101
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Wu D, Zhang M, Peng M, Sui X, Li W, Sun G. Variations in Soil Functional Fungal Community Structure Associated With Pure and Mixed Plantations in Typical Temperate Forests of China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1636. [PMID: 31379786 PMCID: PMC6646410 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest plants are in constant contact with the soil fungal community, which plays an important role in the circulation of nutrients through forest ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fungal diversity in soil and elucidate the ecological role of functional fungal communities in forest ecosystems using soil samples from seven different plantations in northeastern China. Our results showed that the fungal communities were dominated by the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota, and the mixed plantation of Fraxinus mandshurica and Pinus koraiensis had a soil fungal population clearly divergent from those in the other plantations. Additionally, the mixed plantation of F. mandshurica and P. koraiensis, which was low in soil nutrients, contained a highly diverse and abundant population of ectomycorrhizal fungi, whereas saprophytic fungi were more abundant in plantations with high soil nutrients. Redundancy analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between saprophytic fungi and the level of soil nutrients, whereas ectomycorrhizal fungi were mainly distributed in soils with low nutrient. Our findings provide insights into the importance of functional fungi and the mediation of soil nutrients in mixed plantations and reveal the effect of biodiversity on temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mu Peng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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102
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Wei Z, Hao Z, Li X, Guan Z, Cai Y, Liao X. The effects of phytoremediation on soil bacterial communities in an abandoned mine site of rare earth elements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:950-960. [PMID: 30921727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexploitation of rare earth elements (REEs) has caused serious desertification and environmental pollution. The ecological restoration of mining areas has attracted increasing attention in China. Soil microbiota is important for successful ecological remediation of abandoned mine land. In this study, soil samples were collected from a restored REE mine site, and the bacterial community composition and diversity were assessed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Microbiota significantly developed in the remediated land. A total of 663,781 effective 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained, which were classified into 28 bacterial phyla and 3 archaeal phyla. The dominant phyla across all samples (>5% of total effective sequences) were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes. Bacterial diversity indices (OTU number, Shannon index and Chao1 index) of the restored soils were higher than those of the tailings and even surpassed those in the unmined site. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil nutrients (soil organic carbon, available phosphorus and total nitrogen) were the dominant factors, followed by soil pH, affecting bacterial community structure. In general, these results suggested that soil amendment and phytoremediation effectively improved the soil environment of the abandoned mine site, which also increased our understanding of the correlation between microbial variation and soil properties in restored REE mine soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhikui Hao
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xunhang Li
- The Bioscience and Engineering College, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhengbing Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiangru Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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103
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Adeel M, Lee JY, Zain M, Rizwan M, Nawab A, Ahmad MA, Shafiq M, Yi H, Jilani G, Javed R, Horton R, Rui Y, Tsang DCW, Xing B. Cryptic footprints of rare earth elements on natural resources and living organisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:785-800. [PMID: 31039528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare earth elements (REEs) are gaining attention due to rapid rise of modern industries and technological developments in their usage and residual fingerprinting. Cryptic entry of REEs in the natural resources and environment is significant; therefore, life on earth is prone to their nasty effects. Scientific sectors have expressed concerns over the entry of REEs into food chains, which ultimately influences their intake and metabolism in the living organisms. OBJECTIVES Extensive scientific collections and intensive look in to the latest explorations agglomerated in this document aim to depict the distribution of REEs in soil, sediments, surface waters and groundwater possibly around the globe. Furthermore, it draws attention towards potential risks of intensive industrialization and modern agriculture to the exposure of REEs, and their effects on living organisms. It also draws links of REEs usage and their footprints in natural resources with the major food chains involving plants, animals and humans. METHODS Scientific literature preferably spanning over the last five years was obtained online from the MEDLINE and other sources publishing the latest studies on REEs distribution, properties, usage, cycling and intrusion in the environment and food-chains. Distribution of REEs in agricultural soils, sediments, surface and ground water was drawn on the global map, together with transport pathways of REEs and their cycling in the natural resources. RESULTS Fourteen REEs (Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, Th and Yb) were plighted in this study. Wide range of their concentrations has been detected in agricultural soils (<15.9-249.1 μg g-1) and in groundwater (<3.1-146.2 μg L-1) at various sites worldwide. They have strong tendency to accumulate in the human body, and thus associated with kidney stones. The REEs could also perturb the animal physiology, especially affecting the reproductive development in both terrestrial and aquatic animals. In plants, REEs might affect the germination, root and shoot development and flowering at concentration ranging from 0.4 to 150 mg kg-1. CONCLUSIONS This review article precisely narrates the current status, sources, and potential effects of REEs on plants, animals, humans health. There are also a few examples where REEs have been used to benefit human health. However, still there is scarce information about threshold levels of REEs in the soil, aquatic, and terrestrial resources as well as living entities. Therefore, an aggressive effort is required for global action to generate more data on REEs. This implies we prescribe an urgent need for inter-disciplinary studies about REEs in order to identify their toxic effects on both ecosystems and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Jie Yinn Lee
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), University of Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Microelement research center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Aamir Nawab
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - M A Ahmad
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 11044, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Faculty of biological and agricultural sciences, University of Colima, Mexico
| | - Hao Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Insititute of Soil Science and SWC, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Javed
- Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - R Horton
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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104
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Akram R, Natasha, Fahad S, Hashmi MZ, Wahid A, Adnan M, Mubeen M, Khan N, Rehmani MIA, Awais M, Abbas M, Shahzad K, Ahmad S, Hammad HM, Nasim W. Trends of electronic waste pollution and its impact on the global environment and ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16923-16938. [PMID: 31025281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) is used for all electronic/electrical devices which are no more used. Conventionally, waste management policies are desfighandle the traditional waste. Although e-waste contains toxic materials, however, its management is rarely focused by policy makers; therefore, its negative impact on the global environment, ecosystem, and human health is aggravated. The review outlines the categories of e-waste materials, major pollutants including ferrous/non-ferrous metals, plastics, glass, printed circuit boards, cement, ceramic, and rubber beside, some valuable metals (such as copper, silver, gold, platinum). Toxic elements from e-waste materials, released in the air, water, and soil, include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead, causing pollution. Although their roles in biological systems are poorly identified, however, they possess significant toxic and carcinogenic potential. It is therefore critical to monitor footprint and device strategies to address e-waste-linked issues from manufacturing, exportation, to ultimate dumping, including technology transmissions for its recycling. This review traces a plausible link among e-waste condition at a worldwide dimension, as far as settlement procedures to keep it secure and carefully monitored when traded. Their fate in the three spheres of the earth, i.e., water, soil, and air, impacts human health. The strategies and regulation to handle e-waste generation at the global level have been discussed. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, KPK, Pakistan.
| | | | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bhauddin Zakerya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Ambar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Plant Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammadd Awais
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture (MNSUA), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Bhauddin Zakerya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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105
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Yang Q, Wang L, Zhou L, Yang Z, Zhou Q, Huang X. The glucosinolate regulation in plant: A new view on lanthanum stimulating the growth of plant. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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106
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Zhao X, Huang J, Lu J, Sun Y. Study on the influence of soil microbial community on the long-term heavy metal pollution of different land use types and depth layers in mine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:218-226. [PMID: 30529916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To understand the importance of the response of soil microbial communities to the stress of heavy metals around mining areas by assessing the feedback of soil ecosystems in different soil habitats, this article selected different land use types (Mining area, Dressing area, Heap mine area, Tailings area and Vegetable field) and surface soil samples of different depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm) as the variables related to the mining activities in the Shizishan mining area in Tongling, Anhui Province, China. Soil physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations of the different land use types and soil depths were compared. Illumina MiSeq. 2500 Sequencing Technology was used to analyze the abundance and structural diversity of the microbial community in soil samples. The relationship between mine soil pollution characteristics and microbial community were investigated. The results showed that soil physicochemical properties and heavy metals significantly affected the microbial community. The microbial community structure was significantly variable in vertical soil depth-layer habitats. The relative abundance (1%) of the soil microbial community at the phylum level was represented by a total of 14 phyla, where the two most dominant phyla were Proteobacteria (41.71%) and Firmicutes (20.44%). The two bacteria were positively related with Cu, Zn, Pb, and pH but negatively associated with soil organic matter (SOM), available potassium (AK), and moisture content (MC). Therefore, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were highly resistant to heavy metals. These results increased our understanding of microbial variation and assembly pattern under different land use types in heavy metals contaminated mining soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqing Zhao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Jin Lu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
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107
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Zeng P, Guo Z, Xiao X, Peng C. Effects of tree-herb co-planting on the bacterial community composition and the relationship between specific microorganisms and enzymatic activities in metal(loid)-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:237-248. [PMID: 30584955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree-herb co-planting is regarded as an ecologically sustainable approach for the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated soil. In this study, two herb species, Pteris vittata L. and Arundo donax L., and two woody species, Morus alba L. and Broussonetia papyrifera L., were selected for the tree-herb co-planting, and their impacts on the changing of microbial community structure in metal(loid)-contaminated soil were studied by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the microbial diversity was stably maintained by the tree-herb interactions, while the composition of the microbial community was clearly affected in metal(loid)-contaminated soil. According to the Venn and flower diagrams, heat map and principal coordinate analysis, both plant monocultures and co-planting had specific microbial community structures, which suggested that the composition and abundance of bacterial communities varied between plant monoculture and tree-herb co-planting treatments. In particular, A. donax L. played a vital role in increasing the abundances of Cyanobacteria (>1%) in metal(loid)-contaminated soil when co-planted with woody plants. Furthermore, some specific microorganisms combined with plants played a key role in improving enzyme activity in the contaminated soil. Correspondingly, sucrase and acid phosphatase activities in monoculture and co-planting treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 1.05-3.37 and 7.24-20.3 times. These results indicated that the rhizospheric interactions in the tree-herb co-planting system positively affected the soil microbes and had stronger impacts on the composition of soil microorganisms, which was closely related to the improvement of the biological quality in the metal(loid)-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Chi Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
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108
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Liu JL, Yao J, Wang F, Min N, Gu JH, Li ZF, Sunahara G, Duran R, Solevic-Knudsen T, Hudson-Edwards KA, Alakangas L. Bacterial diversity in typical abandoned multi-contaminated nonferrous metal(loid) tailings during natural attenuation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:98-107. [PMID: 30669085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abandoned nonferrous metal(loid) tailings sites are anthropogenic, and represent unique and extreme ecological niches for microbial communities. Tailings contain elevated and toxic content of metal(loid)s that had negative effects on local human health and regional ecosystems. Microbial communities in these typical tailings undergoing natural attenuation are often very poorly examined. The diversity and inferred functions of bacterial communities were examined at seven nonferrous metal(loid) tailings sites in Guangxi (China), which were abandoned between 3 and 31 years ago. The acidity of the tailings sites rose over 31 years of site inactivity. Desulfurivibrio, which were always coupled with sulfur/sulfide oxidation to dissimilate the reduction of nitrate/nitrite, were specific in tailings with 3 years abandonment. However, genus beneficial to plant growth (Rhizobium), and iron/sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and metal(loid)-related genera (Acidiferrobacter and Acidithiobacillus) were specific within tailings abandoned for 23 years or more. The increased abundance of acid-generating iron/sulfur-oxidizing and metal(loid)-related bacteria and specific bacterial communities during the natural attenuation could provide new insights for understanding microbial ecosystem functioning in mine tailings. OTUs related to Sulfuriferula, Bacillus, Sulfurifustis, Gaiella, and Thiobacillus genera were the main contributors differentiating the bacterial communities between the different tailing sites. Multiple correlation analyses between bacterial communities and geochemical parameters indicated that pH, TOC, TN, As, Pb, and Cu were the main drivers influencing the bacterial community structures. PICRUSt functional exploration revealed that the main functions were related to DNA repair and recombination, important functions for bacterial adaptation to cope with the multi-contamination of tailings. Such information provides new insights to guide future metagenomic studies for the identification of key functions beyond metal-transformation/resistance. As well, our results offers novel outlooks for the management of bacterial communities during natural attenuation of multi-contaminated nonferrous metal(loid) tailings sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Li Liu
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resource and Environment Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 100083, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ning Min
- School of Water Resource and Environment Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 100083, China
| | - Ji-Hai Gu
- School of Water Resource and Environment Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 100083, China
| | - Zi-Fu Li
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Geoffrey Sunahara
- School of Water Resource and Environment Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 100083, China; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Robert Duran
- School of Water Resource and Environment Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 100083, China; Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau Cedex, France
| | - Tatjana Solevic-Knudsen
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, PO Box 473, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karen A Hudson-Edwards
- Environment & Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9DF, UK
| | - Lena Alakangas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Geosciences, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
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109
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Liu WS, Guo MN, Liu C, Yuan M, Chen XT, Huot H, Zhao CM, Tang YT, Morel JL, Qiu RL. Water, sediment and agricultural soil contamination from an ion-adsorption rare earth mining area. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:75-83. [PMID: 30359919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their specific properties, ion-adsorption rare earth mine sites may be a threat for adjacent environments. This work was undertaken to assess whether former mining operations on ion-adsorption rare earth mine sites have a significant impact on water bodies and soils of the surrounding environments. Tailing soil materials, stream waters and sediments, and farmland soils were collected from one of the largest ion-adsorption rare earth mine sites worldwide (Southern China). Total concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs), Fe, Al, etc., and pH were measured. Results revealed high concentrations of REEs in tailing soils (392 mg kg-1), stream waters (4460 μg L-1), sediments (462 mg kg-1) and farmland soils (928 mg kg-1) in comparison with control sites. In the tailing profiles, light REEs (LREEs) were preferentially leached compared to middle REEs (MREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs). Anomalies in tailings and stream water indicated strong soil weathering (Eu) and leaching activities (Ce) within the tailings. The MREE enriched pattern in stream water was more related to water parameters such as Al and Fe oxides, and ligands, than to the source of REEs. Anomalies also indicated that REEs contamination in the farmland soils was mainly originated from the stream water contaminated by the leaching from the tailings. In conclusion, a heavy REEs pollution was recorded in the surrounding environment of ion-adsorption rare earth mine. REEs fractionation, Ce and Eu anomalies provided an insight to the understanding of REEs leaching and soil weathering processes, and REEs environmental fate in rare earth mining area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Na Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Tian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hermine Huot
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chun-Mei Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Tao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jean Louis Morel
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, INRA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Rong-Liang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
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110
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Miao Y, Johnson NW, Gedalanga PB, Adamson D, Newell C, Mahendra S. Response and recovery of microbial communities subjected to oxidative and biological treatments of 1,4-dioxane and co-contaminants. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:74-85. [PMID: 30419469 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community dynamics were characterized following combined oxidation and biodegradation treatment trains for mixtures of 1,4-dioxane and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in laboratory microcosms. Bioremediation is generally inhibited by co-contaminate CVOCs; with only a few specific bacterial taxa reported to metabolize or cometabolize 1,4-dioxane being unaffected. Chemical oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a non-selective treatment demonstrated 50-80% 1,4-dioxane removal regardless of the initial CVOC concentrations. Post-oxidation bioaugmentation with 1,4-dioxane metabolizer Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 removed the remaining 1,4-dioxane. The intrinsic microbial population, biodiversity, richness, and biomarker gene abundances decreased immediately after the brief oxidation phase, but recovery of cultivable microbiomes and a more diverse community were observed during the subsequent 9-week biodegradation phase. Results generated from the Illumina Miseq sequencing and bioinformatics analyses established that generally oxidative stress tolerant genus Ralstonia was abundant after the oxidation step, and Cupriavidus, Pseudolabrys, Afipia, and Sphingomonas were identified as dominant genera after aerobic incubation. Multidimensional analysis elucidated the separation of microbial populations as a function of time under all conditions, suggesting that temporal succession is a determining factor that is independent of 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs mixtures. Network analysis highlighted the potential interspecies competition or commensalism, and dynamics of microbiomes during the biodegradation phase, in line with the shifts of predominant genera and various developing directions during different steps of the treatment train. Collectively, this study demonstrated that chemical oxidation followed by bioaugmentation is effective for treating 1,4-dioxane, even in the presence of high levels of CVOC mixtures and residual peroxide, a disinfectant, and enhanced our understanding of microbial ecological impacts of the treatment train. These results will be valuable for predicting treatment synergies that lead to cost savings and improved remedial outcomes in short-term active remediation as well as long-term changes to the environmental microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Nicholas W Johnson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Phillip B Gedalanga
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Department of Health Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA, 92834, United States
| | - David Adamson
- GSI Environmental Inc., Houston, TX, 77098, United States
| | - Charles Newell
- GSI Environmental Inc., Houston, TX, 77098, United States
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States.
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111
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Chi H, Yang L, Yang W, Li Y, Chen Z, Huang L, Chao Y, Qiu R, Wang S. Variation of the Bacterial Community in the Rhizoplane Iron Plaque of the Wetland Plant Typha latifolia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2610. [PMID: 30469475 PMCID: PMC6313532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The survival of wetland plants in iron, sulfur and heavy metals-rich mine tailing ponds has been commonly attributed to the iron plaque (IP) on the root surface that acts as a protective barrier. However, the contribution of bacteria potentially regulates the iron-sulfur cycle and heavy metal exclusion at the root surface has not been studied in depth, particularly from a microbial ecology perspective. In this study, a pot experiment using Typha latifolia, a typical wetland plant, in non-polluted soil (NP) and tailing soil (T) was conducted. Samples from four zones, comprising non-rhizosphere soil (NR), rhizosphere soil (R) and internal (I) and external (E) layers of iron plaque, were collected from the NP and T and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Simpson index of the genus level showed greater diversities of bacterial community in the NP and its I zone is the most important part of the rhizosphere. PICRUSt predicted that the I zones in both NP and T harbored most of the functional genes. Specifically, functional genes related to sulfur relay and metabolism occurred more in the I zone in the T, whereas those related to iron acquisition and carbon and nitrogen circulation occurred more in the I zone in the NP. Analysis of dominant bacterial communities at genus level showed highest abundance of heavy metal resistant genus Burkholderia in the E zones in both soils, indicating that heavy metal resistance of Typha latifolia driven by Burkholderia mainly occurred at the external layer of IP. Moreover, many bacterial genera, such as Acidithiobacillus, Ferritrophicum, Thiomonas, Metallibacterium and Sideroxydans, involved in iron and sulfur metabolisms were found in the T and most showed higher abundance in the I zone than in the other zones. This work, as the first endeavor to separate the iron plaque into external and internal layers and investigate the variations of the bacterial communities therein, can provide an insight for further understanding the survival strategy of wetland plants, e.g., Typha latifolia, in extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochun Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Ziwu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lige Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yuanqing Chao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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112
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China's most typical nonferrous organic-metal facilities own specific microbial communities. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12570. [PMID: 30135589 PMCID: PMC6105654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity and function of microorganisms have yet to be explored at non-ferrous metal mining facilities (NMMFs), which are the world’s largest and potentially most toxic sources of co-existing metal(loid)s and flotation reagents (FRs). The diversity and inferred functions of different bacterial communities inhabiting two types of sites (active and abandoned) in Guangxi province (China) were investigated for the first time. Here we show that the structure and diversity of bacteria correlated with the types of mine sites, metal(loid)s, and FRs concentrations; and best correlated with the combination of pH, Cu, Pb, and Mn. Combined microbial coenobium may play a pivotal role in NMMFs microbial life. Arenimonas, specific in active mine sites and an acidophilic bacterium, carries functions able to cope with the extreme conditions, whereas Latescibacteria specific in abandoned sites can degrade organics. Such a bacterial consortium provides new insights to develop cost-effective remediation strategies of co-contaminated sites that currently remain intractable for bioremediation.
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113
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Banerjee S, Schlaeppi K, van der Heijden MGA. Keystone taxa as drivers of microbiome structure and functioning. Nat Rev Microbiol 2018; 16:567-576. [DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 839] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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114
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Luo C, Deng Y, Inubushi K, Liang J, Zhu S, Wei Z, Guo X, Luo X. Sludge Biochar Amendment and Alfalfa Revegetation Improve Soil Physicochemical Properties and Increase Diversity of Soil Microbes in Soils from a Rare Earth Element Mining Wasteland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050965. [PMID: 29751652 PMCID: PMC5982004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long-term unregulated mining of ion-adsorption clays (IAC) in China has resulted in severe ecological destruction and created large areas of wasteland in dire need of rehabilitation. Soil amendment and revegetation are two important means of rehabilitation of IAC mining wasteland. In this study, we used sludge biochar prepared by pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge as a soil ameliorant, selected alfalfa as a revegetation plant, and conducted pot trials in a climate-controlled chamber. We investigated the effects of alfalfa revegetation, sludge biochar amendment, and their combined amendment on soil physicochemical properties in soil from an IAC mining wasteland as well as the impact of sludge biochar on plant growth. At the same time, we also assessed the impacts of these amendments on the soil microbial community by means of the Illumina Miseq sequences method. Results showed that alfalfa revegetation and sludge biochar both improved soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure. When alfalfa revegetation and sludge biochar amendment were combined, we detected additive effects on the improvement of soil physicochemical properties as well as increases in the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Redundancy analyses suggested that alfalfa revegetation and sludge biochar amendment significantly affected soil microbial community structure. Critical environmental factors consisted of soil available K, pH, organic matter, carbon⁻nitrogen ratio, bulk density, and total porosity. Sludge biochar amendment significantly promoted the growth of alfalfa and changed its root morphology. Combining alfalfa the revegetation with sludge biochar amendment may serve to not only achieve the revegetation of IAC mining wasteland, but also address the challenge of municipal sludge disposal by making the waste profitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigui Luo
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Yangwu Deng
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Kazuyuki Inubushi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 2718510, Japan.
| | - Jian Liang
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Sipin Zhu
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Zhenya Wei
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Xianping Luo
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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115
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Siegel-Hertz K, Edel-Hermann V, Chapelle E, Terrat S, Raaijmakers JM, Steinberg C. Comparative Microbiome Analysis of a Fusarium Wilt Suppressive Soil and a Fusarium Wilt Conducive Soil From the Châteaurenard Region. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:568. [PMID: 29670584 PMCID: PMC5893819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-suppressive soils are soils in which specific soil-borne plant pathogens cause only limited disease although the pathogen and susceptible host plants are both present. Suppressiveness is in most cases of microbial origin. We conducted a comparative metabarcoding analysis of the taxonomic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities from suppressive and non-suppressive (conducive) soils as regards Fusarium wilts sampled from the Châteaurenard region (France). Bioassays based on Fusarium wilt of flax confirmed that disease incidence was significantly lower in the suppressive soil than in the conducive soil. Furthermore, we succeeded in partly transferring Fusarium wilt-suppressiveness to the conducive soil by mixing 10% (w/w) of the suppressive soil into the conducive soil. Fungal diversity differed significantly between the suppressive and conducive soils. Among dominant fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated to known genera, 17 OTUs were detected exclusively in the suppressive soil. These OTUs were assigned to the Acremonium, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Ceratobasidium, Mortierella, Penicillium, Scytalidium, and Verticillium genera. Additionally, the relative abundance of specific members of the bacterial community was significantly higher in the suppressive and mixed soils than in the conducive soil. OTUs found more abundant in Fusarium wilt-suppressive soils were affiliated to the bacterial genera Adhaeribacter, Massilia, Microvirga, Rhizobium, Rhizobacter, Arthrobacter, Amycolatopsis, Rubrobacter, Paenibacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Geobacter. Several of the fungal and bacterial genera detected exclusively or more abundantly in the Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil included genera known for their activity against F. oxysporum. Overall, this study supports the potential role of known fungal and bacterial genera in Fusarium wilt suppressive soils from Châteaurenard and pinpoints new bacterial and fungal genera for their putative role in Fusarium wilt suppressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Siegel-Hertz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Edel-Hermann
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emilie Chapelle
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Terrat
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Steinberg
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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116
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Xue L, Ren H, Li S, Leng X, Yao X. Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Co-occurrence Pattern during Vegetation Restoration in Karst Rocky Desertification Area. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2377. [PMID: 29250053 PMCID: PMC5717032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetation restoration has been widely used in karst rocky desertification (KRD) areas of southwestern China, but the response of microbial community to revegetation has not been well characterized. We investigated the diversity, structure, and co-occurrence patterns of bacterial communities in soils of five vegetation types (grassland, shrubbery, secondary forest, pure plantation and mixed plantation) in KRD area using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity analysis revealed that 15 bacterial community samples were clustered into five groups that corresponded very well to the five vegetation types. Shannon diversity was positively correlated with pH and Ca2+ content but negatively correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil moisture. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH, Ca2+ content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil moisture jointly influenced bacterial community structure. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed non-random assembly patterns of bacterial composition in the soils. Bryobacter, GR-WP33-30, and Rhizomicrobium were identified as keystone genera in co-occurrence network. These results indicate that diverse soil physicochemical properties and potential interactions among taxa during vegetation restoration may jointly affect the bacterial community structure in KRD regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xue
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
- Observation and Research Station for Rock Desert Ecosystem, Puding, China
| | - Huadong Ren
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
- Observation and Research Station for Rock Desert Ecosystem, Puding, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
- Observation and Research Station for Rock Desert Ecosystem, Puding, China
| | - Xiuhui Leng
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
- Observation and Research Station for Rock Desert Ecosystem, Puding, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China
- Observation and Research Station for Rock Desert Ecosystem, Puding, China
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