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Muto A, Tashiro S, Tsuchiya H, Kume A, Kanno M, Ito E, Yamamoto M, Igarashi K. Activation of Maf/AP-1 repressor Bach2 by oxidative stress promotes apoptosis and its interaction with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:20724-33. [PMID: 11923289 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress response operates by inducing the expression of genes that counteract the stress. We show here that the oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor Bach2 is a generic inhibitor of gene expression directed by the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element, the Maf recognition element, and the antioxidant-responsive element. The Bach2-enhanced green fluorescent protein bicistronic retrovirus was used to monitor the fate of Bach2-expressing cells at the single cell level. Bach2 exerted an inhibitory effect on NIH3T3 cell proliferation and caused massive apoptosis upon mild oxidative stress in both NIH3T3 and Raji B-lymphoid cells. Interestingly, Bach1, a highly homologous protein, could not induce cell death, demonstrating the specificity for the apoptosis induction. Although both oxidative stress and leptomycin B, an inhibitor of nuclear export, induce nuclear accumulation of Bach2, the leptomycin B-induced nuclear accumulation of Bach2 was not sufficient to elicit apoptosis. Upon oxidative stress, Bach2 formed nuclear foci that associated with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies. Our results suggest that Bach2 constitutes a cell lineage-specific system that couples oxidative stress and cell death and that inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element, the Maf recognition element, and the antioxidant-responsive element upon oxidative stress may be critical determinants for apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Muto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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105
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Langley E, Pearson M, Faretta M, Bauer UM, Frye RA, Minucci S, Pelicci PG, Kouzarides T. Human SIR2 deacetylates p53 and antagonizes PML/p53-induced cellular senescence. EMBO J 2002; 21:2383-96. [PMID: 12006491 PMCID: PMC126010 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.10.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast Sir2 protein mediates chromatin silencing through an intrinsic NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity. Sir2 is a conserved protein and was recently shown to regulate lifespan extension both in budding yeast and worms. Here, we show that SIRT1, the human Sir2 homolog, is recruited to the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies of mammalian cells upon overexpression of either PML or oncogenic Ras (Ha-rasV12). SIRT1 binds and deacetylates p53, a component of PML nuclear bodies, and it can repress p53-mediated transactivation. Moreover, we show that SIRT1 and p53 co-localize in nuclear bodies upon PML upregulation. When overexpressed in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), SIRT1 antagonizes PML-induced acetylation of p53 and rescues PML-mediated premature cellular senescence. Taken together, our data establish the SIRT1 deacetylase as a novel negative regulator of p53 function capable of modulating cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Langley
- Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK, European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, I-20141 Milan, University of Milan, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, I-20100 Milan, Italy and Pittsburgh V.A. Medical Center (132L), Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA Present address: Novartis, Oncology Department, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Mark Pearson
- Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK, European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, I-20141 Milan, University of Milan, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, I-20100 Milan, Italy and Pittsburgh V.A. Medical Center (132L), Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA Present address: Novartis, Oncology Department, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Mario Faretta
- Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK, European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, I-20141 Milan, University of Milan, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, I-20100 Milan, Italy and Pittsburgh V.A. Medical Center (132L), Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA Present address: Novartis, Oncology Department, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK, European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, I-20141 Milan, University of Milan, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, I-20100 Milan, Italy and Pittsburgh V.A. Medical Center (132L), Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA Present address: Novartis, Oncology Department, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Roy A. Frye
- Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK, European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, I-20141 Milan, University of Milan, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, I-20100 Milan, Italy and Pittsburgh V.A. Medical Center (132L), Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA Present address: Novartis, Oncology Department, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK, European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, I-20141 Milan, University of Milan, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, I-20100 Milan, Italy and Pittsburgh V.A. Medical Center (132L), Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA Present address: Novartis, Oncology Department, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK, European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, I-20141 Milan, University of Milan, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, I-20100 Milan, Italy and Pittsburgh V.A. Medical Center (132L), Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA Present address: Novartis, Oncology Department, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK, European Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, I-20141 Milan, University of Milan, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, I-20100 Milan, Italy and Pittsburgh V.A. Medical Center (132L), Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA Present address: Novartis, Oncology Department, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Corresponding author e-mail:
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107
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Harbers M, Nomura T, Ohno S, Ishii S. Intracellular localization of the Ret finger protein depends on a functional nuclear export signal and protein kinase C activation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:48596-607. [PMID: 11591718 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108077200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ret finger protein (RFP) was identified initially as an oncogene product and belongs to a family of proteins that contain a tripartite motif consisting of a RING finger, a B box, and a coiled-coil domain. RFP represses transcription by interacting with Enhancer of Polycomb and is localized to the cytoplasm or nucleus depending on the cell type. Here, we have identified the nuclear export signal (NES) located in the coiled-coil region of RFP. Mutation of this NES or treatment with leptomycin B abrogated the nuclear export of RFP in NIH3T3 cells. In addition, fusion of this NES to other nuclear proteins, such as yeast transcription factor Gal4, resulted in their release into the cytoplasm of NIH3T3 cells. Although the NES function of RFP in HepG2 cells is masked by another domain in RFP or by another protein, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment or overexpression of constitutively active protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) abrogated masking, leading to the cytoplasmic localization of RFP. Furthermore, treatment of NIH3T3 cells with PKC inhibitors blocked the function of NES, resulting in nuclear localization of RFP. Thus, the nuclear export of RFP is regulated positively by PKC activation. However, RFP was not a direct substrate of PKC, and additional signaling pathways may be involved in the regulation of nuclear export of RFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harbers
- RIKEN Tsukuba Institute and Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST) Project of Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki
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110
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Khan MM, Nomura T, Kim H, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Zhong S, Pandolfi PP, Ishii S. PML-RARalpha alleviates the transcriptional repression mediated by tumor suppressor Rb. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43491-4. [PMID: 11583987 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c100532200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A fusion between the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein and the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARalpha) results in the transforming protein of acute promyelocytic leukemia, PML-RARalpha. PML has growth-suppressive properties and is localized within distinct nuclear structures referred to as nuclear bodies. PML participates in numerous cellular functions, including transcriptional activation, apoptosis, and transcriptional repression, whereas PML-RARalpha blocks these functions. However, the role played by PML-RARalpha in leukemogenesis remains unclear. Here we report that PML is required for transcriptional repression mediated by the tumor suppressor Rb. Rb interacts with the histone decaetylase (HDAC) complex containing co-repressors and represses the transcription of the E2F target genes. Overexpression of PML enhanced Rb-mediated repression. The degree of Rb-mediated repression was weakened by injecting anti-PML antibodies and was lower in Pml-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PML-RARalpha inhibited Rb-mediated repression, and two co-repressor-interacting sites on the PML-RARalpha molecule were required for this activity. Furthermore, PML-RARalpha blocked the interaction between Rb and HDAC. Thus, aberrant binding of PML-RARalpha to co-repressor-HDAC complexes may inhibit their association with Rb, resulting in the abrogation of Rb activity. Thus, the disruption of Rb-mediated repression may be a contributory factor in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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111
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Kohroki J, Fujita S, Itoh N, Yamada Y, Imai H, Yumoto N, Nakanishi T, Tanaka K. ATRA-regulated Asb-2 gene induced in differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells. FEBS Lett 2001; 505:223-8. [PMID: 11566180 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins possess common structures, a SOCS box at the C-terminus and a SH2 domain at their center. These suppressors are inducible in response to cytokines and act as negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The ASB proteins also contain the SOCS box and the ankyrin repeat sequence at the N-terminus, but do not have the SH2 domain. Although Socs genes are directly induced by several cytokines, no Asb gene inducers have been identified. In this study, we screened the specific genes expressed in the course of differentiation of HL-60 cells, and demonstrated that ASB-2, one of the ASB proteins, was rapidly induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Typical retinoid receptors (RARs) or retinoid X receptors (RXRs) binding element (RARE/RXRE) were presented in the promoter of the Asb-2 gene. We showed that RARalpha, one of the RARs, binds to the RARE/RXRE in the Asb-2 promoter. In addition, we demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay that this element was a functional RARE/RXRE. These findings indicate that ASB-2 is directly induced by ATRA and may act as a significant regulator, underlying such physiological processes as cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kohroki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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