenitor cells improve the bioactivity of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells exposed to hyperoxia in vitro. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:254. [PMID: 31355221 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Paracrine factors secreted by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are suggested to be responsible, in part, for the improved microvascular development in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) models. This study aims to investigate the potential role of exosomes derived from EPCs (EPC-EXOs), a component of paracrine secretion, in angiogenesis by mediating the activity of PMVECs exposed to hyperoxia. Methods EPCs were isolated from bone marrow of rats. EPC-EXOs were isolated by ExoQuick-TC kits from the conditioned media of EPCs. The PMVECs were divided into three groups, including the normal group, the hyperoxia group (exposed to 85% O2) and the EPC-EXOs treatment group (exposed to 85% O2 and EPC-EXOs with the concentration of 100 µg/mL). The activities of proliferation, migration and tube formation of PMVECs were detected at the endpoint. The mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF, VEGFR2 and eNOS in different groups were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. Results We found EPC-EXOs exhibited a cup or biconcave morphology, with the size ranging from 30 to 150 nm, and positive for the characteristic exosomal surface marker proteins, CD63 and TSG101. Comparing to the control group, Hyperoxic stress impaired the proliferation, migration, and tubule formation of PMVECs, and decreased the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) of PMVECs. Comparing to the hyperoxia group, EPC-EXOs treatment enhanced the bioactivity of PMVECs in vitro, and increased the expression of eNOS, VEGF and VEGFR2. Conclusions Our data demonstrate EPCs secrete exosomes that have independent angiogenic activity in vitro. This may help explain in part the protective effects of EPCs on hyperoxic injury in the developing lung vasculature and may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Aizhen Lu
- Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zhi Li
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Dan Dai
- Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Liling Qian
- Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Cardiovascular inflammation: RNA takes the lead. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:247-256. [PMID: 30880251 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has recently gained tremendous attention as a key contributor in several chronic diseases. While physiological inflammation is essential to counter a wide variety of damaging stimuli and to improve wound healing, dysregulated inflammation such as in the myocardium and vasculature can promote cardiovascular diseases. Given the high severity, prevalence, and economic burden of these diseases, understanding the factors involved in the regulation of physiological inflammation is essential. Like other complex biological phenomena, RNA-based processes are emerging as major regulators of inflammatory responses. Among such processes are cis-regulatory elements in the mRNA of inflammatory genes, noncoding RNAs directing the production or localization of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, or pathogenic RNA driving inflammatory responses. In this review, we describe several specific RNA-based molecular mechanisms by which physiological inflammation pertaining to cardiovascular diseases is regulated. These include the role of AU-rich element-containing mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and viral RNAs.
Collapse
|
131
|
Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microparticles, their parts, and their targets to enable their biomanufacturing and clinical applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:89-98. [PMID: 30851486 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles, the submicron-size microparticles and the nanometer-size exosomes, that carry RNAs, proteins and lipids from their parent cells. EV generation takes place under cellular activation or stress. Cells use EVs to communicate with other cells by delivering signals through their content and surface proteins. Beyond diagnostic and discovery applications, EVs are excellent candidates for enabling safe and potent cell and gene therapies, especially those requiring strong target specificity. Here we examine EVs, their engineering and applications by dissecting mechanistic and engineering aspects of their components that endow them with their unique capabilities: their cargo and membranes proteins. Both EV cargo and membranes can be independently engineered and used for various applications. We review early efforts for their biomanufacturing.
Collapse
|
132
|
Zhou Y, Li P, Goodwin AJ, Cook JA, Halushka PV, Chang E, Zingarelli B, Fan H. Exosomes from endothelial progenitor cells improve outcomes of the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:44. [PMID: 30760290 PMCID: PMC6373158 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier resulting in accumulation of proteinaceous edema and increased inflammatory cells in the alveolar space. We previously found that endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) exosomes prevent endothelial dysfunction and lung injury in sepsis in part due to their encapsulation of miRNA-126. However, the effects of EPC exosomes in acute lung injury (ALI) remain unknown. Methods To determine if EPC exosomes would have beneficial effects in ALI, intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce ALI in mice. Lung permeability, inflammation, and the role of miRNA-126 in the alveolar-epithelial barrier function were examined. Results The intratracheal administration of EPC exosomes reduced lung injury following LPS-induced ALI at 24 and 48 h. Compared to placebo, intratracheal administration of EPC exosomes significantly reduced the cell number, protein concentration, and cytokines/chemokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), indicating a reduction in permeability and inflammation. Further, EPC exosomes reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lung injury score, and pulmonary edema, demonstrating protection against lung injury. Murine fibroblast (NIH3T3) exosomes, which do not contain abundant miRNA-126, did not provide these beneficial effects. In human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), we found that overexpression of miRNA-126-3p can target phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2), while overexpression of miRNA-126-5p inhibits the inflammatory alarmin HMGB1 and permeability factor VEGFα. Interestingly, both miR-126-3p and 5p increase the expression of tight junction proteins suggesting a potential mechanism by which miRNA-126 may mitigate LPS-induced lung injury. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that human EPC exosomes are beneficial in LPS-induced ALI mice, in part through the delivery of miRNA-126 into the injured alveolus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-019-2339-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., MSC 908, CRI Room 610, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Department of Biopharmaceutics College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., MSC 908, CRI Room 610, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Andrew J Goodwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - James A Cook
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Perry V Halushka
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Eugene Chang
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 41073, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., MSC 908, CRI Room 610, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Jones Buie JN, Zhou Y, Goodwin AJ, Cook JA, Vournakis J, Demcheva M, Broome AM, Dixit S, Halushka PV, Fan H. Application of Deacetylated Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine Nanoparticles for the Delivery of miR-126 for the Treatment of Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis. Inflammation 2019; 42:170-184. [PMID: 30244405 PMCID: PMC6380957 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is an acute inflammatory syndrome in response to infection. In some cases, excessive inflammation from sepsis results in endothelial dysfunction and subsequent increased vascular permeability leading to organ failure. We previously showed that treatment with endothelial progenitor cells, which highly express microRNA-126 (miR-126), improved survival in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis. miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression and cell function, play a major role in endothelial homeostasis, and may represent an emerging therapeutic modality. However, delivery of miRNAs to cells in vitro and in vivo is challenging due to rapid degradation by ubiquitous RNases. Herein, we developed a nanoparticle delivery system separately combining deacetylated poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (DEAC-pGlcNAc) polymers with miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-126-5p and testing these combinations in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that DEAC-pGlcNAc polymers have an appropriate size and zeta potential for cellular uptake and when complexed, DEAC-pGlcNAc protects miRNA from RNase A degradation. Further, DEAC-pGlcNAc efficiently encapsulates miRNAs as evidenced by preventing their migration in an agarose gel. The DEAC-pGlcNAc-miRNA complexes were taken up by multiple cell types and the delivered miRNAs had biological effects on their targets in vitro including pERK and DLK-1. In addition, we found that delivery of DEAC-pGlcNAc alone or DEAC-pGlcNAc:miRNA-126-5p nanoparticles to septic animals significantly improved survival, preserved vascular integrity, and modulated cytokine production. These composite studies support the concept that DEAC-pGlcNAc nanoparticles are an effective platform for delivering miRNAs and that they may provide therapeutic benefit in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy N Jones Buie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., MSC 908, CRI Room 610, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., MSC 908, CRI Room 610, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Biopharmaceutics College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Andrew J Goodwin
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - James A Cook
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - John Vournakis
- Marine Polymer Technologies, Inc., Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Marina Demcheva
- Marine Polymer Technologies, Inc., Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Broome
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Suraj Dixit
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Perry V Halushka
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., MSC 908, CRI Room 610, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Jia Y, Zhu Y, Qiu S, Xu J, Chai Y. Exosomes secreted by endothelial progenitor cells accelerate bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis by stimulating angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:12. [PMID: 30635031 PMCID: PMC6329174 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an effective but lengthy procedure to fully induce bone regeneration in large bone defects. Accumulating evidence supports the role of exosomes secreted by endothelial progenitor cells (EPC-Exos) in stimulating angiogenesis, which is closely coupled with osteogenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether EPC-Exos promote bone regeneration during DO in rats. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the supernatants of rat bone marrow EPCs via ultracentrifugation and characterized via transmission electron microscopy, tunable resistive pulse sensing analysis, and western blot analysis. Unilateral tibial DO models were generated using 68 Sprague-Dawley rats with a distraction rate of 0.5 mm per day for 10 days. After local injection of EPC-Exos into the distraction gaps after distraction, the therapeutic effects of EPC-Exos on bone regeneration and angiogenesis were assessed via X-ray, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and biomechanical and histological analyses. Pro-angiogenic effects and the potential mechanism underlying the effects of EPC-Exos on human umbilical vein endothelial cells were subsequently evaluated via in vitro assays including Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, tube formation, and western blot assays. Results EPC-Exos were spherical or cup-shaped vesicles ranging from 50 to 150 nm in diameter and expressed markers including CD9, Alix, and TSG101. X-ray, micro-CT, and histological analyses revealed that bone regeneration was markedly accelerated in rats treated with EPC-Exos. The distracted tibias from the Exos group also displayed enhanced mechanical properties. Moreover, vessel density was higher in the Exos group than in the control group. In addition, in vitro analyses revealed that EPC-Exos enhanced the proliferation, migration, and angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells in an miR-126-dependent manner. Further, EPC-Exos downregulated SPRED1 and activated Raf/ERK signaling. Conclusions The present results show that EPC-Exos accelerate bone regeneration during DO by stimulating angiogenesis, suggesting their use as a novel method to shorten the treatment duration of DO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Saberianpour S, Heidarzadeh M, Geranmayeh MH, Hosseinkhani H, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Tissue engineering strategies for the induction of angiogenesis using biomaterials. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:36. [PMID: 30603044 PMCID: PMC6307144 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is touted as a fundamental procedure in the regeneration and restoration of different tissues. The induction of de novo blood vessels seems to be vital to yield a successful cell transplantation rate loaded on various scaffolds. Scaffolds are natural or artificial substances that are considered as one of the means for delivering, aligning, maintaining cell connection in a favor of angiogenesis. In addition to the potential role of distinct scaffold type on vascularization, the application of some strategies such as genetic manipulation, and conjugation of pro-angiogenic factors could intensify angiogenesis potential. In the current review, we focused on the status of numerous scaffolds applicable in the field of vascular biology. Also, different strategies and priming approaches useful for the induction of pro-angiogenic signaling pathways were highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Saberianpour
- 1Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- 2Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Heidarzadeh
- 1Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- 3Neuroscience Research Center, Imam Reza Medical Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- 1Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- 5Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- 2Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- 1Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- 5Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Li P, Zhou Y, Goodwin AJ, Cook JA, Halushka PV, Zhang XK, Wilson CL, Schnapp LM, Zingarelli B, Fan H. Fli-1 Governs Pericyte Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Sepsis. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1995-2005. [PMID: 30053030 PMCID: PMC6217724 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pericytes are vascular mural cells and are embedded in the basement membrane of the microvasculature. Recent studies suggest a role for pericytes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microvascular dysfunction and mortality, but the mechanisms of pericyte loss in sepsis are largely unknown. Methods By using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced murine model of sepsis, we observed that CLP led to lung and renal pericyte loss and reduced lung pericyte density and pericyte/endothelial cell (EC) coverage. Results Up-regulated Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein levels were found in lung pericytes from CLP mice in vivo and in LPS-stimulated lung pericytes in vitro. Knockout of Fli-1 in Foxd1-derived pericytes prevented CLP-induced pericyte loss, vascular leak, and improved survival. Disrupted Fli-1 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in cultured lung pericytes. Furthermore, CLP-induced pericyte pyroptosis was mitigated in pericyte Fli-1 knockout mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Fli-1 is a potential therapeutic target in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Andrew J Goodwin
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - James A Cook
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Perry V Halushka
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Xian K Zhang
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Carole L Wilson
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Lynn M Schnapp
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Letsiou E, Bauer N. Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Function and Disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:197-256. [PMID: 30360780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary vascular endothelium is involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Endothelial cell (EC)-derived products such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as EC messengers that mediate inflammatory as well as cytoprotective effects. EC-EVs are a broad term, which encompasses exosomes and microvesicles of endothelial origin. EVs are comprised of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins that reflect not only the cellular origin but also the stimulus that triggered their biogenesis and secretion. This chapter presents an overview of the biology of EC-EVs and summarizes key findings regarding their characteristics, components, and functions. The role of EC-EVs is specifically delineated in pulmonary diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction, including pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome and associated conditions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obstructive sleep apnea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Bauer
- Department of Pharmacology & Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Wu X, Liu Z, Hu L, Gu W, Zhu L. Exosomes derived from endothelial progenitor cells ameliorate acute lung injury by transferring miR-126. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
139
|
Yang J, Zhang S, Zhang J, Dong J, Wu J, Zhang L, Guo P, Tang S, Zhao Z, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Wu F. Identification of key genes and pathways using bioinformatics analysis in septic shock children. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1163-1174. [PMID: 30147344 PMCID: PMC6098424 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s157269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and hypothesis Sepsis is still one of the reasons for serious infectious diseases in pediatric intensive care unit patients despite the use of anti-infective therapy and organ support therapy. As it is well-known, the effect of single gene or pathway does not play a role in sepsis. We want to explore the interaction of two more genes or pathways in sepsis patients for future works. We hypothesize that the discovery from the available gene expression data of pediatric sepsis patients could know the process or improve the situation. Methods and results The gene expression profile dataset GSE26440 of 98 septic shock samples and 32 normal samples using whole blood-derived RNA samples were generated. A total of 1,108 upregulated and 142 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in septic shock children using R software packages. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were analyzed using DAVID software; Gene Set Enrichment Analysis method was also used for enrichment analysis of the DEGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the top 10 hub genes construction of the DEGs were constructed via plug-in Molecular Complex Detection and cytoHubba of Cytoscape software. From the PPI network, the top 10 hub genes, which are all upregulated DEGs in the septic shock children, were identified as GAPDH, TNF, EGF, MAPK3, IL-10, TLR4, MAPK14, IL-1β, PIK3CB, and TLR2. Some of them were involved in one or more significant inflammatory pathways, such as the enrichment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. These findings support future studies on pediatric septic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junting Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, ;
| | - Shunwen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, ; .,The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiangtao Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiangdong Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, ;
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, ;
| | - Peng Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Suyu Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhengyong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, ;
| | - Hongzhou Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, ;
| | - Yanheng Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, ;
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, ;
| |
Collapse
|