101
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Sun J, Hu H, Zheng D, Zhang D, Deng Q, Zhang S, Xu H. Light-Emitting Plexciton: Exploiting Plasmon-Exciton Interaction in the Intermediate Coupling Regime. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10393-10402. [PMID: 30222317 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between plasmons in metal nanostructures and excitons in layered materials attracts recent interests due to its fascinating properties inherited from the two constituents, e.g., the high tunability on its spectral or spatial properties from the plasmonic component, and the large optical nonlinearity or light emitting properties from the excitonic counterpart. Here, we demonstrate light-emitting plexcitons from the coupling between the neutral excitons in monolayer WSe2 and highly confined nanocavity plasmons in the nanocube-over-mirror system. We observe, simultaneously, an anticrossing dispersion curve of the hybrid system in the dark-field scattering spectrum and a 1700 times enhancement in the photoluminescence. We attribute the large photoluminescence enhancement to the increased local density of states by both the plasmonic and excitonic constituents in the intermediate coupling regime. In addition, increasing the confinement of the hybrid systems is achieved by shrinking down the size of the hot spot within the gap between the nanocube and the metal film. Numerical calculations reproduce the experimental observations and provide the effective number of excitons taking part in the interaction. This highly compact system provides a room temperature testing platform for quantum cavity electromagnetics at the deep subwavelength scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Huatian Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Di Zheng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Daxiao Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Qian Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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102
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Chakraborty B, Gu J, Sun Z, Khatoniar M, Bushati R, Boehmke AL, Koots R, Menon VM. Control of Strong Light-Matter Interaction in Monolayer WS 2 through Electric Field Gating. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6455-6460. [PMID: 30160968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strong light-matter coupling results in the formation of half-light half-matter quasiparticles that take on the desirable properties of both systems such as small mass and large interactions. Controlling this coupling strength in real-time is highly desirable due to the large change in optical properties such as reflectivity that can be induced in strongly coupled systems. Here we demonstrate modulation of strong exciton-photon coupling in a monolayer WS2 through electric field induced gating at room temperature. The device consists of a WS2 field effect transistor embedded inside a microcavity structure which transitions from strong to weak coupling when the monolayer WS2 becomes more n-type under gating. This transition occurs due to the reduction in oscillator strength of the excitons arising from decreased Coulomb interaction in the presence of electrostatically induced free carriers. The possibility to electrically modulate a solid state system at room temperature from strong to weak coupling is highly desirable for realizing low energy optoelectronic switches and modulators operating both in quantum and classical regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Chakraborty
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Mandeep Khatoniar
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Alexandra L Boehmke
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
| | - Rian Koots
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York , City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
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103
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Chen K, Razinskas G, Vieker H, Gross H, Wu X, Beyer A, Gölzhäuser A, Hecht B. High-Q, low-mode-volume and multiresonant plasmonic nanoslit cavities fabricated by helium ion milling. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17148-17155. [PMID: 30183794 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Helium ion milling of chemically-synthesized micron-sized gold flakes is performed to fabricate ultra-narrow nanoslit cavities with a varying length and width down to 5 nm. Their plasmon resonances are characterized by one-photon photoluminescence spectroscopy. The combination of fabrication based on single-crystalline gold and resonant modes with low radiative losses leads to remarkably high quality factors of up to 24. Multiple Fabry-Pérot-type resonances in the visible/near infrared spectral range are observed due to the achieved narrow slit widths and the resulting short effective wavelengths of nanoslit plasmons. These features make nanoslit cavities attractive for a range of applications such as surface-enhanced spectroscopy, ultrafast nano-optics and strong light-matter coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Nano-Optics & Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik V, Physikalisches Institute, Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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104
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Stührenberg M, Munkhbat B, Baranov DG, Cuadra J, Yankovich AB, Antosiewicz TJ, Olsson E, Shegai T. Strong Light-Matter Coupling between Plasmons in Individual Gold Bi-pyramids and Excitons in Mono- and Multilayer WSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5938-5945. [PMID: 30081635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted a lot of research attention recently, motivated by their remarkable optical properties and potential for strong light-matter interactions. Realization of strong plasmon-exciton coupling is especially desirable in this context because it holds promise for the enabling of room-temperature quantum and nonlinear optical applications. These efforts naturally require investigations at a single-nanoantenna level, which, in turn, should possess a compact optical mode interacting with a small amount of excitonic material. However, standard plasmonic nanoantenna designs such as nanoparticle dimers or particle-on-film suffer from misalignment of the local electric field in the gap with the in-plane transition dipole moment of monolayer TMDCs. Here, we circumvent this problem by utilizing gold bi-pyramids (BPs) as very efficient plasmonic nanoantennas. We demonstrate strong coupling between individual BPs and tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayers at room temperature. We further study the coupling between multilayers of WSe2 and BPs to elucidate the effect of the number of layers on the coupling strength. Importantly, BPs adopt a reduced-symmetry configuration when deposited on WSe2, such that only one sharp antenna tip efficiently interacts with excitons. Despite the small interaction area, we manage to achieve strong coupling, with Rabi splitting exceeding ∼100 meV. Our results suggest a feasible way toward realizing plasmon-exciton polaritons involving nanoscopic areas of TMDCs, thus pointing toward quantum and nonlinear optics applications at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stührenberg
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Andrew B Yankovich
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
- Faculty of Physics , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5 , 02-093 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
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105
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Chen W, Zhang S, Kang M, Liu W, Ou Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Guan Z, Xu H. Probing the limits of plasmonic enhancement using a two-dimensional atomic crystal probe. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:56. [PMID: 30839623 PMCID: PMC6113320 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Achieving larger electromagnetic enhancement using a nanogap between neighboring metallic nanostructures has been long pursued for boosting light-matter interactions. However, the quantitative probing of this enhancement is hindered by the lack of a reliable experimental method for measuring the local fields within a subnanometer gap. Here, we use layered MoS2 as a two-dimensional atomic crystal probe in nanoparticle-on-mirror nanoantennas to measure the plasmonic enhancement in the gap by quantitative surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Our designs ensure that the probe filled in the gap has a well-defined lattice orientation and thickness, enabling independent extraction of the anisotropic field enhancements. We find that the field enhancement can be safely described by pure classical electromagnetic theory when the gap distance is no <1.24 nm. For a 0.62 nm gap, the probable emergence of quantum mechanical effects renders an average electric field enhancement of 114-fold, 38.4% lower than classical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Meng Kang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Weikang Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Zhenwei Ou
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Yexin Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
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106
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Zakharko Y, Rother M, Graf A, Hähnlein B, Brohmann M, Pezoldt J, Zaumseil J. Radiative Pumping and Propagation of Plexcitons in Diffractive Plasmonic Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4927-4933. [PMID: 29995428 PMCID: PMC6089499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between plasmons and excitons leads to the formation of plexcitons: quasiparticles that combine nanoscale energy confinement and pronounced optical nonlinearities. In addition to these localized modes, the enhanced control over the dispersion relation of propagating plexcitons may enable coherent and collective coupling of distant emitters. Here, we experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between carbon nanotube excitons and spatially extended plasmonic modes formed via diffractive coupling of periodically arranged gold nanoparticles (nanodisks, nanorods). Depending on the light-matter composition, the rather long-lived plexcitons (>100 fs) undergo highly directional propagation over 20 μm. Near-field energy distributions calculated with the finite-difference time-domain method fully corroborate our experimental results. The previously demonstrated compatibility of this plexcitonic system with electrical excitation opens the path to the realization of a variety of ultrafast active plasmonic devices, cavity-assisted energy transport and low-power optoelectronic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Zakharko
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Rother
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arko Graf
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Hähnlein
- Institut
für Mikro- und Nanotechnologie, Technische
Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Maximilian Brohmann
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Pezoldt
- Institut
für Mikro- und Nanotechnologie, Technische
Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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107
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Valley-Selective Response of Nanostructures Coupled to 2D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer (1L) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are attractive materials for several optoelectronic applications because of their strong excitonic resonances and valley-selective response. Valley excitons in 1L-TMDCs are formed at opposite points of the Brillouin zone boundary, giving rise to a valley degree of freedom that can be treated as a pseudospin, and may be used as a platform for information transport and processing. However, short valley depolarization times and relatively short exciton lifetimes at room temperature prevent using valley pseudospins in on-chip integrated valley devices. Recently, it was demonstrated how coupling these materials to optical nanoantennas and metasurfaces can overcome this obstacle. Here, we review the state-of-the-art advances in valley-selective directional emission and exciton sorting in 1L-TMDC mediated by nanostructures and nanoantennas. We briefly discuss the optical properties of 1L-TMDCs paying special attention to their photoluminescence/absorption spectra, dynamics of valley depolarization, and the valley Hall effect. Then, we review recent works on nanostructures for valley-selective directional emission from 1L-TMDCs.
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108
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Schneider C, Glazov MM, Korn T, Höfling S, Urbaszek B. Two-dimensional semiconductors in the regime of strong light-matter coupling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2695. [PMID: 30002368 PMCID: PMC6043564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are widely dominated by excitons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs. These quasi-particles exhibit giant oscillator strength and give rise to narrow-band, well-pronounced optical transitions, which can be brought into resonance with electromagnetic fields in microcavities and plasmonic nanostructures. Due to the atomic thinness and robustness of the monolayers, their integration in van der Waals heterostructures provides unique opportunities for engineering strong light-matter coupling. We review first results in this emerging field and outline future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Korn
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY, 16 9SS, UK
| | - Bernhard Urbaszek
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France.
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109
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Nan F, Yan Z. Sorting Metal Nanoparticles with Dynamic and Tunable Optical Driven Forces. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4500-4505. [PMID: 29939760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Precise sorting of colloidal nanoparticles is a challenging yet necessary task for size-specific applications of nanoparticles in nanophotonics and biochemistry. Here we present a new strategy for all-optical sorting of metal nanoparticles with dynamic and tunable optical driven forces generated by phase gradients of light. Size-dependent optical forces arising from the phase gradients of optical line traps can drive nanoparticles of different sizes with different velocities in solution, leading to their separation along the line traps. By using a sequential combination of optical lines to create differential trapping potentials, we realize precise sorting of silver and gold nanoparticles in the diameter range of 70-150 nm with a resolution down to 10 nm. Separation of the nanoparticles agrees with the analysis of optical forces acting on them and with simulations of their kinetic motions. The results provide new insights into all-optical nanoparticle manipulation and separation and reveal that there is still room to sort smaller nanoparticle with nanometer precision using dynamic phase-gradient forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Zijie Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
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110
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Shang Q, Zhang S, Liu Z, Chen J, Yang P, Li C, Li W, Zhang Y, Xiong Q, Liu X, Zhang Q. Surface Plasmon Enhanced Strong Exciton-Photon Coupling in Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Perovskite Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3335-3343. [PMID: 29722986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating strong light-matter interaction in semiconductor microcavities is crucial for developing high-performance exciton polariton devices with great potential in next-generation all-solid state quantum technologies. In this work, we report surface plasmon enhanced strong exciton-photon interaction in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanowires. Characteristic anticrossing behaviors, indicating a Rabi splitting energy up to ∼564 meV, are observed near exciton resonance in hybrid perovskite nanowire/SiO2/Ag cavity at room temperature. The exciton-photon coupling strength is enhanced by ∼35% on average, which is mainly attributed to surface plasmon induced localized excitation field redistribution. Further, systematic studies on SiO2 thickness and nanowire dimension dependence of exciton-photon interaction are presented. These results provide new avenues to achieve extremely high coupling strengths and push forward the development of electrically pumped and ultralow threshold small lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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111
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Krasnok A, Lepeshov S, Alú A. Nanophotonics with 2D transition metal dichalcogenides [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:15972-15994. [PMID: 30114850 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.015972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently become attractive materials for several optoelectronic applications, such as photodetection, light harvesting, phototransistors, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. Their bandgap lies in the visible and near-IR range, and they possess strong excitonic resonances, high oscillator strengths, and valley-selective response. Coupling these materials to optical nanocavities enhances the quantum yield of exciton emission, enabling advanced quantum optics and nanophotonics devices. Here, we review the state-of-the-art advances of hybrid exciton-polariton structures based on monolayer TMDCs coupled to plasmonic and dielectric nanocavities. We discuss the optical properties of 2D WS2, WSe2, MoS2 and MoSe2 materials, paying special attention to their energy bands, photoluminescence/absorption spectra, excitonic fine structure, and to the dynamics of exciton formation and valley depolarization. We also discuss light-matter interactions in such hybrid exciton-polariton structures. Finally, we focus on weak and strong coupling regimes in monolayer TMDCs-based exciton-polariton systems, envisioning research directions and future opportunities for this material platform.
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112
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Gandman A, Mackin RT, Cohn B, Rubtsov IV, Chuntonov L. Radiative Enhancement of Linear and Third-Order Vibrational Excitations by an Array of Infrared Plasmonic Antennas. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4521-4528. [PMID: 29727565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infrared gold antennas localize enhanced near fields close to the metal surface, when excited at the frequency of their plasmon resonance, and amplify vibrational signals from the nearby molecules. We study the dependence of the signal enhancement on the thickness of a polymer film containing vibrational chromophores, deposited on the antenna array, using linear (FTIR) and third-order femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy (transient absorption and 2DIR). Our results show that for a film thickness beyond only a few nanometers the near-field interaction is not sufficient to account for the magnitude of the observed signal, which nevertheless has a clear Fano line shape, suggesting a radiative origin of the molecule-plasmon interaction. The mutual radiative damping of plasmonic and molecular transitions leads to the spectroscopic signal of a molecular vibrational excitation to be enhanced by up to a factor of 50 in the case of linear spectroscopy and over 2000 in the case of third-order spectroscopy. A qualitative explanation for the observed effect is given by the extended coupled oscillators model, which takes into account both near-field and radiative interactions between the plasmonic and molecular transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Gandman
- Solid State Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Robert T Mackin
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Bar Cohn
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Lev Chuntonov
- Solid State Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
- Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
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113
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Lepeshov S, Wang M, Krasnok A, Kotov O, Zhang T, Liu H, Jiang T, Korgel B, Terrones M, Zheng Y, Alú A. Tunable Resonance Coupling in Single Si Nanoparticle-Monolayer WS 2 Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16690-16697. [PMID: 29651843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are extremely attractive materials for optoelectronic applications in the visible and near-infrared range. Coupling these materials to optical nanocavities enables advanced quantum optics and nanophotonic devices. Here, we address the issue of resonance coupling in hybrid exciton-polariton structures based on single Si nanoparticles (NPs) coupled to monolayer (1L)-WS2. We predict a strong coupling regime with a Rabi splitting energy exceeding 110 meV for a Si NP covered by 1L-WS2 at the magnetic optical Mie resonance because of the symmetry of the mode. Further, we achieve a large enhancement in the Rabi splitting energy up to 208 meV by changing the surrounding dielectric material from air to water. The prediction is based on the experimental estimation of TMDC dipole moment variation obtained from the measured photoluminescence spectra of 1L-WS2 in different solvents. An ability of such a system to tune the resonance coupling is realized experimentally for optically resonant spherical Si NPs placed on 1L-WS2. The Rabi splitting energy obtained for this scenario increases from 49.6 to 86.6 meV after replacing air by water. Our findings pave the way to develop high-efficiency optoelectronic, nanophotonic, and quantum optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oleg Kotov
- Institute of MicroelectronicsTechnology and High Purity Materials , Russian Academy of Sciences , 142432 Chernogolovka , Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Chemical Engineering , Carlos III University of Madrid , Avenida Universidad 30 , Leganés, Madrid 28911 , Spain
- IMDEA Materials Institute , Eric Kandel 2 , Getafe, Madrid 28005 , Spain
| | | | - Andrea Alú
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center , City University of New York , New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center , City University of New York , New York 10016 , United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering , City College of The City University of New York , New York 10031 , United States
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114
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Wang M, Krasnok A, Zhang T, Scarabelli L, Liu H, Wu Z, Liz-Marzán LM, Terrones M, Alù A, Zheng Y. Tunable Fano Resonance and Plasmon-Exciton Coupling in Single Au Nanotriangles on Monolayer WS 2 at Room Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705779. [PMID: 29659088 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tunable Fano resonances and plasmon-exciton coupling are demonstrated at room temperature in hybrid systems consisting of single plasmonic nanoparticles deposited on top of the transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. By using single Au nanotriangles (AuNTs) on monolayer WS2 as model systems, Fano resonances are observed from the interference between a discrete exciton band of monolayer WS2 and a broadband plasmonic mode of single AuNTs. The Fano lineshape depends on the exciton binding energy and the localized surface plasmon resonance strength, which can be tuned by the dielectric constant of surrounding solvents and AuNT size, respectively. Moreover, a transition from weak to strong plasmon-exciton coupling with Rabi splitting energies of 100-340 meV is observed by rationally changing the surrounding solvents. With their tunable plasmon-exciton interactions, the proposed WS2 -AuNT hybrids can open new pathways to develop active nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Leonardo Scarabelli
- Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - He Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zilong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Chemical Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Avenida Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, Madrid, 28005, Spain
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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115
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Deng Q, Kang M, Zheng D, Zhang S, Xu H. Mimicking plasmonic nanolaser emission by selective extraction of electromagnetic near-field from photonic microcavity. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7431-7439. [PMID: 29637981 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers have attracted significant attention owing to their ability to generate a coherent optical field in the deep subwavelength region, and they exhibit promising applications in integrated photonics, bioimaging and sensing. However, the demonstration of lasing in individual metallic nanoparticles with 3D subwavelength confinement represents a significant challenge and is yet to be realized. Herein, we propose to mimic a plasmonic nanolaser via selective scattering off the evanescent tail of a lasing photonic nanobelt using a single silver nanorod (24 nm × 223 nm). The nanorod acts as an optical antenna that selectively extracts the near-field component along the rod axis. The light output from the silver nanorod mimics the emission of a plasmonic nanolaser in its localized near-field and polarization dependence, except for the lasing wavelength and linewidth, which are inherited from the photonic laser. The realization of localized coherent light sources provides promising nanoscale lighting that shows potential in background-suppressed illumination, biosensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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116
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Beane G, Brown BS, Johns P, Devkota T, Hartland GV. Strong Exciton-Plasmon Coupling in Silver Nanowire Nanocavities. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1676-1681. [PMID: 29547298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between plasmonic and excitonic systems and the formation of hybridized states is an area of intense interest due to the potential to create exotic light-matter states. We report herein coupling between the leaky surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes of single Ag nanowires and excitons of a cyanine dye (TDBC) in an open nanocavity. Silver nanowires were spin-cast onto glass coverslips, and the wavevector of the leaky SPP mode was measured by back focal plane (BFP) microscopy. Performing these measurements at different wavelengths allows the generation of dispersion curves, which show avoided crossings after deposition of a concentrated TDBC-PVA film. The Rabi splitting frequencies (Ω) determined from the dispersion curves vary between nanowires, with a maximum value of Ω = 390 ± 80 meV. The experiments also show an increase in attenuation of the SPP mode in the avoided crossing region. The ability to measure attenuation for the hybrid exciton-SPP states is a powerful aspect of these single nanowire experiments because this quantity is not readily available from ensemble experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Brendan S Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Paul Johns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Tuphan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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117
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Cuadra J, Baranov DG, Wersäll M, Verre R, Antosiewicz TJ, Shegai T. Observation of Tunable Charged Exciton Polaritons in Hybrid Monolayer WS 2-Plasmonic Nanoantenna System. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1777-1785. [PMID: 29369640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Formation of dressed light-matter states in optical structures, manifested as Rabi splitting of the eigen energies of a coupled system, is one of the key effects in quantum optics. In pursuing this regime with semiconductors, light is usually made to interact with excitons, electrically neutral quasiparticles of semiconductors; meanwhile interactions with charged three-particle states, trions, have received little attention. Here, we report on strong interaction between localized surface plasmons in silver nanoprisms and excitons and trions in monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2). We show that the plasmon-exciton interactions in this system can be efficiently tuned by controlling the charged versus neutral exciton contribution to the coupling process. In particular, we show that a stable trion state emerges and couples efficiently to the plasmon resonance at low temperature by forming three bright intermixed plasmon-exciton-trion polariton states. Our findings open up a possibility to exploit electrically charged polaritons at the single nanoparticle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Martin Wersäll
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies , University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c , 02-097 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
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118
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Sukharev M, Pachter R. Effects of exciton-plasmon strong coupling on third harmonic generation by two-dimensional WS2 at periodic plasmonic interfaces. J Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5019953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85201, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
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119
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Thomas R, Thomas A, Pullanchery S, Joseph L, Somasundaran SM, Swathi RS, Gray SK, Thomas KG. Plexcitons: The Role of Oscillator Strengths and Spectral Widths in Determining Strong Coupling. ACS NANO 2018; 12:402-415. [PMID: 29261287 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling interactions between plasmon and exciton-based excitations have been proposed to be useful in the design of optoelectronic systems. However, the role of various optical parameters dictating the plasmon-exciton (plexciton) interactions is less understood. Herein, we propose an inequality for achieving strong coupling between plasmons and excitons through appropriate variation of their oscillator strengths and spectral widths. These aspects are found to be consistent with experiments on two sets of free-standing plexcitonic systems obtained by (i) linking fluorescein isothiocyanate on Ag nanoparticles of varying sizes through silane coupling and (ii) electrostatic binding of cyanine dyes on polystyrenesulfonate-coated Au nanorods of varying aspect ratios. Being covalently linked on Ag nanoparticles, fluorescein isothiocyanate remains in monomeric state, and its high oscillator strength and narrow spectral width enable us to approach the strong coupling limit. In contrast, in the presence of polystyrenesulfonate, monomeric forms of cyanine dyes exist in equilibrium with their aggregates: Coupling is not observed for monomers and H-aggregates whose optical parameters are unfavorable. The large aggregation number, narrow spectral width, and extremely high oscillator strength of J-aggregates of cyanines permit effective delocalization of excitons along the linear assembly of chromophores, which in turn leads to efficient coupling with the plasmons. Further, the results obtained from experiments and theoretical models are jointly employed to describe the plexcitonic states, estimate the coupling strengths, and rationalize the dispersion curves. The experimental results and the theoretical analysis presented here portray a way forward to the rational design of plexcitonic systems attaining the strong coupling limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Anoop Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Saranya Pullanchery
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Linta Joseph
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Sanoop Mambully Somasundaran
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Rotti Srinivasamurthy Swathi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Stephen K Gray
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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120
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Li B, Zu S, Zhou J, Jiang Q, Du B, Shan H, Luo Y, Liu Z, Zhu X, Fang Z. Single-Nanoparticle Plasmonic Electro-optic Modulator Based on MoS 2 Monolayers. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9720-9727. [PMID: 28863263 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of light in an integrated circuit is crucial for the development of high-speed electro-optic devices. Recently, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers generated broad interest for the optoelectronics because of their huge exciton binding energy, tunable optical emission, direct electronic band-gap structure, etc. Miniaturization and multifunctionality of electro-optic devices further require the manipulation of light-matter interaction at the single-nanoparticle level. The strong exciton-plasmon interaction that is generated between the MoS2 monolayers and metallic nanostructures may be a possible solution for compact electro-optic devices at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate a nanoplasmonic modulator in the visible spectral region by combining the MoS2 monolayers with a single Au nanodisk. The narrow MoS2 excitons coupled with broad Au plasmons result in a deep Fano resonance, which can be switched on and off by applying different gate voltages on the MoS2 monolayers. A reversible display device that is based on this single-nanoparticle modulator is demonstrated with a heptamer pattern that is actively controlled by the external gates. Our work provides a potential application for electro-optic modulation on the nanoscale and promotes the development of gate-tunable nanoplasmonic devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuai Zu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technology University , Singapore 639798
| | - Qiao Jiang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bowen Du
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hangyong Shan
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technology University , Singapore 639798
| | - Xing Zhu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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121
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Wen J, Wang H, Wang W, Deng Z, Zhuang C, Zhang Y, Liu F, She J, Chen J, Chen H, Deng S, Xu N. Room-Temperature Strong Light-Matter Interaction with Active Control in Single Plasmonic Nanorod Coupled with Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4689-4697. [PMID: 28665614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong light-matter coupling manifested by Rabi splitting has attracted tremendous attention due to its fundamental importance in cavity quantum-electrodynamics research and great potentials in quantum information applications. A prerequisite for practical applications of the strong coupling in future optoelectronic devices is an all-solid-state system exhibiting room-temperature Rabi splitting with active control. Here we realized such a system in heterostructure consisted of monolayer WS2 and an individual plasmonic gold nanorod. By taking advantages of the small mode volume of the nanorod and large transition dipole moment of the WS2 exciton, giant Rabi splitting energies of 91-133 meV can be achieved at ambient conditions, which only involve a small number of excitons. The strong light-matter coupling can be dynamically tuned either by electrostatic gating or temperature scanning. These findings can pave the way toward active nanophotonic devices operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zexiang Deng
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juncong She
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ningsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
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