101
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Fernández-García M, Cañamero PF, Fuente JLDL. Synthesis and characterization of functional gradient copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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102
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Ouchi M, Ito M, Kamemoto S, Sawamoto M. Highly Active and Removable Ruthenium Catalysts for Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Living Radical Polymerization: Design of Ligands and Cocatalysts. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1358-64. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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103
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París R, Mosquera B, de la Fuente JL. Atom transfer radical copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and allyl methacrylate, two functional monomers. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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104
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Madhavan N, Jones CW, Weck M. Rational approach to polymer-supported catalysts: synergy between catalytic reaction mechanism and polymer design. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1153-65. [PMID: 18793027 DOI: 10.1021/ar800081y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Supported catalysis is emerging as a cornerstone of transition metal catalysis, as environmental awareness necessitates "green" methodologies and transition metal resources become scarcer and more expensive. Although these supported systems are quite useful, especially in their capacity for transition metal catalyst recycling and recovery, higher activity and selectivity have been elusive compared with nonsupported catalysts. This Account describes recent developments in polymer-supported metal-salen complexes, which often surpass nonsupported analogues in catalytic activity and selectivity, demonstrating the effectiveness of a systematic, logical approach to designing supported catalysts from a detailed understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanism. Over the past few decades, a large number of transition metal complex catalysts have been supported on a variety of materials ranging from polymers to mesoporous silica. In particular, soluble polymer supports are advantageous because of the development of controlled and living polymerization methods that are tolerant to a wide variety of functional groups, including controlled radical polymerizations and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. These methods allow for tuning the density and structure of the catalyst sites along the polymer chain, thereby enabling the development of structure-property relationships between a catalyst and its polymer support. The fine-tuning of the catalyst-support interface, in combination with a detailed understanding of catalytic reaction mechanisms, not only permits the generation of reusable and recyclable polymer-supported catalysts but also facilitates the design and realization of supported catalysts that are significantly more active and selective than their nonsupported counterparts. These superior supported catalysts are accessible through the optimization of four basic variables in their design: (i) polymer backbone rigidity, (ii) the nature of the linker, (iii) catalyst site density, and (iv) the nature of the catalyst attachment. Herein, we describe the design of polymer supports tuned to enhance the catalytic activity or decrease, or even eliminate, decomposition pathways of salen-based transition metal catalysts that follow either a monometallic or a bimetallic reaction mechanism. These findings result in the creation of some of the most active and selective salen catalysts in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Madhavan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Marcus Weck
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003
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105
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Zhang L, Cheng Z, Tang F, Li Q, Zhu X. Iron(III)-Mediated ATRP of Methyl Methacrylate Using Activators Generated by Electron Transfer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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106
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Kessler D, Teutsch C, Theato P. Synthesis of Processable Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Polymers Based on Poly(silsesquioxanes): Grafting from Polymerization Using ATRP. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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107
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Yu Q, Qin Z, Li J, Zhu S. Diffusion-controlled atom transfer radical polymerization with crosslinking. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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108
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Zhao B, Du H, Shi Y. A Cu(I)-Catalyzed C−H α-Amination of Esters. Direct Synthesis of Hydantoins. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7220-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja802242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Haifeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Yian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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109
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París R, de la Fuente JL. Synthesis of epoxy functionalized four-armed star diblock copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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110
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Pintauer T, Matyjaszewski K. Atom transfer radical addition and polymerization reactions catalyzed by ppm amounts of copper complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:1087-97. [PMID: 18497922 DOI: 10.1039/b714578k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has had a tremendous impact on the synthesis of polymeric materials with well defined compositions, architectures and functionalities. Apart from synthetic aspects of ATRP, considerable effort has also been devoted to structural and mechanistic understanding of copper complexes involved in ATRP, as well as development of methodologies to decrease the amount of catalyst needed in these systems. This tutorial review reports on recent advances in the area of catalyst regeneration in ATRP and mechanistically similar atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) using environmentally benign reducing agents. The outlined processes termed ARGET (activators regenerated by electron transfer) and ICAR (initiators for continuous activator regeneration) ATRP enable the synthesis of well-defined (co)polymers and single addition adducts using very low concentrations of copper catalysts (1-100 ppm). Recent developments in this area could have profound industrial implications on the synthesis of well-defined polymeric materials and small organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pintauer
- Duquesne University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 600 Forbes Avenue, 308 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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111
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Chain extension and block copolymer synthesis using silane radical atom abstraction coupled with nitroxide mediated polymerization. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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112
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Yoshida J, Okamoto H. Industrial Production Plants in Japan and Future Developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527616749.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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113
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Haifeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Yian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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114
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Kotal A, Si S, Paira TK, Mandal TK. Synthesis of semitelechelic POSS-polymethacrylate hybrids by thiol-mediated controlled radical polymerization with unusual thermal behaviors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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115
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Eckenhoff WT, Garrity ST, Pintauer T. Highly Efficient Copper-Mediated Atom-Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) in the Presence of Reducing Agent. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200701144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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116
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Ghosh M, Biswas P, Flörke U, Nag K. Halogen Exchange and Scrambling between C−X and M−X‘ Bonds in Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt Complexes of 6,6‘-bis(bromo/ chloromethyl)-2,2‘-bipyridine. Structural, Electrochemical, and Photochemical Studies. Inorg Chem 2007; 47:281-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ic7014786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, D-33098 , Paderborn, Germany
| | - Papu Biswas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, D-33098 , Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, D-33098 , Paderborn, Germany
| | - Kamalaksha Nag
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India, and Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, D-33098 , Paderborn, Germany
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117
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Uchiike C, Terashima T, Ouchi M, Ando T, Kamigaito M, Sawamoto M. Evolution of Iron Catalysts for Effective Living Radical Polymerization: Design of Phosphine/Halogen Ligands in FeX2(PR3)2. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071639r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Uchiike
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ando
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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118
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Zhao B, Yuan W, Du H, Shi Y. Cu(I)-catalyzed intermolecular diamination of activated terminal olefins. Org Lett 2007; 9:4943-5. [PMID: 17973481 DOI: 10.1021/ol702061s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel intermolecular diamination process with CuCl as catalyst and di-tert-butylthiadiaziridine 1,1-dioxide as nitrogen source. A variety of activated terminal olefins can be effectively diaminated in good yields under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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119
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Lin CY, Coote ML, Petit A, Richard P, Poli R, Matyjaszewski K. Ab Initio Study of the Penultimate Effect for the ATRP Activation Step Using Propylene, Methyl Acrylate, and Methyl Methacrylate Monomers. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070911u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yeh Lin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free-Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Laboratoire de Synthèse et d'Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, Faculté des Sciences “Gabriel”, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241 liée par convention à l'Université Paul Sabatier et à l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free-Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Laboratoire de Synthèse et d'Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, Faculté des Sciences “Gabriel”, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241 liée par convention à l'Université Paul Sabatier et à l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077
| | - Alban Petit
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free-Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Laboratoire de Synthèse et d'Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, Faculté des Sciences “Gabriel”, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241 liée par convention à l'Université Paul Sabatier et à l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077
| | - Philippe Richard
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free-Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Laboratoire de Synthèse et d'Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, Faculté des Sciences “Gabriel”, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241 liée par convention à l'Université Paul Sabatier et à l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free-Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Laboratoire de Synthèse et d'Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, Faculté des Sciences “Gabriel”, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241 liée par convention à l'Université Paul Sabatier et à l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free-Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Laboratoire de Synthèse et d'Electrosynthèse Organométalliques, Faculté des Sciences “Gabriel”, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR CNRS 8241 liée par convention à l'Université Paul Sabatier et à l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077
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120
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121
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Xue Z, Lee BW, Noh SK, Lyoo WS. Pyridylphosphine ligands for iron-based atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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122
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Tanaka K, Matyjaszewski K. Controlled Copolymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate with Nonpolar 1-Alkenes Using Activators Regenerated by Electron Transfer for Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070822h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Tanaka
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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123
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Iron catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate using diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine as a ligand. Macromol Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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124
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Yuan W, Du H, Zhao B, Shi Y. A Mild Cu(I)-Catalyzed Regioselective Diamination of Conjugated Dienes. Org Lett 2007; 9:2589-91. [PMID: 17536815 DOI: 10.1021/ol071105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel diamination process that uses CuCl as catalyst and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone as nitrogen source. A wide variety of conjugated dienes and a triene can be effectively diaminated in good yields with generally high regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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125
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Tsarevsky NV, Matyjaszewski K. “Green” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Process Design to Preparation of Well-Defined Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2270-99. [PMID: 17530906 DOI: 10.1021/cr050947p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1017] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolay V Tsarevsky
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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126
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Muñoz-Molina JM, Caballero A, Díaz-Requejo MM, Trofimenko S, Belderraín TR, Pérez PJ. Copper−Homoscorpionate Complexes as Active Catalysts for Atom Transfer Radical Addition to Olefins. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:7725-30. [PMID: 17503810 DOI: 10.1021/ic0702872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I) complexes containing trispyrazolylborate ligands efficiently catalyze the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of polyhalogenated alkanes to various olefins under mild conditions. The catalytic activity is enhanced when bulky and electron donating Tpx ligands are employed. Kinetic data have allowed the proposal of a mechanistic interpretation that includes a Cu(II) pentacoordinated species that regulates the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Muñoz-Molina
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain
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127
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Metz N, Theato P. Controlled synthesis of poly(acetone oxime acrylate) as a new reactive polymer: Stimuli-responsive reactive copolymers. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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128
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París R, de la Fuente JL. Gelation-free synthesis of poly(allyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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129
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Tang W, Matyjaszewski K. Effects of Initiator Structure on Activation Rate Constants in ATRP. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062897b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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130
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Tang H, Arulsamy N, Radosz M, Shen Y, Tsarevsky NV, Braunecker WA, Tang W, Matyjaszewski K. Highly active copper-based catalyst for atom transfer radical polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:16277-85. [PMID: 17165782 DOI: 10.1021/ja0653369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) generally requires a catalyst/initiator molar ratio of 0.1 to 1 and catalyst/monomer molar ratio of 0.001 to 0.01 (i.e., catalyst concentration: 1000-10,000 ppm versus monomer). Herein, we report a new copper-based complex CuBr/N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) as a versatile and highly active catalyst for acrylic, methacrylic, and styrenic monomers. The catalyst mediated ATRP at a catalyst/initiator molar ratio of 0.005 and produced polymers with well-controlled molecular weights and low polydispersities. ATRP occurred even at a catalyst/initiator molar ratio as low as 0.001 with copper concentration in the produced polymers as low as 6-8 ppm (catalyst/monomer molar ratio = 10(-5)). The catalyst structures were studied by X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. The activator CuIBr/TPEN existed in solution as binuclear and mononuclear complexes in equilibrium but as a binuclear complex in its single crystals. The deactivator CuIIBr2/TPEN complex was mononuclear. High stability and appropriate KATRP (ATRP equilibrium constant) were found crucial for the catalyst working under high dilution or in coordinating solvents/monomers. This provides guidance for further design of highly active ATRP catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Tang
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
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131
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Huang J, Cusick B, Pietrasik J, Wang L, Kowalewski T, Lin Q, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis and in situ atomic force microscopy characterization of temperature-responsive hydrogels based on poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:241-9. [PMID: 17190510 DOI: 10.1021/la061683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined copolymers of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and benzophenone methacrylate (BPMA) with different compositions were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. The molecular weights of these copolymers were Mn approximately 30 000 g/mol, while the BPMA content varied from 2.5 to 10 mol %. The copolymers with a low content of BPMA (2.5 and 5 mol %) exhibited a sharp thermal transition at 33-36 degrees C in aqueous solution. A hydrogel was immobilized and patterned on a silicon wafer via UV treatment of the spin-coated polymer layer using a photomask technique. The thermoresponsive behavior of the patterned polymer gel was quantitatively investigated by variable temperature in situ contact mode atomic force microscopy, which revealed the presence of two lower critical solution temperature regions. One region was between 25 and 30 degrees C, corresponding to the topmost layer of the hydrogel film, and the other region, around 40 degrees C, corresponded to the bulk of the hydrogel. Concurrent lateral force microscopy measurements revealed that, just above the transition temperature, the bulk region exhibited enhanced friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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132
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Jiang J, Lu X, Lu Y. Preparation of carboxyl-end-group polyacrylamide with low polydispersity by ATRP initiated with chloroacetic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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133
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París R, De la Fuente JL. Glass transition temperature of allyl methacrylate-n-butyl acrylate gradient copolymers in dependence on chemical composition and molecular weight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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134
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Likhitsup A, Parthiban A, Chai CLL. Combining atom-transfer radical polymerization and ring-opening polymerization through bifunctional initiators derived from hydroxy benzyl alcohol—Preparation and characterization of initiators, macroinitiators, and block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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135
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Yu S, He X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Hong S, Wu Q. Polymerization of styrene using bis(β-ketoamino)nickel(II)/methylaluminoxane catalytic systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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136
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Kaneyoshi H, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of a linear polyethylene macromonomer and preparation of polystyrene-graft-polyethylene copolymers via grafting-through atom transfer radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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137
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Thakur S, Tillman ES. Efficient metal-free coupling of polystyrene chains using silane radical atom abstraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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138
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París R, de la Fuente JL. Diblock copolymers based on allyl methacrylate: Synthesis, characterization, and chemical modification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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139
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Maria S, Biedroń T, Poli R, Kubisa P. Atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl acrylate with molybdenum halides as catalysts in an ionic liquid. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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140
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Goodwin JM, Chiang PC, Brynda M, Penkina K, Olmstead MM, Patten TE. Asymmetric dinuclear copper(i) complexes of bis-(2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl)-2-(N-toluenesulfonylamino)ethylamine with short copper–copper distances. Dalton Trans 2007:3086-92. [PMID: 17622426 DOI: 10.1039/b705684b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of two equivalents of CuCl to deprotonated bis-(2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl)-2-(N-toluenesulfonylamino)ethylamine (PETAEA) and its derivatives yielded new types of dinuclear Cu(I) complexes, Cu(mu-PETAEA)CuCl, Cu(mu-PEMAEA)CuCl, and Cu(mu-PENAEA)CuCl (PEMAEA is the 4-methoxyphenyl derivative of PETAEA and PENAEA is the 4-nitrophenyl derivative), exhibiting a four coordinate N(4)Cu center, a two coordinate NCuCl center, and a metal-metal distance within the range of 2.6572(8) to 2.6903(3) A. Analysis of the covalent radii for four coordinate and two coordinate copper(I), the acute copper-nitrogen-copper angles, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest a weak attraction between the two copper atoms. The complexes apparently formed in a two-step process with the formation of the tetracoordinate mononuclear complex preceding the coordination of a second equivalent of CuCl to the lone pair of the sulfonamidate ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5295, USA
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141
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Xu Y, Li H, Wang D, Li Y, Song Y, Ai P, Wang J. Synthesis and characterization of novel functional inorganic–organic hybrid material with macromolecule–metal complex by atom transfer radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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142
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Poly(methylphenylphosphazene)–Graft–Poly(methyl Methacrylate) Copolymers Via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-006-9068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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143
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Kabachii YA, Kochev SY, Valetskii PM. Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymer from optically active N-benzylprolinol acrylate. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090406090041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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144
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Braunecker WA, Matyjaszewski K. Recent mechanistic developments in atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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145
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146
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Tang W, Matyjaszewski K. Effect of Ligand Structure on Activation Rate Constants in ATRP. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0609634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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147
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Roof AC, Tillman ES, Malik RE, Roland AM, Miller DJ, Sarry LR. Mechanistic investigation of 9-bromoanthracene photodimers as initiators in atom transfer radical polymerization. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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148
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Farah AA, Hall N, Morin S, Pietro WJ. Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-block-polystyrene metallopolymers via sequential ROP and ATRP condition with in situ generated ruthenium catalyst. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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149
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Diamanti SJ, Khanna V, Hotta A, Coffin RC, Yamakawa D, Kramer EJ, Fredrickson GH, Bazan GC. Tapered Block Copolymers Containing Ethylene and a Functionalized Comonomer. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma052456c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve J. Diamanti
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids and Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, Departments of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Vikram Khanna
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids and Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, Departments of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Atsushi Hotta
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids and Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, Departments of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Robert C. Coffin
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids and Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, Departments of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Diane Yamakawa
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids and Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, Departments of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Edward J. Kramer
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids and Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, Departments of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids and Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, Departments of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids and Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, Departments of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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150
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Ingleson MJ, Pink M, Caulton KG. Reducing Power of Three-Coordinate Cobalt(I). J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:4248-9. [PMID: 16568998 DOI: 10.1021/ja0607279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide adds easily to (PNP)Co, PNP = N(SiMe2CH2PtBu2)2, to give (PNP)Co(CO), whose nuco value of 1885 cm-1 suggests much back-donation, and thus an easily oxidized Co(I) in (PNP)Co. However, Co(III) is inaccessible from (PNP)Co by oxidation with I2, the products being first (PNP)CoI, then the zwitterion [ItBu2PCH2SiMe2NSiMe2CH2PtBu2]CoI2. The potential two-electron oxidant N2CH(SiMe3) reacts with (PNP)Co to form a 1:1 "adduct", whose crystal structure is most consistent with oxidation of Co(I), but not fully to Co(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ingleson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405-7102, USA
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